DOCSLIB.ORG

Submitted by SONGPHAN SINGKAEW As Requirement for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy for the London School of Economics and Political Science University of London, 1991

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Submitted by SONGPHAN SINGKAEW As Requirement for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy for the London School of Economics and Political Science University of London, 1991 POLICY OPTIONS FOR HEALTH INSURANCE IN THAILAND submitted by SONGPHAN SINGKAEW as requirement for the degree Doctor of Philosophy for the London School of Economics and Political Science University of London, 1991. UMI Number: U042967 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U042967 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 *r.3.((£fO«363>9 ABSTRACT This study explores the policy options for health insurance in Thailand, considering the present structure of the country and taking account of international experiences. The development of health insurance in Thailand is analysed from the supply side i.e. health services. The problem of inefficiency and inequity in the health care system has led to the search for better alternatives for organizing and financing. This coincides with the overall growth in the country's socio-economic situation and the policy of health insurance laid down in the Sixth Five Year Health Development Plan (1987-1991). These factors provide positive conditions for establishing health insurance in Thailand. The demand for health insurance from employers who are likely to join the scheme is investigated. A survey of 200 private establishments in Thailand was conducted. This investigation provides essential national baseline data for the organization of health insurance, particularly on the health care fringe benefits provided by employers, and the methods of paying health care providers. Methods of organizing health insurance are formulated from international experience. The historical development of voluntary health insurance and its modified forms, as well as that of compulsory health insurance, are examined. The arguments for and against each form of health insurance are analysed. The study also highlights salient issues of health care reforms which attract the world's attention. International experience has shown that methods of paying providers is a major issue in providing viable health insurance. The study comprehensively analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each method of paying the doctor and the hospital under health insurance systems. Finally, it explores the policy options for the future development of national health insurance in Thailand. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................... 1 LIST OF TABLES.................................... 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS............................. 10 INTRODUCTION...................................... 11 PART ONE: A SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THAILAND 17 Chapter 1. GENERAL COUNTRY INFORMATION................ 18 2. HEALTH CARE SYSTEM.......................... 51 3. HEALTH CARE FINANCING ...................... 75 4. HEALTH INSURANCE SYSTEM..................... 105 5. THE SURVEY OF HEALTH BENEFITS.............. 153 6. COST OF HEALTH BENEFITS.................... 204 PART TWO: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE 256 7. FORMS OF HEALTH INSURANCE.................. 257 8. PAYING THE DOCTOR........................... 316 9. PAYING THE HOSPITAL......................... 354 POLICY OPTIONS FOR HEALTH INSURANCE IN THAILAND 393 BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................... 431 Appendix 1. MAP OF THAILAND............................. 449 2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY....................... 450 3. QUESTIONNAIRES............................. 473 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author expresses her greatest gratitude to Professor Dr. Brian Abel-Smith for his continuous support, stimulated feedback, and determined guidance throughout the preparation of this thesis. Gratitude goes particularly towards Dr. Damrong Boonyoen for his valuable support from the beginning and throughout the study. The author is also grateful to Professor Dr. Thienchay Kiranandina of Chulalongkorn University f>r his thoughtful criticism on an early version of the survey results. Discussion with Dr. Supachai Kunaratanapruk and his criticism on an early draft of a particular chapter, was also a great help. For the final revision of the thesis, the author gives her gratitute to Andrew Green and Dr. Anne Mills for their constructive criticism. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office Section of the British Council is thanked for giving the author financial support throughout her time in England and for allowing a short study visit to The Netherlands. The World Health Organisation is acknowledged for financing the field research carried out in Thailand, in 1988. Thanks also go to the Health Planning Division of The Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, for giving study leave from 1987 to 1991 to pursue these studies at the London School of Economics. Appreciation also goes to Kobkul Lertkasat for retrieving data on industrial relations, and Lily Ingsrisawang and her friend for computing the survey data collected. For arranging meetings with establishment owners outside of Bangkok, thanks go to the provincial Health Planning Officers of the provinces surveyed. Special word for thanks is owed to Dr. Suwit Wibulpolprasert for his support before and during the course of the field study. Friends in the Health Planning Division, to name a few; Nuananun Tantigate, Wanpen Sukhotanung, Ngamjit Jandarasatit, Sumaporn Saelim, Burarak Kaewnooch, and the interviewers, are thanked for their contributions in the field research. The author is also indebted to Porntip Ngamkasem, Sukanya Pattarawimon, Orasa Kowinta, Pat Kasikam, Dr. Somsak Chunharas, Dr. Sanugan Nittayarampong, Dr. Petsri Sirinirund, Dr. Apinan Aramrat, Dr. Kamnuan Ungchusak, Dr. Porntep Sirivanarungsun, Krongkarn and Seksan Singkaew, Sangud Tansittipat and others who have not been specifically named for furnishing the author with valuable materials during the course of writing this document. Michael Franks receives the author's special thanks for his invaluable help in computer technical matters and for enthusiastically reading and making grammatical corrections to the manuscript. Bernice Gummer also receives the author's thanks for her grammatical corrections to the manuscript. The author is indebted to Dr. Supasit Pannarunothai for his invaluable help with further statistical analysis for the final revision and printing of the thesis. Finally, the author alone is responsible for all remaining errors. 1 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1.1 The number and average population size of each administrative level in Thailand........... 22 1.2 GDP, GDP per capita and Growth rate of GDP, 1970-1989 ................................. 28 1.3 The income distribution accruing to quintile groups of household ranked by total household income, 1975/6, 1980/1 and 1985/6.......... 29 1.4 Characteristics of the Thai population, 1947-80. 32 1.5 Trend of death from non-communicable diseases and communicable diseases, 1981-85.......... 36 1.6 Comparing the ten leading causes of death in 1985 between the two sources of data....... 37 1.7 Major causes of death in urban and rural populations, 1985.......................... 38 1.8 Estimated crude death rate and infant mortality rate............................. 40 1.9 Morbidity rate of the six leading groups of illnesses in Thailand, according to out-patient reports, 1987.................. 42 1.10 Per cent and morbidity rate of in-patients by ten major causes of disease, 1983-4........ 43 1.11 Incidence rate of the top ten leading causes of illness per month, 1985................. 44 1.12 Prevalent rate of illness or injury, and hospitalization in Thailand, 1985.......... 45 1.13 Episodes of illness and hospitalization per person per year by region of usual residence, 1985............................ 46 1.14 Age - sex differences in episodes of illness or injury, and episodes of hospital admission in Thailand, 1985................ 47 1.15 The occupational differences in the prevalent rate of illness or injury of persons aged 10 years and over, per month.............. 48 2 Health care facilities in Thailand, 1989-90.... 61 Health care facilities in Thailand, classified by administrative level, 1989.............. 62 The number of total beds in Thailand, 1987.... 64 The population per bed by region, 1987........ 64 Number of traditional medicine facilities in Thailand, 1989............................. 67 The number of health personnel completing training by educational institution, 1988... 70 Number and percentage of health manpower in Thailand, 1986............................. 71 Regional distribution of health personnel in Thailand, 1986............................. 72 Population per one health personnel by region, 1986....................................... 73 Expenditure on health expenses and health services................................... 76 Total public expenditure and total expenditure on health.................................. 77 Percentage of health service expenditure in Thailand by sources of finance............. 78 Sources of government revenue, fiscal year 1983-6..................................... 80 Public expenditure on health, 1978-87......... 81 MOPH expenditure as a percentage of total public expenditure, public expenditure on health,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • I-San Lower Northeast Phanom Rung Historical Park Nakhon Ratchasima • Buri Ram • Surin • Ubon Ratchathani Yasothon • Si Sa Ket • Chaiyaphum • Amnat Charoen Contents
    I-San Lower Northeast Phanom Rung Historical Park Nakhon Ratchasima • Buri Ram • Surin • Ubon Ratchathani Yasothon • Si sa Ket • Chaiyaphum • Amnat Charoen Contents Nakhon Ratchasima 12 Yasothon 36 Buri Ram 22 Si Sa Ket 40 Surin 26 Chaiyaphum 46 Ubon Ratchathani 30 Amnat Charoen 50 Bangkok Sam Phan Bok Pa Hin Ngam National Park 10 11 Northeast Thailand, or I-san as it is called in Thai, covers roughly one-third of the Kingdom’s land area, and for ease of travellers’ orientation it is best divided into upper and lower regions. All of the Northeast is exceptional in its rural landscapes, history and folk culture, while the upper and lower regions have their own distinct attractions, the latter most notably has the finest Khmer ruins to be seen in Thailand, as well as towns and villages with individual character and sights. Namtok Heo Suwat, Nakhon Ratchasima Phrathat Kong Khao Noi, Yasothon I-San Lower Northeast Thailand as its most traditional, friendly, charming, and endlessly fascinating. From tranquil villages to awesome temple ruins, it’s a world of discovery. 12 13 Gateway to the Lower Northeast is Nakhon Ratchasima, also known as Khorat. This is I-san’s largest province, covering an area of 20,494 sq. km., with the provincial capital of the same name located 259 km. northeast of Bangkok. The city has since ancient times been a key administrative centre and remains the main transportation hub and economic heart of the Lower Northeast. Historic importance is witnessed in a number of superb ancient Khmer ruins, while scenically the province is rich in nature’s bounty with forests, hills, and waterfalls, the best scenery being preserved and readily accessible in Khao Yai National Park.
    [Show full text]
  • Notification of the Central Committee on the Price of Goods and Services No
    Notification of the Central Committee on the Price of Goods and Services No. 4, B.E. 2560 (2017) Regarding Control of Transport of Paddy, Rice ------------------------------------ Whereas the Central Committee on the Price of Goods and Services has repealed the Notification of the Central Committee on the Price of Goods and Services No. 1, B.E. 2559 (2016) regarding Determination of Goods and Services under Control dated 21 January B.E. 2559 ( 2016) , resulting in the end of enforcement of the Notification of the Central Committee on the Price of Goods and Services No. 4, B.E. 2559 (2016) regarding Control of Transport of Paddy, Rice dated 25 January B.E. 2559 (2016). In the meantime, the Central Committee on the Price of Goods and Services has already reconsidered the exercise of its power regarding the stipulation of the aforesaid measure, it is of the view that the measure of the control of transport of paddy, rice should be maintained in order to bring about the fairness of price, quantity and the maintenance of stability of the rice market system within the Kingdom. By virtue of Section 9 (2) and Section 25 (4), (7) of the Price of Goods and Services Act, B.E. 2542 ( 1999) , the Central Committee on the Price of Goods and Services has therefore issued this Notification, as follows. Article 1. This Notification shall come into force in all areas of the Kingdom for the period of one year as from the day following the date of its publication.1 Article 2. In this Notification, “rice” means rice, pieces of rice, broken-milled rice.
    [Show full text]
  • Bangkok-Chiang Mai HSR Project (672 Km)
    4-year Performance The Ministry of Transport (MOT) under my leadership has been striving to enhance the quality of life through improved transportation systems. The MOT is developing transport networks across the country to provide multimodal interconnection for safer and more convenient travel and boosting economic activities. In this pursuit, the MOT proposed the eight-year These infrastructure schemes aim to facilitate rapid Thailand’s Transport Infrastructure Development Strategy and convenient mobility, improve living conditions and boost (2015-2022) to define the framework for development of Thailand’s competitiveness. The projects will help to unlock transport networks in five aspects, namely intercity railway national economic potential and forge better connectivity in networks, public transit systems for addressing traffic the region. I have emphasized that all responsible agencies issues, highway networks for providing links between major must operate with great efficiency and transparency and that production bases and with neighboring countries, water the fiscal budget should be allocated fairly and regularly as transport systems, and aviation enhancement. planned. General Prayut Chan-o-cha Prime Minister 2 -year Performance of Ministry of Transport 4For Happiness of Thai People In line with the Prime Minister’s policies, the Ministry of Transport (MOT) has been implementing infrastructure development to make Thailand a leading member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). This has included the development of land, rail, water and aviation systems at domestic and cross-border levels to facilitate safe, convenient and inclusive transport and logistical measures generally. This will help to enhance incomes, contentment and quality of life for the Thai people as well as empower national economic competitiveness and upgrade Thailand into a regional transport hub.
    [Show full text]
  • EN Cover AR TCRB 2018 OL
    Vision and Mission The Thai Credit Retail Bank Public Company Limited Vision Thai Credit is passionate about growing our customer’s business and improving customer’s life by providing unique and innovative micro financial services Mission Be the best financial service provider to our micro segment customers nationwide Help building knowledge and discipline in “Financial Literacy” to all our customers Create a passionate organisation that is proud of what we do Create shareholders’ value and respect stakeholders’ interest Core Value T C R B L I Team Spirit Credibility Result Oriented Best Service Leadership Integrity The Thai Credit Retail Bank Public Company Limited 2 Financial Highlight Loans Non-Performing Loans (Million Baht) (Million Baht) 50,000 3,000 102% 99% 94% 40,000 93% 2,000 44,770 94% 2,552 2,142 2018 2018 2017 30,000 39,498 Consolidated The Bank 1,000 34,284 1,514 20,000 Financial Position (Million Baht) 1,028 27,834 Total Assets 50,034 50,130 45,230 826 23,051 500 Loans 44,770 44,770 39,498 10,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 2,379 2,379 1,983 - - Non-Performing Loans (Net NPLs) 1,218 1,218 979 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Non-Performing Loans (Gross NPLs) 2,552 2,552 2,142 LLR / NPLs (%) Liabilities 43,757 43,853 39,728 Deposits 42,037 42,133 37,877 Total Capital Fund to Risk Assets Net Interest Margin (NIMs) Equity 6,277 6,277 5,502 Statement of Profit and Loss (Million Baht) 20% 10% Interest Income 4,951 4,951 3,952 16.42% 15.87% Interest Expenses 901 901 806 15.13% 8% 13.78% 15% 13.80% Net Interest
    [Show full text]
  • วารสารการบริหารท้องถิ่น ปีที่ 10 ฉบับที่ 3 (กรกฎาคม-กันยายน 2560) 1 รายนามผูทรงคุณวุฒใิ นการพิจารณาบทความ (Peer Reviewers) ที่เผยแพรในวารสารการบริหารทองถิ่น
    วารสารการบริหารท้องถิ่น ปีที่ 10 ฉบับที่ 3 (กรกฎาคม-กันยายน 2560) 1 รายนามผูทรงคุณวุฒใิ นการพิจารณาบทความ (Peer Reviewers) ที่เผยแพรในวารสารการบริหารทองถิ่น รศ. ดร. สุกัญญา เอมอิ่มธรรม มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแกน รศ. ดร. สุวรี ฤกษจ ารี มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแกน ดร. วิษณุ สุมิตสวรรค มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแกน ผศ. ดร. ศิวัช ศรีโภคางกุล มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแกน ดร. กฤชวรรธน โลหวัชรนิ ทร มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแกน ศ. ดร. กาญจนา เงารังษี มหาวิทยาลัยนเรศวร รศ. ดร. อรรณพ พงษวาท มหาวิทยาลัยเชยี งใหม รศ. ดร. ศรุดา สมพอง มหาวิทยาลัยรามคาํ แหง ดร. หควณ ชูเพ็ญ นักวิชาการอิสระ ดร. กัลยา แซอั้ง มหาวิทยาลัยศรีนครินทรวิโรฒ รศ. ดร. สมเกียรติ สายธนู มหาวิทยาลัยราชภฎั ลําปาง ผศ. ดร. ไตรรงค สวัสดิกุล มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม ผศ. ดร. วินัย ผลเจริญ มหาวิทยาลยั มหาสารคาม ผศ. ดร. อลงกรณ อรรคแสง มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม ดร. ไชยณรงค เศรษฐเชื้อ มหาวิทยาลยั มหาสารคาม รศ. ธีรชัย บญุ มาธรรม มหาวิทยาลัยราชภฎั มหาสารคาม ดร. ประเทือง มวงออน มหาวิทยาลัยอุบลราชธานี ดร. ฐิตพิ ล ภักดวี านิช มหาวิทยาลัยอุบลราชธาน ี ดร. จันทรา ธนะวัฒนาวงศ มหาวิทยาลัยอุบลราชธานี ผศ. ดร. อรทัย เลียงจินดาถาวร มหาวิทยาลัยราชภฏั อุบลราชธาน ี ดร. สิริภาพรรณ ลี้ภยั เจริญ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภฏั อุบลราชธาน ี ดร. ผกาวดี พรรณจิตวณา มหาวิทยาลัยรามคําแหง รศ. ดร. อัชกรณ วงศปรีดี สถาบันบัณฑิตพัฒนบริหารศาสตร ผศ. ดร. ปนกนก วงศป นเพ็ชร มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกลาพระนครเหนือ ผศ. ดร. ธนศักดิ์ สายจําปา มหาวิทยาลัยสโุ ขทัยธรรมาธิราช ผศ. ดร. โอฬาร ถิ่นบางเตยี ว มหาวิทยาลัยบูรพา ดร. จักรชัย สื่อประเสริฐสิทธิ์ มหาวิทยาลัยบูรพา ดร. กาญจนา บญุ ยัง มหาวิทยาลัยบูรพา ผศ. ดร. ชนิษฎา ชูสุข มหาวิทยาลยั สงขลานครินทร ผศ. ดร. กตัญู แกวหานาม มหาวิทยาลัยกาฬสินธุ วารสารการบริหารท้องถิ่น
    [Show full text]
  • The Durian Guide
    The Durian Tourist’s Guide THAILAND Lindsay Gasik The Durian Tourist’s Guide (to) Thailand. Copyright © 2014 by Lindsay Gasik. All rights reserved. Printed in a State of Faith in International Durian Love and the Worldwide Web. All parts of this book, unless otherwise noted are the property of Lindsay Gasik, who requests parties wishing to reproduce or publish any part of this book receive written permission by emailing [email protected]. Donations joyfully accepted at www.yearofthedurian.com. This book was designed to provide information to those wishing to travel in Thailand to eat durian and as well as enhancing the durian experience through education. Many thanks to Elango Velautham of the Singapore Botanical Garden for use of the photo of D. griffithii and to Salma Idris of the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institution for the use of the photo of D. lowianus. All maps compliments of © OpenStreetMap contributors. If you have further questions, don’t hesitate to contact us at [email protected]. Start Here How to Use this Guidebook Introduction Introducing Thailand and its Durian When to go Where to go Durian Festivals Durian Basics A Short History of Durian in Thailand Traditional Durian Cuisine Thailand’s Durian Varieties Durian Field Guide Other Durian Species Durian Production Areas Durian Season Guide Durian Practicalities Budgeting for Durian Selecting The Perfect Durian Durian Etiquette Useful Words and Phrases Health, Safety, and Pesticides Thailand Travel Tips Getting There Getting Around Finding A Place To Stay Being Green Our Favorite Thailand Travel Resources Regional Guides Central Region: Bangkok and Around Bangkok Nonthaburi Thonburi Samut Prakan Kanchanaburi Nakhon Nayok Prachinburi The East Chanthaburi Rayong Trat Koh Chang The North Utarradit Sukhothai Sisaket The South Chumphon Surat Thani Koh Samui and Koh Phangan Nakhon Si Thammarat Phuket and Phang-Nga Yala and Narathiwat Acknowledgments References Start Here To eat Durians is a new sensation worth a voyage to the East to experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Khmer Temples of Northeast Thailand: a Proposed Plan
    KHMER TEMPLES OF NORTHEAST THAILAND: A PROPOSED PLAN FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT By Thirachaya Maneenetr A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism (International Program) Graduate School SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY 2007 KHMER TEMPLES OF NORTHEAST THAILAND: A PROPOSED PLAN FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT By Thirachaya Maneenetr A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism (International Program) Graduate School SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY 2007 The Graduate school, Silpakorn University has approved and accredited the Thesis title of “Khmer Temples of Northeast Thailand: A Proposed Plan for Tourism Development” submitted by Ms.Thirachaya Maneenetr as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism. …………….……………………………………… (Associate Professor Sirichai Chinatangkul, Ph.D.) Dean of Graduate School …………/…………./…………. The Thesis Advisor Professor William R. Chapman, D.Phil. The Thesis Examination Committee …………………………………………………. Chairman (Professor Emeritus Trungjai Buranasomphob, Ph.D.) ………….…/……….……./……….……. …………………………………………………. Member (Professor William R. Chapman, D.Phil.) ……………/……………./………………. …………………………………………………. Member (Assist.Prof. Piboon Jinawath, Ph.D.) ……………/……………./………………. b 47056951: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM KEY WORDS: CULTURAL HERITAGE, CULTURAL TOURISM, TOURISM
    [Show full text]
  • Lower Northeast I-San
    I-San Lower Northeast Nakhon Ratchasima Buri Ram Surin Ubon Ratchathani Yasothon Si Sa Ket Chaiyaphum Amnat Charoen Contents Nakhon Ratchasima 12 Yasothon 36 Buri Ram 22 Si Sa Ket 40 Surin 26 Chaiyaphum 46 Ubon Ratchathani 30 Amnat Charoen 50 Loei 222 Nakhonakho Phanomm UUddono Thani 22 203 22 210 210 2 NNoongn Bua LamL Phu SakonSa Nakhonakh n 223 227 Lao PDR 201 12 228 213 12 212 MukdahanMukM d Mekong River Chaiyaphumaiyaphum Amnamnamna Chulabhon Dam g Yasothonon BanBa Thaen Phetchabun Khon KaeK n Kalasin UbonUUbbono Ratchh 209 Nakhhonon RRatchasimaa Phu Khiao Wildlifee ReReserveve Phu Khiaohiao Si Saa KeK t PhuP ThamTh m Phra PhuPhu Sa S DDokokok Bua Nong Phok Burrir Ram Surin 208 213 NatiNational PaParkrkk Namtok Tat Mok 214 Kaset SombunSo Loeng Nokok TTha 201 ChanumaC n Thaiai CharoenC 113 Mahaha Sarakhamrrak 212 KhemaratK Nong Bua Daeng RoiRo EEtt 229 Senangkhanikhom Tat Ton 23 Kut Chum 21 NationalN Park Kaeng Khroroo Wat Tham 202 PhraP Mongkhong Na Tan Phu LLaen KhaKha National Park Sai Mun Saeng Phet Pathumathu Khonon Sawan 219 Ming Mueang RatchawongsaRa w Sai Thong Natationali na Park Yassoothonth Pa Tio Nong Bua Rawe ChaiyaphumChaiyiyaph m Bann Si ThaThan Phakdkdi ChumphonC Phrathat Lue Amnat AmnatA Chaharor en 207 Kongng KhaoKh Noi Pho Sai Waeng Noi 214 Hua Taphanph Phana Kut KhaopunKha Ch Ban Khwao Na PhoP 215 i River Kham Khueanan KaeKaeoo Kaeng SanamSanam NangNaan Bua Lai Trakan Phuet Phon Namtokok Saengg ChanC 201 202 Ban Mai Chaiyaphotiy 202 Wat Phraa LaoLa Thep Nimimiit Pa Hin Ngamm Chatturat Pha Taem Ban Lueam BuaB Yai
    [Show full text]
  • 159 Care Management for the Elderly Hardship by Public Health Organization
    159 Care Management for the Elderly Hardship by Public Health Organization Kriengsak Thamma-Aphiphol Researcher (Senior Professional Level), ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University Dr. Supattra Srivanichakorn Senior Expert, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Assist. Prof. Dr. Jutatip Sillabutra Lecturer, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University Kawinarat Suthisukon Researcher, ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University Received: May, 15 2017 Accepted: June 16, 2017 Abstract This paper aims to study the roles of Public Health Organization related to care management for the elderly hardship including problem analysis and provide recommendations on care management for the elderly hardship in 10 provinces of Thailand. Quantitative data are collected from selected 4,561 elderlies and another 152 by focus group and in-depth interview with public health officers and elderly during December 2012 to April 2013. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The study result shows that the evidence of Public Health Organization on Care Management for the Elderly Hardship can be divided into 2 levels; a policy level which is undertaken by provincial and district public health office, and an implementation level which is undertaken by hospital and primary care unit. The latter plays a role in exploring and supporting the development of primary care-oriented training for community, disseminating information on health education, setting up and coordinating community health networks. The study also found that most of problems are the limitation of manpower, workload and lack of personnels skills and knowledge, collaborative working with other organizations, inputs, and good cooperation from the elderly and communities.
    [Show full text]
  • ศาลหลักเมือง Sisaket Is Local in the Part of Northern East of Thailand
    ศาลหลักเมือง Sisaket is local in the part of northern east of Thailand. In the north direction reached with Roi – ed province. The south direction reached with Combodia. The east direction reached with Ubonratchatani province. And the west direction reached with Surin province. This province had a total are about 8,839.97 square – kilometers. The population had been used native ethnical language are Suier Khmer Loas and Yuier. Sisaket ศรีสะเกษเป็นจังหวัดที่มีประวัติความเป็นมายาวนาน เป็นชุมชนที่มีอารยธรรม province had 4 ethnical natives group are Suier Khmer Loas and Yuier, รุ่งเรืองมานับพันปี นับตั้งแต่สมัยขอมเรืองอ�านาจ ศรีสะเกษเดิมเรียกกันว่า เมืองขุขันธ์ These group have been cultivated in diversity culture and tradition for age. เมืองเก่าตั้งอยู่บริเวณบ้านปราสาทสี่เหลี่ยมดงล�าดวน ต�าบลดวนใหญ่ (อ�าเภอวังหิน Sisaket Province divided into Muang , Kantalalom , Kantalaluk , ในปัจจุบัน) ได้รับการยกฐานะในสมัยกรุงศรีอยุธยา โดยมีหลวงแก้วสุวรรณ ซึ่งได้รับ Phrangkhu , Utompornpisai , Khu – kan Rasisalai , Prai – boueng , Yangchum บรรดาศักดิ์เป็นพระยาไกรภักดีเป็นเจ้าเมืองคนแรก ล่วงถึงสมัยรัชกาลที่ ๕ ได้ย้ายเมือง – noi , Kun – han , Non – khun , Huy – tabtan , Srirattana , Boung – boon , ขุขันธ์มาอยู่ที่บ้านเมืองเก่า ต�าบลเมืองเหนือ (อ�าเภอเมืองศรีสะเกษในปัจจุบัน) แต่ยัง Namkleang , wang – hin , Phu – sing , Benjhalak , Pha – u , Muang – chan คงใช้ชื่อเดิมว่าเมืองขุขันธ์ จนถึง พ.ศ. ๒๔๘๑ จึงเปลี่ยนเป็นจังหวัดศรีสะเกษตั้งแต่นั้นมา , Phosrisuwan and Silalad district. จังหวัดศรีสะเกษ ตั้งอยู่ในภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือของประเทศไทย ทิศเหนือ ติดกับจังหวัดร้อยเอ็ด
    [Show full text]
  • List of Biogas Projects No
    List of Biogas Projects No. Project Company Capacity Location ESA IEE-SD Public (MW) Hearing Wastewater treatment with Biogas System in a Starch Plant for Energy 1 Sima Inter Product Co.,Ltd. 1.8 Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province - l l and Environment Conservation in Nakorn Ratchasima Wastewater Treatment with Biogas System (AFFR) in a Starch Plant Phanom Sarakham District, Chachoengsao 2 Sima Inter Product Co.,Ltd. - - l l for Energy & Environment Conservation at Chachoengsao Province Natural Palm Oil Company Limited – 1 MW Electricity Generation and 3 The Natural Palm Co.,Ltd. 1 Phrasaeng District, Surat Thani Province - l l Biogas Plant Project 4 Northeastern Starch (1987) CO.,Ltd. -- LPG Fuel Switching Project North Eastern Starch (1987) Co.,Ltd. 1 Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province - l l Nong Bua Farm & Country Home Village 5 Ratchaburi Farms Biogas Project at Nong Bua Farm 1.38 Pak Tho District, Ratchaburi Province - l l Co.,Ltd. 6 Ratchaburi Farms Biogas Project at Veerachai Farm V.C.F. Group Co., Ltd, Virachai farm. 0.95 Pak Tho District, Ratchaburi Province - - - 7 Ratchaburi Farms Biogas Project at SPM Farm S.P.M. Feedmill Co.,Ltd. 0.48 Pak Tho District, Ratchaburi Province - - - Wastewater Treatment with Biogas Technology in a Tapioca Nong Hua Rat Sub District, Nong Bun Mak 8 P.V.D. International Co.,Ltd. 2.8 - l l Processing Plant at P.V.D. International Company Limited, Thailand District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province Wastewater Treatment with Biogas Technology in a Tapioca 9 Roi Et Flour Co.,Ltd. 1.4 Phon Thong District, Roi Et Province - l l Processing Plant at Roi Et Flour Company Limited, Thailand CYY Biopower Wastewater treatment plant including biogas reuse for Kham Thale So District, Nakhon Ratchasima 10 CYY Bio Power Co.,Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Helminthiases in Thailand Border Regions Show Elevated
    Adisakwattana et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:416 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04290-0 Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Clinical helminthiases in Thailand border regions show elevated prevalence levels using qPCR diagnostics combined with traditional microscopic methods Poom Adisakwattana1*, Tippayarat Yoonuan1, Orawan Phuphisut1, Akkarin Poodeepiyasawat1, Nirundorn Homsuwan1, Catherine A. Gordon2, Donald P. McManus2, Louise E. Atkinson3, Angela Mousley3 and Geofrey N. Gobert3* Abstract Background: Under-regulated national borders in Southeast Asia represent potential regions for enhanced parasitic helminth transmission and present barriers to helminthiasis disease control. Methods: Three Thailand border regions close to Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia were surveyed for clinical parasitic helminth disease. In-feld microscopy was performed on stools from 567 individuals. Sub-samples were transported to Bangkok for molecular analysis comprising three multiplex qPCR assays. Results: The overall helminth infection prevalence was 17.99% as assessed by Kato-Katz and 24.51% by qPCR. The combined prevalence of the two methods was 28.57%; the most predominant species detected were Opisthorchis viverrini (18.34%), hookworm (6.88%; Ancylostoma spp. and Necator americanus), Ascaris lumbricoides (2.29%) and Trichuris trichiura (1.76%). Conclusions: These data demonstrate the value of molecular diagnostics for determining more precise prevalence levels of helminthiases in Southeast Asia. Availability of such accurate prevalence information
    [Show full text]