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Terrestrial Ecology Impact Assessment Wandoan Coal Project, MLA area and surrounds Terrestrial ecology impact assessment November, 2008 Wandoan Joint Venture Parsons Brinckerhoff Australia Pty Limited ABN 80 078 004 798 Level 4, Northbank Plaza 69 Ann Street Brisbane QLD 4000 GPO Box 2907 Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia Telephone +61 7 3854 6200 Facsimile +61 7 3854 6500 Email [email protected] NCSI Certified Quality System ISO 9001 2133006C-RPT028-C:pm Wandoan Coal Project MLA area and surrounds Terrestrial ecology impact assessment Contents Page Number Acronyms .....................................................................................................................................................v Executive summary....................................................................................................................................vi 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Context and scope of this assessment 1 1.3 Project details and study area 6 2. Relevant legislation .............................................................................................................................9 2.1 Commonwealth assessment framework 9 2.2 State assessment framework 10 2.2.1 State Development and Public Works Organisation Act 1971 Act (SDPWO act) 10 2.2.2 Mineral Resources Act 1989 11 2.2.3 Integrated Planning Act 1997 11 2.2.4 Environmental Protection Act 1994 12 2.2.5 Nature Conservation Act 1992 12 2.2.6 Vegetation Management Act 1999 13 2.2.7 Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002 15 3. Methods ..............................................................................................................................................16 3.1 Contributors and qualifications 16 3.2 Nomenclature 17 3.2.1 Flora 17 3.2.2 Fauna 17 3.3 Literature and database review 17 3.4 Field surveys 20 3.4.1 Survey weather conditions 20 3.4.2 Terrestrial flora 21 3.5 Terrestrial vertebrate fauna 25 3.5.1 Fauna habitat assessment 25 3.5.2 Fauna survey techniques 25 3.5.3 Summary of terrestrial vertebrate fauna survey effort 28 3.6 Likelihood of occurrence assessment 29 3.7 Impact assessments 29 3.7.1 Commonwealth listed communities and species 30 3.7.2 State listed communities and species 30 3.8 Limitations 30 4. Existing environment ........................................................................................................................32 4.1 Regional context 32 4.2 Drainage lines 32 4.3 Lithology and land zones 32 4.4 Regional ecosystems 34 4.4.1 Inconsistencies in RE mapping 50 4.5 Species of plant 51 4.6 Fauna habitats 51 4.6.1 Eucalypt woodlands 52 4.6.2 Non-eucalypt woodlands (including Brigalow) 53 4.6.3 Riparian areas 53 4.6.4 Cleared land 54 4.6.5 Wetland (natural and artificial) 54 4.7 Corridors and connectivity 55 4.8 Species of animal 56 4.8.1 Mammals 57 4.8.2 Birds 58 4.8.3 Frogs 59 4.8.4 Reptiles 59 2133006C-RPT028-C:pm Page i PB Wandoan Coal Project MLA area and surrounds Terrestrial ecology impact assessment Contents (continued) Page Number 5. Threatened biodiversity and other significant matters .................................................................60 5.1 Matters of National Environmental Significance 60 5.1.1 Threatened ecological communities 60 5.1.2 Threatened species 61 5.1.3 Migratory species 64 5.1.4 World heritage properties 64 5.1.5 Ramsar wetlands 65 5.2 Matters of State significance 65 5.2.1 Endangered and Of Concern Regional Ecosystems 65 5.2.2 Threatened flora of State significance 66 5.2.3 Threatened fauna of State significance 66 5.3 Matters of regional significance 67 5.3.1 Biodiversity Planning Assessment (BPA) 67 5.3.2 Priority taxa 67 5.3.3 Essential habitat mapping 70 5.3.4 State wildlife corridors 71 5.3.5 Other regionally significant species 71 6. Potential impacts ...............................................................................................................................72 6.1 Loss of vegetation and habitats (land clearance) 72 6.2 Creek diversions 75 6.3 Habitat fragmentation and barrier effects 75 6.3.1 Barrier effects 76 6.3.2 Genetic isolation 76 6.3.3 Edge effects 76 6.4 Mortality 77 6.5 Weeds and pest species 77 6.6 Noise and dust 78 6.7 CO2 and climate change 78 6.8 Cumulative impacts 79 7. Mitigation measures ..........................................................................................................................80 7.1 Avoiding environmental impacts 80 7.2 Management of the mitigation process 80 7.3 Vegetation and habitat loss 83 7.4 Revegetation and rehabilitation 83 7.5 Mortality 85 7.6 Monitoring 86 7.7 Further survey 86 8. Significance of impacts.....................................................................................................................87 9. Residual impacts and offsets...........................................................................................................89 9.1 Offsets 89 10. Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................92 References .................................................................................................................................................94 Glossary .....................................................................................................................................................99 Glossary .....................................................................................................................................................99 2133006C-RPT028-C:pm Page ii PB Wandoan Coal Project MLA area and surrounds Terrestrial ecology impact assessment Contents (continued) Page Number List of tables Table 3-1: Contributors and their roles 16 Table 3-2: Literature and database review 18 Table 3-3: Summary of flora survey effort 21 Table 3-4: Summary of fauna survey effort 28 Table 4-1: Geological formation and corresponding land zone 34 Table 4-2: Field verified regional ecosystems within the study area 37 Table 4-3: Declared plants recorded in the study area 51 Table 4-4: Fauna habitats and EPA RE correspondence 52 Table 4-5: Summary of species of terrestrial fauna identified in the study area 56 Table 4-6: Summary of terrestrial fauna diversity associated with broad habitat types 57 Table 5-1: EPBC Act listed threatened species predicted to occur in the study area 61 Table 5-2: Endangered or of concern REs in the study area 65 Table 5-3: Threatened species of animal predicted to occur within the study area 66 Table 5-4: Brigalow Belt South priority taxa fauna 69 Table 6-1: RE’s and their extent in the three MLA areas and potential clearing due to proposed pits and associated infrastructure 73 Table 6-2: Pest animals recorded in the study area 78 Table 7-1: Summary of mitigation measures 81 Table 8-1: Summary of threatened biodiversity for which significance assessments were undertaken and their likelihood of being significantly affected by the Project 87 List of figures Figure 1-1: Project location 2 Figure 1-2: Study Area 3 Figure 3-1: Location of terrestrial survey effort 22 Figure 4-1: Lithology 33 Figure 4-2: Regional ecosystems and non-remnant vegetation in the study area 35 Figure 4-3: Vegetation Management Act status of Regional ecosystems in the study area 36 Figure 5-1: Threatened species and ecological communities recorded in the study area 63 Figure 5-2: Biodiversity Planning Assessment and State wildlife corridors within the study area 68 List of photos Photo 4-1: RE 11.3.2 - Eucalyptus populnea woodland on alluvial plains 38 Photo 4-2: RE 11.3.25 - Eucalyptus tereticornis open forest to woodland fringing drainage lines 39 Photo 4-3: Vegetation representative of non-remnant semi-evergreen vine thicket on sedimentary rocks (analogous to RE 11.9.4) 41 Photo 4-4: Vegetation representative of non-remnant Acacia harpophylla open forest on fine- grained sedimentary rocks (RE 11.9.5) 43 Photo 4-5: Vegetation representative of Acacia melvillei +/- Acacia harpophylla open forest on fine-grained sedimentary rocks (analogous to RE 11.9.6) 44 Photo 4-6: Vegetation representative of Eucalyptus populnea shrubby woodland on fine-grained sedimentary rocks (analogous to RE 11.9.7) 45 Photo 4-7: Vegetation representative of Acacia harpophylla, Eucalyptus populnea woodland on alluvial plains (RE 11.9.10) 47 Photo 4-8: Vegetation representative of Callitris glaucophylla woodland on coarse-grained sedimentary soils (RE 11.10.9) 49 Photo 4-9: Cleared vegetation including retained Queensland Bottle Tree 50 2133006C-RPT028-C:pm Page iii PB Wandoan Coal Project MLA area and surrounds Terrestrial ecology impact assessment Contents (continued) Page Number List of attachments Attachment A Weather conditions during field surveys Attachment B Database search results – flora Attachment C Database search results – fauna Attachment D Fauna survey effort Attachment E Flora survey results and 1:10,000 mapping of REs and non-remnant vegetation Attachment F Fauna habitat and survey results Attachment G Rare, threatened and other significant flora Attachment H Rare, threatened and other significant fauna Attachment I Impact assessments Attachment J Matters of National Environmental Significance – Summary 2133006C-RPT028-C:pm Page iv PB Wandoan Coal Project MLA area and surrounds Terrestrial ecology impact assessment Acronyms Acronym Definition CHPP Coal Handling Preparation Plant CoG Coordinator-General DEWHA The
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