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An Overlooked Connection of Anne Boleyn's Maid of Honour, Elizabeth Holland, with BL, King's MS. 9

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An Overlooked Connection of Anne Boleyn's Maid of Honour, Elizabeth Holland, with BL, King's MS. 9 An Overlooked Connection of Anne Boleyn’s Maid of Honour, Elizabeth Holland, with BL, King’s MS. 9 Sylwia Sobczak Zupanec During their courtship, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn passed love notes during mass in the royal chapel.1 These romantic notes were inscribed in an illuminated Book of Hours currently stored in the British Library (BL, King’s MS. 9).2 The King chose to put his note in French under the miniature of Christ as the Man of Sorrows kneeling before his tomb and wearing the crown of thorns: If you remember my love in your prayers as strongly as I adore you, I shall hardly be forgotten, for I am yours. Henry R. forever3 Fig. 1. 1. Henry VIII’s inscription in French, British Library, King’s MS. 9, f. 231v. 1 Eric Ives, The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn: ‘The Most Happy’ (Oxford, 2001), p. 6. 2 BL, King’s MS. 9. See: <https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=7991&CollID=19&NStart=9> (accessed 15-8-2016) 3 BL, King’s MS. 9, f. 231v. For original French inscription and its translation into English, see the British Library’s Online Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts at: <www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSI D=7991&CollID=19&NStart=9> 1 eBLJ 2017, Article 7 An overlooked connection of Anne Boleyn’s maid of honour, Elizabeth Holland, to the BL, King’s MS. 9 Anne reciprocated by inscribing a couplet in English under the miniature of the Annunciation, the angel Gabriel telling the Virgin Mary that she would bear a son: Be daly prove you shall me fynde To be to you both lovynge and kynde4 Fig. 1. 2. Anne Boleyn’s inscription, British Library, King’s MS. 9, f. 66v. Among the sixteenth-century owners of this Book of Hours were Henry Reppes of Mendham and his first wife, Elizabeth; their names are inscribed on f. 1r.5 Elizabeth Reppes’s connection to Anne Boleyn has not been studied in relation to BL, King’s MS. 9, and therefore in this article I would like to shed more light on the person of Elizabeth Reppes and propose a new theory concerning how this Book of Hours might have ended up inscribed by Elizabeth and her husband. 4 BL, King’s MS. 9, f. 66v. 5 The British Library’s digital facsimile is available at <http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=kings_ms_9_f001r> 2 eBLJ 2017, Article 7 An overlooked connection of Anne Boleyn’s maid of honour, Elizabeth Holland, to the BL, King’s MS. 9 Fig. 1. 3. The inscribed names of Henry Reppes and Elizabeth Reppes, British Library, King’s MS. 9, f. 1r. Elizabeth served as one of Anne Boleyn’s maids of honour before she married Henry Reppes in 1547; she was then known as Elizabeth Holland. The date when Elizabeth joined Anne Boleyn’s household remains unknown, but in a dispatch dating to 27 September 1533, the imperial ambassador Eustace Chapuys identified her as ‘a young lady of the King’s concubine, called Holland’.6 Elizabeth Holland was a mistress of Anne Boleyn’s maternal uncle, Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk. Norfolk’s estranged wife, Elizabeth Howard, could never forgive her husband for having an extramarital affair and expressed anger at losing him to a woman of inferior social rank. The Duchess of Norfolk disparagingly referred to Elizabeth Holland using an abbreviated form of her name, ‘Bessy’. The Duchess, who prided herself on her Stafford blood, scorned ‘Bessy Holland’ on the grounds of her lowly status, calling her ‘but a churl’s daughter and of no gentle blood’ and ‘that drab’ who was ‘but washer of my nursery [for] eight years, and she hath been the causer of all my trouble’.7 While Elizabeth Holland’s social status was certainly lower than the Duchess of Norfolk’s, it was not as low as the duchess angrily asserted.8 Elizabeth Holland’s status was evidently high enough for her to become one of the maids of honour to Anne Boleyn, although it is possible that Queen Anne employed her uncle’s mistress as a favour to him. 6 James Gairdner (ed.), Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII (London, 1882), vol. vi, 1164, pp. 481-96. The ‘concubine’ was Anne Boleyn, whom Chapuys never acknowledged as Queen because of his undying loyalty to Henry VIII’s first wife, the Spanish Katharine of Aragon. 7 Mary Anne Everett Wood, Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies of Great Britain (London, 1846), vol. ii, pp. 224, 371. 8 Thomas Howard’s biographer, professor David M. Head, stated that Elizabeth was a daughter of John Holland, a treasurer and chief steward in the Duke of Norfolk’s household. David M. Head, The Ebbs and Flows of Fortune: The Life of Thomas Howard, Third Duke of Norfolk (Athens, GA, 2009), p. 251. An entry in the Calendar of the Patent Rolls for the years 1548-9, however, makes it clear that she was a daughter of one Thomas Holland the elder, esquire, probably a relation to John Holland. Calendar of Patent Rolls 1548- 49: Edward VI (London, 1970), ii, p. 92. 3 eBLJ 2017, Article 7 An overlooked connection of Anne Boleyn’s maid of honour, Elizabeth Holland, to the BL, King’s MS. 9 Women played an important and active role in the literary coterie surrounding Anne Boleyn and her exuberant court. The so-called ‘Devonshire Manuscript’ is the most important evidence of this.9 The manuscript was owned by Anne Boleyn’s teenaged cousin, Mary Howard, Duchess of Richmond (married to Henry VIII’s illegitimate son, Henry Fitzroy) whose initials appear on the original binding.10 Another young woman of Queen Anne’s court who kept and contributed to the manuscript was Mary Shelton.11 Elizabeth Holland was close to both of these young women. Elizabeth formed a close bond with Mary Howard and later in her life confessed that ‘she had addicted herself much’ to her lover’s daughter.12 Thomas Howard’s estranged wife, the abovementioned Duchess of Norfolk, resented the fact that Mary and Elizabeth shared such a close relationship.13 An inventory of Elizabeth Holland’s jewels made after Thomas Howard’s arrest in 1546 recorded a ring ‘with a pointed diamond, which was sent [to] her as a token from Mrs. Mary Shelton’, which indicates that Holland had remained on friendly terms with Shelton.14 Both Howard and Shelton were Anne Boleyn’s kin, and their families were much favoured by the Queen. Mary Howard accompanied Anne during major events in the latter’s rise, such as Anne’s elevation to the peerage in 1532 (Mary’s first recorded appearance at court), her coronation and the christening of Anne’s only daughter, Elizabeth, in June and September 1533 respectively. It was Anne Boleyn who arranged a splendid match between Mary and Henry VIII’s illegitimate son, Henry Fitzroy. In his Actes and Monuments, better known as The Book of Martyrs, John Foxe recorded that Mary was one of ‘the chief and principal of her [Anne Boleyn’s] waiting maids’.15 Whether Mary Shelton was equally favoured is less clear. Anne Boleyn’s chaplain, William Latymer, later recorded that the Queen rebuked Shelton for scribbling ‘idle poesies’ in her prayer book (ironic, considering that Anne scribbled a love note addressed to the King in hers).16 The Queen could have been vexed about the fact that early in 1535 Shelton became Henry VIII’s mistress for a brief spell.17 Elizabeth Holland’s closeness to Mary Howard and Mary Shelton indicates that she moved in the same social and literary circles as them and may have enjoyed a warm relationship with Anne Boleyn. Elizabeth Holland’s interest in literary pursuits may explain why her married name, Elizabeth Reppes, appears in Anne Boleyn’s Book of Hours, BL, King’s MS. 9. By 1546, Elizabeth Holland was no longer Thomas Howard’s mistress. She was interrogated in December of that year in relation to the charges of treason faced by her lover and his son, Henry, Earl of Surrey. She yielded many caveats that contributed to the Earl of Surrey’s execution on 28 January 1547.18 Thomas Howard was saved from the executioner’s blade only by Henry VIII’s death, but he was not released until Mary Tudor began her reign in 1553. 9 BL, Add. MS 17492. 10 Helen Baron, ‘Mary (Howard) Fitzroy’s Hand in the Devonshire Manuscript’, The Review of English Studies, New Series, xlv: 179 (Aug. 1994), pp. 318-35. 11 Paul G. Remley, ‘Mary Shelton and Her Tudor Literary Milieu’ in Peter C. Herman (ed.), Rethinking the Henrician Era: Essays on Early Tudor Texts and Contexts (Urbana, 1994), pp. 40-78. 12 William A. Sessions, Henry Howard, the Poet Earl of Surrey: A Life (Oxford, 2003), p. 398. 13 Everett Wood, op. cit. 14 G. F. Nott (ed.), The Works of Henry Howard Earl of Surrey and Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder (London, 1815), p. cxvii. 15 Rev. M. Hobart Seymour (ed.), The Actes and Monuments by John Foxe (New York, 1855), p. 372. 16 Maria Dowling (ed.), ‘William Latymer’s Cronickille of Anne Bulleyne’, Camden Miscellany XXX, Camden 4th ser., xxxix (1990), p. 63. 17 James Gairdner (ed.), Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII, (London, 1885), vol. viii, 263, pp. 8-21. 18 The original depositions are now lost, but they were seen in the seventeenth century by Lord Herbert of Cherbury, who abstracted them in his book entitled Life and Raigne of King Henry the Eighth.
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