Botryotina and Botrytis Species
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How Many Fungi Make Sclerotia?
fungal ecology xxx (2014) 1e10 available at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funeco Short Communication How many fungi make sclerotia? Matthew E. SMITHa,*, Terry W. HENKELb, Jeffrey A. ROLLINSa aUniversity of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, USA bHumboldt State University of Florida, Department of Biological Sciences, Arcata, CA 95521, USA article info abstract Article history: Most fungi produce some type of durable microscopic structure such as a spore that is Received 25 April 2014 important for dispersal and/or survival under adverse conditions, but many species also Revision received 23 July 2014 produce dense aggregations of tissue called sclerotia. These structures help fungi to survive Accepted 28 July 2014 challenging conditions such as freezing, desiccation, microbial attack, or the absence of a Available online - host. During studies of hypogeous fungi we encountered morphologically distinct sclerotia Corresponding editor: in nature that were not linked with a known fungus. These observations suggested that Dr. Jean Lodge many unrelated fungi with diverse trophic modes may form sclerotia, but that these structures have been overlooked. To identify the phylogenetic affiliations and trophic Keywords: modes of sclerotium-forming fungi, we conducted a literature review and sequenced DNA Chemical defense from fresh sclerotium collections. We found that sclerotium-forming fungi are ecologically Ectomycorrhizal diverse and phylogenetically dispersed among 85 genera in 20 orders of Dikarya, suggesting Plant pathogens that the ability to form sclerotia probably evolved 14 different times in fungi. Saprotrophic ª 2014 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved. Sclerotium Fungi are among the most diverse lineages of eukaryotes with features such as a hyphal thallus, non-flagellated cells, and an estimated 5.1 million species (Blackwell, 2011). -
Abbey-Joel-Msc-AGRI-October-2017.Pdf
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF BOTRYTIS BLOSSOM BLIGHT IN WILD BLUEBERRY (VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM AITON) by Abbey, Joel Ayebi Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia October, 2017 © Copyright by Abbey, Joel Ayebi, 2017 i TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED ................................................... xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................. xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.0. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Hypothesis and Objectives ....................................................................................... 3 1.1.1. Hypothesis .......................................................................................................... 3 1.1.2. Objectives: .......................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Literature -
Three New Species of B Otryotinia on Ranunculaceae1
THREE NEW SPECIES OF B OTRYOTINIA ON RANUNCULACEAE1 G. L. HENNEBERT2 Institut agronomique, Universite de Louvain, Hervelee, Belgium AND J. W. GROVES3 Research Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada Received October 10, 1962 Abstract Three new species of Botryotinia on Caltha palustris L., Ranunculus septen- trionalis Poir., and Ficaria verna Huds. (Ranunculaceae) are described as B. calthae Hennebert and Elliott, B. ranunculi Hennebert and Groves, and B. ficariarum Hennebert. Each of the three species has a Botrytis state of the 73. cinerea complex, and they thus constitute additions to the species already segregated from that complex, i.e. Botryotinia fuckeliana, 73. convoluta, B. draytoni, and B. pelargonii. The Botrytis state of B. ficariarum can be distinguished morp hologically. While B. ranunculi is a North American species and B. ficariarum an European one, B. calthae is reported from both continents. Introduction Botryotinia, a genus of the Sclerotiniaceae, was erected by Whetzel (1945) for four species formerly assigned to Sclerotinia Fuckel, but which differ from the true Sclerotinia species mainly in their erumpent, planoconvexoid sclerotia which are firmly attached to the substrate, and in the possession of a conidial state belonging to the form-genus Botrytis Pers. The type species is Botryotinia convoluta (Drayton) Whetzel in which the conidial state is a Botrytis of the cinerea type or B. cinerea sensu lato, and the other species included were Botryotinia fuckeliana (De Bary) Whetzel, of which the conidial state is Botrytis cinerea Pers. or B. cinerea sensu stricto, and Botryotinia ricini (Godfrey) Whetz. and B. porri (v. Beyma) Whetz. In the latter two species the conidial states would not be considered Botrytis species of the cinerea type. -
Potential of Yeasts As Biocontrol Agents of the Phytopathogen Causing Cacao Witches' Broom Disease
fmicb-10-01766 July 30, 2019 Time: 15:35 # 1 REVIEW published: 31 July 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01766 Potential of Yeasts as Biocontrol Agents of the Phytopathogen Causing Cacao Witches’ Broom Disease: Is Microbial Warfare a Solution? Pedro Ferraz1,2, Fernanda Cássio1,2 and Cândida Lucas1,2* 1 Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, 2 Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Edited by: Sibao Wang, Plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens are responsible for major crop losses Shanghai Institutes for Biological worldwide, with a significant socio-economic impact on the life of millions of people Sciences (CAS), China who depend on agriculture-exclusive economy. This is the case of the Witches’ Reviewed by: Mika Tapio Tarkka, Broom Disease (WBD) affecting cacao plant and fruit in South and Central America. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental The severity and extent of this disease is prospected to impact the growing global Research (UFZ), Germany chocolate market in a few decades. WBD is caused by the basidiomycete fungus Ram Prasad, Amity University, India Moniliophthora perniciosa. The methods used to contain the fungus mainly rely on *Correspondence: chemical fungicides, such as copper-based compounds or azoles. Not only are these Cândida Lucas highly ineffective, but also their utilization is increasingly restricted by the cacao industry, [email protected] in part because it promotes fungal resistance, in part related to consumers’ health Specialty section: concerns and environmental awareness. Therefore, the disease is being currently This article was submitted to tentatively controlled through phytosanitary pruning, although the full removal of infected Fungi and Their Interactions, a section of the journal plant material is impossible and the fungus maintains persistent inoculum in the soil, Frontiers in Microbiology or using an endophytic fungal parasite of Moniliophthora perniciosa which production Received: 07 March 2019 is not sustainable. -
Isolation and Characterization of Botrytis Antigen from Allium Cepa L. and Its Role in Rapid Diagnosis of Neck Rot
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) |Volume VIII, Issue V, May 2021|ISSN 2321-2705 Isolation and characterization of Botrytis antigen from Allium cepa L. and its role in rapid diagnosis of neck rot Prabin Kumar Sahoo1, Amrita Masanta2, K. Gopinath Achary3, Shikha Singh4* 1,2,4 Rama Devi Women’s University, Vidya Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India 3Imgenex India Pvt. Ltd, E-5 Infocity, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Corresponding author* Abstract: Early and accurate diagnosis of neckrot in onions and B. aclada are the predominant species reported to cause permits early treatment which can enhance yield and its storage. neck rot of onion, these species are difficult to distinguish In the present study, polyclonal antibody (pAb) raised against morphologically because of similar growth patterns on agar the protein extract from Botrytis allii was established for the media, and overlapping spore sizes [4]. detection of neck rot using serological assays. The pathogenic proteins were recognized by ELISA with high sensitivity (50 ng). Recent studies of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer Correlation coefficient between infected onions from different (ITS) region of the genome of Botrytis spp. associated with stages and from different agroclimatic zones with antibody titres neck rot of onion have confirmed the existence of three was taken as the primary endpoint for standardization of the distinct groups [5]. These include a smaller-spored group with protocol. Highest positive correlation (r ¼ 0.999) was observed in 16 mitotic chromosomes, (B. aclada AI), a larger-spored stage I and II infected samples of North-western zone, whereas low negative correlation (r ¼ _0.184) was found in stage III group with 16 mitotic chromosomes (B. -
Contrasting Effects of Necrotrophic and Biotrophic Plant Pathogens on the Aphid Aphis Fabae
Contrasting effects of necrotrophic and biotrophic plant pathogens on the aphid Aphis fabae Article Accepted Version Al-Naemi, F. and Hatcher, P. (2013) Contrasting effects of necrotrophic and biotrophic plant pathogens on the aphid Aphis fabae. Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 148 (3). pp. 234-245. ISSN 0013-8703 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12091 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/33136/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12091 Publisher: Wiley All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Contrasting effects of necrotrophic and biotrophic plant pathogens on the aphid Aphis fabae Fatima Al-Naemi* & Paul E Hatcher School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK * Current address: Qatar University, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 2713 Corresponding author: P E Hatcher, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK, e-mail: [email protected] Author Contributions: FAN and PEH conceived and designed the experiments, FAN performed the experiments, FAN and PEH analysed the data and wrote the manuscript. 1 Abstract Phytophagous insects have to contend with a wide variation in food quality brought about by a variety of factors intrinsic and extrinsic to the plant. -
Botrytis: Biology, Pathology and Control Botrytis: Biology, Pathology and Control
Botrytis: Biology, Pathology and Control Botrytis: Biology, Pathology and Control Edited by Y. Elad The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel B. Williamson Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, U.K. Paul Tudzynski Institut für Botanik, Münster, Germany and Nafiz Delen Ege University, Izmir, Turkey A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-1-4020-6586-6 (PB) ISBN 978-1-4020-2624-9 (HB) ISBN 978-1-4020-2626-3 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper Front cover images and their creators (in case not mentioned, the addresses can be located in the list of book authors) Top row: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of conidiophores and attached conidia in Botrytis cinerea, top view (left, Brian Williamson) and side view (right, Yigal Elad); hypothetical cAMP-dependent signalling pathway in B. cinerea (middle, Bettina Tudzynski). Second row: Identification of a drug mutation signature on the B. cinerea transcriptome through macroarray analysis - cluster analysis of expression of genes selected through GeneAnova (left, Muriel Viaud et al., INRA, Versailles, France, reprinted with permission from ‘Molecular Microbiology 2003, 50:1451-65, Fig. 5 B1, Blackwell Publishers, Ltd’); portion of Fig. 1 chapter 14, life cycle of B. cinerea and disease cycle of grey mould in wine and table grape vineyards (centre, Themis Michailides and Philip Elmer); confocal microscopy image of a B. cinerea conidium germinated on the outer surface of detached grape berry skin and immunolabelled with the monoclonal antibody BC-12.CA4 and anti-mouse FITC (right, Frances M. -
Preliminary Classification of Leotiomycetes
Mycosphere 10(1): 310–489 (2019) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes Ekanayaka AH1,2, Hyde KD1,2, Gentekaki E2,3, McKenzie EHC4, Zhao Q1,*, Bulgakov TS5, Camporesi E6,7 1Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 3School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 4Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand 5Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, 2/28 Yana Fabritsiusa Street, Sochi 354002, Krasnodar region, Russia 6A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy. 7A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314 Brescia, Italy. Ekanayaka AH, Hyde KD, Gentekaki E, McKenzie EHC, Zhao Q, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E 2019 – Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes. Mycosphere 10(1), 310–489, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Abstract Leotiomycetes is regarded as the inoperculate class of discomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. Taxa are mainly characterized by asci with a simple pore blueing in Melzer’s reagent, although some taxa have lost this character. The monophyly of this class has been verified in several recent molecular studies. However, circumscription of the orders, families and generic level delimitation are still unsettled. This paper provides a modified backbone tree for the class Leotiomycetes based on phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF, and RPB2 loci. In the phylogenetic analysis, Leotiomycetes separates into 19 clades, which can be recognized as orders and order-level clades. -
DISSERTAÇÃO Seleção De Agentes De Controle Biológico Contra Stromatinia Cepivora.Pdf
VANESSA CARVALHO CÂNDIDO SELEÇÃO DE AGENTES DE CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO CONTRA Stromatinia cepivora LAVRAS – MG 2019 VANESSA CARVALHO CÂNDIDO SELEÇÃO DE AGENTES DE CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO CONTRA Stromatinia cepivora Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia/Fitopatologia, área de concentração em Fitopatologia, para obtenção do título de Mestre. Prof. Dr. Jorge Teodoro de Souza Orientador LAVRAS - MG 2019 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo Sistema de Geração de Ficha Catalográfica da Biblioteca Universitária da UFLA, com dados informados pelo(a) próprio(a) autor(a). Cândido, Vanessa Carvalho. Seleção de agentes de controle biológico contra Stromatinia cepivora / Vanessa Carvalho Cândido. - 2019. 39 p. : il. Orientador(a): Jorge Teodoro de Souza. Dissertação (mestrado acadêmico) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2019. Bibliografia. 1. Podridão branca. 2. Controle biológico. 3. Trichoderma. I. Souza, Jorge Teodoro de. II. Título. VANESSA CARVALHO CÂNDIDO SELEÇÃO DE AGENTES DE CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO CONTRA Stromatinia cepivora Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia/Fitopatologia, área de concentração em Fitopatologia, para obtenção do título de Mestre. APROVADA em 28 de setembro de 2019 Dr. Jorge Teodoro de Souza UFLA Dr. Everaldo Antônio Lopes UFV Dr. Phellippe Arthur Santos Marbach UFRB Prof. Dr. Jorge Teodoro de Souza Orientador LAVRAS - MG 2019 À minha mãe Marlene que nunca mediu esforços para tornar meus sonhos realidade, ao Gabriel, meu grande incentivador. DEDICO AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a Deus por me iluminar durante esse desafio, sempre me guiar e colocar tantas pessoas boas em meu caminho. À minha mãe Marlene pelo amor incondicional e apoio em cada passo, ao meu pai, Cipriano, que está sempre presente em minhas decisões, vó Docha, madrinhas e a toda minha família por estarem sempre ao meu lado. -
Thesis FINAL PRINT
Preface This study was conducted at the Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (IKBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB) during November 2009 to November 2010. My supervisors were Professor Dr Arne Tronsmo and PhD student Md. Hafizur Rahman, Department of IKBM, UMB. I express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to Professor Arne Tronsmo and Dr. Linda Gordon Hjeljord for their dynamic guidance throughout the period of the study, constant encouragement, constructive criticism and valuable suggestion during preparation of the thesis. I also want to thank Md. Hafizur Rahman for his guidance during my research work. Moreover I express my sincere gratitude to Grethe Kobro and Else Maria Aasen and all other staffs and workers at IKBM, UMB for their helpful co-operation to complete the research work in the laboratory. Last but not the least; I feel the heartiest indebtedness to Sabine and my family members for their patient inspirations, sacrifices and never ending encouragement. Ås, January 2011 Latifur Rahman Shovan i Abstract This thesis has been focused on methods to control diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea. B. cinerea causes grey mould disease of strawberry and chickpea, as well as many other plants. The fungal isolates used were isolated from chickpea leaf (Gazipur, Bangladesh) or obtained from the Norwegian culture collections of Bioforsk (Ås) and IKBM (UMB). Both morphological and molecular characterization helped to identify the fungal isolates as Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea 101 and B. cinerea-BD), Trichoderma atroviride, T. asperellum Alternaria brassicicola, and Mucor piriformis. The identity of one fungal isolate, which was obtained from the culture collection of Bioforsk under the name Microdochium majus, could not be confirmed in this study. -
Diversité Écologique Et Fonctionnelle Des Champignons Décomposeurs De Bois : L’Influence Du Substrat De La Communauté À L’Enzyme Yann Mathieu
Diversité écologique et fonctionnelle des champignons décomposeurs de bois : l’influence du substrat de la communauté à l’enzyme Yann Mathieu To cite this version: Yann Mathieu. Diversité écologique et fonctionnelle des champignons décomposeurs de bois : l’influence du substrat de la communauté à l’enzyme. Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]. Université de Lorraine, 2012. Français. tel-02811550 HAL Id: tel-02811550 https://hal.inrae.fr/tel-02811550 Submitted on 6 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. AVERTISSEMENT Ce document est le fruit d'un long travail approuvé par le jury de soutenance et mis à disposition de l'ensemble de la communauté universitaire élargie. Il est soumis à la propriété intellectuelle de l'auteur. Ceci implique une obligation de citation et de référencement lors de l’utilisation de ce document. D'autre part, toute contrefaçon, plagiat, reproduction illicite encourt une poursuite pénale. Contact : [email protected] LIENS Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 122. 4 Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 335.2- L 335.10 http://www.cfcopies.com/V2/leg/leg_droi.php http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/infos-pratiques/droits/protection.htm U.F.R. -
GRAS Notice for Pichia Kudriavzevii ASCUSDY21 for Use As a Direct Fed Microbial in Dairy Cattle
GRAS Notice for Pichia kudriavzevii ASCUSDY21 for Use as a Direct Fed Microbial in Dairy Cattle Prepared for: Division of Animal Feeds, (HFV-220) Center for Veterinary Medicine 7519 Standish Place Rockville, Maryland 20855 Submitted by: ASCUS Biosciences, Inc. 6450 Lusk Blvd Suite 209 San Diego, California 92121 GRAS Notice for Pichia kudriavzevii ASCUSDY21 for Use as a Direct Fed Microbial in Dairy Cattle TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 – SIGNED STATEMENTS AND CERTIFICATION ................................................................................... 9 1.1 Name and Address of Organization .............................................................................................. 9 1.2 Name of the Notified Substance ................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Intended Conditions of Use .......................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Statutory Basis for the Conclusion of GRAS Status ....................................................................... 9 1.5 Premarket Exception Status .......................................................................................................... 9 1.6 Availability of Information .......................................................................................................... 10 1.7 Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552 .................................................................................. 10 1.8 Certification ................................................................................................................................