THE ASSOCIATION FOR ROMAN ARCHAEOLOGY LONG WEEKEND SUMMER TOUR – 2010 Friday 9th to Monday 12th July, 2010 FORTS OF THE , Part 2 Accommodation at the University of East Anglia, Non-refundable deposit of £50.00 per person with Booking Form Balance to the Director’s Office by Wednesday, 30th June, 2010 Tour Cost: Double – couple sharing twin room £462.00 Single – en-suite room £376.00 This tour forms the second in Forts series of summer excursions, this time looking at the military installations around the coast of .

The weekend will be based at Broadview Lodge, in comfortable en-suite rooms at the heart of the University of East Anglia campus. There will be a drinks reception before dinner on the Friday evening, which will be a banquet-style dinner to launch the weekend, followed by guest lecture.

Among the sites to be visited over the weekend will be: Burgh (Gariannonum), Brancaster (), Warham Camp, Caister-on-Sea fort, Reedham Saxon Church, Caistor St. Edmund (), and Norwich Castle Museum.

We will be joined by Dr. Will Bowden, Nottingham University, who was one of our lecturers at the AGM Symposium at the British Museum. He will escort our party around his research site, the town and civitas capital of Venta Icenorum, Caistor St. Edmund and the current excavations. There will also be another guest guide and three guest lecturers.

For full details of the itinerary, see page 27.

STUDENT MEMBERS’ TRAVEL FUND Student members between the ages of 16 and 21 who are pursuing a subject related to Roman civilization, may apply to the Director for details. Successful applicants pay the basic £50.00 deposit and the Student Travel Fund subsidises the balance.

CUT ALONG DOTTED LINE BOOKING FORM FORTS OF THE SAXON SHORE Part 2 FRIDAY 9th to MONDAY 12th JULY, 2010 I/We would like to reserve ...... place(s) for the Long Weekend Summer Tour to Norfolk.

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Cheques should be made payable to: ‘The Association for Roman Archaeology’. Please return Booking Form, together with the non-refundable deposit of £50.00 per person, to: The Director, The Association for Roman Archaeology, 75 Road, SWINDON, , SN1 2JU. Balance in full to be received by Friday, 25th June, 2010. BOOKING FORM SELF-DRIVE DAY TOUR TO BRIXWORTH AND MARKET HARBOROUGH SATURDAY, 21st AUGUST, 2010

I/We would like to reserve ( ...... ) place(s) on the Self-Drive Day Tour to Brixworth and Market Harborough.

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Membership Number(s): ...... Cheques should be made payable to: ‘The Association for Roman Archaeology’. All bookings (with non-refundable Full Payment of £18.00 per person) to: The Director, The Association for Roman Archaeology, 75 York Road, SWINDON, Wiltshire, SN1 2JU. to arrive NO LATER than Friday, 6th August, 2010. (FOR ACCOUNTING PURPOSES, A SEPA R ATE CHEQUE FOR EACH BOOKING FORM WOULD BE APPRECIAT E D ) . CUT ALONG DOTTED LINE

THE ASSOCIATION FOR ROMAN ARCHAEOLOGY SELF-DRIVE DAY TOUR THE HALLATON TREASURE and ALL SAINTS’ CHURCH, BRIXWORTH Saturday, 21st August, 2010 The day will start at Brixworth Church at 11.00 am £18.00 per person This tour will take us to Leicestershire and to see the new gallery displaying the Hallaton Treasure in Market Harborough Museum and the Saxon church at Brixworth, extensively built in Roman materials. ALL SAINTS, BRIXWORTH The impressive church of All Saints at Brixworth is one of the largest Saxon churches in Britain, dating from the late seventh or early eighth century. It has been described as “The finest Saxon church north of the Alps.” Built extensively in tiles, bricks and stones quarried from derelict Roman buildings, possibly from a Roman villa north of the church or as far afield as Roman . It was almost certainly built as a church for a monastic community which was founded by the abbey at Peterborough in AD 675. Brixworth is sited off the A508 approximately 5 miles north of Northampton and 8 miles south of Market Harborough. THE HALLATON TREASURE Now housed in the Harborough Museum, Adam and Eve Street, Market Harborough, Leicestershire, this amazing find was discovered in 2000 by members of the Hallaton Fieldwork Group. The impressive assemblage of material from the site incorporates a hoard of over 5,000 Iron Age coins partially concealed in a Roman decorated silver-gilt cavalry parade helmet, along with a decorative silver mount from a horse trapping, a bronze Celtic tankard handle, a silver bowl, two silver ingots and blue glass eyes from a votive figure. The site is now recognised as having been a Celtic shrine and much of the material had been deposited around the beginning of the Roman period, with evidence suggesting that religious observance continued in the Roman era. Large quantities of pig bones suggest extensive feasting forming part of the rituals at the site. The parade helmet is still undergoing extensive conservation at the British Museum, so at present does not form part of the exhibit. There is however a continuous audio-visual display about the helmet at the museum.

Members are advised to bring packed lunches. Tea and coffee will be provided by the Brixworth Friends. After visiting the church we will drive north to Market Harborough. The museum will close at 4.00 pm. BOOKING FORM – OVERSEAS TOUR 2010 ROMANS ON THE RHINE AND THE MOSELLE MONDAY 4th TO MONDAY 11th OCTOBER, 2010

I/We would like to join tour pick-up at: Chippenham Hatts / Chippenham Station / / Dover. (DELETE AS APPROPRIATE) I/We would like to book ( ...... ) place(s) for the tour to Roman Germany.

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Cheques should be made payable to: ‘Global West’. All bookings, with Non-refundable Deposit of £150.00 per person to be sent to: The Director, The Association for Roman Archaeology, 75 York Road, SWINDON, Wiltshire, SN1 2JU. Balance of full payment to be received by Monday, 20th September, 2010. (FOR ACCOUNTING PURPOSES, A SEPA R ATE CHEQUE FOR EACH BOOKING FORM WOULD BE APPRECIAT E D ) .

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THE ASSOCIATION FOR ROMAN ARCHAEOLOGY OVERSEAS TOUR 2010 ROMANS ON THE RHINE & THE MOSELLE Monday 4th to Monday 11th October, 2010 Basic Cost: Two sharing Twin/Double room £1,350 each, inclusive Single with supplement £1,500 each, inclusive Half Board Accommodation at Hotels Non-refundable deposit of £150.00 per person with Booking Form The Tour will be restricted to 50 members The Association reserves the right to make amendments to this tour in the event of unforeseen circumstances. The tour will be led by Mike Stone assisted by Grahame Soffe and will make extensive use of local archaeological guides. Due to many requests from our members, the summer study tour will visit sites in Germany centred on Trier, Cologne and Xanten. To give us maximum flexibility and to keep the costs moderate we will be travelling by English Luxury Executive Coach. Global West and Dertour have arranged four pick up points for the coach: 1. Hatts coach depot (Nr. Chippenham). Limited car parking spaces. 2. Chippenham Main Line Railway Station. 3. South of London near M25 (TBC). 4. Dover Port. (Please indicate on the booking form below your chosen pick up point). INTERIM ITINERARY TRIER: Travel direct to Trier, accommodation at Hotel Deutscher Hoff (2 nights). Walking tour of Trier visiting Porta Nigra, Amphitheatre, Romerbruke Bridge, Horrae, Bischofiliches Museum, Cathedral, Aula Palatina, Kaiserthermen Baths and Rheninshes Landesmuseum. COLOGNE: Accommodation in Mercure Hotel (2 nights). Walking tour visiting or Governor’s Palace, City Walls, Aula Regia, Saint Maria im Kapital, Cathedral and Romisch-Germanisches Museum. XANTEN: Accommodation in Hotel Nibelungen Xanten (2 nights). Visiting the site of Colonia Ulpia Traiana, with reconstructions of Mansio, Taberna, Baths, Gates, Temples, Amphitheatre and the nearby Legionary Amphitheatre at Birten. Visits to smaller sites near Trier, Cologne and Xanten are being finalised by our German Travel Company and will be advised in the near future. En route home, overnight stay at Hotel Ibis, Brugge Centrum. ’S ‘SHORE FORT’

The small fort in Alderney, known the Channel Islands suggest the route in each of the compartments formed locally as the Nunnery, is a puzzle. had been in use since the Late Bronze were a quern and pottery, including Alderney was inhabited during the Age (Sebire 2005, 97 - 8). Roman Samian (p. 257). Fru s t r a t i n g l y, the Roman period. The Nunnery looks period evidence for the trade route exact location of this structure, which like a Roman fortlet or maybe a was found at Fishbourne Roman villa: to me sounds like a barracks, is not signalling tower. But is it a Shore w a t e r- w o rn boulders (pro b a b l y recorded. He also describes a Roman Fort? ballast) found there include stones c remation burial close to the f rom Aldern e y, Guern s e y, Jersey, foundations of The Nunnery, and Alderney is the third largest Channel and Cornwall. another on Raz island (pp. 2 4 7 , Island, three and a half miles long 258 - 9). and between half and one and a half Excavations in Guernsey suggest that miles wide. Strong tidal races St. Peter Port, Guernsey was an B a ron von Hügel excavated the separate the island from France, important port from the first to ‘Longy refuse pit’ to the north-east of which is only eight miles away. fourth centuries AD. Two Roman the Nunnery (1889 - 90), and Colonel Alderney is 24 miles north-east of period quayside warehouses, with a (then Captain) Durtnell excavated a Guernsey (Fig. 1). small smelting complex containing ‘Roman midden’ between the coin moulds (probably for counter- N u n n e ry and the beach (1930). feiting) and a cremation burial, were Durtnell also found an iron spear excavated from 1983 to 1985; head and iron crossbow bolt heads substantial amounts of pottery from on the common. Alderney Museum Gaul, Spain, the Rhineland and Britain displays these, and finds from the w e re found. Buildings excavated two excavations which include: from 1996 at a second site included pottery; iron nails; bottle glass; shells; another smelting furnace; finds a piece of flue tile; bronze pins; a included pottery from Gaul and the b ronze thimble; and a bro n z e , Rhineland, and amphora sherds from military-type buckle (believed to be Spain. Remains of Roman shipping, third century). In the 1970s, Roman including the substantial Gallo- pottery and possibly the foundations Roman ship known as Guernsey I (or of a Roman building or quay were Fig. 1. Map of the Channel Islands. locally, Asterix), were recovered in found at The Kennels on Longis Map: © Nich Hogben. and near the current harbour. Common (the quay interpretation assumes there was a short channel Kendrick (1928) recorded many pre- On Jersey’s north-west coast is Le cut to it through the reed marsh). Roman sites in Alderney; few have Pinacle, a pinnacle joined to the cliff Roman coins have been found on survived. There is a dolmen at the by a semi-circle shaped slope. The Longis Common and Longis Beach; western, higher end of the island, land at the bottom of the slope, over walking on the beach I have found and a late Bronze Age / early Iron Age which the pinnacle towers, shows Roman tile and brick. p o t t e ry-making site near Longis Neolithic, Early Bronze Age, Late Common. Both were excavated and Bronze Age and Iron Age occupation. are well maintained by the Alderney There are also the foundations of THE NUNNERY Society, with finds on display in a rectangular 11 metre by 9 metre Alderney’s museum. Roman period structure with two The Nunnery is sited at the bottom of concentric walls; while no dedicatory Hill and Bluestone Hill, on the The island’s strategic value is shown objects were found, it is commonly edge of Longis Common on Alder- by its history of fort i f i c a t i o n . assumed to be a Romano-Celtic ney’s south coast, near a fresh-water Construction of Essex Castle started temple. An alternative theory, that it stream which is now a drain feeding in the mid-sixteenth century, on a hill was a guardhouse for a signal post on into the island’s sewerage works which might have been the site of a top of Le Pinacle (Hawkes 1937, 171), (Fig. 2). If a travel guide is to be c. 850 BC promontory fort (Johnson seems unlikely to me – Le Pinacle is believed, there was once a well inside 1981, 133; Sebire 2005, 101). Coastal no higher than the surrounding cliffs the Nunnery (Lane-Clarke 1851, 34). forts were built by the British fearing (from which you descend to reach it) invasion from France in the 1850s. and would be dangerous to climb. The Germans built concrete gun emplacements and bunkers during There is substantial evidence for a the Second World War occupation of Roman settlement on Aldern e y ’s the Channel Islands. Longis Common. Guernsey archaeol- ogist John Lukis wrote in 1846 that he was convinced there was a Roman EVIDENCE FOR ROMAN town at Longis Bay (Kendrick 1928, PERIOD OCCUPATION 254). Kendrick also records ‘at the foot of the rising ground facing The Channel Islands were on a trade Longis Bay’ the existence of a 70 foot route between north-west Gaul and long, 4 foot thick wall with partition southern Britain; bronze hoards in walls running from it at right angles; Fig. 2. Map of Longis Bay. Map: © Nich Hogben. about 40 m by 40 m, and 5 m in height, with rounded corn e r s and solid bastions (Fig. 5). The bastions appear to have been built at the same time as the external walls rather than having been Fig. 5. Plan of the Nunnery. Plan: © Nich Hogben. added later (Fig. 6). The upper destroyed) covered part of the area. courses of the NCO married quarters (now residen- walls include tial), gun emplacements and other Fig. 3. Longis Bay from Essex Hill, the Nunnery middle left,The Kennels herring-bone modern structures are sited within middle far left. Photo: © Nich Hogben. work, portions of the external walls, and the German Roman tile and anti-tank wall joins the Nunnery’s The Nunnery overlooks Longis Bay, Roman brick; these are probably north-east corner (Fig. 10). A l d e rn e y ’s only natural harbour, repairs re-using Roman and other which is shallow and sheltered from material (Johnson 1981, 135). Most of p revailing westerly winds. Longis the east wall, the south-east corner RECENT EXCAVATIONS Common is formed of layers of sand and its bastion have collapsed and divided by thin layers of soil, resting still lie on the beach (Fig. 7). In 2002 excavators, led by Heather on top of peat. In the Roman period Sebire and Mark Wood, dug trenches there was a salt marsh or swamp to A wall with two buttresses runs north in the area between the buttressed the north of the bay; since then f rom the damaged south wall. wall and the cliff, the site of Longis Common has formed as a Sections of what appear to be a tile Durtnell’s ‘Roman midden’. On the consequence of the build-up of sand course run through both this wall basis that the Romans wouldn’t have blown from the beach. The sand is and the tops of the buttresses (Fig. 8), built on their own midden, Durtnell now held back by a German anti-tank although the buttresses appear to had concluded that the Nunnery wall (Fig. 3). have been added after the wall was constructed. A shorter length of wall wasn’t Roman. As Peter Arnold of the Longis was the safest landing place, (probably eighteenth century) runs Alderney Society commented to me, and the marsh meant that to leave west from the remnant east wall and fourth century Romans might have the beach at Longis you had to pass joins the buttressed wall; it forms the built on the site of a second century the Nunnery (Fig. 4). The Nunnery side of a German bunker. Inside the midden. could control traffic from the bay up Nunnery, supporting the north end Bluestone Hill to the higher land to of the bank of earth that rests During the 2002 dig, a double-cut the south-west, the location of the against the buttressed wall, is a ditch was found and interpreted as a island’s best farm-land and St. Anne, stretch of wall in which a tile course is foundation trench for the missing Alderney’s only town. ‘Six sherds of also visible (Fig. 9). eastern wall; the instability of the widely ranging dates’ suggest th e r e cliff edge limited how deep it could was a Roman presence at St. Anne T h e re is an eighteenth century be excavated. The ditch contained (Johnson 1981, 49). gatehouse in the centre of the north midden material, medieval pottery wall. An undated map in the sherds and one rim sherd of Romano- The Nunnery’s external walls are Guernsey Museum (Davenport 2009, British BB1. As it seemed unlikely that 7) records a small entrance at the west end of the south wall, which I assume was a later addition. If the N u n n e ry super- vised the bay it would be reasonable to expect the south wall, which faces the beach access, to have a gate- way; evidence for this might still be found, although a German structure Fig. 4. Nunnery from the south. Photo: © Nich Hogben. (now mostly Fig. 6. North-west bastion. Photo: © Nich Hogben. Monaghan, a trench was dug at the west end of the north wall; it showed that the Nunnery foundations were built directly on levelled sand. Mortar capped and levelled the foundations; a plinth of squared granite rested on the mort a r, similar to (Pearson 2002, 69, Fig. 36), with the wall built on the plinth. Neither a construction cut nor defensive ditch was found. The lack of a construction Fig. 7. Bastion fragment on the beach. cut raised the possibility that the Fig. 9. Tile course in internal wall. Photo: © Nich Hogben. ditch excavated in 2002, which Photo: © Nich Hogben. contained medieval material, was a so little Roman material would be (1610) said of Alderney that “on the medieval midden rather than a found in a Roman foundation trench, East side there is an ancient fort foundation trench. Investigation the 2002 excavators considered it [ p resumably a re f e rence to the indicated that the north-west bastion probable that the fallen wall, and Nunnery] . . . under this fort the sand and wall were constructed at the hence the fort, was medieval. with violent drifts from the same time (ASB XLIII, Monaghan However, as Roman mortar and tile Northwest overlaied (sic) the land, so 2008). w e re found during the dig and that now it serveth thereabout most Roman material exists in the fabric of for conies”. Intere s t i n g l y, Francis Jason Monaghan kindly gave me the fort, the excavators concluded Chamberlain, the Governor of early sight of the draft of his detailed that a Roman structure existed in the G u e rn s e y, re f e rred to “the Fort excavation report for the 2008 dig. vicinity (ASB XXXVII, Sebire and begun and Longie’s tower” when When the excavators cleared ivy from Wood 2002). discussing the defences of Alderney the south-east corner of the Nunnery, in the mid-sixteenth century In 2007 Jason Monaghan led a dig to close inspection suggested that the (Davenport 2009, 9); assuming these the north of the Nunnery to find the b u t t ressed wall belonged to a to be the part-built Essex castle and presumed Roman walls first located structure inside the fort and pre- the Nunnery, the word tower might in 1929 - 30 by Colonel Durtnell. The dated the collapse of the fort wall. It suggest that the Nunnery was once excavators found a line of boulders, looked as if the short wall that joins taller. believed to be either a wall or the buttressed wall to the remnant foundation course (this may or may east wall was probably built after the The position of Alderney in relation not have been Durtnell’s structure, as east wall collapsed in the eighteenth to trade routes, the coastal location his re c o rds were not detailed). century (Monaghan, forthcoming). of the Nunnery, the method of Stratified pottery appeared to be late c o n s t ruction of the outer wall first century or second century AD, Excavations in 2009 within the fort foundations and the style of rounded and a late BB1 jar rim suggested revealed, as suspected, that the wall corners and bastions suggest it could occupation throughout the Roman with the tile courses extends into the be a late third century shore fort. period. White, off-white and slipped fort (Monaghan, forthcoming). The Kendrick (1928, 256) recounts the flagon sherds suggested early wall is very substantial and the appearance of ‘the tops of a double military occupation. Animal bone, excavators believe this supports the row of ancient wooden piles, antler, Roman tile, and a few pieces idea of a large building, possibly a seemingly continuing under the of probably residual Iron Age pottery tower, once existing at the centre of Nunnery’ exposed from under sand w e re also found (ASB XLII, the fort. Dating evidence however, and shingle on the beach. While Monaghan 2007). remains elusive. Diggers in the Johnson (1981, 49) thought they photograph are working on top of might have been part of a landing During a dig in 2008 led by Jason this wall (Fig. 11). stage, Monaghan (2008, 65) suggests these might have been foundation piles, exposed when the east wall SHORE FORT, collapsed; if so, for them to have SIGNAL been exposed at beach level they TOWER OR must originally have been several SOMETHING metres long. Timber piles were used ELSE? at Lympne, Richborough and Pevensey shore forts (Pearson 2002, It is possible that 68, Figs. 32, 36). The Nunnery is a the Nunnery is a fraction of the size of the shore forts later period build- – it has walls 40 m long, while the ing incorporating shore fort walls are around 180 m material fro m long – and the Roman fleet might another Roman have found more substantial facilities structure. Written on the mainland, perhaps at evidence suggests Cherbourg (Coriallum). it pre-dates the sixteenth century: Because of its footprint, the Nunnery Fig. 8. Buttressed wall with tile course. Photo: © Nich Hogben. William Camden has been compared with the coastal the harbour. Given strong local currents and the rocky coastline no doubt early sailors would have welcomed a guiding light, pe r haps supporte d by beacons on Essex Hill and Raz Island.

Two suggestions Fig. 10. Nunnery from the north. Photo: © Nich Hogben. were also made by Fig. 11. Nunnery excavation August 2009. Jason Peter Arnold: that Monaghan (pointing), Peter Arnold signal stations in North Yorkshire, the Nunnery might have been used (third from left). Photo: © Nich Hogben. which were constructed in the latter for light signals to the nearby coast half of the fourth century. This could of Gaul (the signals being more Bender, B., 1986 The Archaeology of B r i t t a n y, and the Channel be supported by Francis Chamber- visible against land than sky), or that Islands. Faber and Faber, London. lain’s reference to “Longie’s tower”. its functions included collecting The stations at Goldsborough, Filey, excise from trading ships. The latter Camden, W., 1610 (English Tr a n s . ) Britannia. http: //www.visionofbritain.org Huntcliffe and Scarborough all have might have further merit if the .uk/text/contents_page.jsp?t_id=Camden ditches; no ditch has been found Nunnery was on the border of two around the Nunnery, but this could administrative regions such as the Chamberlain, F., Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, Elizabeth, Addenda, be because it is built on sand. The Dux Tractus Arm o r i c a n i and the 1566 -1579. buttressed wall might have been the Comes Maritimi Tractus (Mason 2003, east wall of the ground floor of a 163, Fig. 87), or was the departure Davenport, T., 2009 Alderney’s Victorian Forts and Harbour. Alderney Society and tower, with the wall that supports point on the trade route for crossing Museum, Alderney, Channel Islands. the banked area as the tower’s north from to Britannia. wall. However, Essex Hill blocks the Hawkes, J., The Archaeology of the Channel Islands, Vol. 2: The Bailiwick of view of the Nunnery from the other For the moment we can only Jersey. Methuen & Co Ltd, London. Channel Islands; indeed, a signal speculate about the Nunnery ’s tower would have been more visible, purpose. It has the style, location but Johnston, D. E., 1981 The Channel Islands: An Archaeological Guide. Phillimore , in a better defensive position, and not the size of a later shore fort; the . could have had stronger foundations style, size but not the location of a and perhaps a ditch if it had been signal tower; the location but not the Kendrick, T. D., 1928 The Archaeology of the Channel Islands, Vol. 1: The Bailiwick built on Essex Hill. Kendrick (1928, style of a fortified landing place. My of Guernsey. Methuen & Co Ltd, London. 238) re c o rds that locals believed best guess is that the outer structure there once was a beacon at La was constructed in the second half of Lane-Clarke, L., 1851 The Alderney Guide. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, Houghette de la Taillie, a tumulus in the third century or later by the London. south-west Alderney (now lost); if so, around an existing it would have had a good line of combined harbour master’s and Mason, D. J. P., 2003 and the Roman Navy. Tempus, Stroud. sight to the other Channel Islands. revenue office, perhaps to protect it, and hence the island, from the Monaghan, J., (ASB, fort h c o m i n g ) The Nunnery has been compared to ‘pirates’ that hunted. We A rchaeological Excavations at the Nunnery 2009. Caer Gybi, a Roman fortified landing- can but hope that future excavations place at Holyhead, Anglesey will shed more light on the purpose Monaghan, J., 2008 (ASB, volume XLIII, (Wheeler, in Kendrick 1928, 257). and history of the Nunnery. 63 - 69) Archaeological Excavations at the Nunnery. While both are sited on low cliffs, Caer Gybi is an imperfect rectangle Monaghan, J., 2007 (ASB, volume XLII, about twice the size of the Nunnery, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 79 - 88) Investigations on Longis Common. with squared rather than rounded Pearson, A., 2002 The Roman Shore Forts. corners, and walls extending from I would like to offer thanks to Jason Tempus, Stroud. the short sides down to the sea to Monaghan, Peter Arnold and Trevor Rule, M., Monaghan, J., 1993 A Gallo- protect ships drawn onto the beach. D a v e n p o rt for information they Roman Trading Vessel from Guernsey. Kodenica fortified naval base on the provided (while absolving them of Guernsey Museums & Galleries, Guernsey, Channel Islands. Danube is squarer and closer in size any errors and assumptions I have to the Nunnery; but it too has made). Sebire H., 2005 The Archaeology and squared corners and a walled landing Early History of the Channel Islands. place. Tempus, Stroud. Sebire, H., Wood, M., 2002 (ASB, volume BIBLIOGRAPHY When I discussed the site with him, XXXVII, 57-65) R e p o rt on the Bryn Walters made an interesting Archaeological Investigation East of the The abbreviation ASB is used for the Nunnery. suggestion: that the building might Alderney Society Bulletin, published by have been a pharos with which ships Alderney Society and Museum, Alderney, Nicholas Hogben. could have aligned when entering Channel Islands. PROFESSOR JOHN WILKES THE ARA’S HONORARY PRESIDENT An introduction by Grahame Soffe

In November last year the ARA Board Senior Lecturer (1971- 4). He finally appointed to many other invited Professor John Wilkes to settled at London University where p rofessional institutions. He is a become our Honorary Pre s i d e n t , he was appointed Professor of Fellow of the British Academy, and of succeeding Dr. Graham We b s t e r. Archaeology of the Roman Provinces the Societies of Antiquaries of Members will be able to refer back to in 1974, following the sudden death London and Scotland, and is a complete issue of ARA (12, 2002) of Professor Donald Strong. He was H o n o r a ry Vi c e - P resident of the dedicated to Graham’s life and based at the Institute of Society for the Promotion of Roman achievements and will realise that Archaeology, which was eventually Studies – he was Editor of that during a long interregnum it has to come under the aegis of University society’s journal Britannia from 1980 been a difficult task finding a College London. In 1992 he was to 1984. He has also served as suitable candidate to replace him. appointed Yates Professor of Greek C h a i rman of the Faculty of We were delighted that John and Roman Archaeology, University Archaeology, History and Letters of accepted the invitation and that he College London, the position from the British School at Rome (1979 - 83) indicated that he felt honoured to which he retired in 2001. It was and Council Member of the School take up the post and succeed during this long period at the (1988 - 96), Member of the Ancient Graham. Although John will be Institute that many of us got to know Monuments Board for Scotland known to many members of the ARA, John and there are many of his (1981 - 91), President of the London he was formally introduced to the students, including a member of the and Middlesex Arc h a e o l o g i c a l membership at our AGM at the ARA Board, amongst the present Society (1982 - 5), Corre s p o n d i n g British Museum in December and on generation of practicing Romanists. Member of the Germ a n that occasion I was able to give a He has a reputation for kindness and A rchaeological Institute (1976 - ) , brief précis of his career in Roman encouragement of staff and Governor of the Museum of London archaeology. Following this, at the students, and for his good humour. A ( 1 9 81 - 95), and Member of the start of the afternoon Symposium, friend, Mark Hassall, then a Committee of the British School at John gave a splendid acceptance colleague in John’s department at Athens (1990 -7). address in which he described his the Institute, has told me that John own debt of gratitude to our former was very easy to work for and that he John has undertaken and published President and the importance of only ever gave him one dire c t excavations in Britain at Housesteads G r a h a m ’s contribution to Roman instruction, and that was to buy F o rt on Hadrian’s Wall, Carpow archaeology in general, particularly himself a new pair of trousers as the l e g i o n a ry base, Pert h s h i re and in the field of military studies and his ones he had on were in a terrible Wilderness Plantation fortlet on the record of inspiration of hundreds of state. . He has also carried students through his teaching and out a major excavation project at excavation training schools. We hope John has also served with or been Strageath Fort, Pert h s h i re with to publish a version of this address in A R A, but here I am offering a description of John and his career. I am grateful for information supplied by John himself, his wife Susan, and several colleagues.

John was born on 12 July 1936 at Reigate in Surrey. He was educated at King Henry VIII Grammar School, C o v e n t ry, and Harrow County Grammar School. After studies in Ancient History and Archaeology at University College London (BA) and the University of Durham (PhD) he went on to become a Researc h Fellow at Birmingham University (1961- 3) and then took up teaching these subjects. He was appointed Assistant Lecturer in History and A rchaeology at Manchester University (1963 - 4) and then he moved back to Birm i n g h a m Fig. 1. Professor John Wilkes as Roman emperor, reviewing the Ermine Street Guard, from the Corinthian University where he became Lecturer portico of University College London. Day, 30th May 1987. Left to right: Mark Hassall, in Roman History (1964 - 71) and Malcolm Billings (BBC Origins Presenter), John Wilkes, Ralph Hassall. Photo: © Grahame Soffe. John’s students at pitch was visible from the top back B i rmingham and bedroom window! then at the London Institute, Since moving to Oxford, he has and pressed John continued to work in Roman for advice on his archaeology, examining theses for f u t u re re s e a rc h . the University and acting as a tour John, pointing at guide. His own studies have been the area of focused on the Danube lands and the m o d e rn Bulgaria Balkans. A survey of recent research on a wall-map of on the Roman Danube appeared in the Roman the J o u rnal of Roman Studies E m p i re, dire c t e d : (pp. 124 - 225, 95, 2005) and his “no one has been current project is an epigraphical and down there – archaeological study of the Greek- you’ll have to linguistics and cultural frontiers i m p rove your in the Balkans between the Adriatic Greek and learn and the Black Sea. Fig. 2. Professor John Wilkes (left) in conversation with David Sleep at the ARA’s AGM and Symposium, British Museum, 5th December 2009. Bulgarian – it’s Photo: © Grahame Soffe. quite easy, it just I am sure all ARA members will join has a diff e re n t the Board in welcoming John to his Professor Sheppard Frere (Strageath: alphabet, like Russian”. Andrew took new Honorary Presidency and we excavations within the Roman Fort the advice and thus progressed to look forw a rd to a fru i t f u l 1973 -1986, 1989). I occasionally met becoming Britain’s expert in Roman relationship and particularly, his wise him on his journey north fro m Bulgaria and, recently, the leader of counsel in the months and years London to Strageath and remember the ARA’s successful tour of that ahead. being very impressed with the large country. box in the back of his heavily loaded estate car containing all the 1 : 50,000 In 1980 John married his former A NEW PROJECT TO student Dr. Susan Walker, who was to OS maps for Britain. We would talk DECIPHER AN ALTAR AT about the air photographic become Deputy Keeper in the discoveries and test-excavations of Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities at the British Museum P rofessor Kenneth St. Joseph of A worn third century altar that and readers will be familiar with her Cambridge (always known as ’Holy was found in the River Tyne books: Roman Art (1991), Greek and Joe‘), in Roman Scotland. sometime around 1672 by Martin Roman Port r a i t s (1995), and her Lister, a Fellow of the Royal Although John ‘cut his teeth’ on co-authorship of Ancient Faces: Society, and has always been Romano-British archaeology, he is Mummy Portraits from Roman Egypt thought to commemorate the rather exceptional in that he has (1997) and co-editorship of Cleopatra safe return of Caracalla and Geta branched out to undertake historical of Egypt from History to Myth (2001). and archaeological re s e a rch in Susan is now Keeper of Antiquities at to Rome after leaving Britain in several regions of the the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford and AD 211, has been the focus of a with his main focus on the territory has played a major role in the recent new and exciting project. Two of the former Yugoslavia, and his re-designing and transformation of German students and computer principal publications relate to that the museum, particularly the Ancient experts, Bjorn Brecht and Bruno area. Many of us will be familiar with World Galleries which she will be Kessler, who are both studying that big book with an orange cover showing to the ARA in May this year. for their masters in geo-computer – Dalmatia (1969) in the ‘Provinces of John and Susan now live in Oxford. programming at the University of the Roman Empire’ series. There is Their son Nick is reading Inter- Applied Science in Mainz, were also D i o c l e t i a n ’s Palace, Split national Relations at Reading invited to Arbeia Roman Fort and (Croatia, second expanded edition University. Museum in South Shields to help 1986), The Illyrians (1992) and jointly, make sense of the now-invisible Excavations at Spart a ( G re e c e , Of course, John has many other inscription. i n t e rests. His W h o ’s Who e n t ry rep o r ts 1994 - 8), and he has published Using high resolution digital mentions ‘Recreations: listening to excavations at Durres in Albania. One camera techniques they scanned amusing story is that when he went music, watching Association foot- the altar with specially designed to Yugoslavia to work at Split he ball’. To expand on this one could software. The hope is that this found an enormous Roman mosaic add that he is a regular concert goer will reveal in its entirety the decorated with swastikas which and is particularly keen on jazz and a original inscription. enraged President Tito when he fan of the Rolling Stones. He is also came to officially view the very interested in politics and current The results of the scan will be excavations. Another (no doubt affairs, loves gardening and bird revealed in a free exhibition, apocryphal) story is of a lost East watching and, as far as football is Secret Altars, which will be on E u ropean at an intern a t i o n a l concerned, he is a leading authority display at Arbeia from May to conference asking if anyone had seen on Arsenal Football Club; his London August 2010. Ivan Vilkesh! Andrew Poulter (now house backed onto the old Arsenal Professor at Nottingham) was one of Stadium at Highbury and part of the The Shields Gazette – 17.12.2009 OBITUARIES

HOWARD GIBBS the Roman period became a major factor in his life and he found it a 27th March 1928 to re w a rding escape from every d a y 27th February 2010 pressures. Howard and Shirley retired in 1992, but remained at Aldbourne. Many members will be saddened to They had regularly attended tours by learn of the death of Howard Gibbs the Roman Research Trust Friends just short of his eighty-second and after their retirement, continued b i rt h d a y. Howard had been a to join those organised by the ARA. member and stalwart supporter of In recent years Howard was this Association since its foundation. debilitated with ME and tours He first became involved in became more difficult. On our tour archaeology through volunteering to of Roman Bulgaria in 2008 Howard take part in the long-term was taken ill and on his return was excavations of the Littlecote Roman diagnosed with leukaemia. Never- villa, Wiltshire, which were being theless, after a period of hospital directed by Bryn Walters and Bernard t reatment, he fought on and Phillips in the 1970s and 80s. Through attended as many events as he could. this endeavour, he and his wife One of his last major outings, on Shirley were to join the swelling which Howard and Shirley were numbers of Friends of the Roman Howard Gibbs, c.1992. joined by Howard’s brother Alfred, R e s e a rch Trust, the org a n i s a t i o n Photo: © Diana Bonakis Webster. was the 2009 Annual Dinner at which had been set up to support them. During these early years of Basingstoke, the tour of Salisbury that project, and whose members, marriage, Howard became a leading Plain and the Wansdyke, and a return when it dissolved, formed themselves member of the Maidenhead Operatic to Littlecote where his interest in into the ARA. Howard became one of Society, helping in administration, archaeology began. the enthusiastic group who would but also singing bass and taking on regularly join the perm a n e n t roles such as Second Priest in Howard’s personality will be greatly excavation staff at Littlecote every Mozart’s The Magic Flute. Gilbert and missed by all his former compatriots weekend, come rain or shine. Indeed, Sullivan was a mainstay of the society in the Littlecote squad as well as the his great interest in the project led and Howard grew his famous beard many ARA members who enjoyed his him to make an excellent scale for his appearance in The Yeomen of company. model, a reconstruction of how the the Guard. Shirley liked it so much main house of the Roman villa that she never allowed him to shave Bryn Walters and Grahame Soffe. complex may have appeared, based it off! on the excavated evidence. This model has for years adorned the In 1972 the couple Roman Gallery in the Wi l t s h i re moved down to Heritage Museum, Devizes, where the pretty chalk- the re s e a rch archive from the land village of excavations will eventually be A l d b o u rne, near housed. Howard would often regale M a r l b o rough in fellow ARA members at Annual Wi l t s h i re, just Dinners or other events with his n o rth-west of reminiscences of those digging days Littlecote. This is and his other experiences in an area rich in The model of the main house at Littlecote Roman villa, made by Howard a rc h a e o l o g y. Many readers will evidence of Gibbs; on display in the Wiltshire Heritage Museum, Devizes. remember his humorous rhymes on Roman-period Photo © Grahame Soffe. Roman themes which sometimes settlement, north found their way into the pages of of and south of the Roman ARA News. road from to Silchester. GWYN HARRIS They bought the Aldbourne Stores Howard was born in Maidenhead, and in 1980 the Post Office, managed Gwyn, who lived at Morr i s t o n , B e r k s h i re. On leaving school he by Shirley, was incorporated into the Swansea, died in August 2009. Our worked in a shop and then became shop. Villagers aff e c t i o n a t e l y condolences have been sent to his an electrician. When he was called- referred to them as ‘Gibbs the Shop’ family and friends. up he joined the Royal Navy and in ( H o w a rd) and ‘Gibbs the Post’ 1947 served in the flotilla of ships (Shirley). A frequent correspondent which accompanied King George VI in the local press, Howard would on his voyage to South Africa. He often criticise decisions taken by the KEITH NURSE then worked as an engineer in local authority on community Slough, marrying Shirley in 1957. matters. This gained him the title A long standing member and supporter They adopted a baby boy, Anthony, ‘Man of the People’ from members of of the Association, as well as being a who has been a great support to the Littlecote team. His interest in passionate advocate of British archae- ology, Keith Nurse died in September SUPERB TREASURES 2009. For many years Keith was one of FOUND IN A LATE FIRST the permanent staff of journalists on CENTURY BULGARIAN the Daily Telegraph, writing on AR C H A E O L O G I C A L archaeological and arts subjects. He RO U N D - U P TOMB later turned to more freelance writing. A team of Bulgarian archaeologists I recall all too well receiving from him, have discovered the tomb of a many years ago, and at the time I A FABULOUS CAMEO Thracian aristocrat near the southern suspected surreptitiously acquired, an GLASS VASE EMERGES town of Nova Zagora. invitation for me to attend the inaugural launch of at the Bonhams auction house has The team led by arc h a e o l o g i s t Channel 4 studios in Soho. On arriving announced the ‘discovery’ of a Veselin Ignatov found a tomb of 12 for the event I was curiously surprised fabulous new and complete Roman square metres dating back to the end to see that with the exception of cameo glass vase in the possession of of first century and beginning of members of Time Team, I appeared to a continental collector. second century AD. It is located be the only field archaeologist in the outside of the village of Karanovo. audience, which consisted almost It is in cobalt blue and white glass The tomb contained a treasure of entirely of journalists and other media and is shaped like the famous two- silver vessels and objects that were people. So I was a little flattered by handled Portland Vase in the British intended to be used by the occupant K e i t h ’s gesture. The irony of the Museum. However, unlike the latter in his afterlife. In addition the occasion came when the lady it is complete, and is 33.5 cms in archaeologists found a chariot and correspondent for The Times sitting just height. The Portland Vase is 24 cms fragments of a shield. in front of me, posed a challenging high and has lost its lower register of question to the Time Team’s producer, figures giving it a stunted appear- The finds at the lavish Thracian tomb which I, with a little temerity asked if I ance. The new vase is elaborately include gold rings, silver cups and might answer for him. The outcome of carved with 30 figures and the staid vessels coated with gold. These which was that my comments were upper register is counterbalanced by include a pair of lovely two handled printed almost verbatim in The Times the lower register which has a battle silver cups with images of amorini the following morning, giving the Time scene of Amazons fighting. This (cupids) dancing as followers of Team the best review of the day. I often naturally gives one a clue as to how Bacchus and playing on the kithara wonder if in a cheeky sort of way Keith the lost lower register of the like Apollo. The decoration appears may have had something like this in Portland Vase may have appeared to have gilded highlights. In addition mind all along. Always a very kind and with perhaps a battle between the treasure also includes a number popular figure, Keith will be missed by Centaurs and Lapiths. The existence of other ornate silver and bronze his many journalist colleagues and of this vase goes a long way to vessels. It has been suggested in friends in British Archaeology. discredit those who in recent years Bulgaria that the new finds are Bryn Walters. have seen the Portland Vase as a sufficiently interesting and rich as to Renaissance production. It is one of be used as the basis for a new only 16 surviving examples of cameo museum dedicated to pro v i n c i a l vases and plaques from antiquity and Roman art. The aristocrat belonged MRS. MARION PHILP is the most elaborate. The highly to a rich family descended from the skilled technique of combining two ruling strata in the Odry s i a n Late last year David Philp, of Street, colours of glass and then cutting Kingdom (fifth to third century BC). Somerset, notified the Director of the through the top one to reveal the passing of his wife, Marion, who had underlying was only employed by The previously unknown tomb was been in poor health for some time. p e rhaps two generations of d i s c o v e red as the result of Both David and Marion have been glassworkers in the late first century archaeologists starting research in members of the Association and The BC to the first century AD. The vase the area in 2008 after it was raided Roman Research Trust Friends from the was created with the dip-overlay by tre a s u re hunters. They sub- very beginning. Many of our long- method, which included dipping sequently found a Thracian chariot at standing members, who got to know glass into a contrasting colour, then a nearby spot and so far a total of six David and Marion well on many of our blowing it to create the body of the two-wheel and four-wheel chariots excursions and events, will be vessel. Such productions would have have been discovered. It is now saddened by the news. David is been extremely expensive and planned to create a centre for the remaining a member, but is unable to articles of high status. The Museum study of ancient chariots in Nova take part in our tours any longer. He of London has on display a rare Zagora. has asked that they be remembered to fragment of fine cameo glass Sofia News Agency – 17.11.2009 all their friends in the Association. We decorated with vine leaves and send our sincere condolences to David grapes found in Borough High Street for his loss. but that cannot compare with the Bryn Walters. delicate carving employed on the new vase and its famous partner. Daily Telegraph – 23.10.09 DONATIONS AND BEQUESTS

The Graham Webster Research Fund is now our official funding channel in support of Romano-British research projects. This has been established in memory of Graham’s lifelong devotion to the subject and of his many years of enthusiastic tuition and encouragement to others entering the field of Roman studies.

Any member who would like to help build up this fund can make a donation using the form below. The form also includes a Gift Aid Declaration which we ask tax-paying members to sign, as this will increase the donation by approximately 23% with no further liability on the donor’s resources. We claim the additional percentage directly from the Inland Revenue from tax already paid by the member concerned.

THE GRAHAM WEBSTER RESEARCH FUND

l/ WE WISH TO MAKE THE FOLLOWING DONATION TO THE GRAHAM WEBSTER RESEARCH FUND

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Cheques payable please to ARA Graham Webster Research Fund, and return with this slip to the Director.

GIFT AID DECLARATION I wish The Association for Roman Archaeology to benefit from the Gift Aid Legislation by my making this donation to The Graham Webster Research Fund. This declaration applies to any donation I make from I st April 2003.

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Note: You must be a UK taxpayer and pay an amount of Income Tax or Capital Gains Tax equal to the tax we reclaim on your donation. If you are not a UK taxpayer, please do not sign this section of the form.

British Registered Charity Number: 1056599.

A GIFT FOR THE FUTURE Many charitable organisations like our own have relied on bequests from members and other parties in support of the charity’s objectives. A bequest will help to ensure the continuation of the Association and its work. Legacies to the Association are not liable to Inheritance Tax, so the full amount of a bequest can be applied to the charitable aims and objectives of the Association.

If you decide that you would like to make a bequest to the Association, by making an addition to an existing Will, or in making a new one, we recommend that you seek the advice of a solicitor.

THE ASSOCIATION FOR ROMAN ARCHAEOLOGY FORM OF BEQUEST NOTE: This form is not in itself for signature, but gives a suitable wording for inclusion in a Will or Codicil, should you decide to benefit the Association in this manner.

I bequeath free of all taxes to The Association for Roman Archaeology, of 75 York Road, Swindon, Wiltshire, SN1 2JU, for the general purposes of its aims and objectives, the sum of £...... , the receipt of the Treasurer for the time being of the said Association to be a good and sufficient discharge to my Trustees for the said sum.

British Registered Charity Number: 1056599. PROGRAMME FOR ARA STUDY TOUR – & THE FORTS OF THE SAXON SHORE 9th to 12th JULY, 2010

Friday, 9th July Dinner and Lecture: Monday, 12th July Late Iron Age and Early Roman Arrive at the Campus of the Norfolk. Morning visit to the Iron Age and University of East Anglia, near Dr. John Davies, Chief Curator and Roman Galleries at Norwich Castle Norwich. Keeper of Archaeology, Norfolk Museum. Dinner and Lecture: Museums and Archaeology Service. Tour led by Dr. John Davies, Chief The Archaeology of Roman Norfolk. Curator and Keeper of Archaeology David Gurney, Chief Archaeologist, (books on Roman Norfolk will be Norfolk County Council. Sunday, 11th July available in the museum shop).

Burgh Castle Roman fort Saturday, 10th July (Gariannorum) The tour ends at lunchtime but Optional Visit for those with own Caistor St. Edmund Roman town Caister-on-Sea Roman fort transport and those able to obtain a (Venta Icenorum) and the current (subject of ARA 2003 Annual Dinner lift to Reymerston Hall, to meet Wing Excavations. Tour led by Dr. Will Lecture by Maggi Darling). Commander Kenneth Wallis MBE Bowden (Associate Professor of PhD to explore practicalities Roman Archaeology, University of Reedham church (Saxon church built associated with aerial photography, Nottingham, who lectured on the almost entirely of Roman stone and including the pioneering false-colour site at our AGM Symposium, British bricks on site overlooking former infra-red survey of the Hayling Island Museum). Roman estuary – probable site of Roman temple. Roman lighthouse). Brancaster Roman fort He will show off his collection of (Branodunum) and Brancaster Dinner and Two Lectures: autogyros and aerial photography Staithe. Tour led by Christopher Wings over Norfolkand Discovering equipment, including the famous Sparey-Green ( Roman Norfolk from the Air. Little Nellie – fans of the James Bond Archaeological Trust, who most Derek Edwards (former Air movies will know that he doubled for recently excavated on the site). Photography Officer, Landscape Sean Connery flying this autogyro in Archaeology Service, Norfolk You Only Live Twice. Warham Camp – massive circular Museums and Archaeology Service). earthwork fort of ‘Boudican’ date.

THE ARA DISCUSSION FORUM, INSTITUTE OF AR C H A E O L O G Y , UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON 17th OCTOBER, 2009 A review by John Bithell

An extremely useful meeting took of its kind but the pro c e e d i n g s Nich Hogben. place at the Institute of Archaeology, proved encouraging to us all. The University College London, on 17th meeting was attended by ARA The meeting was chaired and intro- October 2009. Its aim was to bring members: John Bithell, June Cork, Ian duced by Mike Stone (Vice-Chairman) together members of the ARA Board Heritage, Nich Hogben, Steve Large, and David Evans (Treasurer) gave a and invited ARA members who had Hazel McClory, Shaun McClory, David review of the resources and functions expressed an interest in helping with Rider, Philip Rowbotham, Jan Senior, of the ARA within the legal and some of the tasks required to keep David Sleep and by ARA Board statutory requirements as a Chari- our organisation afloat. We planned members: Grahame Soffe, Bry n table Company Limited by Guarantee to have a pre l i m i n a ry discussion Walters, Mike Stone, David Evans, and within the parameters of its about the possibilities and then see Don Greenwood, Martin Henig and Constitution. As such it was felt that how far we could progress in coming Vix Hughes. Apologies were received the Board must continue to include up with some concrete proposals for from Anthony Beeson, David Gollins, members who had experience of definite actions in the months and Michael Grant de Longueuil, Paul working in the arc h a e o l o g i c a l years ahead. This was a pre t t y Hodge, Sam Moorhead and Anne profession, even though much of the ambitious remit for the first meeting Woollett. Minutes were taken by work entailed challenging and time- consuming tasks such as arranging of visits it was receiving. However, printing matters he had overseen. and organising tours, conferences there was scope for many improve- Someone with suitable desk-top and other events, editorial skills in ments and a constant watch was publishing skills and hard- and the publication of ARA NEWS, ARA, required on security of, and means of software would be required. Nich the Bulletin of the ARA, conference access to, data. This would be Hogben said he had desktop p roceedings and recent develop- p a rticularly important in the publishing skills, and would be ments in electronic marketing and development of a data-base and its interested in compiling an index of communication. The meeting was regular use by ARA members who past articles. All members were reminded, however, that all these would communicate with it by encouraged to send in articles to the tasks need help from the member- e-mail. The system would prove very ARA (particularly ARA NEWS) where ship, particularly, as Bryn Walters cost-effective if members kept their the provision of editors would help in described them, ‘hands-on helpers’. e-mail details up-to-date, and would bringing them, if necessary, to facilitate the communication of publication standard. Jan Senior, special events, regular news-sheets John Bithell and David Sleep made ADVERTISING AND and ordinary correspondence. There offers of help. Although, as Don RECRUITMENT was also much scope for expanding Greenwood mentioned, the Board the website, including the provision had considerable marketing experi- Some time was taken up discussing of a Roman time-line, information on ence, there was a need for a our traditional method of recruiting Roman Britain and pages from past Marketing Secretary who would also new members. This had been by ARA NEWS and ARA, the Bulletin of deal with press and publicity. Several distributing our advertising and the ARA. Members should visit the other members present offered their a p p l i c a t i o n - f o rm leaflet in larg e website at: (sometimes continued) assistance numbers; placing them at venues ww w. a s s o c i a t i o n ro m a n a rc h a e o l o g y. o r g with various tasks. These included throughout the UK such as Roman John Bithell as Minuting Secretary, sites open to the public and tourist David Rider and David Sleep with and information centres. Leaflets had POSITIONS REQUIRED TO assistance in tour preparation, Shaun also been circulated as enclosures ASSIST THE BOARD McClory in leafleting, Hazel McClory within popular periodicals such as in secretarial skills, and Steve Large C u rrent Arc h a e o l o g y. These tech- There was a clear need for new blood and Philip Rowbotham in mailing niques had proved successful in the and young people with professional and artwork skills. past and good numbers of members experience to supplement the Board, had been recruited as a result, but not only to serve as Board members The meeting ended with Mike Stone over recent years the success rate of but also to assist the Board in its o ffering his thanks to all who leafleting had fallen rapidly, and the tasks. A number of positions were attended and to the Institute of process had become more expensive discussed. Grahame Soffe said he Archaeology and Judy Medrington, and less cost-effective. It was not would welcome editorial assistance the Academic Administrator of the always easy to ensure leaflets were with the ARA Bulletin. The last offer Institute, for arranging the venue being displayed at venues without had fallen through because the with Grahame Soffe, and providing very regular monitoring, and the cost volunteer felt unable to proceed due refreshments in the Senior Common of printing leaflets, even in large to a lack of archaeological expertise. Room. numbers, had to be care f u l l y With the forthcoming retirements of Don Greenwood and David Gollins, watched. Other advertising techniques NOTE: such as the Yellow Pages and TV after many years of service, there was If you feel you could help with any of e x p o s u re were discussed and a serious need for new recruits. The the tasks described above, please although it was agreed that leaflet- most urgent requirement was for a contact Bryn Walters, the ARA’s ing would continue, it was also new editor of ARA NEWS. It was Director at the address on page 2 agreed that more fruitful results noted that the Board had minuted at (ARA contacts) of this issue, or at: would come from electro n i c their recent meeting their [email protected] communication and the continuous u n re s e rved gratitude for David updating of the ARA’s website. G o l l i n s ’s eff o rts and support. His experience and patience had been superbly beneficial to the ARA in ELECTRONIC editing the A R A Bulletin up to COMMUNICATION 2004 / 5 and ARA NEWS up to the p resent, but also the desktop Vix Hughes reported on the new ARA preparation and publishing of both website and the increasing number periodicals, along with the myriad

Director: Bryn Walters BA Chairman: Grahame Soffe BA 75 York Road, SWINDON, Wiltshire, SN1 2JU Telephone/Facsimile: 01793 534008 Treasurer: David Evans PhD Telephone: 01938 561398 The Association for Roman Archaeology Limited is a Charitable Company Limited by Guarantee Company Registered No. 3218318 () British Registered Charity No. 1056599 Re g i s t e r ed Office: The Association for Roman Archaeology Limited, 75 York Road, Swindon, Wil t s h i r e, SN1 2JU