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Towards a Revision of Pseudobombax Dugand (Malvaceae- Bombacoideae): Typification of Names Published by E

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MEP Candollea 691 complet_- 10.06.14 09:41 Page93 Notulae ad Floram paraquaiensem, 119 Towards a revision of Pseudobombax Dugand (Malvaceae- Bombacoideae): typification of names published by E. Hassler and R. Chodat in the related genus Bombax L. Jefferson G. de Carvalho-Sobrinho, Lorenzo Ramella, Luciano P. de Queiroz & Laurence J. Dorr Abstract CARVALHO-SOBRINHO, J. G. de, L. RAMELLA, L. P. de QUEIROZ & L. J. DORR (2014). Towards a revision of Pseudobombax Dugand (Malva - ceae-Bombacoideae): typification of names published by E. Hassler and R. Chodat in the related genus Bombax L. Candollea 69: 93-99. In English, English abstract. To facilitate an ongoing taxonomic revision of Pseudobombax Dugand as part of studies on the systematics of Neotropical Bombacoideae (Malvaceae ), we clarify the typification of 16 names in Bombacoideae that were published by Emil Hassler and Robert Chodat based mostly on specimens collected by Hassler in Paraguay and collected by Robert Fries and Gustaf Malme in Argentina and Brazil. We designate 4 lectotypes for the following names: Bombax elegans R. E. Fr., Bombax lon - gi florum var. emarginatum Hassl., Bombax marginatum subsp. meridionale Hassl., Bombax marginatum var. praecox Hassl. An epitype is designated for Bombax elegans R. E. Fr. In additi on, we narrow down André Robyns’ lectotypification of Bombax marginatum f. arboreum Chodat to a single specimen. Key-words MALVACEAE – Bombacoideae – Bombax – Pseudobombax – Paraguay – Argentina – Brazil – Typification – Lecto type – Two-step typification Addresses of the authors: JGCS, LPQ: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Universitária s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] LR: Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, case postale 60, 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland. LJD: Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A. ISSN: 0373-2967 – Online ISSN: 2235-3658 – Candollea 69(1): 93-99 (2014) © CONSERVATOIRE ET JARDIN BOTANIQUES DE GENÈVE 2014 MEP Candollea 691 complet_- 10.06.14 09:41 Page94 94 – Notulae ad Floram paraquaiensem, 119 Candollea 69, 2014 Introduction However, well-curated carpological collections of Bomba - coideae are scarce and frequently incomplete. The pheno - DUGAND (1943) created the genus Pseudobombax (Bom - logical phase of every sheet and separate element, including bacoideae, Malvaceae ) to accommodate several species from those comprising type specimens, is seldom clearly specified Central America that did not fit his concept of Bombax L. He in the botanical literature ( CARVALHO -S OBRINHO , pers. obs .). considered Bombax to be a monospecific genus restricted to In addition, collections of Pseudobombax and other Bomba - Central and South America and although he selected B. ceiba coideae from seasonally dry forest and savanna habitats are L. as type, it is clear from his description and the material that typically incomplete because species are commonly leafless he cited that his concept of this species corresponds to what is during the flowering period; specimens often consist now considered to be Pachira fendleri Seem. Subsequently, of leaves only or flowers only. Incomplete exsiccatae and ROBYNS (1961) argued that B. ceiba could only be typified by incomplete carpological collections both commonly raise an Asian element in its protologue and, ever since Robyn’s doubts regarding species circumscriptions ( CARVALHO - choice of type was conserved (ICBN-Berlin, GREUTER & al., SOBRINHO & QUEIROZ , 2010). Complicating matters, collec - 1988), Bombax has been considered to be a genus restricted to tors who attempt to make complete exsiccatae of species that the Paleotropical region. flower when they are leafless often create mixed collections When DUGAND (1943) described Pseudobombax, he trans - of Neotropical Bombacoideae . There are even type speci - ferred three species originally described in Bombax to his new mens based on mixtures of elements from different families, genus: P. septenatum (Jacq.) Dugand (the type species), which requires lectotypification in order to properly circum - P. ellipticum (Kunth) Dugand, and P. palmeri (S. Watson) scribe names ( CARVALHO -S OBRINHO & al., 2013a; CARVALHO - Dugand. DUGAND (1943) also speculated that additional species SOBRINHO & al., 2013b). of Bombacoideae probably would be transferred to Pseudo - The issues mentioned above depict idiosyncrasies of Bom - bombax after a taxonomic revision of the group. ROBYNS (1963), in the last major comprehensive revision of Bombax bacoideae taxonomy that represent a major challenge: match - s.l., expanded Pseudobombax by describing six new species ing separately-collected leaves, flowers, and fruits in order to and proposing 10 new combinations of which 9 were based on better circumscribe a taxon ( CARVALHO -S OBRINHO & QUEIROZ , species described earlier in a more broadly defined Bombax . 2008, 2010; CARVALHO -S OBRINHO & al., 2012; CARVALHO - SOBRINHO & al., 2014). These issues also highlight the impor - Pseudobombax now is the second largest genus of the Bom - tance of clarifying and typifying names in this group. bacoideae (ALVERSON & al., 1999; BAUM & al., 1998, 2004; BAYER & al., 1999; ROBYNS , 1963). It encompasses ca. 25 During a taxonomic revision of Pseudobombax (CARVALHO - species inhabiting vegetation types predominantly associated SOBRINHO & al., in prep.), we realized that several names of with seasonal climate in the Neotropical region ( CARVALHO - infraspecific taxa in the genus Bombax published by CHODAT SOBRINHO & QUEIROZ , 2010, 2011; FERNANDEZ -A LONSO , 2001). (1904) and HASSLER (1910, 1913) that were based mostly on Species of Pseudobombax are mostly trees with unarmed specimens collected by Hassler in Paraguay and that are asso - trunks; the bark is usually marked with vertical, greenish ciated with Pseudobombax require clarification and in some stripes; the leaves are digitately compound and pulvinate and instances lectotypification. leaflets are not articulated with the petiole; the flowers are Altogether we discuss the typification and status of 16 names showy, reaching ca. 25 cm in length; the receptacle has con - in Bombacoideae that were described based on material from spicuous glands; the calyx is fleshy, accrescent in fruit, and Argentina, Brazil, and especially from Paraguay, and designate marcescent; the filaments are numerous and partially connate 4 lectotypes and 1 epitype for 4 of these 16 names. Clarification in a tube; the anthers are monothecate and hippocrepiform; of the types of these names will assist in the taxonomic revision the capsules are woody and have abundant kapok; and the of Pseudobombax and contribute to a monograph of Bomba - seeds are relatively small and numerous ( CARVALHO -S OBRINHO coideae for the Flora of Paraguay and adjacent countries. & QUEIROZ , 2010; CARVALHO -S OBRINHO & al., 2013a; ROBYNS , 1963). The distally dilated or expanded petiole with leaflets that lack an abcission zone where they join the petiole are prob - Material and methods able synapomorphies for the genus ( CARVALHO -S OBRINHO & We carefully examined the taxonomic literature on Bom - QUEIROZ , 2011). bacoideae in order to check typifications and synonymies of Collections of Pseudobombax often do not fit on a single taxa based on collections from Paraguay. In addition to the herbarium sheet and require multiple sheets to be mounted work of CHODAT (1904) and HASSLER (1910, 1913), we eval - because they have large leaves and flowers. In addition, their uated the revision by ROBYNS (1963) of Bombax L. s.l. and capsules are frequently bulky and can be stored separate from subsequent nomenclatural publications related to Pseudobom - herbarium sheets in cross-referenced carpological collections. bax from Bolivia ( CARVALHO -S OBRINHO & al., 2013a), Brazil MEP Candollea 691 complet_- 10.06.14 09:41 Page95 Candollea 69, 2014 Notulae ad Floram paraquaiensem, 119 – 95 (CARVALHO -S OBRINHO & QUEIROZ , 2010; CARVALHO -S OBRINHO Lectotypus (in hoc loco designatus): BRAZIL . State of & al., 2013b), and Colombia ( FERNANDEZ -A LONSO , 1999, Mato Grosso: “Brasiliae civit. Matto Grosso: Cuyabá. In 2001). The controversial paper by RAVENNA (2005) also was cerrado”, 4.VII.1903, Malme, G. O. A. s.n. (S [SR11279] reviewed. [image]! [fl]). Collections of Bombacoideae deposited in the following Epitypus (in hoc loco designatus): BRAZIL . State of Mato herbaria were examined: ALCB, BHCB, CEN, CEPEC, Grosso: “Brasiliae civit. Matto Grosso: Cuyabá”, CVRD, F, G, HAMAB, HRB, HUEFS, IAC, IBGE, INPA, 4.XII.1902, Malme, G. O. A. s.n. (S [S10-38650]! [lf]). IPA, K, M, MBM, MBML, MO, NY, P, PEUFR, R, RB, S, Isoepitypus: (S [SR11280] [image]! [lf]). SJRP, SP, SPF, SJRP, UB, UEC, UFP, US, VIC, and WIS. Spe - Two specimens collected by Malme were used by Fries to cial attention was given to G where original collections made describe and illustrate B. elegans (F RIES , 1908: 27-28, plate in Paraguay by Hassler are deposited. Hassler’s collections of IV) and thus they are syntypes of this name. The collection Bombacoideae are mostly comprised of leaves and flowers dated 4.VII.1903 [SR11279] has several, separate floral buds mounted in multiple sheets and incomplete duplicates were and juvenile flowers, and the collections dated from 4.XII.1902 occasionally found in other herbaria that were visited. Collec - have mature, seven-foliolate leaves ([SR11280], [S10-38650]). tions of BM, LIL, MICH,
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  • Appendix 1 Vernacular Names

    Appendix 1 Vernacular Names

    Appendix 1 Vernacular Names The vernacular names listed below have been collected from the literature. Few have phonetic spellings. Spelling is not helped by the difficulties of transcribing unwritten languages into European syllables and Roman script. Some languages have several names for the same species. Further complications arise from the various dialects and corruptions within a language, and use of names borrowed from other languages. Where the people are bilingual the person recording the name may fail to check which language it comes from. For example, in northern Sahel where Arabic is the lingua franca, the recorded names, supposedly Arabic, include a number from local languages. Sometimes the same name may be used for several species. For example, kiri is the Susu name for both Adansonia digitata and Drypetes afzelii. There is nothing unusual about such complications. For example, Grigson (1955) cites 52 English synonyms for the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in the British Isles, and also mentions several examples of the same vernacular name applying to different species. Even Theophrastus in c. 300 BC complained that there were three plants called strykhnos, which were edible, soporific or hallucinogenic (Hort 1916). Languages and history are linked and it is hoped that understanding how lan- guages spread will lead to the discovery of the historical origins of some of the vernacular names for the baobab. The classification followed here is that of Gordon (2005) updated and edited by Blench (2005, personal communication). Alternative family names are shown in square brackets, dialects in parenthesis. Superscript Arabic numbers refer to references to the vernacular names; Roman numbers refer to further information in Section 4.
  • Classification and Description of World Formation Types

    Classification and Description of World Formation Types

    CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF WORLD FORMATION TYPES PART II. DESCRIPTION OF WORLD FORMATIONS (v 2.0) Hierarchy Revisions Working Group (Federal Geographic Data Committee) 2012 Don Faber-Langendoen, Todd Keeler-Wolf, Del Meidinger, Carmen Josse, Alan Weakley, Dave Tart, Gonzalo Navarro, Bruce Hoagland, Serguei Ponomarenko, Jean-Pierre Saucier, Gene Fults, Eileen Helmer This document is being developed for the U.S. National Vegetation Classification, the International Vegetation Classification, and other national and international vegetation classifications. July 18, 2012 This report was produced by NVC partners (NatureServe, Ecological Society of America, U.S. federal agencies) through the Federal Geographic Data Committee. Printed from NatureServe Biotics on 24 Jul 2012 Citation: Faber-Langendoen, D., T. Keeler-Wolf, D. Meidinger, C. Josse, A. Weakley, D. Tart, G. Navarro, B. Hoagland, S. Ponomarenko, J.-P. Saucier, G. Fults, E. Helmer. 2012. Classification and description of world formation types. Part I (Introduction) and Part II (Description of formation types, v2.0). Hierarchy Revisions Working Group, Federal Geographic Data Committee, FGDC Secretariat, U.S. Geological Survey. Reston, VA, and NatureServe, Arlington, VA. i Classification and Description of World Formation Types. Part II: Formation Descriptions, v2.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The work produced here was supported by the U.S. National Vegetation Classification partnership between U.S. federal agencies, the Ecological Society of America, and NatureServe staff, working through the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Vegetation Subcommittee. FGDC sponsored the mandate of the Hierarchy Revisions Working Group, which included incorporating international expertise into the process. For that reason, this product represents a collaboration of national and international vegetation ecologists.