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Subclase Hamamélidas
PLANTAS VASCULARES INGENIERIA EN RECURSOS NATURALE S Y MEDIO AMBIENTE SUBCLASE HAMAMÉLIDAS Con excepción de algunos taxa del O rden Urticales, en la Subclase Hamamélidas , las familias son típicamente leñosas (árboles y arbustos ) , con hojas bien desarrolladas (a excepción de las Casuarináceas , familia en la que son muy peque ñas y escamiformes), persistentes o caedizas . Las flores se caracterizan por ser reducidas, con frecuencia imperfectas , agrupadas en amentos en los grupos más avanzados y con perianto ausente o pobremente desarrollado. La polinización es anemófila . Los fr utos maduros contienen un solo óvulo. En general , poseen alto contenido de taninos como defensa química contra los herbívoros . Este grupo deriva probablemente de las Magnólidas primitivas . Esta subclase es la más pequeña de las Magnoliópsidas , posee unas 3.400 especies agrupadas en 11 órdenes y 24 familias. Se originó hace aproximadamente 100 millones de años en el C retácico inferior, como un grupo caracterizado por la polinización por viento y por la reducción floral. Hace 80 millones de años estaban b ien establecidas. Los principales Órdenes son: Hamamelidales, Juglandales, Urticales, Fagales y Casuarinales. Clave de los Órdenes que se estudian A. Ramificaciones de último orden no articuladas; con nomófilos normales B. Gineceo súpero. Árboles , arbustos o hierbas, con hojas simples no aromáticas O rden Urticales B’. Gineceo ínfero. Árboles con hojas pinnaticompuestas, aromáticas O rde n Juglandales A’ . Ramificaciones del último orden articuladas ; nomófilos reducidos a escamas, en v erticilos Orden Casuarinales ORDEN URTIC ALES Árboles, arbustos o hierbas. Hojas simples, alternas, estipuladas. Flor es pequeñas, generalmente imperfectas , monoclamídeas, vert icilo con 4 a 6 tépalos. -
Principles and Practice of Forest Landscape Restoration Case Studies from the Drylands of Latin America Edited by A.C
Principles and Practice of Forest Landscape Restoration Case studies from the drylands of Latin America Edited by A.C. Newton and N. Tejedor About IUCN IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. IUCN works on biodiversity, climate change, energy, human livelihoods and greening the world economy by supporting scientific research, managing field projects all over the world, and bringing governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice. IUCN is the world’s oldest and largest global environmental organization, with more than 1,000 government and NGO members and almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 countries. IUCN’s work is supported by over 1,000 staff in 60 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world. www.iucn.org Principles and Practice of Forest Landscape Restoration Case studies from the drylands of Latin America Principles and Practice of Forest Landscape Restoration Case studies from the drylands of Latin America Edited by A.C. Newton and N. Tejedor This book is dedicated to the memory of Margarito Sánchez Carrada, a student who worked on the research project described in these pages. The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or the European Commission concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Characterization of 11 Juglandaceae Gen O Types Based on Morphology
BREEDING, CULTIVARS, ROOTSTOCKS, & GERMPLASM RESOURCES HORTSCIENCE 38(6):1178–1183. 2003. genetic similarity of the component elements, can be of practical advantage. Our long term goal is to develop superior rootstocks for Jug- Characterization of 11 Juglandaceae lans trees for timber production. The fi rst step towards that goal was to infer phy lo ge net ic Gen o types Based on Morphology, relatedness between our accessions based on morphology, cpDNA, and RAPD analysis cpDNA, and RAPD presented in this study. 1 G. Orel Materials and Methods Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, South Penrith DC, NSW 1797, Accessions used (Table 1).Juglans nigra L. and J. olanchana Standl. et L.O. Williams are Australia from temperate and subtropical North Amer i ca, National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Mrs respectively, and J. neotropica Diels. and J. australis Griseb. from tropical and temperate Macquarie·s Road, Sydney NSW 2000, Aus tra lia South America. Juglans nigra is a well-identi- A.D. Marchant fi ed cultivated species, while the other three are new germplasm accessions. Juglans regia National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Mrs is of Eurasian origin; J. sigillata Dode and an Macquarie·s Road, Sydney NSW 2000, Aus tra lia undescribed species (“J. sp.”) from China, and J. ailantifolia Carr. from Japan. Engelhardia J.A. McLeod and G.D. Richards spicata Leschenault ex Blume is from Royal Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Botanic Gardens, Sydney, of Viet nam ese prov- Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, South Penrith DC, NSW 1797, enance. -
Morphological and Genetic Analysis of Embryo Specific Mutants in Maize
University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects January 2018 Morphological And Genetic Analysis Of Embryo Specific utM ants In Maize Dale Cletus Brunelle Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Recommended Citation Brunelle, Dale Cletus, "Morphological And Genetic Analysis Of Embryo Specific utM ants In Maize" (2018). Theses and Dissertations. 2392. https://commons.und.edu/theses/2392 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC ANALYSIS OF EMBRYO SPECIFIC MUTANTS IN MAIZE by Dale Cletus Brunelle Bachelor of Science, University of North Dakota, 2009 Master of Science, University of North Dakota, 2011 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Grand Forks, North Dakota December 2018 i PERMISSION Title- Morphological and Genetic Analysis of Embryo Specific Mutants in Maize Department Biology Degree Doctor of Philosophy In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised my dissertation work or, in his absence, by the Chairperson of the department or the dean of the School of Graduate Studies. -
Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships in the Walnut Family Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences and Secondary Structures(ITS2)
Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships in The Walnut Family Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences and Secondary Structures(ITS2) Zhongzhong Guo Tarim University Qiang Jin Tarim University Zhenkun Zhao Tarim University Wenjun Yu Tarim University Gen Li Tarim University Yunjiang Cheng Tarim University Cuiyun Wu Tarim University rui Zhang ( [email protected] ) Tarim University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4360-5179 Research Article Keywords: Base sequence, Evolution, Juglandaceae, Ribosomal spacer, Secondary structure Posted Date: May 13th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-501634/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/23 Abstract This study aims to investigate the phylogenetic relationships within the Juglandaceae family based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer's primary sequence and secondary structures (ITS2). Comparative analysis of 51 Juglandaceae species was performed across most of the dened seven genera. The results showed that the ITS2 secondary structure's folding pattern was highly conserved and congruent with the eukaryote model. Firstly, Neighbor-joining (N.J.) analysis recognized two subfamilies: Platycaryoideae and Engelhardioideae. The Platycaryoideae included the Platycaryeae (Platycarya+ (Carya+ Annamocarya)) and Juglandeae (Juglans-(Cyclocarya + Pterocarya)). The Engelhardioideae composed the (Engelhardia+Oreomunnea+Alfaroa)). The Rhoiptelea genus was generally regarded as an outgroup when inferring the phylogeny of Juglandaceae. However, it is clustered into the Juglandaceae family and showed a close relationship with the Platycaryoideae subfamily. Secondly, the folded 3-helices and 4-helices secondary structure of ITS2 were founded in the Juglandaceae family. Therefore, these ITS2 structures could be used as formal evidence to analyze Juglandaceae's phylogeny relationship. -
Development of the Embryo and the Young Seedling Stages of Orchids
Development of the Embryo II' L_ and the Young Seedling Stages of Orchids YVONNE VEYRET Until 1804, when Salisbury found that orchid seeds could germinate, the seeds were considered sterile. Much later, in 1889, Bernard's discovery of the special conditions necessary for their growth and development ex- plained the lack of success in previous attempts to obtain plantules, and the success, although mediocre, when sowing of seed took place at the foot of the mother plant. Knowing the rudimentary state of minute or- chid embryos, one can better understand that an exterior agent, usually a Rhizoctonia, can be useful in helping them through their first stages of development (Bernard, 1904). Orchid embryos, despite their rudimentary condition, present diverse pattems of development, the most apparent of which are concerned with the character of the suspensor; there are other basic patterns that are re- vealed in the course of the formation of the embryonic body. These char- acteristics have been used differently in the classification of orchid em- bryos. This will be discussed in the first part of this chapter, to which will be added our knowledge of other phenomena concerning the embryo, in particular polyembryonic and apomictic seed formation. The second part of this chapter is devoted to the development of the young embryo, a study necessary for understanding the evolution of the different zones of the embryonic mass. We will also examine the characteristics of the em- bryo whose morphology, biology, and development are specialized when compared to other plants. 3 /-y , I', 1 dT 1- , ,)i L 223 - * * C" :. -
Juglans Australis Griseb) ENLA LOCALIDAD DE GUERRERO, PROVINCIA DE JUJUY Tutor: Ing
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CÓRDOBA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Área de Consolidación Sistemas Agrícolas de Producción Intensivos TECNICAS DE MANEJO PARA MEJORAR LA PRODUCCION DE FRUTOS DE NOGAL CRIOLLO (Juglans australis Griseb) ENLA LOCALIDAD DE GUERRERO, PROVINCIA DE JUJUY Tutor: Ing. Agr. Raquel Rivata Autor: María Belén Tell INDICE DE CONTENIDOS INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................................... 5 CARACTERIZACION DE JUGLANS AUSTRALIS ......................................................................... 7 ORIGEN Y DISTRIBUCIÓN .......................................................................................................... 7 CARACTERÍSTICAS TAXONÓMICAS Y MORFOLÓGICAS .............................................................. 7 CONDICIONES AGROECOLOGICAS .......................................................................................... 11 Clima ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Temperaturas ......................................................................................................................... 11 Suelo ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Riego ...................................................................................................................................... 12 CARACTERIZACION DEL DEPARTAMENTO -
A Pattern of Unique Embryogenesis Occurring Via Apomixis in Carya Cathayensis
BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 56 (4): 620-627, 2012 DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0256-2 A pattern of unique embryogenesis occurring via apomixis in Carya cathayensis B. ZHANG1,2a, Z.J. WANG1a, S.H. JIN1a, G.H. XIA1, Y.J. HUANG1 and J.Q. HUANG1* School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, P.R. China1 Bureau of Agricultural Economics of Haiyan, Haiyan 314300, P.R. China2 Abstract Apomixis represents an alteration of classical sexual plant reproduction to produce seeds that have essentially clonal embryos. In this report, hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.), which is an important oil tree, is identified as a new apomictic species. The ovary has a chamber containing one ovule that is unitegmic and orthotropous. Embryological investigations indicated that the developmental pattern of embryo sac formation is typical polygonum-type. Zygote embryos were not found during numerous histological investigations, and the embryo originated from nucellar cells. Nucellar embryo initials were found both at the micropylar and chalazal ends of the embryo sac, but the mature embryo developed only at the nucellar beak region. The mass of the nucellar embryo initial at the nucellar beak region developed into a nucellar embryo or split into two nucellar proembryos. The later development of the nucellar embryo was similar to the zygotic embryo and progressed from globular embryo to heart-shape embryo and to cotyledon embryo. Additional key words: adventitious embryony, female gametophyte, hickory, nucellar embryo. Introduction The term apomixis was first introduced by Winkler 3) two gametophytic types diplospory and apospory (1908) to refer to the “substitution of sexual reproduction (Peggy 2006, Koltunow 1993). -
Descriptions of the Plant Types
APPENDIX A Descriptions of the plant types The plant life forms employed in the model are listed, with examples, in the main text (Table 2). They are described in this appendix in more detail, including environmental relations, physiognomic characters, prototypic and other characteristic taxa, and relevant literature. A list of the forms, with physiognomic characters, is included. Sources of vegetation data relevant to particular life forms are cited with the respective forms in the text of the appendix. General references, especially descriptions of regional vegetation, are listed by region at the end of the appendix. Plant form Plant size Leaf size Leaf (Stem) structure Trees (Broad-leaved) Evergreen I. Tropical Rainforest Trees (lowland. montane) tall, med. large-med. cor. 2. Tropical Evergreen Microphyll Trees medium small cor. 3. Tropical Evergreen Sclerophyll Trees med.-tall medium seier. 4. Temperate Broad-Evergreen Trees a. Warm-Temperate Evergreen med.-small med.-small seier. b. Mediterranean Evergreen med.-small small seier. c. Temperate Broad-Leaved Rainforest medium med.-Iarge scler. Deciduous 5. Raingreen Broad-Leaved Trees a. Monsoon mesomorphic (lowland. montane) medium med.-small mal. b. Woodland xeromorphic small-med. small mal. 6. Summergreen Broad-Leaved Trees a. typical-temperate mesophyllous medium medium mal. b. cool-summer microphyllous medium small mal. Trees (Narrow and needle-leaved) Evergreen 7. Tropical Linear-Leaved Trees tall-med. large cor. 8. Tropical Xeric Needle-Trees medium small-dwarf cor.-scler. 9. Temperate Rainforest Needle-Trees tall large-med. cor. 10. Temperate Needle-Leaved Trees a. Heliophilic Large-Needled medium large cor. b. Mediterranean med.-tall med.-dwarf cor.-scler. -
12.2% 122,000 135M Top 1% 154 4,800
We are IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 4,800 122,000 135M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors are among the 154 TOP 1% 12.2% Countries delivered to most cited scientists Contributors from top 500 universities Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI) Interested in publishing with us? Contact [email protected] Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com Chapter 2 Polyembryony in Maize: A Complex, Elusive, and Potentially Agronomical Useful Trait Mariela R. Michel, Marisol Cruz-Requena, MarielaMarselino R. Michel,C. Avendaño-Sanchez, Marisol Cruz-Requena, MarselinoVíctor M. González-Vazquez, C. Avendaño-Sanchez, VíctorAdriana M. C. González-Vazquez, Flores-Gallegos, AdrianaCristóbal C. N. Flores-Gallegos, Aguilar, José Espinoza-Velázquez Cristóbal N. Aguilar, and Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera José Espinoza-Velázquez and RaúlAdditional Rodríguez-Herrera information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.70549 Abstract Polyembryony (PE) is a rare phenomenon in cultivated plant species. Since nineteenth cen- tury, several reports have been published on PE in maize. Reports of multiple seedlings developing at embryonic level in laboratory and studies under greenhouse and field condi- tions have demonstrated the presence of PE in cultivated maize (Zea mays L.). Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge about this phenomenon; diverse genetic mechanisms controlling PE in maize have been proposed: Mendelian inheritance of a single gene, interaction between two genes and multiple genes are some of the proposed mechanisms. -
Update of Host Plant List of Anastrepha Fraterculus and Ceratitis Capitata in Argentina
Fruit Flies of Economic Importance: From Basic to Applied Knowledge Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance 10-15 September 2006, Salvador, Brazil pp. 207-225 Update of Host Plant List of Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata in Argentina Luis E. Oroño, Patricia Albornoz-Medina, Segundo Núñez-Campero, Guido A. Van Nieuwenhove, Laura P. Bezdjian, Cristina B. Martin, Pablo Schliserman & Sergio M. Ovruski Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología - CONICET, División Control Biológico de Plagas, Avda. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros s/nº, (T4001MVB) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina. ABSTRACT: The study displays a complete picture of the host range of the two economically important fruit fly species in Argentina, the nativeAnas- trepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (South American Fruit Fly) and the exotic Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Mediterranean Fruit Fly or Medfly). This work provides information on the fruit type of each plant species, associated tephritid species, habitat where the fruit was collected, geographical location of each fruit collection area (latitude, longitude, and altitude), phytogeographic regions where each area is located, as well as a general description of the landscape characteristics of those habitats where the fruit samples with fly larvae were collected. A complete, detailed bibliographic review was made in order to provide all the relevant information needed for host use in natural setting. Key Words: Medfly, South American fruit fly, ecology, habitats, fruit trees INTRODUCTION many countries. The number of host plants cited for A. fraterculus is approximately 80 Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (South species (Norrbom 2004), whereas for C. capi- American Fruit Fly) and Ceratitis capitata tata the number is higher than 300 species in (Wiedemann) (Mediterranean Fruit Fly or the world (Liquido et al. -
3406. MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY State Interior Quarantine
Section 3406. Mediterranean Fruit Fly Interior Quarantine A quarantine is established against the following pest, its hosts, and possible carriers: A. Pest. Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) of the family Tephritidae is a notorious pest of most fleshy fruit and many vegetables. The adult has banded wings and is smaller than a house fly. B. Area Under Quarantine. 1. An area shall be designated as under quarantine when survey results indicate an infestation is present, the Department has defined the infested area and the local California County Agricultural Commissioner(s) is notified and requests the quarantine area be established. The Department shall also provide electronic and/or written notification of the area designation(s) to other California County Agricultural Commissioners and other interested or affected parties and post the area description to its website at: www.cdfa.ca.gov/plant/medfly/regulation.html. An interested party may also go to the above website and elect to receive automatic notifications of any changes in quarantine areas through the list serve option. 2. If an area is not undergoing the sterile insect technique, an infestation is present when eggs, a larva, a pupa, a mated female or two or more male or unmated female Mediterranean fruit fly adults are detected within three miles of each other and within one life cycle. In an area undergoing sterile insect technique the criteria for an infestation are the same except a single mated female does not constitute an infestation but counts towards an adult for two or more. 3. The initial area under quarantine shall be a minimum of a 4.5 mile radius surrounding the qualifying detections being used as an epicenter.