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Addendum-1Redacted-Version.Pdf Addendum number 1 to the urgent request to open a preliminary examination in Venezuela, for crimes against humanity committed against the civilian population, since February 2014 Group of Families of Venezuelan Victims May, 2016 About the authors: The authors are a group of families of Venezuelan victims who have suffered various forms of violence at the hands of the Government of Venezuela (GoV), through various State entities and officers, and, in some instances, along with pro- government armed paramilitaries and organized crime gangs. Their testimonies in this communication, as well as the context in which their experiences occurred, drafted by Juancarlos Vargas1 and Sabrina Velandia2, stem from their first-hand experience and from corroborated and reliable open source information available. Due to the fear of being targeted for further violence, as so many families of victims have already been, these family members have chosen to remain anonymous at this stage, for security reasons, but remain available to be interviewed by the Office of the Prosecutor, on request. For further information, contact Juancarlos Vargas: [email protected] or Sabrina Velandia: [email protected]. The authors would like to thank Juan Carlos Gutiérrez for his support. 1 Juancarlos Vargas Alvarez is a Venezuelan attorney, and a former Fulbright Scholar and International Law Professor, with publications on Public International Law, International Human Rights Law and International Criminal Law. He holds a Master degree in International Law from Universidad Complutense de Madrid and he is currently a PhD candidate. 2 Sabrina Velandia Rosales is a Venezuelan attorney, graduated with high honors from Universidad Central de Venezuela. She holds a MSc in Fundamental Rights from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and a LL.M in International Law and Politics. She is a Human Rights and International Criminal Law researcher and is a former MAEC-AECID Scholar. 2 Table of Contents I. Rationale………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6 II. Background and factual allegations…………………………………………………………………………. 7 A. The crimes against humanity for political reasons or as a consequence of dissent…. 7 1. The victims’ numbers and categorization………………………………………………………………. 7 2. Major due process violations and deterioration of prisoners’ health…………………… 12 3. Women victim of torture and/or other cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment… 20 4. The Tomb: SEBIN’s torture confinement center…………………………………………………… 22 5. Leopoldo López’s solitary confinement………………………………………………………………… 25 6. Pro-government paramilitaries: The unlawful armed groups executing the GoV’s repression plan against the civilian population.................................................. 27 B. The parliamentary election campaign: The GoV’s violent speech results in physical violence and persecution……………………………………………………………………………. 31 C. The GoV’s obstruction of the new National Assembly…………………………………………. 35 D. The Supreme Tribunal as a political instrument of the GoV…………………………………. 38 E. The Amnesty and National Reconciliation Law…………………………………………………….. 41 F. The OLP deployment: coping with crime while violating the human rights of the most vulnerable people…………………………………………………………………………………….. 46 1. Murder………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 54 2. Imprisonment……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 55 3. Forcible evictions and dwelling destruction…………………………………………………………. 56 4. Deportations and forcible transfers……………………………………………………………………… 58 G. The Tumeremo massacre…………………………………………………………………………………….. 62 1. The initial denial and the subsequent late, inaccurate and contradictory response of the GoV………………………………………………………………………………………………… 64 2. The witnesses and relatives’ testimonies on the alleged participation of the GoV…66 3. The GoV’s disdain attitude on the case and its unconditional defense of the security forces’ reputation………………………………………………………………………………………. 68 H. Persecution of human rights and political activists……………………………………………… 71 III. Underling acts constituting crimes against humanity. Additions to The Request……. 74 A. Murder as a crime against humanity…………………………………………………………………… 75 1. Murder of a bystander during attacks against unarmed civilians’ demonstrations. 75 2. Violence during the parliamentary campaign: Murder of a political activist………… 77 3. Extrajudicial executions during OLP deployments……………………………………………….. 80 (i) Ángel Torrealba……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 81 (ii) Jonathan Luis Olivares Calixto and Jorge Luis Olivares Calixto…………………………. 83 (iii) Other alleged extrajudicial executions……………………………………………………………. 85 4. The Tumeremo massacred…………………………………………………………………………………… 88 B. Imprisonment as a crime against humanity…………………………………………………………. 90 1. Persons imprisoned for political reasons or as a consequence of dissent……………. 90 (i) Women Imprisoned………………………………………………………………………………………….. 90 3 (ii) The three elected deputies imprisoned…………………………………………………………… 92 (iii) People arrested for expressing dissent on social networks…………………………….. 95 (iv) Serious deterioration of political prisoners’ health: a cruel and inhumane treatment causing great suffering……………………………………………………….. 97 2. Imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty during OLP deployments………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 103 (i) Residents of La Ensenada (Miranda state)……………………………………………………… 103 (ii) Residents of Cota 905 (Caracas)……………………………………………………………………. 105 (iii) Residents of Brisas del Hipódromo (Carabobo state)……………………………………. 118 (iv) Colombian citizens in Táchira state (the border between Venezuela and Colombia)…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 108 3. Journalist imprisoned after reporting the Tumeremo massacre………………………… 108 C. Torture as a crime against humanity…………………………………………………………………. 109 1. Lorent Saleh and Gabriel Vallés…………………………………………………………………………. 109 2. Juan Miguel De Sousa………………………………………………………………………………………….110 3. Leopoldo López………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 110 D. Persecution against any identifiable group on political grounds………………………… 112 1. Humberto Prado……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 112 2. Political activists……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 113 E. Deportations and forcible transfers of population…………………………………………….. 114 IV. Jurisdiction………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 117 A. Territorial and temporal jurisdiction………………………………………………………………….. 117 B. Material jurisdiction of the Court………………………………………………………………………. 117 C. Groups and individuals involved in the commission of the crimes……………………… 118 1. The crimes against humanity for political reasons or as a consequence of dissent…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 118 2. OLP deployments………………………………………………………………………………………………. 119 3. The Tumeremo massacre………………………………………………………………………………….. 119 D. Contextual elements of the crime……………………………………………………………………… 119 1. Civilians as the primary target of the attack………………………………………………………. 119 2. State Policy……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 127 3. Widespread and systematic nature of the attack……………………………………………… 131 4. Nexus between the individual criminal acts and the attacks……………………………… 135 4 Acronym Index AD: Acción Democrática- Democratic Action CENAPROMIL: Centro Nacional de Procesados Militares- National Center for Accused Military members (Ramo Verde prison) CICPC: Cuerpo de Investigaciones Científicas, Penales y Criminalística- Corps of Scientific, Penal and Criminal Investigations CNE: Consejo Nacional Electoral- National Electoral Council CODHEZ: Comisión para los Derechos Humanos del Estado Zulia- Zulia state Commission on Human Rights COFAVIC: Comité de Familiares de las Víctimas- Committee for Victims’ Relatives DGCIM: Dirección General de Contra Inteligencia Militar- Military Counterintelligence Direction FANB: Fuerza Armanda Nacional Bolivariana- Bolivarian National Armed Forces FPV: Foro Penal Venezolano -Venezuelan Penal Forum FUNDEPRO: Fundación para el Debido Proceso- Foundation for Due Process FUNPAZ: Justicia, Solidaridad y Paz- Justice, Solidarity and Peace GNB: Guardia Nacional Bolivariana- Bolivarian National Guard GoV: Government of Venezuela HRW: Human Rights Watch INTT: Instituto Nacional de Tránsito Terrestre- National Institute of Terrestrial Transportation MUD: Mesa de la Unidad Democrática- Democratic Unity Roundtable OAS: Organization of American States OGP: Office of the General Prosecutor OLP: Operativo de Liberación del Pueblo- Operation for the People’s Liberation ONA: Oficina Nacional Antidrogas- National Anti-drugs Office OVCS: Observatorio Venezolano de Conflictividad Social- Venezuelan Observatory on Social Conflicts PNB: Policía Nacional Bolivariana- Bolivarian National Police PRAN: Preso Rematado, Asesino Nato - topped off prisoner, born killer (in Venezuelan prison slang, PRAN is used by interns to refer to the prison’s leaders). PROVEA: Programa Venezolano de Educación-Acción en Derechos Humanos- Venezuelan Program for Education and Action in Human Rights PSUV: Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela- United Socialist Party of Venezuela REDI: Región Estratégica de Defensa Integral- Strategic Defense Region SAIME: Servicio Administrativo de Identificación, Migración y Extranjería- Identification and Migration Service SEBIN: Servicio Bolivariano de Inteligencia Nacional- Bolivarian National Intelligence Service TSJ: Tribunal Supremo de Justicia- Supreme Tribunal ZODI: Zona Operativa de Defensa Integral- Strategic Defense Operational Zone 5 I. Rationale The purpose of this
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