Antibacterial and Antifungal Effect of Iodoform Containing Gauze
Antibacterial and antifungal effect of iodoform containing gauze
C. Wiegand1, M. Abel2, P. Ruth2, U.-C. Hipler1 1Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Jena, Germany 2Lohmann & Rauscher GmbH & Co. KG, Rengsdorf, Germany
Introduction 10 Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogen of 9 nosocomial infections and thus complicating the patient’s 8 treatment. Facultative pathogenic enterobacteria, like Klebsiella 7 pneumoniae, are normally innocuous, but can lead to infection of 6 wounds. Fungi such as Candida albicans are also facultative 5 pathogenic but the colonization may result in mycosis. The 4 gauze spread of these pathogens can only be inhibited through 3
microbial growth (log) Opraclean 2 consistent hygiene sanctions and preventive disinfectant actions. iodoform gauze 1 The antimicrobial activity of iodoform (active agent: iodine) has iodoform "forte" gauze 0 been discovered early for the use in medicine. It can rapidly 0 5 10 15 20 25 penetrate the cell walls of microorganism. The mechanism of incubation time (h) action by which iodine kills, is the damaging of microbial proteins Fig. 2: Effect of iodoform containing gauzes on the growth of through oxidation of amino acids and the reaction with the Klebsiella pneumoniae (mean r SE) carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) of unsaturated fatty acids [1]. Thus, leading to disorders in protein folding and changes in Results membrane properties. We have tested three different iodoform All three iodoform containing gauzes showed a comparable containing gauzes according to the JIS L 1902 for antibacterial strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus (Fig. 1) and and antifungal activity. Klebsiella pneumoniae (Fig. 2). They were also able to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans significantly (Fig.3). 7 8 6 gauze 7 Opraclean 5 iodoform gauze 6 4 iodoform "forte" gauze 5 3 gauze 4 2 Opraclean 3 microbial growth (log) growth microbial iodoform gauze 1 iodoform "forte" gauze 2 microbial growth (log) 0 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 incubation time (h) 0 5 10 15 20 25 Fig. 1: Growth of Staphylococcus aureus under the influence of incubation time (h) iodoform containing gauzes (mean ± SE). Fig. 3: Candida albicans growth under treatment with iodoform containing gauzes (mean ± SE). Material & Methods Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Klebsiella pneumoniae Conclusions (ATCC 4352), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) were Iodoform containing gauzes exhibit a distinct antibacterial and chosen to monitor the antimicrobial effect. According to the antifungal activity. Their use for tamponade and drainage JIS L 1902 norm samples of 400 mg of the iodoform should help to prevent wound infections and treatment containing gauzes were used. Gauze without iodoform was complications such as inflammation and syrinx formation. used as reference material. The samples were incubated with Table 1: Results of the tests for antibacterial and antfungal activity of the experimental pathogens up to 24h at 37°C under aerobic iodoform containing gauzes according to th JIS L 1902 conditions. Staphylococcus Klebsiella Candida rating: aureus pneumoniae albicans no antimicrobial activity = < 0.5 log microbial growth reduction strong strong significant O slight antimicrobial activity = 0.5 - 1 log microbial growth reduction (69,7%) (61,9%) (31,6%) significant antimicrobial activity = >1 - 3 log microbial growth reduction strong strong significant Iodoform gauze strong antimicrobial activity = >3 log microbial growth reduction (85,2%) (56,9%) (33,9%) (percent inhibition of microbial growth compared to gauze control) strong strong significant Iodoform „forte“ gauze (100%) (54,6%) (34,4%) Lohmann & Rauscher products Gauze: Gazin® O: Opraclean® References Iodoform gauze: Lohmann & Rauscher Jodoform 1. Kitagawa E. et al. Effects of iodine on global gene expression in Saccharomyces Iodoform „forte“ gauze: Lohmann & Rauscher Jodoform “forte” cerevisiae. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2005; 69(12):2285-93.
18th Conference of the European Wound Management Association (EWMA), 14.-16. May 2008 Lisbon