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Integrated Water Resource Management Plan for Khar

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Integrated Water Resource Management Plan for Khar INTRODUCTION LOCATION OF KHAR LAKE-KHOVD ENVIRONMENTAL STATE PROTECTED AREA NETWORK The Mongolian Law on Water was revised in 2004, RIVER BASIN Totally 2011,6 thousand hectare of the basin creating legal and regulatory framework for the establish- KHOVD BUYANT RIVER belongs to the existing Special Protected Area ment of broad based stakeholder representation through BASIN COUNCIL network. For instance, while the protected areas River Basin Council and introduction of Integrated Water Khar lake-Khovd river basin is a sub-basin of the Great Lakes’ Depres- e.g. Khukh Serkh Mountain range Strictly Protected Resource Management (IWRM). sion in Western Mongolia that belongs to the Central Asian internal basin. Khar lake-Khovd river basin is unique not only in Mongolia, but also in Area (SPA), Altai Tavan Bogd, Siilkhem Mountain range, Tsambagarav and Khar-Us lake National The Government of Mongolia pays special attention the world with its high mountains distributed by glaciers and permanent Parks (NP) and Mankhan and Devel Aral Nature to the integrated water resource management practice snow covers, deep and wide canoyns, valleys, forests, forest steppe, steppe, Reserves (NR) are entirely included in the basin, and has commenced some actions. For instance, the gobi and desert regions, a number of rivers, streams, lakes, and wetlands in a part (belonging to Munkh-khairkhan soum) of territory of Mongolia was divided into 29 river basins by the western part of the country. Munkh-khairkhan NP and a part (belonging to an order of the Minister for Nature, Environment and Occupied totally 86120.8 sq. km area, the Khar lake-Khovd river basin Bukhmurun soum) of Turgen Mountain SPA and an Tourism in 2009 to introduce IWRM. meets Mongol Altai mountain range in the west, Siilkhem and Chihachev mountain ranges Great Turgen mountain and Mungun Taiga mountain in area in the vicinity of Goojuur waterfall are partially KHOVD BUYANT RIVER the north, Kharkhiraa, Turgen, Buraat and Altan Khuhii mountains and lower included in the basin. Moreover, the State policy documents such as the BASIN COUNCIL Concept of National Security approved in 2010 and Na- parts of Great Lakes’ Depression in the east and Sutai Khairkhan, Darvi To date, 4.3 percent or 86.7 thousand hectare tional Programme on Water specify important details on mountain range and Khuisiin Gobi in the south. of Special Protected Areas situated in the basin sustainable use and protection of water through the intro- The basin is divided into three water balance units: Khovd river, Buyant belongs to Strictly Protected Area, the 91.3 per cent duction and application of IWRM approach and system. river and Khar Us-Durgun lake basins according to the hydrological network. Khovd river basin covers totally 50149.2 sq. km area, Buyant river totally or 1835.8 thousand hectare to National Park and Khovd province Jargalant soum 8393.5 sq.km area and Khar Us-Durgun lake basin totally 27578.2 sq.km 4.4 per cent or 89.0 thousand hectare to Nature Altai Trest building Reserve. area. Figure 4: Protected areas in Khar lake-Khovd river basin Tel: 01432-22228 Fax: 01432-22228 Figure 3: Ecosystems of Khar lake-Khovd river basin Post box: 203 Web site: www.Khovd-gol.mn [email protected] Khar lake-Khovd river basin supports 96 HISTORY, CULTURE AND CUSTOM per cent of glaciers recorded in Mongolia. The ecosystems are greatly affected by the impacts of moderate dry desert and Gobi. Additionally, the HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL SITES basin supports the vulnerable ecosystems with Khar lake-Khovd river basin is quite rich in historical and cultural sites including petroglyphs, INTEGRATED WATER VSHFL¿FDOSLQHFOLPDWLFFRQGLWLRQVIUHVKDQGFROG pictographs, human and deer stones, burial sites, ancient burial mounds and ruins of rock walls. For large and small lakes, originated from the glaciers instance, there is a cave “North Tsenkher” located in Mankhan soum territory, which is as a home of e.g. Khoton, Khurgan and Dayan, the lakes such human beings and its evolution, and pictographs on the cave, Khunnu burial sites on Takhilt and Tar- RESOURCE MANAGEMENT as Khar Us, Khar and Durgun recognized as vagatai mountain ranges, Ishgen Tolgoi and Nukhen Utgu petroglyphs, Bayantumbe grave/burial site, Wetlands of International Importance, especially remains of Stone Age settlements, human stones and the historical sites belonging to Stone, Bronze waterfowl habitats and their surrounding riparian DQG,URQ$JHVDQGWKH.KXQQX6WDWHWKH¿UVW0RQJROLDQ(PSLUHDUHLPSRUWDQWKLVWRULFDOVLWHVLQWKH PLAN FOR KHAR LAKE – areas distributed by reeds and other numerous basin. ecosystems that should be protected at the basin In addition to the petroglyphs and human and animal shaped pictographs, which are regarded as level. outstanding works of ancient people and civilization, the stones and stone monuments with stamps, Photo credits: KHOVD RIVER BASIN The basin, where diverse ecosystems signs, scripts and symbols are abundantly found on Altai mountain range. FRH[LVWVXSSRUWVLWVHQGHPLFIDXQDDQGÀRUD © WWF Mongolia species and the species listed in the national and © Khovd, Buyant River Basin Councils Phase I: 2011-2015; Phase II: 2016-2021 international Red Lists of Endangered Fauna and ETHNOGRAPHY, TRADITION AND CUSTOM © Tony Vorauer Flora species. Thus, it requires more adequate Khovd and Bayan-Ulgii aimags included in Khar lake-Khovd river basin are a home to diverse © S.Tsatsralt ethnic groups and nations. Territories of the aimags have been resided by the multi-nations e.g. the Figure 2: Khar lake-Khovd river basin ecosystem conservation approach and sustain- able use of natural resources. For instance, the Mongols, Kazaks and Tuvas, and the diverse ethnic groups e.g. Zakhchin, Uriankhai, Myangad, Uuld, basin is distributed by endangered species of and Durvud that differ in their origins, religions, languages, household traditions, custom and econom- big mammals such as argali sheep, ibex, snow ic activities since the ancient time. leopard and wild boar; by three endemic sub- Integrated water resource management (IWRM) is regarded a relatively new concept for the coun- Figure 1: 29 water basins of Mongolia species of reptiles (50 % of total species recorded try. However, the concept has been formulated in nomadic living style, traditional animal husbandry in the basin); by 12 endemic species of beetle, practice and their social relations since ancient time. In this meaning, the traditions to protect and pre- IRXUHQGHPLFVXEVSHFLHVDQGWKUHHHQGHPLF¿VK serve water and the friendly relationship e.g. “people from one residential area or river valley” among species. ethnic groups have been well kept by the Mongolians. In support of the government policy, the IWRM has EHHQLQWURGXFHGIRUWKH¿UVWWLPHLQWKH.KDU/DNH.KRYG river basin, facilitated by WWF Mongolia PO and Water Authority. The management plan was approved by an WhyWWF we Mongolia are here. Vision Statement order of the Minister for Nature, Environment and Tourism Ìîíãîë îðîí çýðëýã àí àìüòàí, óðãàìëûí ºëãèé ToAs stop a family the degradation member of WWF,of the planet’sthe international natural con- in September 2010 and will be implemented in 2 phases. íóòàã áàéæ, õ¿í àðä íü áàéãàëüòàéãàà ø¿òýëöýí environmentservation network, and to webuild will a helpfuture Mongolia in which becominghumans a ¿åèéí ¿åä ñýòãýë õàíãàëóóí àìüäðàõ èðýýä¿éã livesafe in homeharmony for wildlife,with nature. where people enjoy a quality of lifeá¿òýýõýä for generations îðøèíî. to come in harmony with nature. Printed by “EKIMTO” Co.,LTD 1 2 3 4 ACTIONS FOR PHASE 1 (2011-2015) KHAR LAKE-KHOVD RIVER BASIN PILOT AREAS TO IMPLEMENT MAIN PRINCIPLES OF CONTENTS FOREWORD In upper part of basin Foreword Take under State and local protection the upstream of rivers such as Sagsai, Baga Oigur, Tsagaan river lower part that are re- Introduction 1 garded as headwaters of Khovd river; Chikhertei, Tavan Salaa and Ganz Mod rivers’ upstreams that are regarded as headwaters INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE IWRM PLAN (2011-2015) MANAGEMENT PLAN 1. RI%X\DQWULYHUVLQFHWKH\DUHLPSRUWDQWIRUWKHFRQVHUYDWLRQRIELRGLYHUVLW\LQFOXGLQJIRUHVW¿VKDQGELUGVDQGVXSSRUWSHUFHQW Location of Khar lake-Khovd river Water is a core of development, prospect and life. However, of river runoff; basin 2 ZDWHUVFDUFLW\DQGSROOXWLRQDUHOLNHO\WREHLQWHQVL¿HGGXHWR MANAGEMENT PLAN: EXPECTED MAIN The actions focused on the water resource conservation and IMPLEMENTATION climate change and distructive human activities in recent years. 2. Expand forestation in Deluun, Sagsai, Ulaan Khus, and Tsengel soums and improve the implementation of forest management plan; VXVWDLQDEOHXVHVSHFL¿HGLQ.KDUODNH.KRYGULYHUEDVLQ,:50 Environmental state 3 Support and encourage the initiatives and efforts to restore and build livestock exclosure around source of natural springs in Tsen- ACHIEVEMENTS OF PHASE 1 (2011-2015) Therefore, the human beings started to focus on development 3. plan will be implemented in the following three areas: Protected Area network 4 and implementation of long term programmes addressed at the gel, Sagsai, Ulaankhus, Bukhmurun, Deluun, Duut, Altantsogts and Nogoonnuur soums; sustainable use, protection and accumulation of water resource. Support and properly manage the pastureland use practices in vicinities of Khoton, Khurgan, Khuiten, Tal and Chikhertei lakes in History, culture and custom 4 4. One of these programmes is integrated water resource man- participation of local herder communities; 1. UPSTREAM AREA OF KHAR LAKE-KHOVD RIVER Water resource of the basin 5 agement (IWRM) plan.Similarly,
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