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Migration– Climate Change MIGRATION– CLIMATE CHANGE From a disaster risk management perspective in the municipalities of Bolpebra, San Ignacio de Moxos and Santa Ana del Yacuma The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in the meeting of operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. ______________________ MIGRATION– CLIMATE CHANGE Horacio Calle Publisher: International Organization for Migration Head of Office – IOM 22 Street Calacoto Bldg. Montecristo N.7896 Off.103 Oscar Cabrera La Paz Vice Minister of Civil Defense Bolivia Tel.: +591 2 2770161 Fax.: +591 2 2771972 Technical coordination: Email: [email protected] Liliana Lorini Lázaro – IOM Website: www.iom.int Contents: Fundación el JISUNÚ del Desarrollo _____________________________________________ Content review: Heber Romero Velarde – VIDECI ISBN 978-92-9068-832-7 (PDF) Liliana Lorini Lázaro – IOM © 2020 International Organization for Migration (IOM) _____________________________________________ All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. PUB2019/028/EL MIGRATION– CLIMATE CHANGE From a disaster risk management perspective in the municipalities of Bolpebra, San Ignacio de Moxos and Santa Ana del Yacuma Horacio Calle Head of Office – IOM Oscar Cabrera Vice Minister of Civil Defense Technical coordination: Liliana Lorini Lázaro – IOM Contents: Fundación el JISUNÚ del Desarrollo Content review: Heber Romero Velarde – VIDECI Liliana Lorini Lázaro – IOM Foreword Due to climate change, climatic, water, hydraulic, meteorological and biological anomalies, among others, are intensified, creating recurrent adverse events and frequently affecting the most vulnerable sectors of society (communities of indigenous villages and farmers) located mainly in rural areas, and influencing human movement processes. In the Plurinational State of Bolivia, the worst adverse events have occurred in the last three decades with floods, droughts, frost and fires of a powerful nature. The floods in the departments of Pando and Beni and the region north of the La Paz department, has turned these regions into high-risk areas. As a result, the food vulnerability and unsatisfied basic needs (UBN) indexes, in addition to migration rates, shed light on the figures with high criticality. In response to these events, and by paying attention to the existing risks in these regions, the Government of the Plurinational State of Bolivia has proposed guidelines for the plurinational policy on climate change and strategic actions, proposing an approach for disaster risk reduction, which focuses predominantly on the balance and harmony between man and nature, acknowledging the intercultural rights of the indigenous communities and farmers. This study on the relationship between migration and climate change was carried out within the framework of the project, “Migration–climate change in indigenous communities in a situation of vulnerability”, and seeks to contribute to the development of public policies on the basis of a thematic understanding of the migration–climate change relationship, by identifying and characterizing the structural and contingent factors that arise from migratory processes and unplanned human displacements related to the effects of climate change, disasters and/or emergencies. It also aims to identify the strategic lines that form the basis for the development of resilient capacities of local actors (indigenous, rural and municipal communities) that allow for the prevention, preparation, prosecution and confrontation of migratory processes that concern population groups in a state of vulnerability, considering the economic and sociocultural patterns through risk management. Reymi L. Ferreira Justiniano Minister of Defence MIGRATION–CLIMATE CHANGE From a disaster risk management perspective in the municipalities of Bolpebra, San Ignacio de Moxos and Santa Ana del Yacuma iii Contents Foreword ....................................................................................................................................................................................... iii List of figures ................................................................................................................................................................................vi List of maps ..................................................................................................................................................................................vi List of tables ................................................................................................................................................................................vii List of abbreviations and acronyms ....................................................................................................................................ix Executive summary ....................................................................................................................................................................x Chapter 1. Conceptual framework ..............................................................................................................................1 1.1. Climate change ............................................................................................................................................................1 1.1.1. Human-induced climate change ..............................................................................................................1 1.1.2. Climate change impacts .............................................................................................................................2 1.1.3. Climate risk as a result of vulnerability................................................................................................3 1.2. Disaster risk management ....................................................................................................................................11 1.2.1. Disaster risk management in the Plurinational State of Bolivia .............................................12 1.3. Migration ......................................................................................................................................................................15 1.3.1. Internal urban–rural migration .............................................................................................................16 Chapter 2. Methodological reference ......................................................................................................................17 2.1. Methodological description ................................................................................................................................17 2.2. Study instruments ...................................................................................................................................................17 2.2.1. Surveys ...........................................................................................................................................................18 2.2.2. In-depth interviews ...................................................................................................................................19 2.2.3. Focus groups ................................................................................................................................................22 Chapter 3. Geographical and socioeconomic context of municipalities ...........................................23 3.1. Geographical context of the municipalities of Bolpebra, San Ignacio de Moxos and Santa Ana del Yacuma ..................................................................................................................................23 3.1.1. Natural physical aspects of Bolpebra: Location, limits, extension, ecosystems and climate ....................................................................................................................................................24 3.1.2. Natural physical aspects of San Ignacio de Moxos: Location, limits, extension, ecosystems and climate ...........................................................................................................................25 3.1.3. Natural physical aspects of Santa del Yacuma: Location, limits, extension, ecosystems and climate ...........................................................................................................................26 3.2. Territorial planning ..................................................................................................................................................27
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