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Cp147888.Pdf Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. Marília Cristina Duarte Análise filogenética de Eriotheca Schott & Endl. e gêneros afins (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae) e estudo taxonômico de Eriotheca no Brasil Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Vasculares São Paulo 2010 Marília Cristina Duarte Análise filogenética de Eriotheca Schott & Endl. e gêneros afins (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae) e estudo taxonômico de Eriotheca no Brasil Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Vasculares Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Gerleni Lopes Esteves Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela Seção de Biblioteca do Instituto de Botânica Duarte, Marília Cristina D812a Análise filogenética de Eriotheca Schott & Endl e gêneros afins (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae) e estudo taxonômico de Eriotheca no Brasil / Marília Cristina Duarte – São Paulo, 2010. 190p. il. Tese (Doutorado) – Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, 2010. Bibliografia 1. Malvaceae. 2 Taxonomia. 3. Filogenia. I. Título CDU: 582.796 …..from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved. Charles Darwin Aos meus pais, a base de tudo Ao Fausto, minha cara metade com amor, dedico Agradecimentos Este trabalho contou com o apoio e estímulo de todos que estiveram comigo durante esses quatro anos. Dessa forma, agradeço: Primeiramente, à Gerleni, minha querida orientadora e amiga, com quem aprendi a amar a botânica. Muito obrigada pela paciência, amizade, pelo carinho, e especialmente, pela total dedicação à minha formação durante os dez anos de orientação. Muito obrigada por mais uma vez me fazer buscar e querer o melhor. Ao meu orientador no exterior, David Baum, por ter me recebido gentilmente em seu laboratório e pela total confiança depositada em mim. A todas as instituições que permitiram o desenvolvimento do meu trabalho: Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo e Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin. Ao CNPq pela bolsa concedida; a CAPES pela bolsa concedida para a realização de estágio no exterior e ao International Association of Plant Taxonomists (IAPT) pelo auxílio recebido. À Comissão do Programa de Pós-graduação do Instituto de Botânica, em especial à Dra. Solange Mazzoni-Viveiros, por sempre ter buscado o crescimento do Programa e por ter me auxiliado nos trâmites burocráticos com a CAPES. A todos que me auxiliaram no Laboratory of Systematics, Development and Evolution da Universidade de Wisconsin, em especial à Talline Martins por sempre me socorrer nos momentos necessários! A todos que fizeram a minha estadia em Madison mais prazerosa, em especial Elsy Buitrago pelos almoços latinos à beira do lago (que se tornaram escassos na reta final!) e por todos os cafés e cookies entre um PCR e um gel!. Ao William Alverson, do Field Museum (F), Chicago, pelas discussões produtivas sobre as Bombacoideae, dicas sobre Chicago e pelo empréstimo do “apertamento“!. Ao Robin Forster por ter tornado o meu trabalho no Field Museum mais agradável. A todos os curadores dos herbários visitados pela boa acolhida e pelo empréstimo de material. A todos que me auxiliaram nas expedições de coleta e visitas aos herbários: Prof. Dr. André Amorim por ter me recebido gentilmente em sua casa e pelo apoio nas coletas em Ilhéus e adjacências; Prof. Dr. Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz por ter me recebido durante uma semana no laboratório de biologia molecular da UEFS; às Profas. Dra. Daniela Carneiro-Torres e Dra. Nadia Roque por terem me acolhido em Feira de Santana e Salvador, respectivamente; à Profa. Dra. Letícia Ribes de Lima pelos auxílios financeiro e logístico à viagem a Minas Gerais; ao Rafael Batista Louzada, pela companhia e amizade demonstrada durante o período em Minas Gerais; à Maria Beatriz Caruzo e Renata Sebastiani pela nossa expedição de campo ao Brasil Central. Aos pesquisadores e funcionários da Seção de Curadoria do Herbário do Instituto de Botânica, pela amizade e pela agradável convivência: Cintia Kameyama, Fábio de Barros, Inês Cordeiro, Jefferson Prado, Lúcia Rossi, Maria Cândida Henrique Mamede, Maria Margarida R.F. de Melo, Maria das Graças L. Wanderley, Marie Sugiyama, Rosângela Simão-Bianchini, Sérgio Romaniuc-Neto, Sônia Aragaki, e à Suzana E. Martins, Ana Célia de Almeida Calado e Claudinéia. A todos os amigos da Seção de Curadoria do Herbário do Instituto de Botânica: Allan Carlos Pscheidt, Alexandre Indriunas, Anderson Santos, André Gaglioti, Berta Villagra, Cintia Vieira, Fábio Pinheiro, Gisele Silva, Juliana Santos, Klei Souza, Leonardo Versieux, Luciana Fiorato, Marcos Enoque, Maria Claudia Medeiros, Rafael Louzada, Regina Hirai, Renata Sebastiani, Viviane Almeida, entre outros. Aos “irmãos” malvólogos Victor Gonçalez e Cátia Takeuchi, por estarem sempre prontos a ajudar. Em especial, às minhas amigas Fátima de Souza-Buturi e Maria Beatriz Caruzo, por sempre estarmos juntas nessa jornada!. As amigas do Instituto de Biociências da USP Juliana Lovo e Maria Fernanda Calió, pelo apoio sempre que necessário. A todos do laboratório de Fitoquímica e Biologia Molecular do Instituto de Biociências da USP que me auxiliaram, em especial à Profa. Dra. Maria Luiza Faria Salatino, por ter me recebido e pela parceria formada; à técnica Mourisa Ferreira pelo auxílio laboratorial, à Dra. Cristiane del Nero Rodrigues, pela ajuda e pelos protocolos fornecidos. Em especial à amiga Dra. Juliana Lovo, por ter me ensinado os procedimentos no laboratório de biologia molecular. Valeu Jú! Ao Prof. Dr. Tarciso Filgueiras pelas sugestões e revisão dos artigos de nomenclatura e espécie nova. Ao desenhista Klei Rodrigo Souza pela competência com que cobriu as minhas ilustrações, realçando a beleza das Eriotheca. Ao meu marido Fausto Erritto Barbo pela confecção dos mapas. Por fim, agradeço as pessoas mais importantes na minha vida: meus pais, Celso e Maria, pelo amor incondicional e por sempre estarem ao meu lado, incentivando e apoiando a minha jornada botânica; as minhas irmãs Fabiana e Camila, meu anjos da guarda, e ao meu marido Fausto, minha cara metade, por todo o amor e compreensão. Amo muito vocês! Índice Resumo ......................................................................................................... xiv Abstract ......................................................................................................... xvi Introdução ........................................................................................................ 1 Subfamília Bombacoideae ............................................................................ 1 Caracterização morfológica de Bombacoideae e importância econômica .................................................................................................. 4 Eriotheca Schott & Endl. ............................................................................... 6 História taxonômica de Eriotheca Schott & Endl. e de gêneros afins ............ 8 Objetivos ........................................................................................................ 14 Material e Métodos ........................................................................................ 15 Estudo filogenético ...................................................................................... 15 Amostragem ......................................................................................... 15 Extração do DNA, amplificação e sequenciamento .............................. 15 Análises filogenéticas ........................................................................... 19 Estudo taxonômico ..................................................................................... 20 Estudo dos tricomas ................................................................................... 23 Bibliografia .................................................................................................... 25 Organização da tese ..................................................................................... 33 Capítulo 1 - Análise filogenética de Eriotheca Schott & Endl. e gêneros afins (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae) ......................................... 34 Abstract ................................................................................................ 36 Introduction ........................................................................................... 37 Materials and Methods ......................................................................... 39 Taxon sampling ................................................................................ 39 DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing ................................. 39 Phylogenetic analyses ...................................................................... 40 Results ............................................................................................. 41 Phylogenetic Analyses of Individual Data Sets ................................. 42 Evaluation of Discordance between the Data Sets ........................... 43 Combined Phylogenetic Analyses .................................................... 43 Discussion ...........................................................................................
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