Prol. Oanaîê Kurdo
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A Study of European, Persian, and Arabic Loans in Standard Sorani
A Study of European, Persian, and Arabic Loans in Standard Sorani Jafar Hasanpoor Doctoral dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Iranian languages presented at Uppsala University 1999. ABSTRACT Hasanpoor, J. 1999: A Study of European, Persian and Arabic Loans in Standard Sorani. Reports on Asian and African Studies (RAAS) 1. XX pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-506-1353-7. This dissertation examines processes of lexical borrowing in the Sorani standard of the Kurdish language, spoken in Iraq, Iran, and the Kurdish diaspora. Borrowing, a form of language contact, occurs on all levels of language structure. In the pre-standard literary Kurdish (Kirmanci and Sorani) which emerged in the pre-modern period, borrowing from Arabic and Persian was a means of developing a distinct literary and linguistic tradition. By contrast, in standard Sorani and Kirmanci, borrowing from the state languages, Arabic, Persian, and Turkish, is treated as a form of domination, a threat to the language, character, culture, and national distinctness of the Kurdish nation. The response to borrowing is purification through coinage, internal borrowing, and other means of extending the lexical resources of the language. As a subordinate language, Sorani is subjected to varying degrees of linguistic repression, and this has not allowed it to develop freely. Since Sorani speakers have been educated only in Persian (Iran), or predominantly in Arabic, European loans in Sorani are generally indirect borrowings from Persian and Arabic (Iraq). These loans constitute a major source for lexical modernisation. The study provides wordlists of European loanwords used by Hêmin and other codifiers of Sorani. -
Yaşayan Diller Enstitüsü Dergisi ISSN: 2147-5679
BiNGÖL ÜNiVERSiTESi � YaşaYAN DiLLER ENSTiTÜSÜ DERGiSi ISSN: 2147-5679 Yıl/Year:1 Cilt/Volume:1 Sayı/Issue:1 Ocak/January 2015 KÜNYE BİNGÖL ÜNİVERSİTESİ YAŞAYAN DİLLER ENSTİTÜSÜ DERGİSİ ISSN: 2147-5679 Sahibi / Owner Bingöl Üniversitesi Yaşayan Diller Enstitüsü Adına Doç. Dr. Nusrettin BOLELLİ Yazı İşleri Müdürü / Editor In Chief Öğr. Gör. Murat VAROL Editörler / Editors Doç. Dr. Nusrettin BOLELLİ Yrd. Doç. Dr. M. Zahir ERTEKİN Okt. Abdullah BEDEVA Öğr. Gör. Murat VAROL Editör Yardımcıları / Editorial Assistants Arş. Gör. Metin ÇİFTÇİ Arş. Gör. Ömer DELİKAYA Arş. Gör. Yusuf AYDOĞDU Okt. Ahmet KESMEZ Dergi Sekreteryası / Secretary of Journal Sadrettin BEKİ / Enstitü Sekreteri Arş . Gör. Yusuf AYDOĞDU Arş. Gör. Ömer DELİKAYA Dergi Tasarım ve Uygulama / Magazine Design Aysel Kazıcı Özalp (ŞemalMedya) Basım Yeri / Place of Publication Berdan Matbaacılık/Sadık Daşdöğen Davutpaşa Cd. Güven San. Sit. C Blok No: 239 Topkapı/İSTANBUL Tel: 0212 613 12 11 Dergi Yazışma Adresi / Correspondence Adress Bingöl Üniversitesi Yaşayan Diller Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, 12100-Bingöl Telefon: 0426 214 00 42 Faks: 0426 214 00 42 Enstitü e-posta: [email protected] Dergi e-posta: [email protected] Yayın Kurulu ve Danışma Kurulu Editorial Board and Advisory Board Prof. Dr. Abdulaziz BEKİ Prof. Dr. Hasan ÇİFTÇİ Prof. Dr. Abdulaziz HATİP Prof. Dr. Mahfuz SÖYLEMEZ Prof. Dr. Abdurrahman ACAR Prof. Dr. Hasan TANRIVERDİ Prof. Dr. Mehmet BARCA Prof. Dr. Abdullah ÖNALAN Prof. Dr. İbrahim ÇAPAK Doç. Dr. Nusrettin BOLELLİ Doç. Dr. Metin YİĞİT Doç. Dr. Hasan ÇİÇEK Doç. Dr. Abdurrahman ADAK Doç. Dr. Vecihi SÖNMEZ Doç. Dr. Mustafa KIRKIZ Doç. Dr. Ousama EKHTIAR Doç. Dr. Orhan BAŞARAN Doç. Dr. Abdullah KIRAN Yrd. -
YEZIDI RELIGIOUS ORAL POETIC LITERATURE: STATUS, FORMAL CHARACTERISTICS, and GENRE ANALYSIS with Some Examples of Yezidi Religious Texts
Khanna Omarkhali Georg-August-Universität Gö ingen kusoyan@uni-goe ingen.de YEZIDI RELIGIOUS ORAL POETIC LITERATURE: STATUS, FORMAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND GENRE ANALYSIS With some examples of Yezidi religious texts Introduction The present work surveys the religious textual heritage of the Yezidis, adherents of the monotheistic, non-proselytizing pre-Islamic Kurdish religion. In this investigation, we explore the publication of Yezidi religious texts and their status, formal characteristics, and lan- guage, as well as the diff erent categories of Yezidi poetic literature. At the end of the paper the Yezidi Declaration of the Faith (Şehdetiya Dîn) and another example of a religious poetic text, Beyta Heyî Malê, both with English translations, are given as illustrations of Yezidi reli- gious poetic literature. This investigation is based on more than thirty sources, including publications in Kurdish and in Arabic, and on unpublished audio and video archives, including some transcribed materials gathered during my fi eld research among Yezidis in Armenia and Iraqi Kurdistan and interviews conducted in Germany. This study is the fi rst scientifi c pre- sentation of these results. The world population of Yezidis is approximately 700,000, that is, about 2.3% of the Kurdish population. They live mainly in Iraqi Kurdistan, in the mountainous region of Shingal and Sheykhan and in the area known as Bashiq and Behzan. They also live in Turkey and in Syria, but the overwhelming majority of this population has moved to Europe, especially to Germany. Yezidis live in several post-Soviet states, mostly in Armenia and Georgia. As a result of the very large emigration from Armenia and Georgia during the post-Soviet period, primarily because of economic hardship, they were forced to move to Russia and Ukraine. -
Kurmanji Kurdish— a Reference Grammar with Selected Readings
—Kurmanji Kurdish— A Reference Grammar with Selected Readings W. M. Thackston ii CONTENTS PHONOLOGY Alphabet and sounds ......................................................................................1 The aspirated and unaspirated stops...............................................................3 Stress ..............................................................................................................4 Orthographic variants.....................................................................................4 Doubled consonants .......................................................................................4 The furtive i....................................................................................................4 SUBSTANTIVES § 1. The Noun.................................................................................................7 § 1.1. Gender..................................................................................................7 § 1.2. Inflection ..............................................................................................7 § 2. Demonstrative Adjectives and Her ‘Every’............................................9 § 3. The Indefinite State ...............................................................................10 § 4. The Primary Construct Case .................................................................11 § 4.1 The Adjectival Construct ....................................................................12 § 5. The Secondary Construct: The Construct Extender..............................14 -
Mullah Mahmûdê Bayazîdî's Auto-Ethnography of the Kurds
_full_journalsubtitle: International Journal for the Study of Modern Islam _full_abbrevjournaltitle: WDI _full_ppubnumber: ISSN 0043-2539 (print version) _full_epubnumber: ISSN 1570-0607 (online version) _full_issue: 4 _full_issuetitle: 0 _full_alt_author_running_head (neem stramien J2 voor dit article en vul alleen 0 in hierna): 0 _full_alt_articletitle_running_head (rechter kopregel - mag alles zijn): Between Islamic Learning and Philological Nationalism _full_is_advance_article: 4 _full_article_language: en indien anders: engelse articletitle: 0 Between Islamic LearningDie Welt and des IslamsPhilological 60 (2020) Nationalism 433-472 433 brill.com/wdi Between Islamic Learning and Philological Nationalism: Mullah Mahmûdê Bayazîdî’s Auto-ethnography of the Kurds Michiel Leezenberg University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands [email protected] Abstract This article deals with the ethnographic and philological works of the nineteenth-cen- tury Kurdish scholar Mullah Mahmûdê Bayazîdî, which mark a crucial stage in the his- tory of vernacular Kurdish-language learning. It turns out that Bayazîdî, although working in the service of the then Russian consul, Auguste Jaba, cannot be called either a “native informant” nor an “orientalist scholar”. After providing some historical back- ground, I discuss Bayazîdî’s main writings and their significance. I then discuss his con- ceptions of language, literature, local tradition or culture, and history, concluding that none of these bears any traces of modern Western philology or romantic nationalism. Hence, his work cannot be qualified as “internalized orientalism”, but, as it is written in a vernacular language, neither can it be wholly assimilated to classical Islamic learning. Keywords Islamic intellectual history – vernacular learning – Kurdish studies – Russian orientalism … For Jan Dost ⸪ © MichielDie Welt des Leezenberg, Islams 60 2020 | doi:10.1163/15700607-00600A09 (2020) 433-472 Downloaded from Brill.com09/24/2021 04:45:04AM This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 license. -
Govarȋ Yekêtȋ Nûseranȋ Kurd / Kurdish Writers: Magazine of the Union of Kurdish Writers
Kurdish Periodicals at the British Library Shelfmark: 19447.m5 Title: Nûserȋ Kurd: Govarȋ Yekêtȋ Nûseranȋ Kurd / Kurdish Writers: Magazine of the Union of Kurdish writers. 1) Jhmare 1 / Number 1 1979 a. Afret û Cuanȋ le Şȋ’rȋ Goranda/Women and Beauty in Goran’s Poetry Kemal Memend / Kamal Mamand (Poetry Analysis) page 08 b. Diłdarȋ Yekȋ Tamezro/ Celal Xoşnaw/ Jalal Khoshnaw (Poetry) page 54 c. Hewary Amcareman Berȋne Laȋ Adeb/ Our Place This Time is to Fall Beside “Literature”. Miḧemmed A’lȋ Qeradaxȋ/ Mohammed Ali Qaradakhy (Poetry) Page 58 d. Şi’re Hewrekan/ Poetry of the Clouds Letȋf Mełmet/Latif Mallmat (Poetry) Page 65 e. Afsaneȋ Řêgaȋ Hat û Nehat / The Myths of the Road of Came and Didn’t Come Řeuf Bêgerd/ Rauf Beagard (Short Story) Page 74 f. Soraxȋ Xeyał/ Anwer Miḧemmed Řeşȋd/ Anwar Mohammed Rashid (Poetry) Page 86 g. Ke Zerdexene Koç Ekat / When a Smile Migrates Miḧemmed Sa’ȋd Hesen/ Mohammed Saed Hassan (Poetry) Page 87 h. Gftugoȋek Legeł Nûserȋ Nasrawȋ Kurd Mamosta Se’ȋd Nakam/ A Discussion with the Famous Writer Saa’ed Nakam Mumtaz Ḧeyderȋ/ Mumtaz Heidary (Interview) page 90 i. Eay Eastêrekan / Oh the Stars Frûghȋ Feřřuxzad, Nezhad ‘Azȋz Sûrmê le Farsȋewe Krdûȋa be Kurdȋ Frughy Ferrukhzad, Translated from Persian to Kurdish by Nazhad Aziz Surme (Poetry) page 99 j. Tarmayȋ/ Řabner Ranat Tagûr, Aḧmed ‘azȋz ‘ali Krdûȋa be Kurdȋ Rabnar Ranat Tagur, Translated into Kurdish by Ahmed Aziz Ali. (Short Story) page 101 k. Xanuȋ Jhmara Heşt / House Number Eight Eaminȋ Mȋrza Kerȋm/ Aminy Mirza Karim (Short Story) Page 106 2) Jhmare 2 / Number 2 1979 a. -
TVENSK.KURDISK JOURNAL Dubbernummer 7-2T1e86.*G2
TVENSK.KURDISK JOURNAL Dubbernummer 7-2t1e86.*g2 De kurdiska barnen i Tirrkiet H. S. Nyberg i Kurdistan www.arsivakurd.orgCeladet Bedirxan och hans livsverk Kurdiska institutet i Paris intervju med Kendal Nezan- SVENSK.KURDISK t JOURNAL Nr 1-2 juni 19E6 ärgäng 2 Innehäll Ledare: Ett tidskriftsär H.S. Nyberg i Kurdistan, Sigrid Nyberg Kahle Kurdiska dialekter och skriftspräk, Bo Utas Dikter av Piramörd och Dildar 12 Cetadet Afi Bedirxan och hans livsverk, Mehmed Uzun 14 Kurdiska institutet i Paris. Interviu med Kendal, Hewraz Germiyani 19 Kurdisk konstutställning i Karlstad 23 Kfassisk och modern kurdisk poesi, Ferhad Shakely 25 Khazö {novelll, lbrahim Ahmad 32 Kurdiska prciektet i Tensta 34 Nya tidskrifter 36 Böcker 1986 37 Bokpresentationer 38 Luddmössan (novell), M. Emin Bozarslan 39 De kurdiska barnen i Turkiet 41 Svensk-Xurdisk Journal Tel: 0Edl 27 51, 96 91 56 I(ulturföreningen Sve ge-Kurdistan är Utkommer med 4 nr,/är Adress: Box 615. 19f 26 Sollentuna en partipolitiskt och religiöst obunden, Postgiro: 4E6 39 33-0 id€ell förening som verkar för att bevara UtgiYen rv: Lösnumm€r: kr 20i och stödja den kurdiska kulturen samt Kulturföreningen Sverige-Kurdistan för ömsesidig förstäelse mellan kurder Ansvrrig utgivrre: Prenum€ration: och svenskar. Rolf Hansson 4 nr 65 kr, som insättes Chefredsklör: pä postgiro nr 486 39 33-0 Ansvaret för innehället i de signerade Ferhadwww.arsivakurd.org Shakely artiklarna vilket inte nddvändigtvis - RcdsktionssekreleIarc: behöver representera redaktionens upp- Christian Räbergh fattning - ligger hos artikelskrivarna Rrdrktion: själva, med undantag av ledaren som är Bakhtiar Amin ett officiellt uttryck för id6erna bakom Farhad Azad tidskriften och den förening den före. -
Thomas Bois the KURDS the Kurds Are One of the Few Peoples of the Middle East Who Have Genuinely Maintained the Dignified and Picturesque Tradi¬ Tions of the Past
Thomas Bois THE KURDS The Kurds are one of the few peoples of the Middle East who have genuinely maintained the dignified and picturesque tradi¬ tions of the past. The work of Father Thomas Bois comes just at the right time to extend our knowledge of this not too well known and frequently misunder¬ stood people. The author after having briefly outlined the origins and history of this Middle Eastern people, presents them vividly before us in their family and social life and their daily occupations. We share in their joys and sorrows. Father Bois is no cold anthropologist. He is filled with a deep human sym¬ pathy for a people whom he obviously loves, and there are passages in this book where he reveals an affection for the people among whom he has lived, which are truly touching. Of extraordinary interest are the accounts of superstitions which sometimes approach the border¬ line of orthodox religion. The picture of Kurdish literature, both written and oral, which he presents so attractively will arouse the curiosity of many. In the light of the last chapter, certain recent events will come into focus which previously were obscure and blurred. LL. 12.50 f w Thomas Bois THE KURDS Translated from the French by Professor M.W.M. Welland 1966 KHAYATS Beirut All rights researved by the Publisher First French Edition... 1965 First English Edition... 1966 Published by Khayat Book & Publishing Company S.A.L. 90-94 Rue Bliss, Beirut, Lebanon Contents Page Chapter 1. Kurdistan 1 Chapter II. In Search of the Kurdish People 7 Chapter III. -
Northern Kurdish Poetic Features with an Application to Translation
Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics Thesis Approval Sheet This thesis, entitled Northern Kurdish poetic features with an application to translation written by Edward Harry Magin Jr. and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with major in Applied Linguistics has been read and approved by the undersigned members of the faculty of the Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics. __________________________________________ Dr. Brenda H. Boerger (Mentor) __________________________________________ Dr. Peter Unseth (Mentor) __________________________________________ Dr. Arden G. Sanders __________________________________________ [date signed] Northern Kurdish poetic features with an application to translation by Edward Harry Magin Jr. Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with major in Applied Linguistics Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics December 2012 © 2012 Edward Harry Magin Jr. All Rights Reserved CERTIFICATE I acknowledge that the use of copyrighted material in my thesis may place me under an obligation to the copyright owner, especially when use of such material exceeds usual fair use provisions. I hereby certify that I have obtained the written permission of the copyright owner for any and all such occurrences and that no portion of my thesis has been copyrighted previously unless properly referenced. I hereby agree to indemnify and hold harmless the Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics from any and all claims that may be asserted or that may arise from any copyright violation. ___________________________________ Signature ___________________________________ Date THESIS DUPLICATION RELEASE I hereby authorize the Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics Library to duplicate this thesis when needed for research and/or scholarship. -
Hâfiz-I Şîrâzî – Melayê Cizîrî Karşilaştirmasi
Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi The Journal of International Social Research Cilt: 8 Sayı: 40 Volume: 8 Issue: 40 Ekim 2015 October 2015 www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581 HÂFIZ-I ŞÎRÂZÎ – MELAYÊ CİZÎRÎ KARŞILAŞTIRMASI (AŞK, GÜL, BÜLBÜL, RİNDE, ZÜHT VE DİNİ SEMBOLLER AÇISINDAN) COMPARISON OF HÂFIZ-I ŞÎRÂZÎ AND MELAYÊ CİZÎRÎ (IN TERMS OF LOVE, ROSE, NIGHTINGALE, BEAUTY, PIETY AND RELIGIOUS SYMBOLS) Nesim SÖNMEZ • Öz Klasik Kürt edebiyatından bahseden kaynaklar, İran edebiyatının Kürt edebiyatına olan etkisinden söz etmektedirler. Bu etkinin ne boyutlarda olduğunun anlaşılabilmesi için her iki edebiyatın değişik açılardan birbirleriyle karşılaştırılması gerekmektedir. Biz bu makalemizde her iki edebiyatın arasındaki etkileşimin ne derce olduğu sorusuna cevap bulmaya katkı sağlamak amacıyla İran Edebiyatının gazel şairi Hâfız-ı Şîrâzî ile Kürt Edebiyatının Gazel şairi Melayê Cizîrî’nin divanlarında; aşk, gül, bülbül, rinde, züht ve dini sembolleri nasıl kullandıklarını araştıracağız. Hâfız-ı Şîrâzî 14. yüzyılda yaşamış büyük bir İran şairi, Melayê Cizîrî ise bazı tartışmalar olmakla beraber 17. yüzyılda yaşamış Kürt edebiyatının büyük şairlerindendir. İki ayrı edebiyatın iki büyük ismini bütün özellikleriyle bir makale çerçevesinde karşılaştırma imkânı olmadığının farkındayız. Bu nedenle konu hakkında genel bir değerlendirmede bulunabilmek amacıyla her iki şairin de gazellerinde aşk, gül, bülbül, rinde, züht ve dini sembolleri nasıl kullandıklarını irdeleyeceğiz ve örnek teşkil etmesi bakımından da her iki şairin birer gazelini ve nesre çevrilmiş halini makalemizin sonunda vereceğiz. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hâfız-ı Şîrâzî, Melayê Cizîrî, Divan, Aşk, Gül, Bülbül ) Abstract Resources making a mention of the Classical Kurdish Literature refer to the influence of İranian Literature over the Kurdish literature. In order for the extent of this influence to be understood, it is necessary to compare those two literatures from various aspects.