Father of Valentine's Day Box: Bronze Coin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Father of Valentine's Day Box: Bronze Coin

th Love and Death on February 14 The Saint Valentine Coin Emperor Claudius II Gothicus Coin type and grade may vary somewhat from image Many are the tales of St. Valentine, the third-century priest martyred on February 14—what we now know as Valentine’s Day. Records from that period of Roman history, the so-called Age of Chaos, are spotty, but this is what has been handed down to us: In the year 268 CE, Caesar Marcus Aurelius Claudius Augustus, known as Claudius Gothicus, assumed the Roman throne. Desperate for fresh army recruits, he decreed that young men remain unmarried; hoping that without the frivolous distraction of courtship, more of them would become soldiers. Enter that incarnation of romantic love, St. Valentine. Defying the new Emperor’s orders, Valentine performed secret marriages in the underground Christian community. He was soon discovered, arrested, and sentenced to death. Legend has it that just before his execution, he sent a letter to the jailer's daughter, whom he had befriended, which he signed "from your Valentine"—the origin of the modern custom. On February 14, he was beheaded outside the Flaminian Gate, but his heart beat on; his Feast Day was established by Pope Gelasius I in 496. This rare coin was struck during the brief reign of Claudius Gothicus, who died of smallpox in 270. Although he won an historic victory over the Goths at the Battle of Naissus, Claudius Gothicus is known to history as the man who killed St. Valentine. The obverse of the coin depicts a bust of the Emperor, with his Latinized name and abbreviated titles. The reverse inscriptions and iconography are varied. Metal: bronze; weight: 1.5-4.3 g; diameter: 14.2-21.5 mm Data: Box measures: 3.87” X 3.87” X 1.25” Order code: VALENTINEBOX All coins in each set are protected in an archival capsule and beautifully displayed in a mahogany-like box. The box set is accompanied with a story card, certificate of authenticity, and a black embossed gift box. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Joint Parishes Event Annointing of the Sick 16Th February 3 P.M
Bulletin 1st March 2020 Bulletin 1st March 2019 Bulletin 23rd February 2020 Bulletin 23rd February 2020 …… Ash Wednesday Marks the beginning of Lent…It is preceded by Shrove Tuesday or Pancake Tuesday and falls on the first day of Lent,[2] the six weeks of penitence fasting and prayer before Easter. Ash Wednesday is traditionally observed by many Christians. It is observed by Anglicans, most Latin Rite Roman Catholics, Lutherans, Methodists, Moravians, Nazarenes, Indepe ndent Catholics, as well many from the Reformed faith.[3] As it is the first day of Lent, many Christians begin Ash Wednesday by marking a Lenten calendar, praying a Lenten daily devotional, and making a Lenten sacrifice that they will not partake of until the arrival of Eastertide.[4][5] Ash Wednesday derives its name from the placing of repentance ashes on the foreheads of participants to either the words “Repent, and believe in the Gospel” or the dictum “Remember that you are dust, and to dust you shall return.”[6] The ashes are prepared by burning palm leaves from the previous year’s Palm Sunday celebrations….(source= Wikipedia) Bulletin 16th February 2020 Bulletin 16th February 2020 Saint Valentine, officially known as Saint Valentine of Rome, is a third-century Roman saint widely celebrated on February 14 and commonly associated with “courtly love.”One common story about St. Valentine is that in one point of his life, as the former Bishop of Terni, Narnia and Amelia, he was on house arrest with Judge Asterius. While discussing religion and faith with the Judge, Valentine pledged the validity of Jesus.
[Show full text]
Collector's Checklist for Roman Imperial Coinage
Liberty Coin Service Collector’s Checklist for Roman Imperial Coinage (49 BC - AD 518) The Twelve Caesars - The Julio-Claudians and the Flavians (49 BC - AD 96) Purchase Emperor Denomination Grade Date Price Julius Caesar (49-44 BC) Augustus (31 BC-AD 14) Tiberius (AD 14 - AD 37) Caligula (AD 37 - AD 41) Claudius (AD 41 - AD 54) Tiberius Nero (AD 54 - AD 68) Galba (AD 68 - AD 69) Otho (AD 69) Nero Vitellius (AD 69) Vespasian (AD 69 - AD 79) Otho Titus (AD 79 - AD 81) Domitian (AD 81 - AD 96) The Nerva-Antonine Dynasty (AD 96 - AD 192) Nerva (AD 96-AD 98) Trajan (AD 98-AD 117) Hadrian (AD 117 - AD 138) Antoninus Pius (AD 138 - AD 161) Marcus Aurelius (AD 161 - AD 180) Hadrian Lucius Verus (AD 161 - AD 169) Commodus (AD 177 - AD 192) Marcus Aurelius Years of Transition (AD 193 - AD 195) Pertinax (AD 193) Didius Julianus (AD 193) Pescennius Niger (AD 193) Clodius Albinus (AD 193- AD 195) The Severans (AD 193 - AD 235) Clodius Albinus Septimus Severus (AD 193 - AD 211) Caracalla (AD 198 - AD 217) Purchase Emperor Denomination Grade Date Price Geta (AD 209 - AD 212) Macrinus (AD 217 - AD 218) Diadumedian as Caesar (AD 217 - AD 218) Elagabalus (AD 218 - AD 222) Severus Alexander (AD 222 - AD 235) Severus The Military Emperors (AD 235 - AD 284) Alexander Maximinus (AD 235 - AD 238) Maximus Caesar (AD 235 - AD 238) Balbinus (AD 238) Maximinus Pupienus (AD 238) Gordian I (AD 238) Gordian II (AD 238) Gordian III (AD 238 - AD 244) Philip I (AD 244 - AD 249) Philip II (AD 247 - AD 249) Gordian III Trajan Decius (AD 249 - AD 251) Herennius Etruscus
[Show full text]
The Epitome De Caesaribus and the Thirty Tyrants
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ELTE Digital Institutional Repository (EDIT) THE EPITOME DE CAESARIBUS AND THE THIRTY TYRANTS MÁRK SÓLYOM The Epitome de Caesaribus is a short, summarizing Latin historical work known as a breviarium or epitomé. This brief summary was written in the late 4th or early 5th century and summarizes the history of the Roman Empire from the time of Augustus to the time of Theodosius the Great in 48 chapters. Between chapters 32 and 35, the Epitome tells the story of the Empire under Gallienus, Claudius Gothicus, Quintillus, and Aurelian. This was the most anarchic time of the soldier-emperor era; the imperatores had to face not only the German and Sassanid attacks, but also the economic crisis, the plague and the counter-emperors, as well. The Scriptores Historiae Augustae calls these counter-emperors the “thirty tyrants” and lists 32 usurpers, although there are some fictive imperatores in that list too. The Epitome knows only 9 tyrants, mostly the Gallic and Western usurpers. The goal of my paper is to analyse the Epitome’s chapters about Gallienus’, Claudius Gothicus’ and Aurelian’s counter-emperors with the help of the ancient sources and modern works. The Epitome de Caesaribus is a short, summarizing Latin historical work known as a breviarium or epitomé (ἐπιτομή). During the late Roman Empire, long historical works (for example the books of Livy, Tacitus, Suetonius, Cassius Dio etc.) fell out of favour, as the imperial court preferred to read shorter summaries. Consequently, the genre of abbreviated history became well-recognised.1 The word epitomé comes from the Greek word epitemnein (ἐπιτέμνειν), which means “to cut short”.2 The most famous late antique abbreviated histories are Aurelius Victor’s Liber de Caesaribus (written in the 360s),3 Eutropius’ Breviarium ab Urbe condita4 and Festus’ Breviarium rerum gestarum populi Romani.5 Both Eutropius’ and Festus’ works were created during the reign of Emperor Valens between 364 and 378.
[Show full text]
Two of Constantine's “Official Lies”
Graeco-Latina Brunensia 25 / 2020 / 2 https://doi.org/10.5817/GLB2020-2-5 Two of Constantine’s “Official Lies” Stanislav Doležal (University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice) Abstract The article deals with the twin lie, devised by the Emperor Constantine the Great in 310: his fake ancestry (his relationship to the Emperor Claudius Gothicus) and his alleged “pagan vision” of Apollo (which was either a lie or, perhaps less probably, a product of hallucination). Both lies / ARTICLES ČLÁNKY served to buttress his shaken political position in that year and to provide him with a hereditary claim to rule. This claim was presented as superior to the tetrarchic principles of succession which were already flouted by Constantine in 306 by his usurpation, and to his elevation to the position of augustus by Maximian in 307. In contrast, the story of the famous “Christian vision” was most probably fabricated by Eusebius after Constantine’s death and bears no relation (not even a resemblance) to the “pagan vision” of Constantine. Keywords Constantine the Great; Claudius Gothicus; Apollo; vision 61 Stanislav Doležal Two of Constantine’s “Official Lies” In the preceding volume of Graeco-Latina Brunensia,1 this author dealt with the un- verifiable claim of Constantine the Great that his father, the Emperor Constantius I, conferred upon him the imperial title before he died. This claim cannot be proved now (and it could not be proved in 306) and it appears to be suspect. It rested solely on Constantine’s assertion, and it is found in some, but not all of our sources.2 However, it did have its intended political impact.
[Show full text]
A Late Roman Coin-Hoard from Kiddington, Oxon. by C
A Late Roman Coin-Hoard from Kiddington, Oxon. By C. H. V. SUTHERLAND URING the excavation, in the summer of 1935, of the Roman villa in D Watts Wells Field South near Ditchley (described above, pp. 24 ff.), it became known that Mr. H. M. Gaskell, of Kiddington Hall, was in possession of a hoard of bronze coins1 which had been found at a previous date no more than a few hundred yards from the site of the villa. The actual find spot is uncertain now, but it lay (as marked approximately on the foregoing map, above, p. 26) about 600-700 yards NNE. of the villa, and just north of the hedge between Box Wood and Out Wood,2 on the property of Mr. Gaskell. With the owner's kind consent the hoard was removed to the Ashmolean Museum for cleaning and examination. From the broken sherds which accom panied the hoard it .may probably be inferred that the coins were contained in a pot and that this was broken at some time or other in the process of cultivation. The coins themselves formed a nearly solid mass of metal, moulded in parts to contours suitable to the inside of a pot (PLATE xv A). Mr. W. H. Young, by whose skill and patience the coins have been separated and cleaned, reports that their condition before cleaning was consistent with their having been subject for a considerable period to the chemical action of the soil; their original receptacle was probably shattered some long time ago, for the sherds which are here assumed to be the remains of the pot have their edges blunt and rounded.
[Show full text]
Copyrighted Material
THE CRISIS OF THE THIRD CENTURY 23 1 The Crisis of the Third Century 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 253–268 Gallienus The Byzantine Empire does not have a proper “beginning” since it was, in fact, the continuation of the Roman state, which had begun (according to tradition) in 753 BC. A convenient starting date is the reign of Constantine, but the events of his reign cannot be understood without a consideration of the events and problems of the third century after Christ, since those set the scene for the restructuring and “revival” of Rome in the years that followed. We begin our survey, therefore, with the crisis that affected the Roman world in the middle years of the third century. The 50 years between the death of Severus Alexander and the accession of Diocletian (235–284) witnessed the near collapse of the whole Roman way of life, from the government and military structure to the economy and the thought system that had characterized the ancient world until then. In political terms, no emperor COPYRIGHTEDduring this entire period was MATERIALsecure, and nearly every one of them died a violent death at the hands of rebels. The frontiers of the empire gave way, the enemies of the state, especially in the north and the east, came flooding in, and various parts of the empire became essentially independent. Meanwhile, the economy collapsed, inflation drove prices up, and the coinage became virtually worthless. Not surprisingly, amid these difficulties there developed what we may call a cultural crisis, characterized by changes of style in art, literature, and religion.
[Show full text]
Coins Found at Soldiers' Mount in the Parish of Princes Risborough. Rev
COINS FOUND AT SOLDIERS' MOUNT, IN THE PARISH OF PRINCESS RISBOROUGH. BY REV. W. J. BURGESS, A. M. The following is a short account of some coins recently found on a hill called Soldiers' Mount near to Prince's Risborough in this county. They are interesting memo- rials of that Colossal Empire, which, when they were first issued, held under its dominion the British Isles, and all countries Eastward to the borders of Persia. In all these lands Rome left durable vestiges of her power and achieve- ments. 1. One of these coins is of the reign of Constantine the younger, who succeeded Constantine the Great in the Western Provinces, A.D. 337. The head is a clear but not very highly finished representation of Constantine. The legend contains only the latter part of the name " NUS JUN." The reverse a Roman standard between two soldiers who are armed with spear and shield. In the exergue T. R. P., t. e., the place where the coin was struck, viz., Treves. The piece of metal forming the coin has been cut so small as not to exhibit the full inscription intended. 2. A coin of Constantine the Great, A. D. 325, contain- ing the head with helmet and wreath, and the legend " Constantinus Max:" In the reverse are two Victories winged over an altar, with the legend " Victoria Ice et princepsa victory joyful and most important. Might not this have been the victory gained by the Emperor, when, as related, the vision of the Cross appeared to him with the precept cv TOUT A VM? " sub hoc signo vinces." 3.
[Show full text]
AUGUSTUS Augustus Was the First Emperor of Rome
Primary History Resource: The Romans - Roman Emperors BC 27 AUGUSTUS Augustus was the first Emperor of Rome. His name was Octavian before he became emperor, and changed it to Augustus in 27 BC. He came out on top after years of civil war that followed the death of Julius Caesar. Augustus was not a very lovable person, but he was clever and a good law-maker. He set up a mail service and built roads. The empire got bigger. Augustus had a month named after him (August); before him, the Romans called this month Sextilis. When Augustus died in AD 14, his stepson Tiberius became emperor. There was no going back to a republic. AD 14-37 TIBERIUS AD 37-41 GAIUS 'CALIGULA' AD 41-54 CLAUDIUS Claudius was Tiberius' nephew. When the emperor’s bodyguard, the Praetorian Guard, murdered the mad emperor Caligula, the guards made Claudius emperor. They thought he was a fool, but he turned out to be an emperor who ruled well. It was Claudius who ordered the invasion of Britain in AD 43. AD 54-68 NERO Nero was the adopted son of Claudius. Some historians think his mother Agrippina poisoned Claudius (her second husband) so that Nero could become emperor. Nero wanted to be an actor and a poet. He appeared on stage, which many people thought was very undignified for an emperor. Nero was also blamed for a fire that burned down much of Rome in A.D. 64. In the end he killed himself. AD 68-69 GALBA AD 69 YEAR OF THE 4 EMPERORS GALBA, OTHO, VITELLIUS, SABINUS AD 69-79 VESPASIAN AD 79-81 TITUS AD 81-96 DOMITIAN S AUGUSTULUS (W) Primary History bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory BBC©2009 Primary History Resource: The Romans - Roman Emperors AD 96-98 NERVA AD 97-117 TRAJAN Trajan came from Spain and was the first non-Roman to be emperor.
[Show full text]
The Plan of the Saxon Shore Fort at Richborough
The Plan of the Saxon Shore Fort at Richborough By TONY WILMOTT AND PHILIP SMITHER SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL ONLINE TABLE 1. COINS FROM PIT 16 18 ft 1 House of Theodosius 388–95 22 ft 1 Gallienus 254–68 4 illegible 4th century 22 ft 6 ins 1 Trajan 104–11 1 Claudius II 268–70 1 Honorius 388–95 1 illegible 4th century Total 10 coins ONLINE TABLE 2. COINS FROM PIT 26: THE PUBLISHED LIST COMPARED WITH THE LIST IN THE ORIGINAL SITE NOTEBOOK Published list Site notebook list Mouth of pit Radiate head type Mouth of pit 1 Tetricus 268–73 1–3 ft 2 Tetricus 268–73 18 ins down 1 Tetricus 268–73 10 Radiate heads c. 260–96 10 Radiate illegible, 260–96 prob mostly Tetricus 1–3 ft Radiate illegible 3 probable ditto 3 corroded fragments, apparently radiate Total 16 coins Total 16 coins 3–6 ft 2 Gallienus 254–68 3–6 ft 2 Gallienus 254–68 4 Tetricus, 1 barbarous 268–73 4 Tetricus 268–73 2 Claudius Gothicus 268–70 2 Claudius Gothicus 268–70 12 Radiate heads c. 260–96 12 Radiate illegible 260–96 Total 20 coins Total 20 coins 6–9 ft 1 Faustina Junr c. 160 6–9 ft 1 Faustina Junr c. 160 1 Gallienus 254–68 1 Gallienus 254–68 2 Tetricus, 1 barbarous 268–73 1 Tetricus 268–73 2 Radiate heads c. 260–96 2 Radiate c. 260–96 About 10 corroded Abt 10 corroded fragments, apparently fragments, apparently radiate heads mostly radiate Total 16 coins Total 15 coins 9–12 ft 2 Gallienus 254–68 9–12 ft 1 Gallienus 254–68 1 Claudius Gothicus 268–70 2 Tetricus 268–73 4 Tetricus, 2 barbarous 268–73 13 Radiate, illegible, 260–96 many barbarous 18 Radiate heads, many 260–96 9–12 ft 1 Gallienus 254–68 barbarous (10 ft down) 8 corroded, fragments, 1 Claudius Gothicus 268–70 apparently radiate heads 7 radiate illegible, 260–96 mostly barbarous 8 corroded, fragmentary, 260–96 apparently radiate Total 33 coins Total 33 coins 12–15 ft 1 Claudius Gothicus 268–70 12–15 ft 2 Tetricus 268–73 2 Tetricus 268–73 1 Claudius Gothicus 268–70 9 Radiate heads, 5 c.
[Show full text]
Apollo As a Precedent to the Coinage of Sol Invictus
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Repositorio Universidad de Zaragoza Acta Ant. Hung. 58, 2018, 379–398 DOI: 10.1556/068.2018.58.1–4.22 LORENZO PÉREZ YARZA APOLLO AS A PRECEDENT TO THE COINAGE OF SOL INVICTUS Summary: The purpose of this paper is to produce an approach to Sol through Numismatics. I intend to point out the possible correspondences existing between the god Sol, referred to as Sol Invictus in histori- ography,1 and Apollo. While the solar facet of Phoebus Apollo is well known, to what extent he exerted an influence over Sol Invictus has yet to be elucidated. Comparing types and chronologies plus describing correspondences between the two gods in an homogenous process may actually constitute a different ap- proach. Three aspects will be taken into consideration: iconography exchange, the chronological relation- ship and the propagandistic function of coin legends. The aim is to incorporate the knowledge thus gained into a critical analysis of Sol in the 3rd century. Key words: Sol Invictus, Apollo, Numismatics, conservator, propaganda Manders2 already mentions Apollo acting as an imperial protector in the second half of the 3rd century. Many deities and deified concepts acquired this feature throughout the century, usually connected to militarization and legitimizing propaganda. Imagery and formulae must be perceived as a reflection of imperial policy. A re- flection, not a copy, as to defend the existence of direct and exhaustive control over monetary policy would be excessive. From the point of view of iconography, the weight of tradition cannot be underestimated when assessing the message conveyed by coins.
[Show full text]
Naspeuringen Van Paul Theelen: Plagues
Naspeuringen van Paul Theelen: Plagues Plagues The Antonine Plague of 165 to 180 AD, also known as the Plague of Galen (from the name of the Greek physician living in the Roman Empire who described it), was an ancient pandemic brought back to the Roman Empire by troops returning from campaigns in the Near East. Scholars have suspected it to have been either smallpox or measles, but the true cause remains undetermined. The epidemic may have claimed the life of a Roman emperor, Lucius Verus, who died in 169 and was the co-regent of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, whose family name, Antoninus, has become associated with the epidemic. The disease broke out again nine years later, according to the Roman historian Dio Cassius (155–235), causing up to 2000 deaths a day in Rome, one quarter of those who were affected, giving the disease a mortality rate of about 25%. The total deaths have been estimated at five million, and the disease killed as much as one-third of the population in some areas and devastated the Roman army. Ancient sources agree that the epidemic appeared first during the Roman siege of Seleucia in the winter of 165–166. Ammianus Marcellinus reports that the plague spread to Gaul and to the legions along the Rhine. Eutropius asserts that a large population died throughout the Empire. Rafe de Crespigny speculates that the plague may have also broken out in Eastern Han China before 166, given notices of plagues in Chinese records. The plague affected Roman culture and literature, and may have severely affected Indo-Roman trade relations in the Indian Ocean.
[Show full text]
Chaplain's Chat Groundhog Day Fun Facts Cont. Early Origins of St
Chaplain's Chat W Dear Friends, The In honor of Valentine's Day here are some words of God's Love from the Psalms: "How Villager priceless is your unfailing love! People take refuge in the shadow Of Your wings." -Psalm OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER OF WESTCHESTER VILLAGE 02-01-2021 36:7, "Your Love is better than life; my lips will glorify you!"-Psalm 63:3, "For as high as the heavens are above the earth, so great is His Love for those who fear Him." -Psalm 103:11, "Praise the Lord! Give thanks to the Lord! For He is good; His love endures forever!"-Psalm 106:1, "O Israel, put your hope in the Lord, for with the Lord is unfailing Early Origins of St. Valentine Love, and with Him is full redemption!" -Psalm 130:7, "The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in Love!" -Psalm 145:8 Ancient sources reveal that there were several St. Valentines who died on Feb. 14. Two of them were executed during the reign of Roman Emperor Claudius Gothicus in 269-270 A. D., at a time when persecution of Christians was common. How do we know this? Because, an order of Belgian monks spent three centuries collecting evidence for the lives of saints from manuscript archives around the known world. They were called Bollandists after Jean Bolland, a Jesuit scholar who began publishing the massive 68-folio volumes of "Acta Groundhog Day Fun Facts Sanctorum," or "Lives of the Saints," beginning in 1643. Since then, successive generations of monks continued the work until the last volume was published in 1940.
[Show full text]