DOCSLIB.ORG

Offload/Cooling Scenarios

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Offload/Cooling Scenarios The Chronology of Ukiyo-e[浮世繪] : records of Chinese culture in the Japanese Islands Written by Sing[性] The Beginning of Humanity China: Nuwa[女媧] created human by using rope and mud and also created a reed of a panpipe called “shenghuang”[笙簧]. China: Fuxi[伏羲] is a Chinese culture hero with human head and snake body[人首蛇身]. He invented fishing net and Chinese zither[琴瑟], taught fishing to people, created letter and ended talking knots communication style[結繩記事 similar to quipu]. China: GeTian clan[葛天氏] passed down the technique of rope production by twisting arrowroot[葛] fiber and a production of basket and cloth weaving to people. Also he invented singing and dancing. 50,000－10,000 years ago Japan: made some edged tools of Obsidian which is black and one of volcanic glasses.1 16,000 years ago Japan: traces of twisted strings as Rope-patterned pottery² ³ ⁴ ⁵[繩文土器] 7,000 years ago Japan: made baskets⁶ ⁷ 5,500 years ago Japan: wove cloths⁸ Japan: fished fastening stone sinkers or earthenware sinkers⁹ ¹⁰onto a fishing net ¹ Japanese Archaeological Association ed.(2006). 機関紙 日本考古学 第 22 号 遺跡報告 栃木県高原山黒曜石原産地遺跡群の発見 とその評価 -今後の調 査に向けての課題, Japan. http://archaeology.jp/journal/con22abs.htm#A8 (accessed 2014-10-14) ² Shidara, H.(2010). 東京大学公開講座 ホネ-万物を架橋する-先史時代の人々は骨をどのように扱ったか. Japan. http://todai.tv/contents-list/lp1hp1/et2th3/9atpvm/lecture.pdf (accessed 2014-10-14) ³ Fukaya City Board of Education, Saitama ed.(2008). 埼玉県深谷市埋蔵文化財発掘調査報告書 第 96 集 水窪遺跡 ― 第３次調査 ―. Japan. http://iseki-database.city.fukaya.saitama.jp/data/report/60F_96.pdf (accessed 2014-10-14) ⁴ Kawasaki city board of education, Kanagawa ed. 万福寺遺跡群縄文時代草創期出土品. Japan. http://www.city.kawasaki.jp/880/page/0000000875.html (accessed 2014-10-14) ⁵ Kimura, Atsushi(2002). 掘り day はちのへ 八戸市埋蔵文化財ニュース 第 6 号. Japan. http://www.korekawa-jomon.jp/books/docs/holiday06web.pdf (accessed 2014-10-14) ⁶ The Asahi Shimbun ed.(2014). 佐賀）東名遺跡出土のかご復元 東 名 縄 文 館 で 公 開 . Japan. http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASG4X4CTDG4XTTHB006.html (accessed 2014-10-14) ⁷ Saga City board of education, Saga ed.(2011). ひがしみょう通信 第１号. Japan. http://www.city.saga.lg.jp/contents.jsp?id=28600 (accessed 2014-10-14) ⁸ Aomori Prefecture Board of Education ed.(2014). Welcome to the Sannai-Maruyama site. Japan. http://sannaimaruyama.pref.aomori.jp/english/ (accessed 2014-10-14) ⁹ Neyagawa City Board of Education, Osaka ed.(2013). 縄文時代 3.縄文時代 讃良川遺跡. Japan. http://www.city.neyagawa.osaka.jp/organization_list/kyoiku_shakaikyoiku/bunkasport/bunkazai/zidai/1378025640199.html (accessed 2014-10-14) ¹⁰ Public Interest Incorporated Foundation of Niigata Archaeological Artifacts Survey Agency ed.(2002). 埋文にいがた No.38 埋文コラム 発掘か ら見えてきた漁具の歴史. Japan. http://www.maibun.net/image/38-p7.pdf (accessed 2014-10-14) 5,000 years ago China: The emergence of ancient characters1[原始文字] China: Momu[嫫母] who is the fourth imperial consort of Yellow Emperor[黄帝] invented the mirror from the stone reflecting light glaringly.² 3,400-3,000 years ago China: the emergence of Chinese character called "Oracle bone script"[甲骨文] 2,800－2,300 years ago China: the emergence of Chinese character called "Seal script"[篆書] China: The Chinese character "mirror"[鏡] is "Inkstone"[硯] in "Seal script"[篆書]. "Inkstone"[硯] represents an action of looking at oneself in the stone.³ AD 6th- 7th century China: Kong DaoMao[孔道茂](581-618) A representative of Daoism in early Sui[隋] period. Japan: The Empress of the third emperor of the Tang[唐] dynasty sent three treasures to the temple of her father, Fujiwarano Kamatari[藤原鎌足] in Japan but only two treasures[寶寶] arrived there after 669.⁴⁵⁶⁷ AD 8th century China: Female emperor of Zhou(周) dynasty, Wu Zetian[武則天] renamed Woguo[倭國] to Ribenguo[日本國] in 702.⁸ AD 10th-13th century China: The emergence of New Year Picture[年畫] during Song[宋] dynasty. China: Establishment of Neo-Confucian which is written "道學"[Daoism], "程朱理學", "宋明理學" or "性理學" in Chinese in late Song[宋] dynasty. ※Key words for Neo-Confucianism："Xing is Li"[性即理]/Dao[道] of Chinese character, which consists of "Fuxi's[伏羲] head as a human's head"[首] and "Fuxi's body as a snake's body"[辶] /Fuxi[伏羲] and Nuwa[女媧] are the incarnation of a bottle gourd [葫蘆]. And furthermore, Fu[浮] as a noun of Chinese means bottle gourd. AD 14th century China: New Year Pictures[年畫] which had been printed during Song[宋] dynasty, were found by Japanese in Gansu[甘 肅] in early Ming[明]. They are "Four Beauties"[隨朝窈窕呈傾國之芳容], "Kitchen God"[灶王爺] and "Guan Yu"[關聖帝 君].⁹ 1 nandu.com corporation ed.(2013). 浙江发现中国最早原始文字. China. http://epaper.oeeee.com/A/html/2013-07/10/content_1892180.htm (accessed 2014-10-14) ² www.viewcn.com & www.huaxia.com eds.(2005), 鏡子的傳說. China. http://big5.huaxia.com/zt/whbl/05-036/2005/00317580.html (accessed 2014-10-14) ³ Vividict.com[“象形字典”网] ed.(2010). 字头信息 砚 字形演变 造字解说. China. http://www.vividict.com/WordInfo.aspx?id=2092 (accessed 2014-10-14) ⁴ Shikoku News and Kagawa Prefectural Library eds.(2002). ２１世紀へ残したい香川 海女の玉取り伝説（志度町）. Japan. https://www.shikoku-np.co.jp/feature/nokoshitai/densetsu/1/ ⁵ Sugiyama Jogakuen University and Nagoya women's University eds.(2006). 2006(平成 18)年度 第 11 号 東海能楽研究会 年報 副言巻の試み ー白水郎の間語 りからー。Japan. http://zeami.ci.sugiyama-u.ac.jp/~izuka/erito1/nenpou/nen11.pdf (accessed 2014-10-14) ⁶ Caliber Cast Ltd. ed.(2014). The 能.com DATABASE Plays Ama (The Woman Diver). Japan. http://www.the-noh.com/en/plays/data/program_024.html (accessed 2014-10-14) ⁷ Kohfukuji[興福寺] ed. The Kohfukuji Temple Complex History of Kohfukuji. Japan. http://www.kohfukuji.com/english.html#english01 (accessed 2014-10-14) ⁸ China Internet Information Center ed.(2007), 煮酒论史：日本国号果真是中国唐朝所赐吗？(2).China. http://news.china.com/zh_cn/history/all/11025807/20070515/14096696_1.html (accessed 2014-10-14) ⁹ www.ccsc.gov.cn[中华文化标志城官方网站] ed.(2008). 年画 起源和发展. Japan. http://www.ccsc.gov.cn/jnrwwh/ys/200802/t20080223_3215838.html (accessed 2014-10-14) AD 15th-16th century Rome: Pope issued the bull to subjugate pagans as perpetual slaves since 1452. Japan: The Order to Expel Christian Priests was issued in 1587. AD 17th century Japan: Tokugawa Shogun[德川將軍] established the new government in Edo[江戸] castle [Tokyo imperial palace] in 1603. Japan: Persecution of Christian in 1612 Japan: The Dutch trading house was opened in Hirado[平戸], Nagasaki[長崎] in 1607. Japan: The British trading house was opened in Hirado[平戸], Nagasaki[長崎] in 1613. Japan: A code of laws and ordinances regarding the conduct of the Imperial Court and the court nobles[禁中並公家諸 法] was established in 1615. Japan: Law for Samurai[武家諸法度] was established in 1615. Rome: The Japanese envoy Hasekura Rokuemon[支倉六右衛門] met with Pope Paul Ⅴ in Rome in 1615. He was titled as Roman citizen in 1615.1 Japan: Tokugawa Shogun[德川將軍] limited foreign ships entry by only allowing them to enter Nagasaki[長崎] port and Hirado[平戸] port while he did not limit Chinese ships in 1616. Japan: The British trading house was closed in 1623. Japan: Tokugawa Shogun[德川將軍] broke up diplomatic relations with Spain and banned its ship’s entry in 1624. Taiwan: Dutch East India Company (VOC) occupied Taiwan in 1624. China: First Manchu[滿洲] invasion of Korea[丁卯胡亂] in 1627. Taiwan: Trader Hamada[濱田] took Nuyts, VOC prefect of Taiwan, as hostage in his own Taiwan office[濱田彌兵衛事件] in 1628. Japan: The Dutch trading house was closed in Hirado [平戸]in 1628. Japan: Tokugawa[德川] family invested to build Confucius's Mausoleum[孔子廟] in the private residence of Neo-Confucian Hayashi Razan[林羅山] in 1632.² Japan: The first order for Chained Country in 1633. Japan: The Second order for Chained Country in 1634. Japan: The third order for Chained Country in 1635. Tokugawa Shogun[德川將軍] limited Chinese ships, Dutch ships and other ships entry by allowing them to enter only Nagasaki port. Japan: Neo-Confucian Hayashi Razan[林羅山] amended the Law for Samurai[武家諸法度-寛永令] in 1635. China: Qing[清] was established in Manchu[滿洲] in 1636. Japan: The fourth order for Chained Country in 1636. China: Second Manchu[滿洲] invasion of Korea[丙子胡亂] during 1636-1637. Japan: The fifth order for Chained Country in 1639. Japan: The Dutch trading house was moved to Dejima[出島] in Nagasaki[長崎] in 1641. Japan: VOC occupied Hokkaido[北海道] and Kuril islands[千島群島] in 1643. China: Qing[清] overthrew Ming[明] dynasty and Qing dynasty was established in the capital Beijing in 1644. China: Southern Ming[南明] was established in 1644.(-1662) Japan: Great fire of Meireki[明暦]. The main building of Edo[江戸] castle and 60% of Edo were burned and a hundred thousands of people died in 1657.³ Japan: Neo-Confucian Hayashi Razan[林羅山] lost great amount of his books in Great fire of Meireki[明暦] and he died a few days later in 1657.⁴ 1 Sendai[仙台] city museum ed. 10. 慶長遣欧使節 (1). Japan. http://www.city.sendai.jp/kyouiku/museum/syuuzou/10_kenoushi/index.html (accessed 2014-10-14) ² Public Interest Incorporated Foundation of Sibunkai[公益財団法人斯文会] ed.(2009). 湯島聖堂略年表. Japan. http://www.seido.or.jp/year.html (accessed 2014-10-14) ³ The Asahi Shimbun Company and Voyage Group, Inc. eds.(2014). 明暦の大火 めいれきのたいか－大辞林第三版の解説. Japan. https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%98%8E%E6%9A%A6%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A7%E7%81%AB-141188#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE. 9E.E6.B3.89 (accessed 2014-10-14) ⁴ The Asahi Shimbun Company and Voyage Group, Inc. eds.(2014). 林羅山 はやしらざん－朝日日本歴史人物事典の解説. Japan. https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%9E%97%E7%BE%85%E5%B1%B1-14680 (accessed 2014-10-14) China: Single-sheet illustrated color prints were produced in Suzhou[蘇州] where was the port to connect directly to Japan, in early time of the Kangxi[康熙] period 1662-1722.1 Japan: A single-sheet illustrated color prints were produced from 1673 through 1683.² Japan: Neo-Confucianist Tokugawa Tsunayoshi[德川綱吉] succeeded as fifth Shogun[將軍] in 1680.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Making of Modern Japan
    The Making of Modern Japan The MAKING of MODERN JAPAN Marius B. Jansen the belknap press of harvard university press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England Copyright © 2000 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Third printing, 2002 First Harvard University Press paperback edition, 2002 Book design by Marianne Perlak Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jansen, Marius B. The making of modern Japan / Marius B. Jansen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-674-00334-9 (cloth) isbn 0-674-00991-6 (pbk.) 1. Japan—History—Tokugawa period, 1600–1868. 2. Japan—History—Meiji period, 1868– I. Title. ds871.j35 2000 952′.025—dc21 00-041352 CONTENTS Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii Note on Names and Romanization xviii 1. SEKIGAHARA 1 1. The Sengoku Background 2 2. The New Sengoku Daimyo 8 3. The Unifiers: Oda Nobunaga 11 4. Toyotomi Hideyoshi 17 5. Azuchi-Momoyama Culture 24 6. The Spoils of Sekigahara: Tokugawa Ieyasu 29 2. THE TOKUGAWA STATE 32 1. Taking Control 33 2. Ranking the Daimyo 37 3. The Structure of the Tokugawa Bakufu 43 4. The Domains (han) 49 5. Center and Periphery: Bakufu-Han Relations 54 6. The Tokugawa “State” 60 3. FOREIGN RELATIONS 63 1. The Setting 64 2. Relations with Korea 68 3. The Countries of the West 72 4. To the Seclusion Decrees 75 5. The Dutch at Nagasaki 80 6. Relations with China 85 7. The Question of the “Closed Country” 91 vi Contents 4. STATUS GROUPS 96 1. The Imperial Court 97 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4: Modern Japan and the World (Part 1) – from the Final Years of the Edo Shogunate to the End of the Meiji Period
    | 200 Chapter 4: Modern Japan and the World (Part 1) – From the Final Years of the Edo Shogunate to the End of the Meiji Period Section 1 – The encroachment of the Western powers in Asia Topic 47 – Industrial and people's revolutions | 201 What events led to the birth of Europe's modern nations? People's revolutions The one hundred years between the late-seventeenth and late-eighteenth centuries saw the transformation of Europe's political landscape. In Great Britain, the king and the parliament had long squabbled over political and religious issues. When conflict over religious policies intensified in 1688, parliament invited a new king from the Netherlands to take the throne. The new king took power without bloodshed and sent the old king into exile. This event, known as the Glorious Revolution, consolidated the parliamentary system and turned Britain into a constitutional monarchy.1 *1=In a constitutional monarchy, the powers of the monarch are limited by the constitution and representatives chosen by the citizens run the country's government. Great Britain's American colonies increasingly resisted the political repression and heavy taxation imposed by their king, and finally launched an armed rebellion to achieve independence. The rebels released the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and later enacted the Constitution of the United States, establishing a new nation with a political system based on a separation of powers.2 *2=Under a separation of powers, the powers of the government are split into three independent branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. In 1789, an angry mob of Parisian citizens, who groaned under oppressively heavy taxes, stormed the Bastille Prison, an incident that sparked numerous rural and urban revolts throughout France against the king and the aristocracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Aa 2010/2011
    Dottorato di ricerca in Lingue, Culture e Società Scuola di Dottorato in Lingue, Culture e Società XXVI Ciclo (A.A. 2010/2011―A.A. 2012/2013) The termination of the Ryukyuan embassies to Edo: an investigation of the bakumatsu period through the lens of a tripartite power relationship and its world SETTORE SCIENTIFICO DISCIPLINARE DI AFFERENZA:[L-OR/23] Tesi di Dottorato di Tinello Marco, 955866 Coordinatore del Dottorato Tutore del Dottorando Prof. SQUARCINI Federico Prof. CAROLI Rosa Co-tutore del Dottorando Prof. SMITS Gregory 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 6 Introduction Chapter 1-The Ryukyuan embassies to Edo: history of a three partners’ power relation in the context of the taikun diplomacy 31 1.1. Foundation of the taikun diplomacy and the beginning of the Ryukyuan embassies 34 1.2. The Ryukyuan embassies of the Hōei and Shōtoku eras 63 1.3. Ryukyuan embassies in the nineteenth century 90 Chapter 2-Changes in East Asia and Ryukyu in the first half of the nineteenth century: counter-measures of Shuri, Kagoshima and Edo to the pressures on Ryukyu by the Western powers 117 2.1. Western powers in Ryukyu after the Opium War and the Treaty of Nanjing 119 2.2. Countermeasures of the Shuri government to the Gaikantorai jiken 137 2.3. Countermeasures of Kagoshima and Edo after the arrival of Westerners in Ryukyu 152 Chapter 3-Responses of Edo, Kagoshima and Shuri to the conclusion of international treaties: were Ryukyuan embassies compatible with the stipulations of the treaties? 177 3.1. Responses of Edo and Kagoshima to the Ansei Treaties 179 3.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Yoshida Shoin and Shoka Sonjuku the True Spirit of Education By
    Yoshida Shoin and Shoka Sonjuku The True Spirit of Education by Umihara Toru Kyoto University TRANSLATION SERIES CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON JAPANESE EDUCATIONAL HISTORY & EAST ASIAN STUDIES CENTER INDIANA UNIVERSITY Yoshida Shoin and Shoka Sonjuku The True Spirit of Education by Umihara Toru Kyoto University The goal of this translation series is to distribute recent scholarly articles on the history of Japanese education to an international readership. The series is jointly sponsored by the Center for Research on Japanese Educational History and the East Asian Studies Center at Indiana University. For information on ordering titles in the translation series, please contact: East Asian Studies Center Memorial Hall West 207 Indiana University 1021 E. 3rd. Street Bloomington, IN 47405 email: [email protected] (tel) 812-855-3765 FAX 812-855-7762 EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION This essay by Professor Umihara Toru of Kyoto University is the inaugural piece in a translation series edited by the Center for Research on Japanese Educational History at Indiana University. The purpose of the series is to make recent work by outstanding Japanese scholars of the history of Japanese education available in English. We plan to translate journal articles as well as original essays like the contribution by Professor Umihara. Professor Umihara's essay was translated by Charles Andrews, a Ph.D. student in the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures at Indiana University. It was edited and revised by Professor Jurgis Elisonas and Professor Umihara. Professor Umihara Toru was born on March 26, 1936 in Yamaguchi prefecture and graduated from the Faculty of Education at Kyoto University in 1961.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Crisis: Fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate
    Dartmouth Model United Nations April 5 - 7, 2019 Historical Crisis: Fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate Dartmouth Model United Nations Conference 14th Annual Conference – April 5 – 7, 2019 Dartmouth College – Rockefeller Center – Hanover, NH 03755 E-mail: [email protected] - http://sites.dartmouth.edu/modelun Lauren Bishop December 5, 2018 Secretary-General Dear Delegates: Shelley Wang Director-General On behalf of the entire Dartmouth Model United Nations staff, I would like to welcome and thank you for registering for the fourteenth annual Dartmouth Model United Nations conference this Mila Escadajillo April 2019. We have been working relentlessly since the end of last year’s conference to provide a Chief of Staff better and more worthwhile Model U.N. experience for this spring’s delegates. Brandon Zhou DartMUN is a unique conference. We pair world-class delegations and dais staff members in Charge d’Affaires smaller, more-interactive environments to facilitate an enriching experience for delegates of all skill levels. We believe DartMUN’s active, small committees ensure delegates feel comfortable Clayton Jacques immersing themselves in a competitive but supportive environment that encourages trial by error Undersecretary-General of and participation. Furthermore, DartMUN’s well-trained staff is excited to work with your General Assembly delegates this winter in committee to equip the next generation of college students with the skills to tackle complex global problems. Daniel Bring Undersecretary-General of This being said, Model United Nations is only meaningful when delegates are thoroughly Special Committees prepared. To aid in your research preparation, your committee staff has spent hours researching, writing, and editing this Background Guide.
    [Show full text]
  • Sonnô Jôi: the Leaps in Logic in the Modern Japanese Political Scene
    20 9 Sonnô Jôi: The Leaps in Logic in the Modern Japanese Political Scene Kim Min-kyu* Ab s t r a c t : This article studies the mechanism of sonnô jôi (“Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians”), which caused the dissolvement of b a k u h a n system and consequently brought about Meiji Restoration. Sonnô jôi, originally means crying for the expulsion of western powers, came to consent to ka i k o k u (opening ports) and accept westernization, displaying great changeability in logic and goal as Japan’s foreign and domestic political situation developed. The uncertainty of the logic of sonnô jôi stems from the basic fragility of the dual political structure of the b a k u h a n system, in which the sh ô g u n , as a practical executioner of political power, and the te n n ô , a symbolic authority with little power, coexisted. The Bakufu’s ambigu- ou s political ground never allowed Japan to have a sound national ideology like Korea. The absence of a value system that was strong * He is a lecturer at Hongik University. Published article: “Gendae dongasia gukjae jilseo ui byeonyong gwa chungil suhojogyo (1871) (Changing features of international order in modern Eastasia and treaty between Qing and Japan in 1871)” in Daedong munhwa yeongu, vol. 41, 2002; “Sin Chaeho and ko¯to k u sh u¯sui: Discrepancies between a Korean and a Japanese ‘anarchist’” Silhak sasang yeongu, vol. 15, 16, 2000. Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2003, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • A Trans-Pacific Clash? the Role of Diplomatic Missions
    A TRANS-PACIFIC CLASH? THE ROLE OF DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS IN EARLY U.S.–JAPAN RELATIONS by Michael William Jones, B.A. A thesis submitted to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with a Major in History December 2020 Committee Members: Ellen Tillman, Chair Peter Siegenthaler Thomas Alter COPYRIGHT by Michael William Jones 2020 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94-553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgement. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Michael William Jones, authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for educational or scholarly purposes only. DEDICATION For Barbara Elizabeth Swyryn, Anne Cale Jones, Miss Kitty, Charli, Bingley, and Wilson Andrew Jones ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I first began to seriously consider studying Japanese history as an undergraduate at St. Edward’s University in Austin, Texas. The late professor Cecil Lawson planted the initial spark within me through his clear enthusiasm for Japanese culture and love for the Japanese people, which he displayed in his freshman studies class “Sword, Silk, and Silicon.” This interest was nurtured by professor Holly Holliday, my Japanese language instructor at St. Edward’s, who opened my mind to one of the world’s most complex and beautiful languages and, in turn, to the entire country of Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Thesis
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ The Collapse of Tokugawa Japan and the role of Sir Ernest Satow in the Meiji Restoration, 1853-1869 Sakakibara, Tsuyoshi Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 The Collapse of Tokugawa Japan and the role of Sir Ernest Satow in the Meiji Restoration, 1853-1869 Tsuyoshi Sakakibara Department of History King’s College London Submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy October, 2015 1 Declaration I confirm that the research contained in this thesis is in my own research and is submitted as such for the degree of Master of Philosophy.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 President Toshio HIRANO's 2015 Entrance Ceremony Speech Living
    President Toshio HIRANO’s 2015 Entrance Ceremony speech Living in Revolutionary Times First of all, I would like to heartily welcome you to Osaka University. I also offer my sincere congratulations to your families and related parties. With a life full of promising prospects, today all of you are embarking on a new life as a member of Osaka University. For me, as President of Osaka University, this is a supremely happy moment. We, Osaka University, extend a hearty welcome to you. From Tekijuku to Osaka University, to World Tekijuku Let me now talk a little about Osaka University where you will spend the coming years. Osaka Imperial University was founded in 1931 as the 6th imperial university in Japan. Although officially the government set up this university, in actuality, local people arranged the funds and temporary operational expenses for its founding. Osaka University’s roots reach back to Tekijuku, a private “place of learning” founded in 1838 by the doctor and scholar of Western sciences OGATA Koan. SHIBA Ryotaro, a graduate of Osaka School of Foreign Studies, the predecessor Osaka University of Foreign Studies, the predecessor of the current School of Foreign Studies, wrote at the beginning of his novel Kashin that Teijuku was the predecessor of Osaka University and, thus, in this sense, OGATA Koan was the founder of Osaka University. More than 1,000 students came to Tekijuku from all over Japan and studied day and night. These students included FUKUZAWA Yukichi, who served as a school chief and founded Keio University in his
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Analysis of the Differences Between
    A Comparative Analysis of the Differences between Chinese and Japanese Modernization in the Mid-Late Nineteenth Century, with Particular Regard to the Idea of ‘Rich Nation and Strong Army’ _____________________________________________ A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Japanese at the University of Canterbury by Liao, Chih-Yu ______________ University of Canterbury 2005-6 Submitted February 2006 Abstract This thesis aims to search for the whys and wherefores of success and failure in Japan’s 'catching up' and China’s 'slowing down' on the path to modernization / Westernization from the mid-nineteenth century to approximately the end of the first decade of the twentieth century. First, in the introduction (Chapter One) I state what is the aim of the thesis; the definition of ‘modernization’; literature review; methodology; outline of the thesis; and problems and limitations. Chronologically, I divide the period into four phases for detailed discussion: legacies, formative, operative, and consequent. In ‘the legacies’ (Chapter Two), it is shown that elements of the legacies such as territorial integrity, population, and political, military, economic and social circumstances in Tokugawa Japan were relatively more conducive to modernization along Western lines than those in Ch’ing China. In the formative phase (Chapter Three), it is shown that the central government and regional provincial leaders in Ch’ing China knew little and did almost nothing to respond to the menace of the West. By contrast, the Tokugawa Shogunate and more particularly regional daimyō and samurai had a deep sense of crisis and early on launched a series of reforms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Overthrow of the Tokugawa
    The Overthrow of the Tokugawa 1 The Opium War • In 1939 China tried to ban the socially disastrous opium trade. • In 1842 UK defended “free trade” with force on China. • UK forced China to open new ports to trade and to accept tariff levels set by UK. • The war confirmed Japanese people’s fear of western nations as predators, disguising conquest as economic profit. 2 The “Black Ships” • In 1983 Commodore Perry of US arrived at Edo bay to bring a simple message: Agree to trade, or suffer the consequences in war. • The four battleships of his fleet showing at Uraga beach frightened people living in Shogun’s capital. 3 Commodore Perry and His Fleet 4 Unequal Treaty in 1858 • Bakufu reluctantly signed a trade treaty that nearly replicated the Opium War settlement with China. • Bakufu opened eight ports to trade. • The Japanese surrendered tariff autonomy and legal jurisdiction. • (Extraterritoriality) Foreigners accused of crimes would be tried by foreign judges under foreign laws. 5 “Barbarians” created Modern Japanese Nationalism • The unequal treaties imposed a semi- colonial status on Japan. • Japan became legally subordinate to foreign governments. • In samurai society emerged a new concept of Japan as a single nation to be defended and governed as such. • The Tokugawa’s claim as Japan’s legitimate defender began to wither. 6 Impacts of Trade • Gold was priced at 1/3 of the global rate. Then foreigners purchased gold at a cheap price and sold it for triple to obtain huge profits. • Bakufu debased gold coins in line with world standards, which caused sharp inflation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Socio-Political Dimensions of Warlord Tea Praxis in Early Modern Japan, 1573-1860
    Aesthetic Authorities: The Socio-Political Dimensions of Warlord Tea Praxis in Early Modern Japan, 1573-1860 By Melinda Sue Landeck Submitted to the graduate degree program in History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson, Dr. Eric C. Rath ________________________________ Dr. J. Megan Greene ________________________________ Dr. Eve Levin ________________________________ Dr. Michael Baskett ________________________________ Dr. William Lindsey Date: October 21, 2015 The Dissertation Committee for Melinda Sue Landeck certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Aesthetic Authorities: The Socio-Political Dimensions of Warlord Tea Praxis in Early Modern Japan, 1573-1860 ________________________________ Chairperson, Dr. Eric C. Rath Date approved: October 21, 2015 ii Abstract This dissertation examines the practice of chanoyu (a performative art form featuring the formalized preparation of tea) by the regional warlords who took up the art in great numbers in Japan from the late sixteenth century forward. Spanning the period from 1573 until 1860, the case studies of seven warlord tea masters, as well as many ancillary figures, demonstrate the manner in which warlord tea praxis first developed in Japan and provide insight into why the art was embraced so widely by the military elite. Tracing this development through four chronological stages, this dissertation challenges the
    [Show full text]