Appendix A: the Statements

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APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS

STATEMENTS OF PALESTINIANS DEMONIZING ISRAELIS

# Date Elite Statement Reference

1 18 Jul Awni Abd Ben-Gurion as infl icting “horrible Meeting between 1934 Al-Hadi, evil” upon Palestinians: “You David Ben-Gurion president [Ben-Gurion] are active in tempting and president of the of the the fellahin, taking over their lands by Palestinian Istiqlal Palestinian means of the greatest calamity and Party, PASSIA, Istiqlal Party horrible evil with which we are vol. 1, p. 306 affl icted” 2 28 PLO Forces of international Zionism National Covenant May document and colonialism as “evil”: “We, the of the Palestine 1964 Palestinian Arab people, who faced Liberation the forces of evil, injustice and Organization, First aggression, against whom the forces Arab Palestine of international Zionism and Congress, Jerusalem, colonialism conspired and worked to PASSIA, displace it, dispossess it from its vol. 2, p. 231 homeland and property, abused what is holy in it and who in spite of all this refused to weaken or submit” (continued )

# Date Elite Statement Reference

3 14 Jul Muhammad Character description of Israel as BBC Summary of 1979 Ash-Sha’ir, brutal, criminal, evil, destructive, World Broadcasts PLO rep. in and with calculated intent to harm : (Lexis Nexis). Moscow “Israel…is an executive instrument Source: Moscow and a criminal tool in the hands of radio in Arabic 1700 world Zionism, which since its GMT 12 Jul 1979 inception has undertaken to spread evil and destruction in the world. It pursues a policy of domination and trickery, creates sedition and attacks any liberation movement or progressive tendency. Worst of all it persists with the connivance of the USA, with the implementation of its frightful plan to impose occupation and domination, to usurp land and kill children, women and old people – as Israel is most brutally doing in southern Lebanon. Israel exposed its grave designs and sinister aggressive spirit when it declared through its Cabinet that it will destroy the Palestinians wherever they may be” 4 28 Jan Yasser Arafat Begin’s methods as worse than the BBC Summary of 1981 Devil: “The whole world also heard World Broadcasts the Prime Minister of the enemy, (Lexis Nexis) 30 Menachem Begin, declaring that he January 1981. will fi ght the PLO and the strugglers Source: Excerpts in the Palestinian revolution with from Arafat’s speech methods which even the Devil has on “Voice of not thought of” Palestine”

5 17 Jul Yasser Arafat US-Zionist oppressor and its “evils, BBC Summary of 1981 terrorism, crime and unequalled World Broadcasts ferocity”: “Brothers, beloved ones, (Lexis Nexis) 20 Jul sons of our heroic Lebanese, Palestinian 1981. Source: people, every man, woman and child; Excerpts from my beloved steadfast ones against the recorded message on terrorist murderers, beloved faithful, “Voice of Palestine” patient ones stationed in the most important arena of the struggle in our Arab nation and in the strongest fortress of Arab steadfastness against the US-Zionist oppressor and all its evils, terrorism, crimes and unequalled ferocity” (continued ) APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS 197

# Date Elite Statement Reference

6 4 Mar Ali Hasan, Zionism as the Devil: “Zionism is BBC Summary of 1982 Arafat’s the Devil, we do not negotiate with World Broadcasts assistant it; anyway, it will not survive for (Lexis Nexis) long” 5 March 1982. Source: Israel television service 7 28 Jul Yasser Arafat Zionist force as evil: “…these evil Letter to King Fahd 1988 Zionist forces have as their objective bin Abdalaziz, BBC the destruction of the Al-Aqsa Summary of World mosque and the Dome of the Rock” Broadcasts (Lexis Nexis) 8 18 Aug Hamas Zionist invasion as “evil,” devious Covenant of the 1988 Covenant and sinful: “The Zionist invasion is a Islamic Resistance vicious invasion. It does not refrain Movement of from resorting to all methods, using all Palestine (Hamas), evil and contemptible ways to achieve PASSIA, vol. 4, its end. It relies greatly in its infi ltration p. 18 and espionage operations on the secret organizations it gave rise to…All these organizations, whether secret or open, work in the interest of Zionism and according to its instructions. They aim at undermining societies, destroying values, corrupting consciences, deteriorating character and annihilating Islam. It is behind the drug trade and alcoholism in all its kinds so as to facilitate its control and expansion” 9 18 Aug Hamas Oppressors as “unclean, vile and Ibid. 1988 Covenant evil”: “calls upon Muslims to raise the banner of Jihad in the face of the oppressors, so that they will rid the land and the people of their uncleanness, vileness and evils”

10 13 PLO radio Israel’s “evil doings and sins”: “… BBC Summary of May broadcast the existence, meaning and destiny of World Broadcasts 1989 Israel are linked to the wish of the US (Lexis Nexis) administration and to the US military, political and economic umbrella that shields Israel from the consequences of its evil doings and sins, including its daily offi cial, systematized terrorism against our kinfolk in the occupied territories” (continued ) 198 APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS

# Date Elite Statement Reference

11 4 Mar Jibril Rajoub, Settlers to hell: “Rabin has to Israel’s War against 1994 former head remove all the settlers from the West Terror. Source: of Preventive Bank and Gaza and transfer them to Yediot Ahronot Security hell” Force in the West Bank 12 4 May Imad Selling the soul to the Devil: “He BBC Summary of 1994 al-Alami, added that Palestine was not owned World Broadcasts Hamas by those who sold themselves to the (Lexis Nexis) devil, including the Arafatist 6 May 1994. leadership, which disowned our Source: Al-Quds people’s revolution, struggle, and all Palestinian Arab Islamic and Arab values” Radio in Arabic 13 7 Aug Yasser Arafat Settlements as “demon”: “The most New York Times 1996 important thing is to confront this (Lexis Nexis) demon that swallows up everything, including the peace process” 14 15 Mar Othman Abu Character trait: “We are fi ghting and Israel’s War against 1997 Gharbieh, struggling with an enemy who is Terror. Source: Arafat’s Shylock. We must know that he is Voice of Palestine adviser on Shylock” national political guidance 15 17 Mar Nabil Accusation of deliberate harm: Quote from a 1997 Ramlawi, “Israeli authorities…infected by session of the UN Palestinian injection 300 Palestinian children Commission on representative with the HIV virus during the years Human Rights in of the intifada” Geneva. Cited in Israel’s War against Terror. Source: Jerusalem Post

16 29 Mar PA Israeli governments’ deliberate Israel’s War against 1997 Information harm: “Since the very beginning of Terror. Source: a Ministry press the Arab-Israeli confl ict, Israeli “PA source” release governments were anxious to apply the most dangerous ethnic cleansing theory against the Palestinian people” (continued ) APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS 199

# Date Elite Statement Reference

17 25 Jun Abdel Hamid Accusation of deliberate harm: Israel’s War against 1997 al-Qudsi, PA “Israel is distributing food containing Terror. Source: deputy material that causes cancer and Yediot Ahronot minister of hormones that harm male virility and supplies other spoiled food products in the Palestinian Authority’s territories in order to poison and harm the Palestinian population. We absolutely feel that it is an organized plan and conspiracy which is under the auspices of the Israel Defense Forces… this is a planned and initiated war against the Palestinian people” 18 9 Jul Abdel Hamid Israeli mafi a and generals’ deliberate Speech at the 1997 al-Qudsi, PA harm: “There is an Israeli mafi a which Chamber of deputy is distributing spoiled food products Commerce. Cited in minister of under the aegis of Israeli generals in the Israel’s War against supplies territories of the Palestinian Authority… Terror. Source: Itim they are distributors of death” news agency 19 17 Mar Hamas Occupation as “evil”: “Hamas called BBC Summary of 1998 website on the foreign ministers of the World Broadcasts Organization of the Islamic Conference (Lexis Nexis). [OIC] to affi rm the right of the Source: Hamas Palestinian people to resist against website in Arabic occupation using all available means, thus expressing their rejection of the occupation and repulsing it and its evils” 20 18 Jun Hamas The Oslo agreements as evil: “We Statement to 1998 emphasize that our acceptance to this President Yasser meeting is not in any way linked with Arafat regarding the consultations on the composition of negotiations with the governmental council, which is the PA, PASSIA, part of the evil Oslo Agreements, vol. 5, p. 356 which have been rejected by our people as well as by our movement”

21 18 Aug Ibrahim Israeli leaders’ secret “evil “Israeli report proof 1998 Nimre designs”: “Israeli leaders speak about of rampant racism” Hussein, equality and co-existence in public by Khalid Amayreh former mayor and plot evil designs against us in in Middle East of the Arab secret” Newsfi le (Lexis town of Shafa Nexis) Amre in the Galilee (continued ) 200 APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS

# Date Elite Statement Reference

22 3 Nov PA TV Jews as seeds of Satan: “The Jews Israel’s War against 1998 Religious are the seed of Satan and the devils…. Terror. Source: Broadcast To their Prophets they attribute the “a PA religious greatest of crimes: murder, broadcast” prostitution, and drunkenness….They have distorted the faith and exchanged the gift of God for heresy, rebellion and prostitution, and distorted the Torah” 23 12 Sep Yasser Arafat Sinful and vicious attempts: “Sinful Remarks on the 1999 and vicious attempts are now being Sharm el-Sheikh made to cast despair and frustration memorandum to the in the hearts of the Palestinian Arab foreign refugees, to undermine their splendid ministers council, patriotic steadfastness, which has Cairo, PASSIA, protected the Palestinian cause from vol. 6, p. 21 being wasted and forgotten. This is the outcome of a tremendous colonialist conspiracy against our people” 24 18 Oct Former Bringing the devil into the Middle Cited in Harvey 2000 Hamas East: “The Israelis have brought the Morris, “Violence member Devil into the Middle East” has quashed signs of Ismail Abu development in Shanab Palestinian Territories”, Financial Times (Lexis Nexis) 25 17 Fuad Abu Settlers as “rats”: “The settlers are a Al-Hayat Al-Jedida, Nov Hijleh, dirty stain on our land....It is time to November 3, 2000, 2000 columnist in begin expelling them by besieging MEMRI, Special PA offi cial them, cutting off their electricity, and Dispatch No. 153 newspaper contaminating their water.…They will become groups of rats gathering in their sewers before they are driven away into Israel” (continued ) APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS 201

# Date Elite Statement Reference

26 2001 PA-sponsored Jewish “treacherous” character Palestinian Media schoolbook traits: “One must beware of the Jews Watch “Kill a for they are treacherous and disloyal” Jew – and go to heaven”, Special report, 2005 27 25 Jan Yasser Abed Sharon as “a blood-thirsty racist” Ha’aretz 2001 Rabbo, PA thus electing him is “an evil act”: (Lexis Nexis) information “The victory of Ariel Sharon will minister lead to disaster and war.” He said electing Sharon would be “an evil act” because he is a “blood-thirsty racist who has no sense of responsibility toward his own people” 28 6 Dec Ahmad Hillis, Sharon as “a blood-thirsty racist” BBC Monitoring 2001 the Fatah thus electing him is “an evil act”: Middle East (Lexis secretary in “No doubt, the escalating pace of the Nexis) 6 December the Gaza strip ugly Israeli aggression and the 2001. Source: widening circle of Israeli attacks are Palestine TV, Gaza, part of a carefully-studied programme in Arabic prepared by the government of terrorism in Israel against our Palestinian people, their National Authority, institutions and factions.... We hold the government of the butcher Sharon and the entire international community fully responsible for this hostile aggression and for all the repercussions that will come forth from this aggression…We want to stress that the only thing worthy of being called terrorism is the Israeli occupation. The Israeli occupation is the peak of offi cial and systematic state-sponsored terrorism. Israel is devoting the most powerful military force in the region to slaughter an unarmed people and to chase after children using American Apaches” (continued ) 202 APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS

# Date Elite Statement Reference

29 16 Dec Yasser Arafat Israelis launching an immoral and Address to the 2001 malicious war: “From the depth of this Palestinian People, agony and this epic endurance of our PASSIA, vol. 6, people and institutions, I declare that p. 277 this immoral and malicious war will not break the resolve of this great people, nor will it taint the will and pride of a people that stands fi rm in the face of indignity, as history has stood witness” 30 27 Mar Yasser Arafat Occupying forces as treacherous: Speech to the 14th 2002 “While our people are still burying Arab Summit, their martyrs and healing the wounds Beirut, PASSIA, of their children, their youth, their vol. 6, p. 306 elderly and their women; while facing the winter of this year under the ruins of their homes which were destroyed and in the midst of the debris of all that we have built during the last few years, in terms of infrastructures that were also repeatedly destroyed by the treacherous occupying forces” 31 14 Apr Khader Abas, Character description of Israelis: “Anti-semitism in 2002 lecturer in “The Israelis brought on themselves… arab-muslim media” psychology at in every society they lived, disasters on Gaza’s and massacres: fi rst, they concentrated Discoverthenetwork. Al-Aksa money in their hands, denying it to org Source: PA TV University on others. Second, they spied against the PA TV nations where they lived. And the third, important and basic aspect they [behaved as though they] were superior. These three elements created hatred [of Jews]” 32 20 May Ahmad Jibril, A triangle of evil: “We know they – Al-Jazeera 2002 secretary that triangle of evil are capable of (Lexis Nexis) general of the getting us, and they did this time. But PLFP that doesn’t mean they will succeed – be able to get us every time” 33 8 Aug Imud Falouji, The Jewish nation as deceitful: Jewish Virtual 2002 PA communi- “The Jewish nation, it is known, from Library. Source: cations the dawn of history, from the time PA TV minister Allah created them, lives by scheme and deceit” (continued ) APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS 203

# Date Elite Statement Reference

34 6 Feb Ahmad Israel as a “satanic offspring”: Palestinian Media 2004 Nasser, “Israel, the State of Israel, is the Watch. Source: secretary of Satan’s offspring, a Satanic offspring. PA TV the PLC Israel was founded on theft from the fi rst moment. It was founded on the basis of robbery, terror, killing, torture, assassination, death, stealing land and killing people. On this basis, Israel was founded and will continue this way, never able to exist because its [Israel’s] birth was unnatural, a Satanic offspring, and cannot exist among human beings… Israel is an aggressive country, a racist country, an ideologically hostile country, which hates all the goyim , all the foreigners. Israel is a Satanic offspring” 35 Mar Sheikh Zionists as “evil” and not worthy Letter to the Arab 2004 Ahmed of negotiating with: “Our people Summit Meeting in Yassin, Hamas need economic support to boost Tunis, PASSIA, leader their steadfastness after the evil vol. 7, p. 206 Zionists destroyed all sources of a dignified living for that people and stole their wealth.... We urge you to activate boycott of that enemy and to end all contacts and cooperation with it” 36 12 Mar Ibrahim Jews as “apes and pigs” deserving Jewish Virtual 2004 Mudayris death: : “Here are the Jews today Library. Source: taking revenge for their grandfathers sermon on Gaza and ancestors, the sons of apes and Palestine Satellite pigs…They are extremists and TV terrorists who deserve death, while we deserve life, since we have a just cause” 37 26 Sept Ibrahim Jews and the sons of Zionas Jewish Virtual 2004 Mudayris “monkeys and pigs”: “We are Library. Source: PA waging this cruel war with the brothers TV of the monkeys and pigs, the Jews and the sons of Zion. The Jews will fi ght you and you will subjugate them” (continued ) 204 APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS

# Date Elite Statement Reference

38 26 Hamas The “evil” Zionist occupation”: BBC Summary of Sept “While praying to God to accept one of World Broadcasts 2004 its distinguished cadres as martyr, the (Lexis Nexis) Hamas movement holds the evil Zionist occupation forces responsible for this heinous crime and stresses that such crimes, which unite the Palestinian blood inside and outside Palestine, will not intimidate us and will not deter us from pursuing the path of jihad and resistance” 39 22 Mar Izzedin Zionists as murderous: “O Statement following 2004 Al-Qassam Murderous Zionists, you have the assassination of Brigades bestowed martyrdom upon our Sheikh, Sheikh Ahmed and we will bestow violent death upon Yassin, PASSIA, you on every city and every street” vol. 7, p. 207 40 Mar Sheikh Zionists as “evil” and not worthy Letter to the Arab 2004 Ahmed of negotiating with: “Our people Summit Meeting in Yassin, Hamas need economic support to boost their Tunis, PASSIA, leader steadfastness after the evil Zionists vol. 7, p. 206 destroyed all sources of a dignifi ed living for that people and stole their wealth.... We urge you to activate boycott of that enemy and to end all contacts and cooperation with it” 41 30 May PLO Sharon as deceiving and Political statement 2004 executive maneuvering: “The consecutive after meeting with committee plans announced by Sharon confi rm representatives of the he is not serious and continues Palestinian factions, deceiving and maneuvering” Ramallah, PASSIA, vol. 7, p. 241 42 22 Jun Islamic Jihad Zionist enemy killing in cold blood: Statement to the 2005 Movement “The Zionist enemy is committing Palestinian People, crimes against the free mujahidin. It PASSIA, vol. 7, has killed in cold blood…” p. 395 43 15 Mar Mahmoud Israeli enemy killing prophets: “I Palestinian Media 2005 Al-Zahar, direct a clear message to the Israeli Watch. Source: the Hamas enemy…you, who killed your prophets, National Conference foreign and whose fate throughout history has for Maintaining minister and been destruction…you were destined Principles on Al-Aqsa cofounder for destruction and you remain so” TV (Hamas) (continued ) APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS 205

# Date Elite Statement Reference

44 13 May Ibrahim Israel as a cancer: “Israel is a cancer Palestinian Media 2005 Mudayris spreading in the body of the Islamic Watch. Source: nation” Palestinian TV (Fatah) (includes video) 45 7 Jan Ibrahim Jews as a cancer: “The Jews are a Jewish Virtual 2005 Mudayris cancer spreading in the body of the Library. Source: Arab nation and the Islamic nation, a sermon on PA TV cancer that has spread and reached the Arab institutions, the villages and the refugee camps” 46 25 May Sufi an Evil intentions of Israeli BBC Monitoring 2005 Abu-Zaideh, government: “In statements to our Middle East head of Israeli radio this morning, Abu-Zayidah (Lexis Nexis) desk at PA added that Sharon’s announcement on the eve of President Mahmud Abbas’s arrival to Washington refl ects evil intentions, especially since Israel has arrested more than 500 citizens since the Sharm al-Shaykh summit” 47 10 Dec Hamas Zionist hellish machines as BBC Monitoring 2005 “demonic and criminal force”: Middle East “The Zionist hellish machine (Lexis Nexis). continues to kill Palestinians without Source: Palestinian getting tired or bored, indifferent to Information Centre the calm and to the appeals made by website in Arabic the Palestinian [National] Authority and others for a halt to the aggression and assassinations. It has thus proved for the one thousandth time that it is a demonic and criminal force whose only concern is to shed blood and kill innocent people....Let the occupation know that regardless of its cruelty and tyranny, it will eventually fade away, because wrong cannot defeat right and evil cannot defeat good. We are confi dent that victory is ours, God willing, against the state of evil, corruption, and tyranny” (continued ) 206 APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS

# Date Elite Statement Reference

48 15 Apr Isma’il Israeli military occupation as “evil BBC Monitoring 2006 Haniyah, and dehumanizing”: “As the Middle East (Lexis Hamas Palestinian people continue their long Nexis). Source: Text and painful journey for freedom and of commentary by independence, we look to the future Haniyeh entitled with hope and optimism. Indeed, it is “Peace can only be this hope, this strong faith in the the fruit of justice”, justice of our cause, that kept us published in English going all these years and made us by Egyptian withstand the suffering and brutality newspaper Al Ahram meted out to us by an evil and Weekly website on dehumanizing Israeli military 13 April 2006 occupation” 49 22 Oct Ramadan Zionist entity and US as “the camp BBC Monitoring 2006 Shalah, of evil”: “We realize that the Middle East (Lexis Islamic Jihad Palestinian situation is facing an Nexis). Source: Movement impasse and acute crises. These are addresses at Gaza secretary- hard days indeed in which the camp rally via telephone general of evil and falsity led by the USA and speech the Zionist entity as well as their agents and lackeys in the region are practicing the vilest and basest forms of blockade and aggression against the Palestinian people” 50 12 Apr Yussuf Jews/Israel as intrinsically Palestinian Media 2007 Al-Sharafi , murderous: “The representative of Watch. Source: Hamas rep. of the Legislative Council, Dr. Yussuf Al-Rissala (Hamas the PLC Al-Sharafi , of the ‘Change and Weekly) Reform’ faction [Hamas], emphasized the option of Jihad and resistance to banish the thieves of the occupation, who longed to drink the blood of our massacred people… because the Jewish faith does not wish for peace nor stability, since it is a faith that is based on murder: ‘I kill, therefore I am....’ Israel is based only on blood and murder in order to exist, and it will disappear, with Allah’s will, through blood and Shahids (Martyrs)” (continued ) APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS 207

# Date Elite Statement Reference

51 3 Mar Najat Enemy as a “wolf”: “This enemy Palestinian Media 2008 Abu-Bakr, was born of massacres, a segregation Watch. Source: PA member of mentality, marginalizing, killing and TV (Fatah) (includes PA parliament destroying. Due to this Zionist video) (Fatah) mentality, we [the Palestinians] are like a pen of sheep from which a wolf grabs a sheep every day” 52 2 Feb Mahmoud Israel as “evil aggressor”: “This is BBC Monitoring 2009 Abbas Israel, which continues to attack our Middle East (Lexis people every day. We know that Israel Nexis). Source: Text is an evil aggressor and that it has of report by committed many crimes against the Palestinian Palestinian people” presidency- controlled news agency Wafa website 53 24 Jun Yahya Rabah, Israel as a “possessed demon”: Palestinian Media 2009 daily PA “The state of Israel cannot bear the Watch. Source: columnist contradiction, being a country that Al-Hayat Al-Jadida lives like a demon that takes (Fatah) possession of another body. The state of Israel lives within the Palestinian body in Palestinian land and Palestinian cities….and despite all the aggression, and despite the whole ugly deception, Israel…looks like a demon that enters a person’s body, causing him suffering and depriving him of sleep and torturing him” 54 29 Jul Bassam The occupation as the cause of all Draft of Bader 2009 Khoury, PA evil: “The occupation and its Khoury Speech at economy associated policies was, is and will University of Tel minister remain the cause of all evil” Aviv, http:// thepalestinepapers. com/fi les/4738.PDF 55 17 Ahmed Murderous “Zionist gangs”: “… Palestinian Media May Hanoun, we are marking the 62nd anniversary Watch. Source: PA 2010 PLO director of Nakba, which befell our TV (Fatah) of refugees in Palestinian people when the Zionist Ramallah gangs carried out dozens of acts of massacre, destroyed hundreds of Palestinian villages, and carried out the most extensive campaign of collective expulsion against our Palestinian people” 208 APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS

STATEMENTS OF ISRAELIS DEMONIZING PALESTINIANS

# Date Elite Statement Reference

1 3 May Knesset Arab country as “devil”: “One does Government of 1950 document not choose one’s enemies, or even the Israel, 135th sitting regimes in hostile countries, nor does of the First Knesset, one sign armistice agreements with PASSIA, vol. 2, allies…We could not prevent any Arab p. 154 country giving bases to the devil himself unless we conquered those areas” 2 14 Mar Menachem The “evil hand” of terrorism: “We The Washington 1978 Begin shall defend our citizens, our women Post (Lexis Nexis) and children. We shall cut off the arm of evil and we shall not allow under any conditions an evil hand to be lifted against the head of a Jewish child or women” 3 14 Mar Menachem Arafat as “master murderer” and The Globe and 1978 Begin “beastly” PLO terrorism: “Mr. Begin Mail, Canada (Lexis described the attack as ‘one of the Nexis) most terrible and beastly acts of infamy of all time.’ The Israeli leader went on: ‘Only three days ago (PLO chief Yasser) Arafat, the master murderer, was in Moscow being received with great honor’” 4 27 Mar Menachem PLO’s “evil doctrine” and “evil The Washington 1982 Milson, organization”: “Eliminating pro-PLO Post (Lexis Nexis) Israeli infl uence from the West Bank is civilian necessary, Milson said, because ‘this governor of destructive position of the PLO and the the occupied evil doctrines behind it are illegitimate. West Bank They are immoral and therefore are and Gaza illegitimate. They are illegitimate in the Strip West Bank, illegitimate in Amman; they are illegitimate in Beirut, or Paris or New York. We…failed to see that the population was intimidated very seriously, intimidated in some cases, bribed in other cases by that evil organization. Therefore, the end result was not democratic elections in the true sense’” (continued ) APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS 209

# Date Elite Statement Reference

5 8 Jun Menachem Terrorists as “two footed animals”: Statement in the 1982 Begin “The children of Israel will happily go to Knesset by Prime school and joyfully return home, just like Minister Begin. the children in Washington, in Moscow, MFA and in Peking, in Paris and in Rome, in Oslo, in Stockholm and in Copenhagen. The fate of… Jewish children has been different from all the children of the world throughout the generations. No more. We will defend our children. If the hand of any two-footed animal is raised against them, that hand will be cut off, and our children will grow up in joy in the homes of their parents” 6 16 Oct Benjamin Evil nature of the PLO: Israel was Netanyahu’s op-ed 1985 Netanyahu “faced with absolute evil” because the in the New York PLO was “not a political organisation Times (Lexis Nexis) that dabbles in terrorism but a terror organisation that dabbles in politics” 7 7 Mar Benjamin PLO engages with evil: “The brazen Netanyahu’s op-ed 1988 Netanyahu espousal of terror and national in the New York annihilation in the PLO charter is what Times (Lexis Nexis) distinguishes the PLO even from such terrorist states as Syria…The United Nations opted for the PLO. In embracing an organization whose avowed principles are diametrically opposed to its own, the U.N. not only undermined itself but also helped legitimize the illegitimate…Not only is evil done, but those who do it and proclaim it are honored” 8 1 Apr Yitzhak Palestinians as “grasshoppers”: “[The New York Times 1988 Shamir Palestinians] would be crushed like (Lexis Nexis) grasshoppers…heads smashed against the boulders and walls” 9 4 Jan Israeli Army Palestinian prisoners’ “evil ways”: The Washington 1988 Statement “the [Israeli] Army said it was releasing Post (Lexis Nexis) without charge about 100 of the 1,000 or so Palestinians arrested in last month’s....An Army statement said those released had pledged “they would not return to their evil ways,” and it promised that others would also be freed soon if calm is maintained” (continued ) 210 APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS

# Date Elite Statement Reference

10 18 Jul Ariel Sharon Calls for the “liquidation” of “arch- The Los Angeles 1989 murderer” Arafat: “There will be no Times (Lexis Nexis) peace as long as Arafat lives” 11 2 Feb Yitzhak PLO worse than Satan: “I’m ready to The Jerusalem Post 1990 Shamir speak with anyone, even Satan (Lexis Nexis) himself - but not with the PLO” 12 29 Jan Paul PLO as an “agent of evil”: “The time The Jerusalem Post 1991 Eidelberg, has come for the PLO to be expelled (Lexis Nexis) now from the UN, and for President Bush to president of lead the endeavor. The time has come the Yamin to test the solidity of his commitment Israel Party to moral principle. He has sent 500,000 Americans to fi ght against unmitigated evil. The PLO is an agent of that evil” 13 31 Oct Yitzhak Coldblooded Palestinian terrorists: Madrid Peace 1991 Shamir “Just two days ago, we were reminded Conference— that Palestinian terrorism is still Opening speech, rampant, when a mother of seven PASSIA, vol. 4, children and a father of four were p. 150 slaughtered in cold blood” 14 20 Dec Yitzhak Coldblooded Palestinian terrorists: Statement on the 1992 Rabin “they killed Toledano in cold blood…” expulsion of Hamas activists, Netanya, PASSIA, vol. 4, p. 250 15 8 Nov Rabbi Eliezer [Terrorists] as sons of the devil: “They The Herald 1993 Waldman, a (the killers) are the sons of death, they (Glasgow) (Lexis former are the sons of the devil, they deserve to Nexis) Knesset die – and woe to this government that member made a pact with Satan” 16 7 Apr Yossi Sarid, Terrorists as evil people: “The peace The Independent 1994 former process is intended to decrease the level (Lexis Nexis) environment of terrorism, and if we end the peace minister and process we are in essence depositing our negotiator futures in the hands of these evil people” 17 30 Jun Elyakim Satan [Peres] makes peace deal with The Washington 1994 Ha-Etzni, a the devil [Arafat]: “We’re hoping it Times (Lexis Nexis) former will be very massive and express the Knesset utter revulsion people have of this peace member deal Satan made with the devil” (continued ) APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS 211

# Date Elite Statement Reference

18 10 Dec Yitzhak Combating murderous terrorism: Remarks on 1994 Rabin “And so we are determined to do the receiving the Nobel job well - despite the toll of murderous prize for peace, terrorism, despite the fanatic and cruel Oslo, PASSIA, vol. enemies of peace” 4, p. 441 19 9 Feb Benjamin Arafat as consistently deceitful : “In St. Petersburg 1995 Netanyahu Arafat, you’re dealing with a man Times (Florida) who has been consistent in only one (Lexis Nexis) thing – he has consistently broken his word in everything…We (Israelis) made a big mistake in believing that Arafat would do the job of fi ghting terrorism for us” 20 28 Sep Yitzhak Fighting against the evil angels of Address at signing 1995 Rabin death: “I want to say to you, Chairman ceremony of “Oslo Arafat: Do not let the land fl owing with II”, Washington, milk and honey become a land fl owing DC, PASSIA, vol. with blood and tears. Don’t let it 5, p. 119 happen. If all the partners to peacemaking do not unite against the evil angels of death by terrorism, all that will remain of this ceremony are color snapshots, empty mementos” 21 14 Shimon Killers as “devil’s emissaries”: “We have The New York Nov Peres to prevent having verbal gallows in Israel, Times (Lexis Nexis) 1995 or killers invoking the name of God while they are really the devil’s emissaries” 22 14 Shimon Terrorists as “messengers of the CNN interview Nov Peres devil”: “I don’t know if there is a lot of with Shimon Peres, 1995 extremism, but the extremists are very MFA extreme. That is our problem. The problem is not in the number, but in their fanaticism, in their lack of restraint and understanding, the claim that they represent heaven, where in fact they are messengers of the devil” 23 13 Mar Shimon Evils of terrorism: “This gathering Speech at the 1996 Peres signifi es the civilized world’s rejection Summit of of the evil of terrorism and its support Peacemakers Sharm for the peace process” el-Sheikh, MFA (continued ) 212 APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS

# Date Elite Statement Reference

24 3 Jan Benjamin Palestinians Security Service as The Washington 1997 Netanyahu “thugs” and “terrorists”: “Rajoub, a Post (Lexis Nexis) former Palestinian guerrilla commander long imprisoned in and then expelled from Israel, was a regular devil fi gure in Netanyahu’s campaign rhetoric. Netanyahu accused former prime ministers Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres of “subcontracting Israel’s security” to “thugs” and “terrorists” like Rajoub, who runs the Palestinian Preventive Security Service in the West Bank” 25 15 Jan David Pact with the devil: “Netanyahu has The Times (Lexis 1997 Wilder, a made a pact with the devil … the Israeli Nexis) spokesman Government has left the Jewish for the residents of Hebron vulnerable to settlers in attack by Palestinian terrorists” Hebron 26 20 Mar Rabbi Arabs as “animals”: “Arabs are the Ha’aretz (Lexis 2000 Ovadia Yosef same as animals. There is no animal Nexis) worse than them” 27 10 Jul Ehud Barak A cold blooded terrorist act: “I feel Address to the 2000 the acute pain…of Smadar Haran who Knesset regarding lost Yael, Einat and Danny in a cold the Camp David blooded terrorist act…” Summit, Jerusalem, PASSIA, vol. 6, p. 60 28 30 Aug Ehud Barak Palestinians as “crocodiles”: “The The Jerusalem Post 2000 Palestinians are like crocodiles, the (Lexis Nexis) more you give them meat, they want more” 29 23 Nov Ariel Sharon Arafat as “brutal enemy”: “Arafat is Gulf News 2000 not a partner. He is a brutal enemy” 30 13 Aug Rabbi Palestinians as “snakes” and “evil” BBC Monitoring 2000 Ovadia Yosef people: “Yosef earlier said that the Middle East (Lexis Palestinians are snakes and fi lthy people, Nexis) adding that Arabs are evil and that God regretted their creation!” (continued ) APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS 213

# Date Elite Statement Reference

31 9 Apr Rabbi Arabs as evil: “In a Sabbath sermon, BBC Monitoring 2001 Ovadia Yosef Yosef called for exterminating the Arabs Middle East (Lexis by missiles and showing no tolerance Nexis) towards them. He also described them as evil and accursed. Yosef had earlier insulted the Arabs by describing them as snakes. He, however, did not face any charges” 32 15 Rabbi Palestinians as evil and damnable: “it Cited in PLO’s May Ovadia Yosef is forbidden to be merciful to offi cial response to 2001 [Palestinians]. You must give them the fi nal report of missiles, with relish - annihilate them. the Sharm Evil ones, damnable ones” el-Sheikh fact- fi nding committee, PASSIA, vol. 6, p. 222 33 11 Sep Shimon Fighting evil with evil measures: “Are Interview with 2001 Peres you surprised by the sophistication that Foreign Minister must have been at play to carry out Shimon Peres on these attacks? FM PERES: It’s a solid CNN, MFA indication of the most evil kind. Only evil people can arrive at such sophistication. And the measures must be radical as the evil itself” 34 18 Oct Rehavam Arabs as “lice,” “cancer,” and The Guardian 2001 Zeevi, “liars”: There were moments, however, (Lexis Nexis) former when Zeevi’s rationalist mask slipped, tourism as when he condemned Arabs working minister illegally in Israel this year as “lice” and “cancer.” On various occasions he called George Bush senior an “anti- Semite and a liar”; Yasser Arafat a “viper” and “war criminal”” 35 4 Feb Shimon Devil and anti-devil: “Today there is Interview on PBS 2002 Peres just one division – devil and anti-devil. Television, MFA And the United States is today leading an unprecedented coalition comprising the United States, a united Europe, Russia, China, India, Japan, Pakistan, Latin America to fi ght terrorism” (continued ) 214 APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS

# Date Elite Statement Reference

36 23 Ariel Sharon Israel’s fi ght against the “forces of Message to the April evil”: “Being the only true democracy AIPAC Policy 2002 in the Middle East, Israel stands at the conference, forefront of the confl ict between the PASSIA, vol. 6, civilized world and the forces of evil” p. 333 37 13 Jun Ehud Barak Arabs as “liars”: “They [Arabs] are Interview with 2002 products of a culture in which to tell a Barak by the lie…creates no dissonance. They New York Review don’t suffer from the problem of of Books (Lexis telling lies that exists in Judeo- Nexis) Christian culture” 38 21 Jun Ariel Sharon PA backed by “axis of evil”: “We are The Washington 2002 in the middle of a war, a hard war, a Post (Lexis Nexis) cruel war, a war that the Palestinian terrorists are carrying out against women and children and old people… We are facing a coalition of terror led by the Palestinian Authority and backed by an axis of evil -- Tehran, Baghdad, Damascus and [Osama] bin Laden” 39 30 Mar Silvan Terrorism as despicable devil: Address at the 2003 Shalom, “Since September 2000, the State of AIPAC Policy former Israel has gone through one of the Conference, deputy most diffi cult periods ever. We are in Washington, DC, prime the third year of yet another campaign MFA minister and of terror. Just today, the cold, deadly minister of hand of this despicable devil foreign destroyed once again the lives of affairs dozens of Israelis, innocent families, this time in the heart of the peaceful city of Netanya” 40 1 Sep Israeli Murderous attacks by Hamas: “the Communiqué on 2003 Cabinet murderous Hamas attack of August 19, security matters, 2003 in Jerusalem” Jerusalem, PASSIA, vol. 7, p. 117 41 21 Dec Yaacov Enemy as evil: “Faced with generation The Philadelphia 2003 Lozowick, upon generation of warfare against an Inquirer (Lexis Peace Now enemy who gloats in murder and dances Nexis) over Jewish blood…we have mostly done our best not to return evil for evil” (continued ) APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS 215

# Date Elite Statement Reference

42 2003 Israeli- Arafat as a terrorist: “To some Wexner Analysis - American extent, your job as proponents of Israel think tank Israel has been easy. Under the Arafat Communication regime it’s not diffi cult to convince the Manual – 2003, American public of the corruption of Palestine Papers the current Palestinian leadership. While many sympathize with the plight of the Palestinian people, there is no love lost for Yassir Arafat. Arafat is a terrorist; they [the Americans] know that. Better still, he looks the part. The emergence of Mahmoud Abbas as the new Palestinian Prime Minister comes exactly at the wrong time. His ascent to power seems legitimate. He is a fresh face, and a clean-shaven one at that. He speaks well and dresses in Western garb. He may even genuinely want peace” 43 9 Jul Offi cial Evil campaign of Palestinian Israeli statement on 2004 Israeli terrorism: “This Palestinian terrorism the advisory opinion government has taken the lives of nearly 1,000 of the ICJ on legal statement Israelis in over 20,000 attacks over consequences of the the last three and a half years, construction of a wounding thousands more, leaving wall in the occupied broken families, widows, and orphans. Palestinian territory, No other country would act PASSIA, vol. 7, differently in the face of such an evil p. 276 campaign” 44 31 Aug Silvan Arafat as the bringer of evil: “Foreign MFA 2004 Shalom, Minister Silvan Shalom placed the deputy PM blame squarely at PA Chairman Yasser and minister Arafat, who ‘has brought nothing but of foreign terror and evil since his return to the affairs territories’” 45 26 Oct Ariel Sharon Murderous terror as a source of Speech to the 2004 diplomatic deadlock: “future Knesset, Jerusalem, agreement…will hopefully be achieved PASSIA, vol. 7, when this murderous terror ends, and p. 292 our neighbors will realize that they cannot triumph over us in this land” (continued ) 216 APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS

# Date Elite Statement Reference

46 9 Nov Caroline Arafat as evil: “On a basic level, the The Washington 2004 B. Glick, death of an evil man is always a cause Times (Lexis Nexis) journalist for hope. Yet Mr. Arafat’s death will and former provide an opportunity for building a negotiator better future if the Bush administration uses his disappearance as a catalyst for a true overhaul of Palestinian society. This requires more than just pressuring Israel to meet with and make concessions to a new PLO warlord, raised on Mr. Arafat’s knee” 47 20 Jun Ehud Connecting (indirectly) PA with Speech at the 35th 2006 Olmert “axis of evil”: “The Palestinian Zionist Congress, Authority never upheld their Jerusalem, PASSIA, commitment to stop terror attacks and vol. 8, p. 154 dismantle terrorist organizations....The terrorist organizations would not be able to continue to act if they did not receive encouragement, funding, training and guidance from regimes and organizations which support terror on the axis of evil which runs through Tehran, Damascus, Al Qaeda, global Jihad and Hizbollah” 48 2006 Shlomo Israeli perception of PLO as a In his book Scars of Ben-Ami, “demon, Satan incarnate”: “America’s War, Wounds of former recognition of the PLO…gave Peace: The Israeli legitimacy to an organization that the Israeli-Arab negotiator Israelis perceived to be their arch- Tragedy , p. 194 enemy, their demon, Satan incarnate” 49 20 Jun Ehud Terrorist organizations as murderous: Speech at the 35th 2006 Olmert “Terrorist organizations gain inspiration Zionist Congress, from fundamentalist, anti-Semitic and Jerusalem, PASSIA, murderous ideologies, which call for the vol. 8, p. 151 blood of all Jews and Israelis” 50 27 Ehud Murderous organizations: “the Speech at the Nov Olmert ongoing activity of murderous Annapolis 2007 organizations throughout all the Conference, territories of the Palestinian Authority” Annapolis, Maryland, PASSIA, vol. 8, p. 351 (continued ) APPENDIX A: THE STATEMENTS 217

# Date Elite Statement Reference

51 25 Aug Shimon Endorsing concept of good/evil: Joint press 2010 Peres “Since you have taken offi ce as Director statement after General of the IAEA we feel a sense of President Peres professionalism, objectivity, and meets with IAEA fairness. Your position requires Director General someone that all sides rely upon, Amano, MFA someone who differentiates between good and evil, between those who try to deceive the international community and those who don’t” 52 30 Aug Rabbi Palestinians as “evil” deserving to The Financial 2010 Ovadia Yosef “perish”: “The spiritual leader of Times (London) Israel’s ultra-orthodox Shas party…has (Lexis Nexis) called for the Palestinian leader to ‘perish from this world’ and suffer the ‘plague.’ Only days before peace talks are due to begin in Washington, Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, one of Israel’s most revered clerics, said during a sermon on Saturday: ‘Let Abu Mazen and all these evil folk perish from this world. May God smite them with plague, them and these Palestinians’”

APPENDIX B: OVERVIEW OF TABLES USED IN DATA ANALYSIS

PART 1: THE DEMONIZING NARRATORS Table B.1 Breakdown of Israeli elite narrators Government offi cials Religious Non-government Total Gov doc Left-party Right-party

#1 #14 #2 #26 #25 #9 #16 #3 #30 #41 #40 #18 #4 #31 #42 #43 #20 #5 #32 #46 #21 #6 #52 #22 #7 #23 #8 #27 #10 #28 #11 #33 #12 #35 #13 #37 #15 #48 #17 #51 #19 #24 #29 (continued )

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 219 L. Normand, Demonization in International Politics, Middle East Today, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-54581-7 220 APPENDIX B: OVERVIEW OF TABLES USED IN DATA ANALYSIS

Table B.1 (continued)

Government offi cials Religious Non-government Total Gov doc Left-party Right-party

#34 #36 #38 #39 #44 #45 #47 #49 #50 4 14 25 5 4 52

Table B.2 Breakdown of Palestinian elite narrators Government offi cials Religious Non-government Total PLO/PA/Fatah Hamas, Islamic Jihad movement

#1 #8 #19 #24 #2 #9 #35 #30 #3 #12 #36 #39 #4 #20 #44 #53 #5 #22 #45 #6 #25 #7 #37 #10 #38 #11 #40 #13 #42 #14 #43 #15 #47 #16 #48 #17 #49 #18t #50 (continued ) APPENDIX B: OVERVIEW OF TABLES USED IN DATA ANALYSIS 221

Table B.2 (continued) Government offi cials Religious Non-government Total PLO/PA/Fatah Hamas, Islamic Jihad movement

#21 #23 #26 #27 #28 #29 #31 #32 #33 #34 #41 #46 #51 #52 #54 #55 31 15 5 4 55

PART 2: ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN TARGETS Table B.3 Breakdown of Israeli targets

PLO/PA Arafat Palestinians Arabs Terrorists Unspecifi c Total

#4 #3 #5 #1 #2 #36 #6 #10 #8 #26 #3 #41 #7 #17 #9 #31 #5 #51 #11 #19 #28 #34 #13 #12 #29 #30 #37 #14

#24 #34 #32 #38 #15 #38 #42 #52 #47 #16 (continued ) 222 APPENDIX B: OVERVIEW OF TABLES USED IN DATA ANALYSIS

Table B.3 (continued)

PLO/PA Arafat Palestinians Arabs Terrorists Unspecifi c Total

#47 #44 #18 #48 #46 #20 #50 #21 #22 #23 #25 #27 #33 #35 #38 #39 #40 #43 #45 #47 #49 10 9 7 7 23 3 59

Table B.4 Breakdown of Palestinian targets

Israel Israeli Israelis Jews The Jewish Settlers Zionism Occupation Unspecifi c Total leaders Nation

#3 #1 #25 #19 #32 #11 #2 #2 #12 #10 #5 #30 #26 #13 #3 #9 #15 #18 #14 #35 #24 #4 #20 #29 #22 #16 #36 #6 #23 #27 #17 #45 #7 #27 #33 #21 #50 #8 #31 #34 #27 #37 #48 #43 #28 #38 #50 #44 #39 #40 #54 (continued ) APPENDIX B: OVERVIEW OF TABLES USED IN DATA ANALYSIS 223

Table B.4 (continued) Israel Israeli Israelis Jews The Jewish Settlers Zionism Occupation Unspecifi c Total leaders Nation

#48 #41 #42 #50 #46 #47 #52 #49 #53 #51 #55 13 11 2 6 1 3 14 9 3 62

PART 3: TIMING Table B.5 Palestinian demonization over time

Year #

1934 1 1964 1 1979 1 1981 2 1982 1 1988 3 1989 1 1994 2 1996 1 1997 5 1998 4 1999 1 2000 2 2001 4 2002 4 2004 8

2005 6 (continued ) 224 APPENDIX B: OVERVIEW OF TABLES USED IN DATA ANALYSIS

Table B.5 (continued)

Year #

2006 2 2007 1 2008 1 2009 3 2010 1 Total 55

Table B.6 Israeli demonization over time

Year #

1950 1 1978 2 1982 2 1985 1 1988 3 1989 1 1990 1 1991 2 1992 1 1993 1 1994 3 1995 4 1996 1 1997 2 2000 5 2001 4 2002 4 2003 4 2004 4 2006 3 2007 1 2010 2 TOTAL 52 APPENDIX B: OVERVIEW OF TABLES USED IN DATA ANALYSIS 225

PART 4: THE DEMONIZING MESSAGE Table B.7 Breakdown of coding of Palestinian demonizing messages

# 1. Destruction 2. Domination 3. Deception 4. Sinful 5. Literal Evil

1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 1 1 9 1 10 1 1 11 1 12 1 13 1 1 14 1 15 1 16 1 1 1 17 1 18 1 1 19 1 1 20 1 21 1 22 1 23 24 1 1 25 1 26 1

27 1 28 1 (continued ) 226 APPENDIX B: OVERVIEW OF TABLES USED IN DATA ANALYSIS

Table B.7 (continued) # 1. Destruction 2. Domination 3. Deception 4. Sinful 5. Literal Evil

29 1 1 30 1 1 31 1 1 1 32 1 33 1 34 1 1 35 1 1 36 1 37 1 38 1 39 1 40 1 41 1 42 1 43 1 44 1 45 1 1 46 1 47 1 1 48 1 49 1 1 50 1 51 1 1 52 1 53 1 1 54 1 55 1 Total 28 11 12 14 17 APPENDIX B: OVERVIEW OF TABLES USED IN DATA ANALYSIS 227

Table B.8 Breakdown of coding of Israeli demonizing messages

# 1. Destruction 2. Domination 3. Deception 4. Sinful 5. Literal Evil

1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 1 10 1 11 1 12 1 13 1 14 1 15 1 16 1 17 1 18 1 19 1 20 1 21 1 1 22 1 23 1 24 1 25 1 1 26 1 27 1 28 1 1 29 1 (continued ) 228 APPENDIX B: OVERVIEW OF TABLES USED IN DATA ANALYSIS

Table B.8 (continued) # 1. Destruction 2. Domination 3. Deception 4. Sinful 5. Literal Evil

30 1 31 1

32 1 33 1 34 1 1 35 1 36 1 37 1 38 1 39 1 1 40 1 41 1 42 1 43 1 44 1 45 1 46 1 47 1 48 1 49 1 50 1 51 1 52 1 Total 31 0 4 3 21 APPENDIX C: LIST OF INTERVIEWEES AND THEIR BIOGRAPHY

Name Biography

Yossi Beilin Former Knesset member, deputy foreign minister and justice minister for the Israeli Labour Party. One of the principal architects behind the Oslo Accord under Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin Shlomo Brom Research fellow at the Institute for National Security Studies at Tel Aviv University (INSS). Worked in the strategic planning division of the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) General Staff. Responsible for dealing with security aspects in the peace negotiations with the Palestinians during the 1990s Shlomo Gazit Retired major general and former head of Israeli military intelligence. First military governor of the West Bank. Involved in some dozen two-track diplomacy talks with the Palestinians and served as the Israeli emissary to Yassir Arafat in 1995–1996 Mark Heller Principal research associate at INSS. Writes and researches on the Israeli-Palestinian peace process, but has not himself been involved in any two-track or offi cial negotiations with the Palestinians Nabil Sha’ath Senior Palestinian government offi cial. Served as Palestinian chief negotiator, cabinet minister, international co-operation minister, planning minister, foreign minister and prime minister of the PNA. Closely involved in the peace talks with the Israelis both before, during and after the Oslo Accord (continued )

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 229 L. Normand, Demonization in International Politics, Middle East Today, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-54581-7 230 APPENDIX C: LIST OF INTERVIEWEES AND THEIR BIOGRAPHY

Name Biography

Ghassan Palestinian politician in the Palestinian People’s Party. Was a member of Khatib the Palestinian negotiation delegation in the 1991 Madrid peace talks. Also involved in the subsequent Washington negotiations

Sari Nusseibeh Former representative for the Palestinian National Authority in Jerusalem and president of Al-Quds University. Was involved in initiating peace talks with Moshe Amirav (a member of Israel’s right-wing Likud Party) in 1985. Along with Faisal Husseini, Nusseibeh was also involved in negotiations with US Secretary James Baker BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Sharon, Ariel. 2004b. Israeli Disengagement Plan, 14 Apr 2004, Palestine Papers . http://thepalestinepapers.com/fi les/182.PDF . Taheri, Amir. 2007. Hamas-land and Fatah-land at war. The Times (Lexis Nexis), 16 June 2007. Text of Report by Palestinian radio, “Jerusalem mufti condemns Israeli rabbi’s statements on Arabs,” BBC Worldwide Monitoring (Lexis Nexis), 9 Apr 2001. Text of report from AI-Quds Palestinian Arab Radio in Arabic, “Alliance of Palestinian forces meets; PFLP-GC leader Jibril denounces accord “. BBC Summary of World Broadcasts (Lexis Nexis), 6 May 1994. The Economist. 2013. Israeli and Palestinian textbooks: Teaching children to hate each other, 8 Feb 2013. The Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement. Washington D.C.: MFA, 28 Sept 1995. Timm, Jordan. 2010. Book review: Negotiating with the Devil. Canadian Business Magazine , 15 Mar 2010. Transcript. President Hugo Chavez delivers remarks at the U.N. General Assembly. Washington Post , 20 Sept 2006. Transcripts from PLO radio broadcast, BBC Summary of World Broadcasts (Lexis Nexis), 13 May 1989. Transcripts from PLO radio broadcast. Jerusalem mufti condemns Israeli rabbi’s statements on Arabs. BBC Worldwide Monitoring (Lexis Nexis), 9 Apr 2001. United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Confl ict, 15 Sept 2009, http:// image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Guardian/documents/2009/09/15/ UNFFMGCReport.pdf United Nations Offi ce for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Israeli- Palestinian Fatalities Since 2000 – Key Trends. OCHA Special Focus, Aug 2007. http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/BE07C80 CDA4579468525734800500272 Walker, Chistopher. 1997. Settler rage as US envoy wins Hebron accord. The Times (Lexis Nexis), 15 Jan 1997. Washington meeting of the trilateral anti-incitement committee, 26 Feb 1999. http://usembassy- israel.org.il/publish/press/state/archive/1999/february/ sd3301.htm Wexner Analysis – Israel Communication Manual – 2003. Palestine Papers . http:// thepalestinepapers.com/fi les/142.PDF Wikileaks, “07Beiing6733,” http://wikileaks.org/cable/2007/10/ 07BEIJING6733.html Yassin, Ahmed. 2004. Letter to the Arab summit meeting in Tunis, Mar 2004, PASSIA , vol. 7. Zhiyong, Xu. 2012. Tibet is burning. The New York Times , 12 Dec 2012. http:// www.nytimes.com/2012/12/13/opinion/tibet-is-burning.html?_r=0 260 BIBLIOGRAPHY

III. SEARCH ENGINES/DATABASES ARTstore. www.artstor.org B’tselem. www.btselem.org Bridgeman Education. www.bridgemaneducation.com British Museum database. www.britishmuseum.org/collection EEBO Early English Books Online, eebo.chadwyck.com/home Harvard University Library Visual Information Access (VIA). via.lib.harvard.edu/ via/deliver/advancedsearch?_collection=via Harvard University Study Collection of Digital Images, posted by ARTstor. www. artstor.org Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. www.mfa.gov.il/MFA Lexis Nexis Academic. academic.lexisnexis.com/ Oxford Digital Library. odl.ox.ac.uk Oxford English Dictionary online. www.oed.com Palestine Media Watch. www.pmwatch.org/pmw/index.asp Palestine Papers. www.aljazeera.com/palestinepapers Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs” (PASSIA) 8-volume CDROM compendium “Documents of Palestine”. Palestinian Media Watch. www.palwatch.org Palestinian National Authority. www.minfo.ps/English/index.php?pagess=home Project Gutenberg. www.gutenberg.org The British Museum’s collection database. www.britishmuseum.org/research/ search_the_collection_database.aspx VADS. www.vads.ac.uk

IV. FIGURES Dent, William. 2015. Hell broke loose, or, The murder of Louis, vide, the account of that unfortunate monarch’s execution , colored engraving, London, W. Dent: c. mid-18th century, from Library of Congress: Cartoon Prints, British. http:// www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2006680657/ . Accessed 15 May 2015. Grandes Chroniques de France , Royal manuscript, Paris: c. 14th century. Image and license provided courtesy of French National Library, BNF. Indigestion of the Devil (artist unknown), Print, France: 1793. Image and license provided courtesy of French National Library, BNF. Kill Him with War Savings , War poster, Wiener Ltd, Britain, 1943. Image originally found in John D. Cantwell, Images of war: British posters 1939–45, London: H.M.S.O, 1989, p. 27. Digital image and permission obtained from Alamy.com: Stock Photo - KILL HIM WITH WAR SAVINGS British WW2 poster, © Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy Stock Photo. Accessed 20 Apr 2014. Louis David, Jacques. 1793. Gouvernement Anglais , Print, Paris: 1793. Image and license provided courtesy of French National Library, BNF. BIBLIOGRAPHY 261

Revere, Paul. 1982. A Warm Place – Hell . Print, US: 1768. Image originally found in Philippe, Robert, Political graphics: Art as a weapon , New York: Abbeville Press, 1982. Image and permission provided courtesy of American Antiquarian Society Schoen, Erhard. 2015. The Devil’s Bagpipe . Woodcut, Germany: c. 1520. Image originally found in Keen, Sam, Faces of the enemy: Refl ections of the hostile imagination , San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1986. Digital image and permission obstained from Alamy.com: Stock Photo - Luther, Martin, 10.11.1483 - 18.2.1546, German theologian and ecclesiastical reformer, caricature, cartoon, “Des Teufels Dudelsa,” © INTERFOTO/Alamy Stock Photo. Accessed 15 May 2015. The fi rst secessionist (Envelope for the Clerk’s Offi ce of the District Court of the U.S. for the Southern District of Ohio), Ohio: Mumford & Co, 1861. Digital image provided courtesy of Tennessee State Library and Archives. See Tennessee Virtual Archive. http://teva.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15138coll6/id/2427/rec/2 . Accessed 26 Mar 2015. The Great European War (artist unkown), War poster, Russia: 1915. Image originally found in Peter Paret, Beth Irwin Lewis, and Paul Paret, Persuasive images: Posters of war and revolution from the Hoover Institution archives (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), p. 13. Digital image and permission obtained from Alamy.com.: Stock Photo - The Great European War, 1915. Artist: Anonymous, © Heritage Image Partnership Ltd/Alamy Stock Photo. Accessed 16 May 2015. The Papist Devil (artist unknown), Woodcut, Germany: c. late 15th century. Image originally found in Edward Lucie-Smith, The art of caricature , Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981, p. 35. Digital image and permission obtained from Alamy.com: Stock Photo - Alexander VI (Rodrigo de Borja) 1.1.1431 - 18.8.1503, Pope 11.8.1492 - 1503, full length, carricature, devil says “I am pope,” © INTERFOTO/Alamy Stock Photo. Accessed 20 May 2015. The Russian Monster About to Escape: The Crime Against Europe (artist unknown), War poster, Germany: c. 1940. The Witch of the Woodland , Book print, 1882. Digital image taken from Chap-books of the eighteenth century . Available on The Public Domain Review . http://pub- licdomainreview.org/collections/chapbooks-of-the-eighteenth-century-1882/ Untitled (artist unknown), print, Germany: 1632. Image originally found in Elmer Adolph Beller, Propaganda in Germany during the Thirty Years War , Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1940, p. 12. Digital image and permission provided courtesy of Goettingen State and University Library, 2 H GERM VIII, 82: 12 RARA. Untitled (Kaiser Wilhelm as Devil), Allied war poster, 1915. Reprinted with permission from Jeffrey Burton Russell, Mephistopheles - the Devil in the modern world , Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986, p. 269. Used by permission of the publisher, Cornell University Press INDEX 1 .

A Al-Rantissi, Abdul Azziz, 133 Abbas, Mahmoud, 122, 162, 170, Al-Sharafi , Yussuf, 129 173–175 Al-zahar, Mohamoud, 108 joint anti-incitement committee, 177 American Revolution, 40 summit meeting between Sharon, Ami, Shlomo Ben, 161–162 Ariel and, 172–173 “anatomical” method, to Abd Al-Hadi, Awni, 143 demonization, 16 Abrahamic religions, 27 ancient Persian religion, 28 Abu Bakr, Najat, 141 Annan, Kofi , 171 Abu Shanab, Ismael, 118 Annapolis Conference on 27 Abu-Zayidah, Sufyan, 172 November 2007, 174, 175 accusative process, 4 apocalyptic nature of French Adams, Gerry, 71 Revolution, 41, 43 Adwan, Kamal, 104 Aquinas, Thomas, 38 Ahmed, Ishtiaq, 3 Arab-Israeli confl ict , 85 Aho, James, 62 Arab-Israeli war, 80, 84 AIPAC conference, 113, 168 “Arab-phobia,” 104 al-Alami, Imad, 154 Arab Revolt of 1936–1939, 82 al-Aqsa Intifada, 92–97 Arafat, Yasser, 71, 90, 110–111, Algiers declaration of 1988, 116 114–115, 121, 145, 146, al-Hindi, Amin, 124 159–160 Al-Qudwa, Nasser, 132 demonization of, 114

1 Note: Page number followed by “n” refers to footnotes.

Arafat, Yasser, (cont.) C “evil zionist forces” destruction, 111 Cairo Declaration, 108 Netanyahu’s condemnation of, 156 Camp David Summit (2000), 138, Second Intifada, 94 159, 160, 164 Arendt, Hannah, 83 Carmichael, Joel, 34 Ash-Sha’ir, Muhammad, 140–141, 144 Chavez, Hugo, 25, 54 Ashrawi, Hanan, 90, 149 China-Tibetan case, 190–191 Asuaras , 27 Churchill, Winston, 71 Avery, Uri, 70 Clinton, Bill, 75–76 Cohn, Norman, 38 Comstock, Craig, 5 B conceptual-framework development Baca, Judith, 1 of demonization, 185 Baker, James, 145 confl ict resolution scholars, 65 Balfour, Arthur J., 81–82 Connelly, William, 59 Balfour Declaration of 1917, 81, 82 constructivism, 8 Bandura, Albert, 64n22 constructivist perspective, 7–10 Barak, Ehud, 148, 159, 161 context Bargaining with the Devil (Mnookin) , of confl ict, 10 5, 65–73 of demonization, 119–124 Barker, Rodney, 6 of peace negotiations, 58 Bar-Tal, Daniel, 5, 5n16, 75n54, 99 of “waging war,” 57–58 Baudelaire, Charles, 25 Curtis, Adam, 60 Begin, Menachem, 112, 141, 142 Beilin, Yossi, 143, 149, 149n47 ,163 about Rabin, Yitzhak, 160 D Ben-Ami, Shlomo, 144 Dahlan, Mahmoud, 173 Ben-Gurion, David, 81 Darwin, Charles, 58n4 Ben-Meir, Alon, 98 David, Jacques Louis, 44, 45 Bibliander, Theodore, 35 Dawisha, Adeed, 3 Blair, Tony, 62, 71, 191 deception, narratives of, The Bride and the Dowry (Raz) , 85 139–147 The brink of peace (Rabinovich), 84 de-demonization, 210 British war poster, 51 dehumanization, 5–6, 64, 64n23 Brookes, Peter, 71 Dekel, Udi, 96 Brom, Shlomo, 133–134, 142, DeLuca, Tom, 6 142n18, 155 demonic servants, 31 Bronner, Ethan, 1 demonic with human world, myths Brummett, Palmira, 34 involving merging of , 29–30 Buell, John, 6 demonization, 102–119, 183 Burg, Avraham, 195 in confl ict, 184 Burton Russel, Jeffrey, 36 context of, 119–124 Bush, George W., 95, 169 defi ned , 2–6 INDEX 265 demonization deadlock, 12–13, 66, Erekat, Saeb, 96, 160–161, 166, 178 67, 185, 187 evil message content, fi rst dimensions of, 73–75 categories of, 117 overview of dimensions, 77 second dimensions of, 75–76 third dimensions of, 76 F demonizing message, 125–134 Fatah, 103–105, 106, 116 breakdown of coding Faure, Olivier, 67 of Israeli demonizing messages, Faustian bargain, 68 227–228 Féin, Sinn, 71 of Palestinian demonizing Ferrero-Waldner, Benita, 173 messages, 225–226 First Intifada, 87–89 categories of, 126 fi rst secessionist, 44, 46 Derian, Der, 9n27 French Revolution, 40 Deutsch, Morton, 70 apocalyptic nature of, 41, 43 “the devil incident,” 1 Devil Shaking hand with, ii, 72, 151, G 164, 206 Gaddafi , Muammar, 57, 73 Origins of, 30 Galtung, Johan, 69–70 Pact with, 33 Gaza-Jericho agreement, 154 Humans possessed by the Geneva Convention to the Occupied Underworld , 34 Territories, 90 Presence in the form of witchcraft, 44 Gilad, Amos, 175 Metamorphosis into a satirical Glick, Caroline B., 114 fi gure , 52 Gold, Dore, 171 Devil’s Bagpipe, 37 G(o)od–(D)evil, 4 Devil’s Bagpipe, 37 moral dualism of, 28 diplomatic deadlock, 65, 67, 185–186 “godfather of Islamic terrorism,” 114 diplomatic engagements, 58 Good Friday Agreement of discourse analysis, to identify 1998 , 71, 191 demonization, 18–20 governmental sources, 20 Documents of Palestine , 20 Grandes Chroniques de France, 33 “domination” charge, 125 Great European War, 47, 50 Druckman, Rabbi Haim, 152 Grey, Glenn, 63 groundbreaking Oslo Accord, 138 Gurion, Ben, 131 E Eidelberg, Paul, 146 Eldar, Akiva, 161 H elites, category of, 102 Hackett, Rosalind, 3 “Empire of Evil” slogan, 51 Ha-Etzni, Elyakim, 152 English–French antagonism, 44 Hamas, 103–105, 106, 116–117 266 INDEX

Hamid al-Qudsi, Adbel, 158 IR theory . See International Hanieh, Akram, 163 Relations (IR) theory Haniyeh, Ismail, 132–133, 174 Islamic Revolution of 1979, 25 Hanoun, Ahmed, 126 Israeli attacks, 108 Harle, Vilho, 8n26 Israeli demonization over time, Hassan, Ali, 140, 140n14 223–224 Hassner, Ron, 110 Israeli demonizing messages, Hebron Accord, 153 breakdown of coding Heller, Mark, 97 of , 227–228 Heradstveit, Daniel, 74 Israeli elite narrators, breakdown of, Heroism, 11 219–220 Herzl, Theodore, 80 Israeli elite statements, 103 Hijleh, Fuad Abu, 124 Israeli-Palestinian, case of, 185–189 Hillis, Ahmad, 118, 166 Israeli-Palestinian confl ict, 13–15, 52, Hinduism , 27 79–80, 185 The History of the Devil bones of contention, 97–100 (Moodie), 57 First Intifada, 87–89 Hitler, Adolf, 4, 25, 51, 71 origins of, 80–87 Hobbes, Thomas, 59, 60 path to peace, 89–92 Holsti, Ole, 11 power-asymmetry, 95, 144–145 “human” Devil, myth of, 29 Second Intifada, 92–97 Hussein, Ibrahim Nimre, 159 Israeli-Palestinian peace process, 21 Husseini, Faisal, 167 Israeli “peace initiative,” 147 Hussein, Saddam, 63 Israelis, Palestinian demonization of, 123, 208–217 Israeli targets I breakdown of, 221–222 image analysis, to identify categories of, 112–113 demonization, 16–18 Ivie, Robert, 4, 62 impartiality, role of, 76 Incitement, 191–193 interdisciplinary approach, to J demonization, 15 Jackson, Jesse, 137 International Relations (IR) Jibril, Ahmad, 121 theory , 7, 15, 183 Jiechi, Yang, 190 intra-demonization campaigns, 189 joint Israeli-Palestinian intra-Israeli demonization committee, 176–177 campaigns, 151 Judaism , 26–27 intra-Palestinian demonization Judaization of occupied campaigns, 171 territories, 86 INDEX 267

K mediation, demonization Kamsa , 27 deadlock, 76 Karmi, Ghada, 81 mediator, demonization Keen, Sam, 17, 17n38, 63 deadlock, 76 Kelman, Herbert C. ,12, 14, Meir, Golda, 61–2, 141, 142, 14n37 ,64 143n20 Khalidi, Rashid, 81 Meital, Yoram, 160 Khatib, Ghassan, 88, 98, 106, Middle East Peace Conference in 149 Annapolis (2007), 96 Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, Milson, Menachem, 105, 140–141 25, 51 Mitchell Report, 92–93 Kill Him with War Savings, Mitterrand, François, 142 51, 52 Mnookin, Robert, 5, 5n13, 65, Krauthammer, Charles, 60 65n27, 67–68, 123n58 Kreisberg, Louis, 80 modern political demonization Kreisky, Bruno, 129 campaigns, 54 Krugman, Paul, 193 modern politics, demonization in, 39–54 moral heroism, 11, 61–62 L Morgan, Tom, 30n17 Lama, Dalai, 190 Morris, Benny, 80, 84 Lamdan, Yosef, 157 Mubarak, Husni, 154 Lasswell, Harold, 47 Muchembled, Robert, 30n17 Laswell’s communications Mudayris, Ibrahim, 103, 108 model, ,101n1 Lester, Paul Martin, 18 Levy, David, 157 N LexisNexis database, 21 Nagas , 27 Lippman, Walter, 18 narratives of deception, 139–147 Livni, Tzipi, 96 Nasser, Ahmad, 127 Lozowick, Yaacov, 127 National Covenant of the PLO, 139 Luther, Martin, 32, 35 negotiation domains, 66 Netanyahu, Benjamin, 105–106, 123, 143, 145, 146, 153, 156 M 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001, 168, Madrid Peace Conference (1991), 189 89–92, 96, 146 “nip in the bud,” 139–147 Malley, Robert, 160 dimension of demonization Married to another man deadlock, 74 (Karmi), 81 Nirenberg, David, 35 media sources, 21 “no-negotiation” policy, 73n50 268 INDEX

nongovernmental sources, 21 Palestinian Media Watch Center, nongovernment fi gures, 102–103 21n47 “no partner for peace,” 138, Palestinian nationalism, 81 155–164 Palestinian Negotiation Support dimension of demonization Unit report , 95–96 deadlock, 74–75 Palestinian refugees, 97 Northern Ireland confl ict, 191 Palestinians demonizing Israelis, Nusseibeh, Sari, 153 statements of, 195–207 Palestinian targets breakdown of, 222–223 O categories of, 116–117 online media watchdogs, 23 Papist Devil, 35, 36 online “snow-balling” research Paris Peace Conference in 1919, 82 method, 23 PASSIA . See Palestinian Academic Operation Cast Lead, 122, 175 Society for the Study of O’Shaughnessy, Nicholas, 19 International Affairs’ (PASSIA) Oslo Accord of 1993, 89–91, 94, 95, peace process, 164–179 120, 123, 139, 147–155, 188 Peel Commission (1937), 82 Oslo II Accord of 1995, 151 Peled-Elhanan, Nurit, 99–100 Peled, Yoav, 86 perceptions, 183 P role of, 61–62 Pagels, Elaine, 31 Peres, Shimon, 104–105, 140, 148, Palestine Papers , 21, 79, 97, 124, 152–3, 168–169 137, 138, 163 Philippe, Robert, 48 Palestinian Academic Society for the PLO National Charter of 1968, 107 Study of International Affairs’ Podeh, Elie, 3 (PASSIA), 20 political and military mobilization, Palestinian “angel of death,” political 62–64 cartoon of, 54 political legitimacy, through Palestinian demonization protection, 60–61 of Israelis, 123, 186 political secularization of religious over time, 223–224 myths, 44 Palestinian demonizing messages, politics of demonization, 58 breakdown of coding of, legitimacy through protection, 225–226 60–61 Palestinian economy, 174 political and military mobilization, Palestinian elite narrators, breakdown 62–64 of, 220–221 self-righteousness and moral Palestinian elite statements, 103 heroism, 61–62 Palestinian Independence Party, 131 unity through fear, 58–59 INDEX 269 post-Oslo Accord, 138–147, 155–164 Revere, Paul, 40 Powell, Colin, 63, 160, 161n95 Rice, Condoleezza, 72 pre-Oslo Accord, 138–147 RIRA . See Real Irish Republican primary search terms, 19 Army (RIRA) primary sources, to demonization, Road Map for Peace (2003), 94 20–22 Robin, Corey, 58–59 Prospects of Peace in the Middle East Rosenberg, Marshall, 64 (Obama), 179 Rosenberg, M.J., 72 Protestant city of Augsburg, 47, 49 psychological core of Israeli- Palestinian confl ict, 14 S Putnam, Robert D., 69n37 Sadat, Answar, 104 Safi eh, Afi f, 96, 158, 160, 187 Said, Edward, 85, 86, 88, 90 Q Salah, Ra’ed, 173 qualitative research methods, 16–20 Sanford, Robert Nevitt, 5 Qurei, Ahmed, 95, 156, 171 Sarid, Yossi, 120, 149–150 Satan, 26–31 Satanic myths, 39 R Saudi-initiated Arab Peace Plan Rabah, Yihya, 133 (2002), 94 Rabbo, Yasser Adb, 163, 164 Savir, Uri, 170 Rabinovich, Itamar, 84 “scapegoating” demonization, 59 Rabin, Yitzhak, 71, 90, 141, 146, 148, Schmitt, Carl, 60 151, 152 Second Intifada, 92–7, 165–166, Raemakers, Louis, 71 177, 189 Rajoub, Jibril, 157, 171 secular politicization of Raksasas , 27 demonic , 184 Ramlawi, Nabil, 157 securitization concept, 9 Randt, Clark T., 190 security speech act, 10 reactionary print, 41, 42 self-righteousness, 11, 61–62 Reagan, Ronald, 71 Sha’ath, Nabil, 91 , 110n48, 113, Real Irish Republican Army (RIRA), 150n87, 161 191 Shafi r, Gershon, 86 Reformation (1517–1648), 35 Shake hands with the Devil (Dallaire), religious demonization campaigns, 68 31–39 Shalah, Ramadam Abdallah religious fi gures, 102 Mohammad, 118, 174 religious myths, political secularization Shalom, Silvan, 113, 121, 166 of , 44 Shamir, Moshe, 152, 152n57 religious origins of demonization, Shamir, Yitzhak, 144–146 26–31 The Sharm El Sheikh Fact Finding Religious Wars in Europe, 39 Committee , 92–93 270 INDEX

Sharm El-Sheikh summit, 172 UN resolution of 29 (1947), 80, 82 Sharon, Ariel, 145, 165–166, 168, Un Security Council issued 172–173, 189 Resolution, 242, 84 demonizing remarks of Arafat, UN’s partition plan of 1947, 139 114–115 disengagement plan, 170, 171 unilateral disengagement from V Gaza in 2005, 95 Volkan, Vomik, 184 unilateral government policies, 189 von Clausewitz, Carl, 63 visit to Temple Mount, 110 Shaytan , 27 Shlaim, Avi, 85, 88 W Six-Day War, 84 Waever, Ole, 10 social construct, 183 waging peace, 10–13, 65 social psychology, 59 “bargaining with the devil,” 65–73 Soviet Union, characterization of, 51 “demonization deadlock,” three Spector, Bertram I. 81 dimensions of, 73–77 Stalin, Joseph, 71 waging war, 10–13, 58 Strauss, Leo, 62 legitimacy through protection, substantive issues of deadlock, 60–1 138, 188 political and military mobilization, 62–64 self-righteousness and moral T heroism, 61–62 Taub, Daniel, 192 unity through fear, 58–59 “triangle of evil,” 121 Waldman, Rabbi Eliezer, 120, 130, Tunis declaration of the 16th Arab 152 Summit, 172 Walker, Rob, 9n27 A Warm Place–Hell, 40n47, 41 Weber’s conception of state, 60 U Weisglass, Dov, 192 UNAMIR . See United Nations Weizmann, Chaim, 80 Assistance Mission for Rwanda Welch, David, 187 (UNAMIR) Wendt, Alexander, 7 Un General Assembly Resolution 194 White Paper (1939), 82 of December 1948, 84 White, Ralph, 6, 7 United Nations Assistance Mission for Wilder, David, 153 Rwanda (UNAMIR), 68 Wilhelm, Kaiser, 47, 48 United Nations Offi ce for the witch of Woodlands, 38, 39 Coordination of Humanitarian “with us or against us” dimension of Affairs, 93 demonization deadlock, 75–77 INDEX 271

Wye River interim peace agreement Z (1998) , 176 zero-sum mentality of confl ict, 65–66 zero-sum perception, 14 Zionism, 115, 116 Y Zionist enemy, 106 Yassin, Ahmed, 115, 122, 132, 172 Zionist entity, 106, 108 Yisrael, Eretz, 85, 142 Zionist ideology, 80 Yosef, Ovadia, 103, 109, 178 Zoroastrianism, 28n12