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The Six Wives of King Henry Viii
THE SIX WIVES OF KING HENRY VIII Divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived! Ready for a trip back in time? Here at Nat Geo Kids, we’re travelling back to Tudor England in our Henry VIII wives feature. Hold onto your hats – and your heads! Henry VIII wives… 1. Catherine of Aragon Henry VIII’s first wife was Catherine of Aragon, daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. Eight years before her marriage to Henry in 1509, Catherine was in fact married to Henry’s older brother, Arthur, who died of sickness at just 15 years old. Together, Henry and Catherine had a daughter, Mary – but it was a son that Henry wanted. Frustrated that Catherine seemed unable to produce a male heir to the throne, Henry had their marriage annulled (cancelled) in 1533. But there’s more to the story – towards the end of their marriage, Henry fell in love with one of Catherine’s ladies-in-waiting (woman who assisted the queen) – Anne Boleyn… 2. Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn became Henry’s second wife after the pair married secretly in January 1533. By this time, Anne was pregnant with her first child to Henry, and by June 1533 she was crowned Queen of England. Together they had a daughter, Elizabeth – the future Queen Elizabeth I. But, still, it was a son – and future king of England – that Henry wanted. Frustrated, he believed his marriage was cursed and that Anne was to blame. And so, he turned his affections to one of Anne’s ladies-in-waiting, Jane Seymour. -
Anna of Cleves Birth and Death 1515 – July 16, 1557
Catherine of Aragon Birth and death December 15, 1485 – January 7, 1536 Marriage One: to Arthur (Henry’s older brother), November 14, 1501 (aged 15) Two: to Henry VIII, June 11, 1509 (aged 23) Children Mary, born February 18, 1516 (later Queen Mary I). Catherine also had two other children who died as infants, three stillborn children, and several miscarriages. Interests Religion, sewing, dancing, a bit more religion. Cause of death Probably a type of cancer. Remembered for… Her refusal to accept that her marriage was invalid; her faith; her dramatic speech to Henry when he had her brought to court to seek the annulment of their marriage. Did you know? While Henry fought in France in 1513, Catherine was regent during the Battle of Flodden; when James IV of Scotland was killed in the battle, Catherine wanted to send his body to Henry as a present. Anne Boleyn Birth and death c. 1501 – May 19, 1536 Marriage January 25, 1533 (aged 31) Children Elizabeth, born September 7, 1533 (later Queen Elizabeth I). Anne also had at least two miscarriages. Interests Fashion, dancing, flirtation, collecting evangelical works. Queen Links Lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon. Cause of death Executed on Tower Green, London. Remembered for… Headlessness; bringing about England’s break with the Pope; having a sixth fingernail. Did you know? Because she was fluent in French, Anne would have acted as a translator during the visit of Emperor Charles V to court in 1522. Jane Seymour Birth and death 1507 or 1508 – October 24, 1537 Marriage May 30, 1536 (aged 28 or 29) Children Edward, born October 12, 1537 (later King Edward VI). -
The Tower of London: 1066-1554 Significant Moments and Events in the Fortress’S History
Fact sheet for teachers The Tower of London: 1066-1554 Significant moments and events in the fortress’s history 1066 1540 William the Conqueror orders the construction of Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves. The marriage is Norman castles in London. annulled. Thomas Cromwell is imprisoned in the Tower, and then executed on Tower Hill. Henry VIII marries Catherine Howard. 1080s Work begins on the White Tower. 1541 Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, is executed in 13th century the Tower. Henry III and Edward I build the Medieval Palace and new walls and towers around the White Tower. 1542 Catherine Howard is executed in the Tower. 1485 Henry VII becomes king. 1543 Henry VIII marries his sixth wife Kateryn Parr. 1491 Henry VIII is born. 1545 Protestant Anne Askew is tortured at the Tower. 1509 Henry VII dies. Henry VIII becomes king and marries Katherine of Aragon. 1546 Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, and his father Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, are imprisoned in the Tower. Surrey 1533 is executed the following year on Tower Hill. Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn. Royal lodgings are built for her at the Tower. 1547 Henry VIII dies at Whitehall Palace. Kateryn Parr secretly 1534 marries Thomas Seymour, Jane Seymour’s brother. The Act of Supremacy is declared, recognising Henry VIII as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. 1548 Thomas Seymour is imprisoned in the Tower, and 1535 then beheaded on Tower Hill. Thomas More and John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, are imprisoned in the Tower and then executed on Tower Hill. 1553 Thomas Parr, brother of Kateryn Parr, is imprisoned in 1536 the Tower. -
Patriarchal Dynamics in Politics: How Anne Boleyn's Femininity Brought Her Power and Death
John Carroll University Carroll Collected Senior Honors Projects Theses, Essays, and Senior Honors Projects Spring 2018 Patriarchal Dynamics in Politics: How Anne Boleyn’s Femininity Brought her Power and Death Rebecca Ries-Roncalli John Carroll University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://collected.jcu.edu/honorspapers Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Ries-Roncalli, Rebecca, "Patriarchal Dynamics in Politics: How Anne Boleyn’s Femininity Brought her Power and Death" (2018). Senior Honors Projects. 111. https://collected.jcu.edu/honorspapers/111 This Honors Paper/Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Essays, and Senior Honors Projects at Carroll Collected. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of Carroll Collected. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Patriarchal Dynamics in Politics: How Anne Boleyn’s Femininity Brought her Power and Death Rebecca Ries-Roncalli Senior Honors Project May 2, 2018 Ries-Roncalli 1 I. Adding Dimension to an Elusive Character The figure of Anne Boleyn is one that looms large in history, controversial in her time and today. The second wife of King Henry VIII, she is most well-known for precipitating his break with the Catholic Church in order to marry her. Despite the tremendous efforts King Henry went to in order to marry Anne, a mere three years into their marriage, he sentenced her to death and immediately married another woman. Popular representations of her continue to exist, though most Anne Boleyns in modern depictions are figments of a cultural imagination.1 What is most telling about the way Anne is seen is not that there are so many opinions, but that throughout over 400 years of study, she remains an elusive character to pin down. -
Anne of Cleves
Anne of Cleves Anne of Cleves was Henry VIII’s fourth wife and Queen of England for six months in 1540. Early Life Anne was born in 1515 in Düsseldorf in the Holy Roman Empire, in what is now Germany. She was the second daughter of John III, Duke of Cleves, and his wife, Maria. She had two sisters, Sibylle and Amalia, and a brother, William. While not very well educated, Anne was skilled at needlework and enjoyed playing card games. She could read and write but only in her native German. Marriage to Henry VIII After the death of Henry VIII’s third Despite this, Henry and Anne were wife in 1537, Henry’s advisors began married on 6th January 1540 at the asking him to consider marrying again. Palace of Placentia in London. His chief minister, Thomas Cromwell, The marriage was not a happy one suggested Henry consider marrying a from the start, with Henry saying to lady from Cleves, a growing power in Cromwell the day after their wedding, Europe. He suggested either Anne or ‘I liked her before not well, but now I her younger sister, Amalia. In order like her much worse.’ Despite Henry’s to persuade Henry, the artist Hans dislike of Anne, she always praised Holbein the Younger was sent to their him as a kind husband to those she home to paint portraits of both ladies. spoke with. Henry found Anne’s portrait to be pleasing and gave permission for a marriage contract to be drawn up. Henry first met Anne in person privately on New Year’s Day 1540 at Rochester Abbey. -
Anne Boleyn: Whore Or Martyr?
Muhareb 1 Anne Boleyn: Whore or Martyr? An Individual’s Religious Beliefs Shaping the Perception of the Queen of England By Samia Muhareb Senior Thesis in History California State Polytechnic University, Pomona 9 June 2010 Grade: Advisor: Dr. Amanda Podany Muhareb 2 One of the most famous and influential English queen’s who altered society both politically and religiously was Anne Boleyn. The influence Anne Boleyn had on English society in the sixteenth century was summed up by historian Charles Beem, “our biggest enemy is terrorism…theirs was the Reformation. You can't overestimate how traumatic the changes in the church would have been. You might get close if you imagined that Monica Lewinsky had been a radical Islamist and Bill Clinton married her and made everyone convert.”1 Anne Boleyn was not the typical English Rose;2 she had an intense tempting quality that greatly attracted King Henry VIII. She was said to possess a delicate and attractive appearance, a vivacious personality, and exotic features since she was not brought up in the English court but rather the French to serve Queen Claude of France. To Henry, Anne symbolized the sophistication and charm of the French court he so earnestly desired.3 Anne Boleyn was the second wife of Henry VIII after his divorce from Katherine, a divorce that would revolutionize England as the country broke free from the Catholic Church and established the Church of England. Before King Henry VIII married Katherine of Aragon, Katherine was wedded to his elder brother Arthur in 1501. A year after their marriage, Arthur died; but the cause of death remains unknown. -
The Love Letters of Henry VIII to Anne Boleyn Sources of the Love That Changed England Forever
Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Scienze del Linguaggio [LM5-08] Tesi di Laurea The Love Letters of Henry VIII to Anne Boleyn Sources of the Love that changed England Forever Relatore Prof.ssa Marina Buzzoni Correlatore Prof. Marco Infurna Laureando Susi Bellinello Matricola 829025 Anno Accademico 2016 / 2017 Ai miei genitori: senza di loro tutto ciò non sarebbe stato possibile. A Denis, che continua ad essere il raggio di sole che in mezzo alla pioggia crea l’arcobaleno. A Valentina che, nonostante la distanza, mi è sempre stata vicina. A tutti quelli che non hanno mai creduto che questo giorno arrivasse. Questa è la mia vittoria. 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER I: HENRY AND ANNE: THE MOST HAPPY LOVE STORY THAT CHANGED HISTORY ............................................................................................................................... 12 I.1 Anne Boleyn: the woman who bewitched the heart of Henry VIII .............................. 12 I.1.2 Return to the English Court .................................................................................... 14 I.2 1527 - 1528: The Love Letters and the Great Matter .................................................... 17 I.3 1529: Two Queens for a Throne ................................................................................... 21 I.4 1530: Ainsi Sera, Groigne qui Groigne ........................................................................ 23 I.5 -
An Overlooked Connection of Anne Boleyn's Maid of Honour, Elizabeth Holland, with BL, King's MS. 9
An Overlooked Connection of Anne Boleyn’s Maid of Honour, Elizabeth Holland, with BL, King’s MS. 9 Sylwia Sobczak Zupanec During their courtship, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn passed love notes during mass in the royal chapel.1 These romantic notes were inscribed in an illuminated Book of Hours currently stored in the British Library (BL, King’s MS. 9).2 The King chose to put his note in French under the miniature of Christ as the Man of Sorrows kneeling before his tomb and wearing the crown of thorns: If you remember my love in your prayers as strongly as I adore you, I shall hardly be forgotten, for I am yours. Henry R. forever3 Fig. 1. 1. Henry VIII’s inscription in French, British Library, King’s MS. 9, f. 231v. 1 Eric Ives, The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn: ‘The Most Happy’ (Oxford, 2001), p. 6. 2 BL, King’s MS. 9. See: <https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=7991&CollID=19&NStart=9> (accessed 15-8-2016) 3 BL, King’s MS. 9, f. 231v. For original French inscription and its translation into English, see the British Library’s Online Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts at: <www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSI D=7991&CollID=19&NStart=9> 1 eBLJ 2017, Article 7 An overlooked connection of Anne Boleyn’s maid of honour, Elizabeth Holland, to the BL, King’s MS. 9 Anne reciprocated by inscribing a couplet in English under the miniature of the Annunciation, the angel Gabriel telling the Virgin Mary that she would bear a son: Be daly prove you shall me fynde To be to you both lovynge and kynde4 Fig. -
The Reformation in England
The Reformation The Left to right in England Edward VI and the Pope By an unknown artist, c.1575 In the early sixteenth century the people NPG 4165 Detail of the inset scene Reformation of England and Wales, like nearly all other showing the destruction European nations, practiced the Roman of religious sculpture Catholic faith. The birth of an independent Church of England was brought about partly The Early Reformation in England However, it was not until the accession of the as the result of the movement of religious boy king Edward VI that the English Protestant In England, the creation of an independent reform in continental Europe that we have Reformation touched the lives of the people national church was directly powered by political come to call the ‘Reformation’. Theologians of the realm more widely. Under a protectorate events. In 1527 Henry VIII attempted to obtain such as Martin Luther in Germany, and of Protestant nobles, significant religious reforms a divorce from Katherine of Aragon. When the Ulrich Zwingli and later John Calvin in were executed in the king’s name. A Book of Pope would not comply, Henry adopted a solution Switzerland, protested against what they Common Prayer was issued in English and over suggested by his advisor Thomas Cromwell that saw as abuses in the Roman Church the period 1547–1553 the structure of church he take the title of ‘Supreme Head of the English (hence the term ‘Protestant’). ceremonies was simplified. The appearance Church’. Monasteries were forcibly disbanded and of parish churches continued to be drastically images and shrines were destroyed (in attacks transformed; communion tables replaced altars, known as iconoclasm). -
Bryan Family History
BRIANIANA A BIOGRAPHICAL PEDIGREE BY EDWARD A. BRYAN About the middle of the sixteenth century, Sir Francis Bryan, Knight, rendered his government a rather curious service. In 1548 James Butler, ninth Earl of Ormonde, an Irish noble, whose powerful influence was obnoxious to the government at Dublin, died in London of poison. Thereupon his widow, Joan, daughter and heiress of James Fitz-Gerald, tenth Earl of Desmond, sought to marry her relative, Gerald Fitz-Gerald, heir of the fifteenth Earl of Desmond. To prevent this marriage, which would have united the leading representatives of the two chief Irish noble houses, Sir Francis was induced to prefer a suit to the lady himself. In 1548 he married the widowed countess, was shortly nominated Lord Marshal of Ireland, and arrived in Dublin with his wife in November 1548. This marriage united the scions of two royal houses, the one English, the other, Irish. Sir Francis Bryan was the son of Sir Thomas Bryan and Margaret, daughter of Sir Humphrey Bourchier, and sister of John Bourchier, Lord Berners. Sir Thomas Bryan was Knighted by Henry VII in 1497, was "knight of the body" at the opening of Henry VIII’s reign, and served repeatedly on the commission of the peace of Buckinghamshire, where the family property was settled. Sir Francis’ grandfather, Sir Thomas Bryan, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas from 1471 until his death in 1500, is believed to have been a descendant of Sir Guy de Bryan on Walwyn’s Castle, County Pembroke, and Tor Brian, Devon. Sir Guy was summoned to Parliament in 1350 by Edward III, whereby he was held to have become Lord Bryan. -
MAGAZINE from MEDIEVALISTS.NET the Medieval Magazine Volume 3 Number 4 March 2, 2017
MEDIEVAL STUDIES MAGAZINE FROM MEDIEVALISTS.NET The Medieval Magazine Volume 3 Number 4 March 2, 2017 Miniature of Christine de Pizan breaking up ground while Lady Reason clears away letters to prepare for the building of the City of Ladies. Additional 20698 f. 17 (Netherlands, S. (Bruges) (The British Library). Philippa of Hainault & WomenBook Review of the Medici Travel Tips Anne of Bohemia Eleanor of Toledo The Uffizi The Medieval Magazine March 2, 2017 31 Etheldreda & Ely Cathedral 6 The Queenships of Philippa of Hainault and Anne of Bohemia 28 Book Tour: The Turbulent Crown 37 Travel Tips: Firenze - The Uffizi 57 Queen of the Castle Table of Contents 4 Letter from Editors 6 Intercession and Motherhood: Queenships of Philippa of Hainault and Anne of Bohemia by Conor Byrne 21 Conference News: Medieval Ethiopia at U of Toronto 22 Book Excerpt: Everyday Life in Tudor London by Stephen Porter 28 Book Tour: The Turbulent Crown by Roland Hui 31 Etheldreda: Queen, Abbess, Saint by Jessica Brewer 53 Historic Environment Scotland: Building relationships with metal detectorists 57 Queen of the Castle: Best Medieval Holiday Homes on the Market 63 Book Review: A Medieval Woman's Companion by Susan Signe Morrison 66 Leprosy and Plague at St. Giles in the Fields by Rebecca Rideal Regular Features 20 Talk the Talk - Old Italian, "Fáte Sángue" 27 Building the Medieval - Lady Chapel THE MEDIEVAL MAGAZINE 37 Travel Tips - Florence Editors: Sandra Alvarez and Danielle Trynoski 46 Londinium - Museum of London Website: www.medievalists.net This digital magazine is published bi-monthly. 52 Art/ifact Spotlight - Spindle Whorls & Loom Weights Cover Photo Credit: British Library In Honour of Women “We cannot live in a world that is interpreted for us by others. -
Hans Holbein at the Court of Henry VIII
Holbein at the Court of Henry VIII • The talk is about Holbein’s life in England and the well known personalities at Henry VIII’s court that he painted. • Figures such as Thomas Wolsey (no portrait by Holbein), Thomas More, Thomas Cromwell, Richard Rich (drawing), and Thomas Cranmer (not by Holbein) figured prominently in Henry's administration. • I discuss Holbein’s style by comparing his drawings with his paintings. • And, finally, I look at the many puzzles presented by The Ambassadors. Notes The Tudors (1485 -1603) in brief: • Henry VII 1485 – 1509, Henry Richmond, descendent of John of Gaunt, defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field in 1485. Married Elizabeth of York uniting the two houses of York (white) and Lancaster (red) as symbolised in the white and red rose he adopted. He was a skilful politician but he is often described as avaricious although this did mean he left a lot in the treasury for his son to spend. • Henry VIII 1509 – 1547, he married Catherine of Aragon (his brother’s widow and mother of Mary) but Henry annulled the marriage to marry Anne Boleyn (mother Elizabeth) who he beheaded for alleged adultery. He declared himself head of the Catholic Church and married Jane Seymour who died after giving birth to Edward. He then married Anne of Cleves but the marriage was annulled and she survived Henry the longest. He then married Catherine Howard who he beheaded for adultery and finally Catherine Parr (her third husband) who outlived him and married Thomas Seymour (who grew up in Wulfhall) whose brother was Edward Seymour, Lord Protector of England during the first two years of Edward VI’s reign.