Smart Fields and Wells

Alexander N. Eremin, Anton N. Eremin, Nikolai A. Eremin

SMART FIELDS AND WELLS

A Textbook

Publishing Center of Kazakh-British Technical University (KBTU) JSC

Almaty

2013

Александр Николаевич Еремин, Антон Николаевич Еремин, Николай Александрович Еремин

УМНЫЕ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ И СКВАЖИНЫ

Учебное пособие

Издательский центр АО «Казахстанско- Британский Технический Университет»

Алматы

2013 Al.N. Eremin, An.N. Eremin, N.A. Eremin

SMART FIELDS AND WELLS

A Textbook

Approved by the Educational - Methodical Council of Kazakh-British Technical University (KBTU) JSC/Protocol No… dated October 2013 as a textbook for the students, undergraduates and doctorates of the engineering- technical specialties of the discipline "Oil and Gas Business".

Publishing Center of Kazakh-British Technical University (KBTU) JSC

Almaty

2013 Еремин Ал. Н., Еремин Ан. Н., Еремин Н.А.

УМНЫЕ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ И СКВАЖИНЫ

Учебное пособие

Рекомендовано к изданию Учебно-методическим советом АО «Казахстанско-Британский технический университет» (протокол № 4 от 22.10.2013) в качестве учебного пособия для студентов магистрантов и докторантов инженерно-технических специальностей дисциплины «Нефтегазовое дело»

Издательский центр АО «Казахстанско- Британский Технический Университет»

Алматы

2013 УДК 622.1/.2 (075.8) ББК 33.36я73 Е66

Рекомендовано к изданию Учебно-методическим советом АО «Казахстанско- Британский технический университет» (протокол № 4 от 22.10.2013)

Alexander N. Eremin

Е66 Smart Fields and wells: A textbook (in English)/ Alexander N. Eremin, Anton N. Eremin, Nikolai A. Eremin. – Almaty: “Kazakh-British Technical University” JSC, 2013. - 344 p.: ill.

ISBN 978-601-269-053-8

The textbook is dedicated to the issues of the innovative development of the oil and gas fields: the smart oil and gas company, the smart oil and gas field, the smart well. The examples of the implementation of the artificial intelligence to the smart fields of the first and second generations are given. The design of the smart production and the injection wells; the inflow and injectivity control devices are described. The modern techniques of the control of the exploration, the drilling, the development and the operation in real time are presented. The main features of the revolution in science and technology in the development of hydrocarbon resources of the World Oceans are given: the creation of underwater fiber-optic grids for the collection and the transmission of the offshore field metadata; the development of the second generation of the smart fields and wells, the standardization of the metadata in the drilling, the oil and gas production, the use of a new generation of the high-performance computing systems and the database management of the geological and field metadata. For the students, the undergraduates and the doctorates of the engineering- technical specialties of the discipline "Oil and Gas Business", for the engineering and technical workers of the oil and gas industry.

Reviewers:

Doctor of Sciences, Professor of Kazakh –British Technical University (KBTU) JSC Davlet Mukhamedzhanovich Sheikh-Ali (Tynyshpayev) PhD, Professor, chief of the chair “Exploitation and Maintenance of oil and gas fields”, KazNTU named after K.I.Satpayev, Talgat Albayevitch Ensenbayev

This publication is the property of "Kazakh-British Technical University "JSC and its reproduction (play) by any means are prohibited without the consent of the University.

УДК 622.1/.2 (075.8) ББК 33.36я73

ISBN 978-601-269-053-8 © Ерѐмин Ал.Н., Ерѐмин Ан.Н., Ерѐмин Н.А., 2013 © АО «Казахстанско-Британский технический университет», 2013 © Аязбаева Зарина, оформление и дизайн учебного пособия, 2013

УДК 622.1/.2 (075.8) ББК 33.36я73 Е66

Ерѐмин Ал. Н. Е66 Умные месторождения и скважины: Учеб. пособие (на английском языке)/ Ал. Н. Ерѐмин, Ан. Н. Ерѐмин, Н. А. Ерѐмин – Алматы: АО «Казахстанско-Британский технический университет». – 344 с.: ил.

ISBN 978-601-269-053-8

Данное учебное пособие посвящено вопросам современной разработки нефтяных и газовых месторождений: умная нефтегазовая компания, умное нефтегазовое месторождение, умная скважина. Рассмотрены примеры реализации элементов систем искусственного интеллекта на умных месторождениях первого и второго поколений. Описаны конструкции умных добывающих и нагнетательных скважин, устройств контроля притока и приемистости. Описаны современные методы управления процессами поиска, разведки, бурения, разработки и эксплуатации в режиме реального времени. Приведены основные особенности революции в науке и технике при освоении углеводородных богатств Мирового океана: создание подводных оптоволоконных решеток для сбора и передачи метаданных с морских промыслов; разработка второго поколения «умных» скважин и месторождений; стандартизация данных в бурении, добыча углеводородов; использование новой генерации высокопроизводительных вычислительных комплексов и систем управления базами геолого-промысловых метаданных. Для студентов, магистрантов и докторантов инженерно-технических специальностей дисциплины «Нефтегазовое дело», для инженерно-технических работников нефтяной и газовой промышленности.

Рецензенты: доктор техн. наук, профессор АО «Казахстанско-Британский технический университет» Давлет Мухамеджанович Шейх-Али (Тынышпаев) профессор, заведующий кафедрой «Эксплуатация и обслуживание месторождений нефти и газа», КазНТУ им. К.И. Сатпаева, Талгат Аблаевич Енсепбаев

Данное издание является собственностью АО «Казахстанско-Британский технический университет» и его репродуцирование (воспроизведение) любыми способами без согласия университета запрещается.

УДК 622.1/.2 (075.8) ББК 33.36я73

Introduction

The textbook “Smart Fields and Wells” is based on the courses of lectures given to the students:

 Kazakh-British Technical University (KBTU) JSC – “Production Technology” (2011-13 yy.) and “Offshore Field Development” (2013 y.);

 Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas – “The Management of the Development of Smart Fields” (2010 – 13 yy.)

 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT, Russian State University) – ”The Technologies of the Management in Real Time” (2012-3 yy.) The textbook is directed towards BSc, MSc and PhD students specializing in the application of the technologies of the management of the development of oil and gas fields in real-time. The objective of the textbook is to give a basic understanding and knowledge of the innovative technologies of the offshore oil and gas fields, smart fields and wells of the first and second generations. The textbook gives the students the insights into the fundamentals of the developing offshore and onshore smart oil fields and wells of the first and second generations and acquaints them with the scope of work associated with the operations of the smart oil and gas wells in real time. The contents of the textbook include the conceptual design, specifics of the exploration, the reservoir and production engineering for the offshore field development, platforms and subsea solution concepts, offshore pipelines and subsea processing facilities, the petroleum legislation, the project economics, the risk and decision making. The textbook gives the students a thorough understanding of the scope of work associated with the development of offshore oil and gas field. Key objectives of this textbook are:

. Give the student a broad overview of the scope of work associated with the development of smart oil and gas field and wells

. Give the students specifics of exploration, drilling, reservoir and production engineering of smart fields in real time

. Acquaint the students with the types of the first generation of smart fields and wells (2002 - 2012 yy.), including the integrated development systems, the processing facilities, and the infield gathering and transportation of hydrocarbons

. Acquaint the students with the basics of petroleum environmental system in real time

. Give the students an extended overview on the project design of smart fields, stages in decision making associated with the project design, the computer simulation and the project execution in real time

. Enable the students to estimate the necessary measures for the implementation of the information and communication technologies in new and old fields

. Give the students the understanding of the control centers of exploration, drilling, development, operation of oil and gas fields in real time.

The following topics are discussed:

. Smart industrial complex and Smart oil company in chapter 1;

. Conceptual and system design of the smart oil and gas fields in chapter 2;

. Smart Field Automation basics, ICT: measurement, sensor, and fiber optic sensors in chapter 3;

. Specifics of the integrated reservoir modeling and the simulation of the smart oil and gas fields in chapter 4;

. Petroleum Exploration in Real Time in chapter 5;

. Drilling in real time in chapter 6;

. Basics of Smart production and injection wells in chapter 7;

. Smart Field Development in chapter 8;

. Reservoir and Well Robotics in chapter 9;

. Smart and Integrated Operations, Smart Well management and operations in chapter 10;

. Smart Oil and Gas Treatment in chapter 11;

. Smart Oil and Gas Infield Transport in chapter 12;

. Ecomonitoring in Real Time in chapter 13;

. Smart Asset Operations, Risk assessment and decision analysis in chapter 14;

. POSC’ standards for oil and gas data - WITSML, PRODML, RESQML in chapter 15;

. Big Data problem in smart fields of first and second generations, High Performance computer in Real Time, 3D Real – time performance manager, Database Management System in Real Time in chapter 16.

Examples of ongoing smart field projects and wells deployed in different geographical areas, technology challenges and future opportunities are discussed in the textbook. The authors are grateful to the students of Kazakh-British Technical University (KBTU) JSC, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT, Russian State University) who prepared the course papers on the lectures in the years 2010-3. The materials of those term papers enriched the content of a number of the chapters in the textbook. We wish to thank the management and the Faculty of Energy and the oil and gas industry of KBTU – Z.A. Bekmuhametova, B.S. Arymbekov, S.Z. Kabdulov, S.S. Usupov; the faculty of exploitation and development of oil and gas fields of Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas –I.T. Mishchenko, A.B. Zolotukhin, L.N. Nazarova, M. A. Mokhov, Yu.A. Sazonov, the Department of Radio Engineering and Cybernetics of Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT, Russian State University) – S.N. Garichev, V.A. Astapenko, N.N. Shchelkunov, A.M. Markeev, S.N. Kolonkov who showed an interest and encouraged the implementation of this textbook, as well as peer reviewers - professors D.M. Sheikh Ali, (Tynyshpayev) and T.A. Ensepbaev.

The authors express their deep gratitude to the OGRI RAS Academician A. Dmitrievsky for the choice of the directions and the support in the research studies in the field of oil and gas smart technologies that are included in the part of the materials in this textbook. Special thanks to L.M. Voevodina for her help in translating and editing of the textbook in English.

Chapter 1. Smart oil & gas company

Abstract

Modern oil and gas company must represent a system of production, preparation, processing and meeting the market demand for oil, gas and petroleum products in real time. The tasks of such a "smart" oil and gas company are: the integration of technological and information cycles, lower operating costs and capital costs due to the real time operations, further enhancing of the operating efficiency in order to achieve the recovery rates by the end of the period of the development of oil fields and gas recovery in gas fields. In the oil companies with a well-implemented technology the "smart fields" of the business processes will be carried out in coordination with different functional areas and even possibly with different territorial areas, which will enable the management to compare them. In this case, the organization may be represented as a General service center.

Keywords: Real time mode, Concept of "sustainable development";vertically integrated companies; real-time management; smart oil and gas company; digital oil and gas company (DOGC); "Complex" fields; transputer technology; synergy of ocean and space development; parallel neurocomputers; HPC technologies; “sustainable development” concept, Real Time Centers.

Main chapter themes

Basic concepts. The main problems of oil and gas industry. The main direction of the oil and gas industry development in the near future. Smart Oil and Gas Company. The modern revolution in science and technology in the development of the World Ocean resources. A comparative analysis of the revolutions in science and technology in Space Exploration (1950s) and the development of hydrocarbon resources of the World Ocean (2010s). Oil and gas company in real time. Evolution of oil and gas company. Synergy of oil and gas company management in real time. Factors determining the choice of control 13 technology in real-time. Hierarchical levels of oil and gas company management. Advantages and disadvantages of control centers and oil and gas companies in real time. Integrated approach to the management of the operations in the oil and gas company. The main goals and objectives. The main feature of the integrated oil and gas company. The main objectives of the "smart oil and gas company" controlled in real time. Levels of management of smart oil and gas company. The main objectives of the ideal information and communication systems of oil and gas company. Goals and objectives of the remote control and optimization of production shown by the example of Shell. Introduction

Oil and gas companies seek to improve the management of the development of their reserves in order to maximize the return to meet all the growing needs including those in real-time. Oil and gas industry must improve not only technological, but production and information and communication processes as well to meet the long-term growth in demand for energy resources. Oil and gas companies are trying to follow the concept of the "sustainable development." From the economic point of view, the concept of sustainable development is based on the understanding that in the current economic system the income actually received today is not really an income, if the same one cannot be obtained tomorrow in the same economic system. The optimal use of the limited natural resources is based on it. In this case the innovative development is an integral and essential part of the sustainable development. A modern oil and gas company must represent a system of production, preparation, processing and meeting the market demand for oil, gas and petroleum products in real time. The tasks of such a "smart" oil and gas company are: the integration of technological and information cycles, lower operating costs and capital costs due to the operations in real time, further enhancing of the operating efficiency in order to achieve the recovery rates by the end of the period of the development of oil fields and gas recovery in gas fields. Oil and gas companies, in which the management is performed in real time, follow the way of the evolution of management, vertical integration and

14 optimization of all the processes. This requires a powerful information and communication system. The general direction of innovative oil and gas development in the near future is the transformation of the oil and gas complex into a new mode of control in real time: the collection of geological field data sensors across the entire technological chain of oil and gas production and processing facilities, the creation of a management system of the meta volumes database in real time; the development of highly efficient computing systems (supercomputers) able to load, unload and process the meta volume data in real time. In the first sub section we’ll consider the trend of the development tendency of the mining and processing industry and the fact that in the near future the oilfields possessing a number of specific features are going to be developed have.

1.1. Smart Industrial Complex

Trends in the development of the producing and processing industry indicate that in the near future mainly "hard" and remote territories will be developed, and as well mineral deposits which have a number of problematic physic - geographic, climatic and natural conditions, and other important features including the remoteness of the territory and difficult natural conditions, complex geological and geophysical conditions, shortage of energy and man resources, lack of human resources and qualified staff, complex and insufficiently developed transport infrastructure, increased danger and other conditions unable to control the real time system directly. To achieve the economic efficiency of the development of such facilities there is a serious need for fully-automated, maximum «deserted» industries with the elements of "artificial intelligence" - "smart" industrial complexes (SIC). This requires the creation of computer models of complicated industrial complexes, intellectual control systems of technological, power and transportation manufacturing processes using embedded systems, SCADA, MES technologies and their integration in the unified technological platform for applying in CAD/CAE and PLM systems. The concept for creating a multi-level control system for the mining and metallurgical industrial complex, which analyzes three control levels: the 1st level – is the use of

15 program–controlled microsystems, microcontrollers and programmable logical controllers (PLC, «on-a chip», etc) for the ongoing monitoring and control of the equipment, machines and mechanisms in the main technological processes; the 2nd level – is the use of intellectual integrated systems for technological process control SCADA and MES systems for the main simple-function productions (mine, process plant, hydrometallurgy, energy, transport and warehousing). The 3rd level is the use of the EPR integrated intellectual information systems for strategic and operating control of manufacturing complexes as a whole.

1.2. Smart Oil Company

Oil industry is undergoing significant changes. The main current problems facing these enterprises in the industry are: the increasing demand for energy. The increase in the population of the Earth, the growth of the world economy (per person) and the demand for transportation and movement, cause an increase in energy demand. The increased demand requires oil companies to increase production both in the existing and in the new “complex” oil and gas fields. Operation of "complex" fields. Oil companies claim that the easily accessible oil reserves in the world are almost gone. Most of the large oil fields are in operation since the 1960-70 years, so that their working capacity in the past twenty years has decreased significantly. As the "easy" oil and gas reserves are becoming more and more scarce, the oil companies feel the need to develop unconventional resources in the more complex operating environments. The unconventional resources include heavy oil, oil and gas in ultra-deep water, tar sands and shale hydrocarbons. - "Replacing the team”. The labor force in the oil industry is decreasing, both in terms of numbers and in terms of knowledge and experience. In western sources this phenomenon is often referred to as «The Big crew change» - team replacement. The industry is facing difficulties in attracting talented young professionals. In this case a large number of experienced professionals are leaving the oil and gas industry, and the number of the coming graduates are reduced, which results in a large gap in the transmission of experience. This gap is partly due to large-scale layoffs, which the oil companies was conducted in 1980.

In the traditional centers of oil and gas production (Russia, USA, Canada, UK, Norway) there is developing a serious demographic situation as in the next 10- 15 years the generation of highly qualified specialists and scientists retire, without a new generation replacement. At the same time, there are regions (China, India), where oil and gas production is inconsiderable, but the release of young professionals is increasing rapidly. The main problem for the oil and gas companies in the coming years will continue to be a strong need for highly qualified personnel. Because of the low price of oil and gas during the crisis of 2008-2010 years, many leading companies have drastically reduced staff and the costs of research. Currently, there is a tendency to strengthen the national companies and to weaken the role of international companies, which in the future will be available for only costly hydrocarbon reserves, the development of which will be associated with high capital and operating costs, including the costs of environmental protection. The international service companies are beginning to wage a serious struggle for the possession of the staff, who owns the key technical skills and knowledge. The information technologies, telecommunications infrastructure will play an important role in providing the instruments for cooperation and communication, so necessary for the introduction of the digital technology. DOGC minimizes the problems associated with the location of hydrocarbon deposits, distance and time. The problems facing the staff in the remote areas can be resolved by the experts in the headquarters, which are located many thousands of miles away from the place where the problems arose. Quick access to the information allows the company to take highly technical solutions on time and accurately. In DOGC the interaction between different segments of the company's management who are responsible for the rise in the value of its assets is improving and the contacts with government agencies, universities and research institutes are intensifying. Control limits extend from the regional office (or an offshore platform or drilling) to the sensors located on the underground or surface equipment, and to the mobile workers, equipped with modern technology and communications. The web of fiber-optic and satellite communications links the staff, the field data and

17 processes into a single system worldwide. Oil and gas companies, in which the control is carried out in real time, follow the path of the evolution of management, vertical integration and optimization of all the processes. This requires a strong information and communication system (ICS). The tasks of the ideal information and communication system are: to handle database of 4D seismic of up to petabytes in monitoring the development process; to make it easier for each specialist to store, organize, access, and analyze much of the data in real time; to be completely automatic at the instrumental level (sensors, transmitters, to be auto installed, auto monitored. To create the new and expand the old data warehouse with complex applications quickly and inexpensively; to store and to manipulate not only the data, but the logic of decision-making; to visualize the processes in real time. The main components of the information space are: access to the information that involves an instant access to the relevant information in the right place and at the right time. It contributes to the solution of the actual management tasks, namely, locating the problem area, the locations of core resources; the creation of a team of specialists will enable to overcome the bureaucratic barriers in the organization of the company: Co-ordination of efforts. The teams must have the necessary tools and technologies that can support the effective coordination of the oil and gas company; The access to telecommunication resources. The teams must have the telecommunication resources for the interaction and data exchange; Motivational factors. The current state of the oil and gas industry is based on rich developments and technologies of the past years. The real time access and exchange in the database of technical knowledge and technologies will contribute to the further development of science and technology of oil and gas; The heterogeneity of the application the simultaneous access of many specialists to the same data will generate a lot of diverse and effective solutions to the new technical issues or problems; the transformation and professionalism. The asset value at the company is based on the team's ability to interpret the information correctly to model, and to evaluate the environmental impact and the financial position of the company.

It’s necessary to evaluate correctly the scale of the transformation to the digital technology with requires to study the following: the geography and location of the main HC recovery regions and the way they can be integrated; the organizational interface; the organizational processes; the information and data; the technical culture and what new technical facilities and technologies are required to the introduced into production and what must be done to create the atmosphere of confidence and cooperation. Unifying the communication media (audio and video, mobile, and video communications, computers, etc.) requires an intellectual communication system that will maintain and improve the management of the company worldwide. The intellectual communication provides an opportunity for close interaction between the experts and improves the exchange of views in real time. Requires the development of systems to prevent technological accidents on offshore platforms, well pads, gathering systems and training products, development of remote monitoring and control fields in real time.

1.2 Synergetic of ocean and space development

The modern scientific and technological revolution (STR or Hi-Tech) is in the development of hydrocarbon resources of the oceans. According to the scale and significance of it is comparable to the STR during space exploration in the late 1950s. Tab. 1.1 shows the synergy of the development of the resources of the World Ocean and the conquest of space (according to [1] and the EC ESA workshop on innovation and technology within space exploration, 2010). NTR's of the 2010’s will determine the long-term trend of the oil and gas development and ensure the transmission of the oil and gas industry to a new level of technology. The most successful, innovative solutions in the field of marine technology and engineering of hydrocarbon production are widely implemented on the continental deposits of oil and gas. The compilation of the latest scientific and technical achievements in the field of offshore oil and gas recovery allows to formulate the general

19 direction of the innovative development of the oil and gas industry for the nearest perspective, namely to transfer it into the management mode in real time. In OGRI RAS under the leadership of academician Dmitrievsky A. N. is developing the technology platform "Resource and innovative model of oil and gas field in real time" within which a systematic approach to the introduction of domestic and foreign high technologies in the oil and gas industry. The technological Platform "Resource and innovative model of oil and gas fields of the real-time" is created in accordance with the decision of the Government Commission on High Technology and Innovation dated August 3, 2010 The implementation of this technological platform will create the necessary scientific and technical basis for the modernization of the oil and gas sector of the economy and the progress in all areas of production and processing of oil and gas. Russia is the second country in the world after the United States, with its own strategic ruler in the area of the integrated control systems in the real time oil and gas complex. The components of the strategic lines are: "smart" fields and wells, a private group of GLONASS satellites, fiber optic technologies for the collection and transmission of information, high-effective computing systems, unmanned management systems of complex objects (spaceships, "Buran", etc.). At the first hierarchical level control of oil and gas fields in real time (RTD) there is a system of sensors based on the optical technologies from the well bottom, gas gathering and treatment interfiled transport. The second level analyzes geological and field metadata; at the third level there is performed a performance optimization in the field and at the fourth level (if necessary) there may taken a decision concerning the transformation of the hydrocarbon production chain. There are several varieties of modes of managing oil and gas processes in real time: quarterly, monthly, daily, hourly, minute’s and even second. For example, the processes of drilling and well operations are controlled in every moment, and / or hourly mode. Compared to conventional methods in the management of oil and gas fields in real time there are dramatically reduced the overheads of resources, energy and labor time. All the stages of the development of hydrocarbons field (exploration, prospecting, drilling, development, and operation) are becoming more energy efficient and resource-saving. In particular, at the drilling stage there is

20 achieved economy of capital investments of about 5 -15% and operational cost - from 5 to 10%. For example, in the SPD fields (company Salym "Petroleum Development"), the average time of sinking wells to the depth of 2500 m is 8 days, which is significantly less than the average time of making holes with the same depth in the fields of Western Siberia is 20 days. By the 2012 year the number of the “smart” wells of the first generation exceeds 200. The leadership in owning of the “smart” oilfields among oil and gas companies belongs to such huge companies as BP, Exxon/Mobil, Chevron, Shell, SaudiAramco, Statoil and Petrobras. BP has announced the launch of two "smart" field of the second generation in the North Sea: Valhall and Skarv. The main difference of the second generation of "smart" fields from the first one is the implementation of a remote field development control of the offshore centers and the use of fiber-optic channels connecting the marine and coastal infrastructures. If in the Valhall field the amount of the remote-controlled operations is 40, then in the Skarv field it reaches 46. In the optic fiber the scattering can take place either on the material heterogeneities (Rayleigh scattering) or on the acoustic waves (scattering Mandelshtamma - Brillouin otherwise - Brillouin scattering) or molecular vibrations (Raman, otherwise - Raman scattering). The very fiber optic cable throughout is a continuous distributed sensor that can replace thousands of point sensors. In two of three fields of the second generation of the North Sea it is planned to establish the bottom fiber-optic arrays with the multiple fiber optic connections to the land fiber-optic lines. In the arrays the optical fiber cable gratings itself is a distributed sensor type, in which each part, such as in length of 50 cm, is a fiber optic sensor. The length of the optical fiber lines in each of the arrays will be from 2000 to 4000 km, so that the number of fiber optic sensors will reach 48 million. The total demand for the fiber optic cable for the infield grids of the monitoring system of the development processes in real time will reach 10-15% of world production. For the "smart" fields of the third generation the 1.52-fold the pack of the fiber antenna systems should be forecast. Till the year 2010, space information transfer systems were used to transfer geologic field data from offshore fields to the field development control. Since the year 2010, more often they began to build fiber-optic data transmission

21 systems because of the growth of the data obtained in the exploration and development. The data rate for "smart" field of the first generation usually amounted to 10 Gbit/s. The construction of the bottom antenna complexes will lead to an even greater amount of the prospecting data in the fields of the second generation - petabytes of the information generated at even shorter intervals. Their transmission is the so-called problem of BigData - «big data." To transfer an extremely large data volume the systems require the use of a higher data rate of 40 and possibly 100 Gbit/s. The unmanned underwater and surface hydrocarbon complexes can be widely used in the oil and gas provinces in the Arctic, Eastern Siberia and the Far East, where there is no infrastructure. The most popular systems for the unmanned production of hydrocarbons may be the second and third generation of "smart" fields. This will reduce the risks of human factors and improve the environmental safety. We refer to the "smart" fields in such projects as the Sahalin II and Salym group of fields. The "smart well" is the development of the technology that allows monitoring and control of the well and its status in real time through the use of the distributed sensors and at the mouth of the well, the bottom, the casi