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Analysis of Factors Affecting the Income of Farmers of Corn (Zea Mays) in the District of Tiga Binanga, Karo District

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Analysis of Factors Affecting the Income of Farmers of Corn (Zea Mays) in the District of Tiga Binanga, Karo District International Journal of Research and Review Vol.7; Issue: 7; July 2020 Website: www.ijrrjournal.com Research Paper E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237 Analysis of Factors Affecting the Income of Farmers of Corn (Zea mays) in The District of Tiga Binanga, Karo District Yan Frandy Ginting1, Rahmanta2, Kelin Tarigan2 1Postgraduate Students, Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture at Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia 2Postgraduate Lecturer, Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture at Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia Corresponding Author: Yan Frandy Ginting ABSTRACT growth of good economy at this time and in the future. Indonesia is a tropical country Corn (Zea mays) is one of the crops that thrives and rich in crops. The climate of Indonesia in Indonesia that has been very popular. One of allows for the growth of various plants, them is the sweetened corn that is consumed fruits and crops (Soekartawi, 2002). much because it has a sweeter taste compared to Corn (Zea mays) is one of the crops ordinary corn. In addition, the production life is shorter, so it is profitable. The research area was that thrives in Indonesia that has been very chosen purposive, in the District of Tiga popular. One of them is the sweetened corn Binanga, Karo District, North Sumatera that is consumed much because it has a Province. A sample amount of 98 respondents, sweeter taste compared to ordinary corn. In which is estimated based on the number of addition, the production life is shorter, so it farmer populations in the sub-district of three is profitable. This commodity is an Binanga 6,500 people by doing simple random important source of Karbohidratyang so that sampling. Based on the results of the study, it can be a good alternative food in addition workforce cost is negatively and insignificant to rice. Corn is also a source of raw effect the income of corn farmers in the sub- materials for industrial sectors including the district of Tiga Binanga. Fertilizer cost is food industry. Nutritional content of sweet negatively and significantly affect the income of corn farmers in the sub-district of Tiga Binanga. corn every kilogram of material that can be Pesticide cost is negatively and insignificant eaten quite high i.e. energy 96 calories, effect the income of corn farmers in the sub- protein 3.5 grams, fat 1.0 grams, district of Tiga Binanga. Land lease cost is carbohydrates 22.8 grams, calcium 3.0 mg, negatively and significantly affects the income Phosphorus 111 mg, iron 0.7 mg, vitamin A of corn farmers in the sub-district of Tiga 4000 SI, vitamin B 0.15 mg, and vitamin C Binanga. 12 mg, water 72.2 gram. Sweet corn plants are suitable for a variety of planting patterns Keywords: Corn, Workforce Cost, Fertilizer so that can further increase the income of Cost, Pesticide Cost, Land Lease Cost, Income farmers. Corn also gives benefits to people involved in processing and marketing INTRODUCTION activities. According to studies conducted at Agricultural sector is one of the Cornell University, Corn is one of the sectors that Indonesia can reliably to support sources of antioxidants that can fight cancer the rate of national economic growth, caused by free radicals. Corn is a rich because the agriculture sector is one of the source of the phenolic acid ferulic bases that are expected to support the compounds, an anti-cancer agent that has International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 206 Vol.7; Issue: 7; July 2020 Yan Frandy Ginting et.al. Analysis of factors affecting the income of farmers of corn (Zea mays) in the district of Tiga Binanga, Karo district been shown to be effective in combating brand, Kecamatan Kabanjahe, District Dolat tumors in breast cancer and liver cancer. In Rayat, Naman Teran subdistrict and last addition to sweet corn, there is also pearl district Berastagi. corn (flint corn) which has the Latin name The community in the Sub-district of Zea mays var. indurata and is the type of Tiga Binanga, Karo regency is generally a local corn that is most widely planted by farmer's livelihood, especially in the farmers in Java. The name of the pearl on cultivation of corn. The public interest to this corn is caused by the seeds of its seed grow corn increased by 3-4 times the type of pearl seed. The seeds are round, number of farmers who plunged into the slippery, shiny and also hard because the cultivation of corn because of its obvious hard part of the starch is at the top of the demand, land is still wide, labor is available seeds. This type of corn is liked by farmers so that it can affect the magnitude of the because it has a resistance to pest warehouse income of corn farmers in the sub-district of (Marvelia, 2006). Tiga Binanga, Karo District. In terms of consumption indicates The problem of low income that that corn is a substitute for rice and cassava. farmers acquired is a complex problem For Indonesians corn is the second staple faced by farmers in corn farming. These food after rice. There are regions in problems are caused by several factors, Indonesia that are cultured to consume corn among others, the number of land owned by such as Madura, the south coast of East farmers where this condition causes farmers Java, the south coast of Central Java, difficult to strive only at a favorable level, Yogyakarta, south coast of West Java, the low economic value of the agricultural eastern South Sulawesi, Kendari, south East products themselves so that the reason the Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Bolaang Mongondow, banks should sort out in providing credit North Maluku, Karo, Dairi, Simalungun, funds and capital participation, still the low East Nusa Tenggara, and parts of West Nusa education of farmers who cause most Tenggara. farmers still focus on the traditions of the The production of the World Corn past in conducting agricultural practices so ranks third after rice and wheat amounting that farmers do not want to implement to 612.5 million tonnes. The distribution of technical recommendations to the fullest , corn cultivation continues to expand in the difficulty of access to financing for rural various countries in the world because this areas where most farmers do not get the plant has a wide adaptation power in loans they need to invest so that they can subtropical or tropical areas. Indonesia is not increase productivity through the use of the largest producing country in the better production facilities (Saprodi), lack of Southeast Asian region, so there is no farmers skills that are also assessed is still exaggeration for Indonesia to produce the low because smallholders do not have a self-sufficiency of corn (Purnomo & source of income, especially during Hartono, 2011). maintenance activities and lack of access to Based on data show from 17 sub- information that makes farmers only rely on district in Karo District, Tiga Binanga Sub- information from the market that can district was first in terms of corn production eventually bring up information inequality in Karo district with a total production of and difficulty negotiating so that many 135,289 tonnes. Then followed by farmers Sell its production with the Ijon Mardingding subdistrict, Laubaleng system. subdistrict, Kutabuluh Sub-district, Munte subdistrict, Juhar Sub-district, Tiganderket LITERATURE REVIEW subdistrict, Tigapanah subdistrict, 2.1 Income Barusginger Sub-district, Simpang Empat Farming income is the amount of Subdistrict, District umbrella, Kecamatan benefits or results received by farmers that International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 207 Vol.7; Issue: 7; July 2020 Yan Frandy Ginting et.al. Analysis of factors affecting the income of farmers of corn (Zea mays) in the district of Tiga Binanga, Karo district are calculated based on the production value or the rest of plants and animals. Organic minus all types of expenditures used for fertilizer commonly used by farmers is production. Therefore, the income of manure. The use of manure is beneficial for farming is strongly influenced by the cost of supplying organic materials and essential production facilities, maintenance costs, nutrients, stimulating the growth of soil post-harvest costs, processing and microorganisms as well as improving the distribution as well as production value. physical, chemical and biological properties In general, income can also be used of soil (Djoehna, 2003). as a tool to measure the economic condition of a person or household. income shows all 2.5 Pesticides money or other material results achieved Pesticides are subctance that are from the use of wealth or services received used to kill or control various pests. The by a person or household during a certain word pesticide comes from the word pest period of time in an economic activity meaning pest and cida which means killer. (Winardi, 1998). So simply pesticides are interpreted as pest killers namely mites, plant disruptors, plant 2.2 Production Theory diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, In general, production is interpreted nematode, slugs, rats, birds and other as an activity or process that animals that are considered detrimental Menstranspormasikan input into output. In (Djojosumarto, 2008). this common sense of use is quite widespread, so it includes outputs that are in 2.6 Land the form of goods or services. In a narrow Land has a broader meaning than the sense, the sense of production is meant only meaning of land considering the land is just as an activity that crosses goods both one aspect of the land. The process of finished and semi-finished goods, industrial changing utilization is quite complex where materials and spare parts or Spareparts and the change mechanism involves several components.
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