On the Flood Forecasting at the Bulgarian Part Of
BALWOIS 2004 Ohrid, FY Republic of Macedonia, 25-29 May 2004 THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLIMATICAL, PSYHICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS GENERATING FLOODS IN THE SMALL HIDROLOGICAL BASINS LOCATED IN THE WESTERN PART OF THE CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS Felicia POPOVICI NATIONAL INSTITUT OF HIDROLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT Bucharest, Romania Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the influence of the climatic, physical and geographical factors (precipitations, geology, soil, vegetation, anthropogenic impact) to the maximum discharge, factors who generate the floods in small basins situated in the west part of Oriental Carpathians, Romania. For the period of study (1975 – 2000), is very important to analyse: - the maximum discharge which are produced; - the more important elements of floods; - the characteristics of the precipitations and runoff coefficients which are produced in the basins considered.(Gurghiu, Tarnave, Sovata, Bistra , Hodos, Homorodul Mare si Homorodul Mic, Rastolita.) Tables and graphics are coming to illustrate with accuracy the relationships between the characteristics of the rainfalls and geographical conditions of the main floods produced in these basins. The reason of these analyse is to determine useful parameters for the prediction and forecast of the floods in small basins, because these basins have a high speed reaction to the inputs elements (precipitations and its characteristics). Geological conditions From the paleo-geographical evolution standpoint, the studied zone is characterized by a late magmatism manifested along the great transversal fault Oas – Tusnad, since Miocene to Pleistocene. The most intense and recent volcanic activity has been recorded in the Caliman-Harghita area. The eruptions occurred within the inferior Pliocene-Pleistocene cycle, when the volcanic structures erected.
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