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Lyonia 7(1) 2004 - Conservation of Biological and Cultural Diversity in the Andes and the Amazon Basin - Flora and Vegetation
Lyonia 7(1) 2004 - Conservation of Biological and Cultural Diversity in the Andes and the Amazon Basin - Flora and Vegetation Volume 7(1) December 2004 ISSN: 0888-9619 odd-right: 2 Introduction Scientists widely agree that species extinction has heavily accelerated in the last decades. The majority of the worlds species are found in tropical forests, covering a mere ten percent of the planets surface. A grave problem for the conservation of diversity is the still very fragmentary knowledge of the ecology of most species. The Andes and the Amazon Basin represent one of the most important Biodiversity-Hotspots on Earth. Attempts of sustainable management and conservation must integrate local communities and their traditional knowledge. Management decisions need to include the high importance of natural resources in providing building materials, food and medicines for rural as well as urbanized communities. The traditional use of forest resources, particularly of non-timber products like medicinal plants, has deep roots not only in indigenous communities, but is practiced in a wide section of society. The use of medicinal herbs is often an economically inevitable alternative to expensive western medicine. The base knowledge of this traditional use is passed from one generation to the next. Especially the medical use represents a highly dynamic, always evolving process, where new knowledge is constantly being obtained, and linked to traditional practices. An increased emphasis is being placed en possible economic benefits especially of the medicinal use of tropical forest products instead of pure timber harvesting, an approach particularly appealing to countries with difficult economic conditions. Most research efforts, due to lack of manpower, time end resources, focus only on either biodiversity assessments or ethnobotanical inventories, or try to implement management and use measures without having a sound scientific base to do so. -
KONDROTI Page 1Of 4
KONDROTI Page 1of 4 Family: MALVACEAE (angiosperm) Scientific name(s): Rhodognaphalon brevicuspe Bombax brevicuspe (synonymous) Rhodognaphalon schumannianum Commercial restriction: no commercial restriction WOOD DESCRIPTION LOG DESCRIPTION Color: light brown Diameter: from 60 to 100 cm Sapwood: clearly demarcated Thickness of sapwood: from 8 to 10 cm Texture: coarse Floats: yes Grain: straight or interlocked Log durability: low (must be treated) Interlocked grain: slight Note: Heartwood yellowish brown to light red brown with slightly darker veins. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES MECHANICAL AND ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES Physical and mechanical properties are based on mature heartwood specimens. These properties can vary greatly depending on origin and growth conditions. Mean Std dev. Mean Std dev. Specific gravity *: 0,46 0,03 Crushing strength *: 35 MPa 5 MPa Monnin hardness *: 1,4 0,3 Static bending strength *: 58 MPa 8 MPa Coeff. of volumetric shrinkage: 0,40 % 0,06 % Modulus of elasticity *: 8760 MPa 590 MPa Total tangential shrinkage (TS): 8,2 % 0,7 % Total radial shrinkage (RS): 4,3 % 0,5 % (*: at 12% moisture content, with 1 MPa = 1 N/mm²) TS/RS ratio: 1,9 Fiber saturation point: 38 % Musical quality factor: 100,2 measured at 2461 Hz Stability: stable NATURAL DURABILITY AND TREATABILITY Fungi and termite resistance refers to end-uses under temperate climate. Except for special comments on sapwood, natural durability is based on mature heartwood. Sapwood must always be considered as non-durable against wood degrading agents. E.N. = Euro Norm Funghi (according to E.N. standards): class 5 - not durable Dry wood borers: durable - sapwood demarcated (risk limited to sapwood) Termites (according to E.N. -
Cp147888.Pdf
Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. Marília Cristina Duarte Análise filogenética de Eriotheca Schott & Endl. e gêneros afins (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae) e estudo taxonômico de Eriotheca no Brasil Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Vasculares São Paulo 2010 Marília Cristina Duarte Análise filogenética de Eriotheca Schott & Endl. e gêneros afins (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae) e estudo taxonômico de Eriotheca no Brasil Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Vasculares Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Gerleni Lopes Esteves Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela Seção de Biblioteca do Instituto de Botânica Duarte, Marília Cristina D812a Análise filogenética de Eriotheca Schott & Endl e gêneros afins (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae) e estudo taxonômico de Eriotheca no Brasil / Marília Cristina Duarte – São Paulo, 2010. 190p. il. Tese (Doutorado) – Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, 2010. Bibliografia 1. Malvaceae. 2 Taxonomia. 3. Filogenia. I. Título CDU: 582.796 …..from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved. Charles Darwin Aos meus pais, a base de tudo Ao Fausto, minha cara metade com amor, dedico Agradecimentos Este trabalho contou com o apoio e estímulo de todos que estiveram comigo durante esses quatro anos. Dessa forma, agradeço: Primeiramente, à Gerleni, minha querida orientadora e amiga, com quem aprendi a amar a botânica. -
Redalyc.Substrates and Temperatures in the Germination of Eriotheca
Revista Ciência Agronômica ISSN: 0045-6888 [email protected] Universidade Federal do Ceará Brasil Fernandes Rodrigues de Melo, Paulo Alexandre; Pessoa Cavalcanti, Maria Idaline; Ursulino Alves, Edna; Chalita Martins, Cibele; Rodrigues de Araújo, Luciana Substrates and temperatures in the germination of Eriotheca gracilipes seeds Revista Ciência Agronômica, vol. 48, núm. 2, abril-junio, 2017, pp. 303-309 Universidade Federal do Ceará Ceará, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=195349808010 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista Ciência Agronômica, v. 48, n. 2, p. 303-309, abr-jun, 2017 Centro de Ciências Agrárias - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Artigo Científico www.ccarevista.ufc.br ISSN 1806-6690 Substrates and temperatures in the germination of Eriotheca gracilipes seeds1 Substratos e temperaturas na germinação de sementes de Eriotheca gracilipes Paulo Alexandre Fernandes Rodrigues de Melo2*, Maria Idaline Pessoa Cavalcanti3, Edna Ursulino Alves4, Cibele Chalita Martins2 and Luciana Rodrigues de Araújo4 ABSTRACT - The Eriotheca gracilipes (K. Schum.) A. Robyns) is a forest specie that belongs to the Bombacaceae family and is considered an endemic specie from the Brazilian savanna. The aim of this study was to evaluate the best substrate and temperature for the vigor and germination test of E. gracilipes seeds. The experiment was carried out in a randomized design with a 4 x 7 factorial, with 28 treatments with the combination of four temperatures (20; 25; 30 and 20-30 °C) and seven substrates (coarse vermiculite, medium vermiculite, sand, Basaplant®, paper towel, on and between filter papers), with 4 repetitions of 25 seeds each. -
Diversity and Endemism of Woody Plant Species in the Equatorial Pacific Seasonally Dry Forests
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Biodivers Conserv (2010) 19:169–185 DOI 10.1007/s10531-009-9713-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Diversity and endemism of woody plant species in the Equatorial Pacific seasonally dry forests Reynaldo Linares-Palomino Æ Lars Peter Kvist Æ Zhofre Aguirre-Mendoza Æ Carlos Gonzales-Inca Received: 7 October 2008 / Accepted: 10 August 2009 / Published online: 16 September 2009 Ó The Author(s) 2009. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The biodiversity hotspot of the Equatorial Pacific region in western Ecuador and northwestern Peru comprises the most extensive seasonally dry forest formations west of the Andes. Based on a recently assembled checklist of the woody plants occurring in this region, we analysed their geographical and altitudinal distribution patterns. The montane seasonally dry forest region (at an altitude between 1,000 and 1,100 m, and the smallest in terms of area) was outstanding in terms of total species richness and number of endemics. The extensive seasonally dry forest formations in the Ecuadorean and Peruvian lowlands and hills (i.e., forests below 500 m altitude) were comparatively much more species poor. It is remarkable though, that there were so many fewer collections in the Peruvian departments and Ecuadorean provinces with substantial mountainous areas, such as Ca- jamarca and Loja, respectively, indicating that these places have a potentially higher number of species. We estimate that some form of protected area (at country, state or private level) is currently conserving only 5% of the approximately 55,000 km2 of remaining SDF in the region, and many of these areas protect vegetation at altitudes below 500 m altitude. -
Phylogeny and Biogeography of Ceiba Mill. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae)
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.10.196238; this version posted July 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 TITLE PAGE 2 3 Pezzini et al. Evolutionary History of Tropical Dry Forest 4 5 Research article: Phylogeny and biogeography of Ceiba Mill. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) 6 7 Flávia Fonseca Pezzini1,2,8, Kyle G. Dexter3, Jefferson G. de Carvalho-Sobrinho4, Catherine A. Kidner1,2, 8 James A. Nicholls5, Luciano P. de Queiroz6, R. Toby Pennington1,7 9 10 1 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 11 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 12 3 School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. 13 4 Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil 14 5 Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Acton, Australia 15 6 Herbario, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil 16 7 Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom 17 8 Corresponding author: [email protected] | 20a Inverleith Row Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK 18 19 ABSTRACT 20 The Neotropics is the most species-rich area in the world and the mechanisms that generated and 21 maintain its biodiversity are still debated. This paper contributes to the debate by investigating 22 the evolutionary and biogeographic history of the genus Ceiba Mill. -
Substrate, Moisture, Temperature and Seed Germination of the Threatened Endemic Tree Eriotheca Vargasii (Malvaceae)
Substrate, moisture, temperature and seed germination of the threatened endemic tree Eriotheca vargasii (Malvaceae) Godofredo Mamani1, Héctor Chuquillanqui Soto2, Susana L. Chumbiauca Mateo3, Catherine T. Sahley2, Alfonso Alonso2 & Reynaldo Linares-Palomino2* 1. Grandes Montañas y Consultores SAC, Lima, Perú. 2. Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Calle Almirante Lord Cochrane 121, Dpto 9, San Isidro, 15073, Peru; [email protected] 3. Programa Especial de la Autoridad en Semillas, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Lima, Perú. * Correspondence Received 20-III-2017. Corrected 31-V-2018. Accepted 02-VII-2018. Abstract: We studied the germination of Eriotheca vargasii (Malvaceae), a poorly known endemic Peruvian Andean tree species characteristic of the dry forests of the Torobamba river valley, Peru. We determined seed characteristics, embryo morphology, viability, and assessed the influence of substrate (natural soil and com- mercially prepared media), temperature (controlled at 25 ºC and at ambient temperature between 18-22 ºC), and moisture (25 % and 50 % field capacity) on seed germination. Most seeds were ovoid in shape and although they contained well-developed embryos, only 46 % of them were viable. Substrate moisture levels had no influence on germination capacity or rate. In contrast, temperature and substrate type showed strong effects on germina- tion. We observed the highest proportion of germinated seeds in prepared media at both temperatures tested (> 61 %). Furthermore, substrate types also influenced germination rates, with lower values in natural soil. The strongest effect on germination rates was by temperature, enhancing the difference in responses in substrate types (up to 90 % in commercially prepared media at 25 ºC). -
Tropical Forests
1740 TROPICAL FORESTS / Bombacaceae in turn cause wild swings in the ecology and these Birks JS and Barnes RD (1990) Provenance Variation in swings themselves can sometimes prove to be beyond Pinus caribaea, P. oocarpa and P. patula ssp. tecunuma- control through management. In the exotic environ- nii. Tropical Forestry Papers no. 21. Oxford, UK: Oxford ments, it is impossible to predict or even conceive of Forestry Institute. the events that may occur and to know their Critchfield WB and Little EL (1966) Geographic Distribu- consequences. Introduction of diversity in the forest tion of the Pines of the World. Washington, DC: USDA Miscellaneous Publications. through mixed ages, mixed species, rotation of Duffield JW (1952) Relationships and species hybridization species, silvicultural treatment, and genetic variation in the genus Pinus. Zeitschrift fu¨r Forstgenetik und may make ecology and management more complex Forstpflanzenzuchtung 1: 93–100. but it will render the crop ecosystem much more Farjon A and Styles BT (1997) Pinus (Pinaceae). Flora stable, robust, and self-perpetuating and provide Neotropica Monograph no. 75. New York: New York buffers against disasters. The forester must treat crop Botanical Garden. protection as part of silvicultural planning. Ivory MH (1980) Ectomycorrhizal fungi of lowland tropical pines in natural forests and exotic plantations. See also: Pathology: Diseases affecting Exotic Planta- In: Mikola P (ed.) Tropical Mycorrhiza Research, tion Species; Diseases of Forest Trees. Temperate and pp. 110–117. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Mediterranean Forests: Northern Coniferous Forests; Ivory MH (1987) Diseases and Disorders of Pines in the Southern Coniferous Forests. Temperate Ecosystems: Tropics. Overseas Research Publication no. -
Bombacoideae, Malvaceae) No Sudeste Do Brasil: Resultados Preliminares
64º Congresso Nacional de Botânica Belo Horizonte, 10-15 de Novembro de 2013 O CLADO PACHIRA (BOMBACOIDEAE, MALVACEAE) NO SUDESTE DO BRASIL: RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES Thaís M. Macedo 1,*, Marília C. Duarte 1 1 Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal - LSV, São Paulo, Brasil; *[email protected] (K. Schum.) A. Robyns, E. parvifolia (Mart & Zucc.) A. Introdução Robyns, E. pentaphylla (Vell. emend. K. Schum.) A. Robyns, E. pubescens (Mart. & Zucc.) Schott & Endl, e E. saxicola Carv.-Sobr. A taxonomia das espécies está Malvaceae s.l. compreende nove subfamílias, sendo sendo baseada principalmente nos caracteres dos caracterizada pela presença de um nectário constituído de folíolos, tubo estaminal, cálice e indumento. Pachira Aubl. tricomas glandulares, localizado internamente na base do apresenta distribuição neotropical e possui 26 espécies. cálice ou menos comumente nas pétalas ou no Pode ser reconhecida por apresentar folíolos com androginóforo [1]. Bombacoideae, uma das nove articulações, pétalas planas e numerosos estames subfamílias de Malvaceae, inclui cerca de 18 gêneros e agrupados em 10 falanges a partir do tubo estaminal. Até 187 espécies, com distribuição predominantemente o momento foram encontradas cinco espécies para o neotropical e caracterizada pela presença de folhas Sudeste, Pachira aquatica Aubl., P. calophylla (K. palmadas compostas [2]. No Brasil, ocorrem 13 gêneros e Schum.) Fern. Alonso, P. glabra Pasq., P. retusa (Mart. & 80 espécies distribuídas em todas as regiões, sendo os Zucc.) Fern. Alonso, e P. stenopetala Casar. centros de diversidade as regiões Norte e Nordeste [3]. Um recente estudo realizado através da análise molecular baseado em sequências de DNA nuclear e plastidial, Conclusões mostrou que os gêneros Eriotheca e Pachira formam um clado denominado Pachira s.l., cuja sinapomorfia morfológica são as sementes estriadas [4]. -
Appendix 1 Vernacular Names
Appendix 1 Vernacular Names The vernacular names listed below have been collected from the literature. Few have phonetic spellings. Spelling is not helped by the difficulties of transcribing unwritten languages into European syllables and Roman script. Some languages have several names for the same species. Further complications arise from the various dialects and corruptions within a language, and use of names borrowed from other languages. Where the people are bilingual the person recording the name may fail to check which language it comes from. For example, in northern Sahel where Arabic is the lingua franca, the recorded names, supposedly Arabic, include a number from local languages. Sometimes the same name may be used for several species. For example, kiri is the Susu name for both Adansonia digitata and Drypetes afzelii. There is nothing unusual about such complications. For example, Grigson (1955) cites 52 English synonyms for the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in the British Isles, and also mentions several examples of the same vernacular name applying to different species. Even Theophrastus in c. 300 BC complained that there were three plants called strykhnos, which were edible, soporific or hallucinogenic (Hort 1916). Languages and history are linked and it is hoped that understanding how lan- guages spread will lead to the discovery of the historical origins of some of the vernacular names for the baobab. The classification followed here is that of Gordon (2005) updated and edited by Blench (2005, personal communication). Alternative family names are shown in square brackets, dialects in parenthesis. Superscript Arabic numbers refer to references to the vernacular names; Roman numbers refer to further information in Section 4. -
(PFNM) En El Corregimiento De Doña Josefa, Chocó, Colombia
102 Rev. Biodivers. Neotrop. 2012; 2 (2): 102-12 Caracterización etnobotánica de los productos forestales no maderables (PFNM) en el corregimiento de Doña Josefa, Chocó, Colombia Ethnobotany characterization of non-timber forest products (NTFP) in the community of Doña Josefa, Chocó, Colombia Angélica María Cogollo-Calderón1, Fabio García-Cossio2 Resumen En este estudio se identificaron 221 especies vegetales empleadas en diversos fines por los poblado- res del corregimiento Doña Josefa, comunidad ubicada en el municipio del Atrato, departamento del Chocó, Colombia. Se evaluaron nueve categorías de uso medicinal, alimenticia, artesanal, ornamen- tal, tóxica, mágico-religiosa, combustible, colorantes y plantas productoras de látex o exudados. La información se recopiló con base en el conocimiento tradicional que los habitantes tienen de estas plantas. Para ello se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas principalmente a las amas de casa, mineros y agricultores y luego se realizaron salidas de campo con pobladores de alto grado de com- prensión en el tema, donde se recolectaron los ejemplares botánicos que luego fueron determinados taxonómicamente hasta la menor categoría posible, para depositarlos en el Herbario [CHOCO]. Las categorías más representativas en cuanto a número de especies fueron medicinal (50,6%), alimenticia (22,6%), combustible (13,1%) y artesanal (10,4%) destacándose las familias Malvaceae, Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae/Mimosoideae, Gesneriaceae, Sapotaceae, Moraceae y Piperaceae. Con esto se evidencia la importancia que los productos forestales no maderables (PFNM) tienen para la comunidad de Doña Josefa, en donde son fuente principalmente de alimentos, medici- nas, artesanías y de otros productos con grandes posibilidades de desarrollo económico, si se mane- jan apuntando hacia la gestión sostenible de los recursos naturales, la conservación de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos que nos brindan. -
Plano De Manejo Do Parque Nacional Do Viruâ
PLANO DE MANEJO DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRU Boa Vista - RR Abril - 2014 PRESIDENTE DA REPÚBLICA Dilma Rousseff MINISTÉRIO DO MEIO AMBIENTE Izabella Teixeira - Ministra INSTITUTO CHICO MENDES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE - ICMBio Roberto Ricardo Vizentin - Presidente DIRETORIA DE CRIAÇÃO E MANEJO DE UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO - DIMAN Giovanna Palazzi - Diretora COORDENAÇÃO DE ELABORAÇÃO E REVISÃO DE PLANOS DE MANEJO Alexandre Lantelme Kirovsky CHEFE DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ Antonio Lisboa ICMBIO 2014 PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRU PLANO DE MANEJO CRÉDITOS TÉCNICOS E INSTITUCIONAIS INSTITUTO CHICO MENDES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE - ICMBio Diretoria de Criação e Manejo de Unidades de Conservação - DIMAN Giovanna Palazzi - Diretora EQUIPE TÉCNICA DO PLANO DE MANEJO DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ Coordenaço Antonio Lisboa - Chefe do PN Viruá/ ICMBio - Msc. Geógrafo Beatriz de Aquino Ribeiro Lisboa - PN Viruá/ ICMBio - Bióloga Superviso Lílian Hangae - DIREP/ ICMBio - Geógrafa Luciana Costa Mota - Bióloga E uipe de Planejamento Antonio Lisboa - PN Viruá/ ICMBio - Msc. Geógrafo Beatriz de Aquino Ribeiro Lisboa - PN Viruá/ ICMBio - Bióloga Hudson Coimbra Felix - PN Viruá/ ICMBio - Gestor ambiental Renata Bocorny de Azevedo - PN Viruá/ ICMBio - Msc. Bióloga Thiago Orsi Laranjeiras - PN Viruá/ ICMBio - Msc. Biólogo Lílian Hangae - Supervisora - COMAN/ ICMBio - Geógrafa Ernesto Viveiros de Castro - CGEUP/ ICMBio - Msc. Biólogo Carlos Ernesto G. R. Schaefer - Consultor - PhD. Eng. Agrônomo Bruno Araújo Furtado de Mendonça - Colaborador/UFV - Dsc. Eng. Florestal Consultores e Colaboradores em reas Tem'ticas Hidrologia, Clima Carlos Ernesto G. R. Schaefer - PhD. Engenheiro Agrônomo (Consultor); Bruno Araújo Furtado de Mendonça - Dsc. Eng. Florestal (Colaborador UFV). Geologia, Geomorfologia Carlos Ernesto G. R. Schaefer - PhD. Engenheiro Agrônomo (Consultor); Bruno Araújo Furtado de Mendonça - Dsc.