DOCSLIB.ORG

Cixiidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha), Fauna of New

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cixiidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha), Fauna of New INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS ADVISORY GROUP REPRESENTATIVES OF LANDCARE RESEARCH Dr D.R. Penman Landcare Research Lincoln Agriculture & Science Centre P.O. Box 69, Lincoln, New Zealand Dr T.K. Crosby and Dr M.-C. Larivière Landcare Research Mount Albert Research Centre Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF UNIVERSITIES Dr R.M. Emberson Ecology and Entomology Group Soil, Plant, and Ecological Sciences Division P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF MUSEUMS Mr R.L. Palma Natural Environment Department Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF OVERSEAS INSTITUTIONS Dr J.F. Lawrence CSIRO Division of Entomology G.P.O. Box 1700, Canberra City A.C.T. 2601, Australia * * * SERIES EDITOR Dr T. K. Crosby Landcare Research Mount Albert Research Centre Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 40 Cixiidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) M.-C. Larivière Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand [email protected] Manaaki W h e n u a P R E S S Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand 1999 Copyright © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 1999 No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping information retrieval systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher. Cataloguing in publication LARIVIÈRE, Marie-Claude Cixiidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) / M.-C. Larivière – Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, 1999. (Fauna of New Zealand, ISSN 0111–5383 ; no. 40). ISBN 0-478-09334-9 I. Title II. Series UDC 595.753.2(931) Prepared for publication by the series editor and the author using computer-based text and image processing, layout, scanning, and printing at Landcare Research, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand M~ori text by H. Jacob, Huatau Consultants, Levin. Published by Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. Website: http://www.mwpress.co.nz/ Printed by PrintLink, Wellington Front cover: Tiriteana clarkei (Illustrator: D.W. Helmore). Publication of the Fauna of New Zealand series is supported by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology under contract nunmber C09617. Fauna of New Zealand 40 5 POPULAR SUMMARY HE WHAKARAPOPOTOTANGA Class Insecta Order Hemiptera Suborder Auchenorrhyncha Family Cixiidae Cixiid planthoppers The primitive planthopper family Cixiidae has more than 1500 known species. Probably at least twice as many species remain to be described. The family is divided into Illustration / Whakaahua: Tiriteana clarkei Myers (Illustra- three groups of genera and species or subfamilies; only tor / Kaiwhakaahua: D. W. Helmore). one subfamily, the Cixiinae, is known from New Zealand. Compared with larger or warmer regions of the world, the New Zealand fauna appears relatively small (25 Ng~ Peketipu Cixiid species, 11 genera), but what it lacks in size it makes up in NÇ tuauri wh~ioio te wh~nau peketipu Cixiidae, ~, neke uniqueness. atu i te 1500 ng~ momo e mÇhiotia ana. Ka mutu, e Because of the special nature of the fauna, New whakapaetia ana ko t‘tahi hautoru noa iho t‘nei o te katoa Zealand can be regarded as a biodiversity hotspot for these o ng~ momo o t‘nei wh~nau. E toru ng~ wehenga puninga, insects for the following reasons. Eight out of 11 known ng~ “wh~nau iti” r~nei, ~, e ai ki ng~ tohunga, kotahi anake genera are found nowhere else in the world. The majority o ‘nei wh~nau iti, ar~ ng~ Cixiinae, e noho ana i Aotearoa. of species are restricted to islands (e.g., Three Kings and Ina whakatairitea ki ng~ whenua rahi ake, mahana ake Chathams) or to small regions and remote areas of the back o te ao, k~ore e p‘r~ rawa te huhua o ng~ momo e noho country. Like the Tuatara and velvet worms (Onychophora), ana i Aotearoa (ar~, e 25 ng~ momo, 11 ng~ puninga), a number of genera and species represent very ancient engari ahakoa te tokoiti, in~ te ahurei o t‘nei huihuinga. lineages that may have originated on Gondwanaland. He tino k~inga a Aotearoa nÇ ‘nei peketipu. O ng~ Other, more recently evolved, lineages have diversified in puninga 11 e mÇhiotia ana, ar~ ‘tahi e 8 k~ore e kitea i more recent habitats such as subalpine environments (e.g., ‘tahi atu kokonga o te ao. Ko te nuinga o ng~ momo, kei genus Semo), coastal areas and limestone caves (Confuga ng~ moutere e karapoti ana i Aotearoa (hei tauira, ar~ ‘tahi persephone). kei Manawa T~whi, kei R‘kohu r~nei) kei ng~ takiw~ The New Zealand fauna, however, did not evolve in wh~iti, mÇriroriro r~nei o te tuawhenua. P‘r~ anÇ i te tuatara total isolation. Three genera are shared with other regions me te momo noke e k§ia nei he Onychophora, ar~ ‘tahi of the world: Aka occurs also in Tasmania, and Cixius and puninga, momo hoki e whakapaetia ana i noho atu Ç r~tou Oliarus are cosmopolitan. tãpuna ki taua whenua rahi o tua whakarere, ki Te Uri Cixiid planthoppers are graceful little insects M~roa. Ar~ anÇ ‘tahi k~wai whakaheke i hua ake i muri generally ranging from 4 to 8 mm in length. They are mai, kua neke ki k~inga k‘, noho ai, ki ng~ w~hi p‘r~ i ng~ slightly broadened and flattened and superficially whenua tiketike (ko te puninga Semo t‘r~), i ng~ tahatika, resemble minute cicadas. Their head is squat with a pair of me ng~ ana paheko (ko te Confuga persephone t‘r~). short, bristle-like antennae. Their anterior wings are Heoi anÇ, ehara i te mea i motuhake m~rika te kukune slightly hardened and they usually have distinctive dark haere o ng~ puninga o Aotearoa. Ar~ ‘tahi puninga e toru hair-bearing spots along the veins. Some New Zealand ka kitea i ‘tahi atu whenua o te ao. Ko te puninga Aka, ka (continued overleaf) (haere tonu) 6 Larivière (1999): Cixiidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) species are bright green, others are yellowish brown, kitea i konei me Tasmania, ~, ko te Cixius me te Oliarus, greyish, or dark brown with varied colour patterns on the kei ng~ tÇpito huhua o te ao. anterior wings and markings on head and thorax He poniponi ng~ peketipu Cixiid (ar~ kei te 4–8 mm Adults can be found feeding on a variety of trees and te roa), ~, he pai r~ te hanga. He ~hua raurarahi te tinana, shrubs, or among grasses. Sometimes, especially in cold he papatahi hoki, heoi anÇ, ar~ pea tÇna rite, ko te kihikihi weather, adults and immatures (nymphs) may be found pakupaku. He poto te ãpoko, ~, e rua Çna pãhihi poto e under stones and debris. Mating occurs in the spring. The rite ana ki te huruhuru te ~hua. Ko ng~ parirau o mua, he female lays her eggs in the ground with her awl-like m~rÇrÇ, ~, he kÇiraira pÇuri kei ng~ iaia o ng~ parirau o te ovipositor. She carries a tuft of white, woolly wax at the nuinga, ka mutu, he whai huruhuru pÇuri ng~ kÇiraira nei. end of her abdomen, which she distributes in the soil Ko ‘tahi o ng~ momo kei Aotearoa, he k~k~riki te tae, ko around or under the eggs to protect them. ‘tahi anÇ he mangaeka, he kiwikiwi, he parauri, ~, he maha Nymphs, which are mostly undescribed, typically live ng~ tae kei ng~ parirau o mua, he maha anÇ ng~ waitohu underground in the soil, where they feed on the root sap of kei te ãpoko me te rei. grasses and other plants. Probably all the species have a Kitea ai ng~ mea pakeke e kai ana i te huhua o ng~ similar life-cycle, with older nymphs and adults momo r~kau me ng~ mauwha, tae atu ki ng~ p~t§t§. I Çna overwintering and a single generation being produced w~ anÇ (tae atu ki ng~ w~ o te makariri), kitea ai ng~ mea each year. One known exception is Oliarus atkinsoni pakeke me ng~ kÇhungahunga (ar~, ng~ nymph) i raro i which takes two years to develop from egg to adult. ng~ kÇhatu, i ng~ maramara r~kau r~nei. Ko te kÇanga te In general, very little is known about the biology of the kaupeka e whakatÇkia ai ng~ k~kano o ng~ uri whakaheke. New Zealand species, and this would be an interesting area Ko te pã tuku k~kano o te uwha, he ~hua rite ki te uhi, ~, of study now that we have a better understanding of the whakamahia ai t‘nei hei tuku i ana k~kano ki te whenua. composition of the fauna. The plants on which Cixiidae Kawea ai e te uwha t‘tahi poi harare he m~ te tae, he are most commonly found are flax (Phormium), grass tree perehungahunga te ~hua, ~, ka tukuna t‘nei harare ki te (Dracophyllum), hebe, karamu (Coprosma), kiokio w~hi e noho ai ng~ k~kano, hei rauh§ i a r~tou. (Blechnum ferns), mahoe (Melicytus), ti (cabbage tree), K~ore anÇ kia ~ta tautuhia te nuinga o ng~ mea and various grasses, rushes and sedges. Some kÇhungahunga, heoi anÇ, noho ai te nuinga ki te poho o planthoppers are also associated with beech (Nothofagus), Papa. Kai ai ng~ kÇhungahunga nei i te k~pia o ng~ p§akaaka conifers such as kauri pine (Agathis australis), red pine o ng~ p~t§t§ me ‘tahi atu momo tipu. E whakapaetia ana (Dacrydium cupressinum), yellow pine (Halocarpus he rite te ~hua o te wh~nau mai, me te pakari haere o ng~ biformis), totara (Podocarpus totara), and tree ferns, but it momo katoa.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae)
    ISSN 1211-8788 Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 98(2): 143–153, 2013 A new genus, Loisirella, and two new species of Bennarellini from Ecuador (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) WERNER E. HOLZINGER, INGRID HOLZINGER & JOHANNA EGGER Ökoteam-Institute for Animal Ecology and Landscape Planning, Bergmanngasse 22, 8010 Graz, Austria; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] HOLZINGER W. E., HOLZINGER I. & EGGER J. 2013: A new genus, Losirella, and two new species of Bennarellini from Ecuador (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae). In: KMENT P., MALENOVSKÝ I. & KOLIBÁÈ J. (eds.): Studies in Hemiptera in honour of Pavel Lauterer and Jaroslav L. Stehlík. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 98(2): 143–153. – A new genus, Loisirella gen.nov., and two new species, Loisirella erwini sp.nov. and Noabennarella paveli sp.nov., of the Neotropical clade Bennarellini are described from the Yasuní National Park in eastern Ecuador. Loisirella is the only Bennarellini genus with only two instead of five large sensory pits on its lateral abdominal appendages. A key to the genera and species of Bennarellini is provided. Keywords. Planthoppers, taxonomy, new genus, new species, Neotropical Region, Amazonian rainforest, terra firme forest, Yasuni National Park Introduction The tribe Bennarellini Emeljanov, 1989 is a small Neotropical clade within the planthopper family Cixiidae (EMELJANOV 1989). Only three genera and four species have been described: Bennarella Muir, 1930 with B. bicoloripennis Muir, 1930 (known from Brazil and Guyana) and B. fusca Muir, 1930 (Brazil), and the two monotypic genera Amazobenna Penny, 1980 with A. reticulata Penny, 1980 (Brazil) and Noabennarella Holzinger et Kunz, 2006 with N.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Phylogeny of the Cixiidae (Fulgoromorpha) and Its Major Subgroups: Preliminary Results
    LECTURES Friday, 11. 6. 01 Towards a phylogeny of the Cixiidae (Fulgoromorpha) and its major subgroups: preliminary results Werner E, Holzinger', Ingrid Kammerlander', Thierry Bourgoin^, Kathy L. Chan^ and Bruce C. Campbell^ 'Oekoteam, Inst. f. Faunistik und Tieroekologie, Bergmanngasse 22, A-8010 Graz, Austria ^MNHN-Laboratoire d'Entomologie & ESA 8043 du CNRS, 45, Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France 'USDA-ARS, WRRC, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, 94710-1100, CA, USA Cixiidae is one of the larger families within Fulgoromorpha. Cixiids are distributed worldwide, with an especially high diversity in the tropics. Some taxa are of economic importance, as they are vectors of serious plant diseases. Together with Delphacidae, Derbidae, Achihdae, Achilixiidae and - argued by some authors - Tettigometridae, Cixiidae are usually placed in a very basal position within Fulgoromorpha. The delimitation of the family is based mainly on symplesiomorphies, only a few characters are considered to be synapomorphies (see e. g. Bourgoin et al. 1997, Emeljanov 1990, 1997). Using both molecular and morphological methods, we want to provide new data for a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Cixiidae and its major subgroups. Initial results based on 18S ribosomal DNA sequences indicate, that the Cixiidae (sensu lato) might be a paraphyletic taxon, whereas the subfamilies Bothriocerinae and Cixiinae are obviously monophyletic. The two major tribes within Cixiinae, Pentastirini and Cixiini, are also distinct monophyla with many autapomorphic nucleotide sites. This molecular-based inference is supported by certain morphological characters, especially those found in female genitalia. For example, the presence of a heUx-like, strongly wound Ductus receptaculi (see Remane & Asche 1979) appears to be a strong synapomorphy of the Cixiini.
    [Show full text]
  • ACTA BIANCO 1 2014.Qxp
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Acta Entomologica Slovenica Jahr/Year: 2018 Band/Volume: 26 Autor(en)/Author(s): Kunz Gernot, Holzinger Werner E. Artikel/Article: Remarkable records of nine rare Auchenorrhyncha Species from Austria (Hemiptera) 173-180 ©Slovenian Entomological Society, download unter www.zobodat.at ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA SLOVENICA LJUBLJANA, DECEMBER 2018 Vol. 26, øt. 2: 173–180 REMARKABLE RECORDS OF NINE RARE AUCHENORRHYNCHA SPECIES FROM AUSTRIA (HEMIPTERA) Gernot Kunz1 & Werner E. HolzinGEr1, 2 1 Karl-Franzens-university Graz, institute for Biology, universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2 oekoteam - institute for Animal Ecology and landscape Planning, Bergmanngasse 22, 8010 Graz, Austria. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract - We present records of nine very rare and poorly known true hopper species from Austria and a record of Myndus musivus from Croatia. Glossocratus foveolatus and Calamotettix taeniatus are reported from Austria for the first time. new records of Trigonocranus emmeae, Criomorphus williamsi, Euides alpina and Dorycephalus baeri are presented. new discovered habitats of Pseudodelphacodes flaviceps at floodplains of the inn river are strongly influenced by hydropower uti- lization. Two different “ecotypes” of Ommatidiotus dissimilis are reported; they might represent different “cryptic species”. KEy Words: Austria, Biogeography, new records, planthoppers, leafhoppers, true hoppers, Cicadina, Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha, Cixiidae, Cicadellidae, delphaci- dae, Caliscelidae Izvleček – izJEMnE nAJdBE dEVETiH rEdKiH VrsT ŠKrŽATKoV (AuCHEnorrHynCHA) V AVsTriJi (HEMiPTErA) Predstavljava podatke o devetih zelo redkih in slabo poznanih vrstah škržatkov iz Avstrije in najdbo vrste Myndus musivus na Hrvaškem.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Systematics of Hawaiian Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)L
    Pacific Science (1997), vol. 51, no. 4: 366-376 © 1997 by University of Hawai'i Press. All rights reserved A Review of the Systematics of Hawaiian Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)l MANFRED ASCHE2 ABSTRACT: With 206 endemic species, the phytophagous Fulgoroidea, or planthop­ pers, are among the most important elements of the native Hawaiian fauna. These principally monophagous or oligophagous insects occur in nearly all Hawaiian terrestrial ecosystems. Species of two of the 18 planthopper families occurring worldwide have successfully colonized and subsequently radiated in Hawai'i. Based on collections made mainly by Perkins, Kirkaldy, Muir, Giffard, and Swezey, more than 95% of these species were described in the first three decades of this century. The systematics of the Hawaiian planthoppers has changed little in the past 60 yr and is not based on any phylogenetic analyses. This paper attempts a preliminary phylogenetic evaluation ofthe native Hawaiian p1anthoppers on the basis ofcompara­ tive morphology to recognize monophyletic taxa and major evolutionary lines. The following taxa are each descendants of single colonizing species: in Cixiidae, the Hawaiian Oliarus and Iolania species; in De1phacidae, Aloha partim, Dictyophoro­ delphax, Emoloana, Leialoha + Nesothoe, Nesodryas, and at least four groups within Nesosydne. Polyphyletic taxa are the tribe "Alohini," Aloha s.l., Nesorestias, Nesosydne s.l., and Nothorestias. Non-Hawaiian species currently placed in Iolania, Oliarus, Aloha, Leialoha, and Nesosydne are not closely allied to the Hawaiian taxa. The origin of the Hawaiian planthoppers is obscure. The Hawaiian Oliorus appear to have affinities to (North) American taxa. ALTHOUGH THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS are the most Other groups of Hawaiian insects have isolated islands on earth, they house a remark­ received far less attention, although they are ably rich flora and fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Oecleini)
    ISSN 1211-8788 Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 98(2): 155–162, 2013 Acoustic communication in the subtroglophile planthopper Trigonocranus emmeae Fieber, 1876 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Oecleini) HANNELORE HOCH *, ROLAND MÜHLETHALER & ANDREAS WESSEL Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] *Corresponding author HOCH H., MÜHLETHALER R. & WESSEL A. 2013: Acoustic communication in the subtroglophile planthopper Trigonocranus emmeae Fieber, 1876 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Oecleini). In: KMENT P., MALENOVSKÝ I. & KOLIBÁÈ J. (eds.): Studies in Hemiptera in honour of Pavel Lauterer and Jaroslav L. Stehlík. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 98(2): 155–162. – A recently discovered, and apparently autochthonous, population of Trigonocranus emmeae Fieber, 1876 in Germany (Rhineland-Palatinae: Bernkastel) confirmed the large degree of intraspecific variation with regard to the size of the compound eyes, length of tegmina and bodily pigmentation reported in the literature. For the first time, intraspecific communication signals for the species could be recorded. T. emmeae is identified to be at least subtroglophile, and its potential as a suitable model to study the evolution of cave adaptation in a natural system is discussed. Keywords. Auchenorrhyncha, phenotypic variation, behaviour, vibrational communication, troglomorphy, cave adaptation, climatic relict hypothesis, adaptive shift hypothesis, western Palaearctic Introduction Trigonocranus emmeae was originally described by FIEBER (1876) from Switzerland. It is widely distributed in the southern half of continental Europe and Great Britain (for detailed information on its geographic distribution see HOLZINGER et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Title: the Phylogenetic Information Carried by a New Set Of
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Title: The phylogenetic information carried by a new set of morphological characters in planthoppers : the internal mouthpart structures and test in the Cixiidae model (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) Author: Jolanta Brożek, Thierry Bourgoin Citation style: Brożek Jolanta, Bourgoin Thierry. (2013). The phylogenetic information carried by a new set of morphological characters in planthoppers : the internal mouthpart structures and test in the Cixiidae model (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha).. "Zoomorphology" (2013, no. 4, s. 403-420), doi 10.1007/s00435-013-0195-2 Zoomorphology (2013) 132:403–420 DOI 10.1007/s00435-013-0195-2 ORIGINAL PAPER The phylogenetic information carried by a new set of morphological characters in planthoppers: the internal mouthpart structures and test in the Cixiidae model (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) Jolanta Brozek_ • Thierry Bourgoin Received: 28 January 2013 / Revised: 28 April 2013 / Accepted: 4 May 2013 / Published online: 23 May 2013 Ó The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Internal morphological structures of Cixiidae Introduction mouthparts are described and compared in various repre- sentatives of the Cixiidae and several other representatives The Hemiptera are characterised by a deep modification of of hemipterans. The morphological study shows that the their buccal apparatus into a rostrum consisting of the mouthpart structures have not evolved uniformly and labium guiding two pairs of respective mandibular and reveals the great disparity of these structures. Particularly, maxillar stylets allowing their penetration into feedings the connecting system of the mouthparts, localisation of tissues. For mechanical efficiency, these stylets are mor- salivary canal and shape of the mandibular and maxillar phologically more or less strongly coapted through inter- stylets provide together a new set of 17 new characters.
    [Show full text]
  • Mustela Erminea And) and Managementred Deer ( Cervus Elaphus ) Off Islands in Fiordland
    Edge, K-A.; D. Crouchley, P. McMurtrie, M.J. Willans,Island and A. Byrom.invasives: Eradicating eradicationstoats ( Mustela erminea and) and managementred deer ( Cervus elaphus ) off islands in Fiordland Eradicating stoats (Mustela erminea) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) off islands in Fiordland K-A. Edge 1, D. Crouchley 1, P. McMurtrie 1, M.J. Willans 2, and A. Byrom 3 1Department of Conservation, Te Anau Area Offi ce, PO Box 29, Lakefront Drive, Te Anau 9640, New Zealand. <[email protected]>. 2The Wilderness, RD Te Anau-Mossburn Highway, Te Anau, NZ. 3Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, PO Box 40, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand. Abstract In 2004, the New Zealand Government allocated NZ$7.1M to eradicate stoats ( Mustela erminea ) and red deer (Cervus elaphus ) from Fiordland’s two largest islands: Secretary Island (8100 ha) and Resolution Island (21,000 ha), in SW New Zealand. Both islands are rugged and within the swimming range of stoats and deer from the mainland. Here we apply the six strategic rules for achieving eradication to the Secretary and Resolution islands programme and use these rules as means of assessing progress fi ve years into the campaign. For these programmes ‘eradication’ has been defi ned as the complete removal of the stoat and deer populations, and the establishment of long-term control to manage reinvasion. While the original eradication objectives are yet to be achieved, the planned conservation outcomes are on track; several threatened species of birds have been successfully reintroduced and the regeneration of palatable plants is apparent. The conservation importance of large islands such as Secretary and Resolution in terms of New Zealand’s commitments to international biodiversity conventions and restoration goals cannot be overstated.
    [Show full text]
  • PAPERS PRESENTED DURING 1922. the Fourth Volume
    205 PAPERS PRESENTED DURING 1922. On the Classification of the Fulgoroidea (Homoptera). BY F, MUIR. (Presented at the meeting of April 6, 1922.) Introduction. Stal has been justly styled the Father of Hemipterology, and the fourth volume of his Hemiptera Africana (1866) is still the foundation of the classification of Homoptera. Although the number of genera has increased greatly since then, yet the char acters he employed in his classification of the fulgorids hold good for most cases today. The trouble has been that workers have disregarded his characters and placed genera in families where they should not be, and so they have broken down the family characters. A contemporary of Stal's, F. X. Fieber, also laid us under a deep debt by his work. Although he based his work mainly on European species, it holds good today. In many ways he was more modern than Stal, especially in his specific work. His recognition of the value of the male genitalia for specific dis tinction placed the Delphacidae of Europe in a condition that no other method could have done. If we follow his lead and extend his work it will be to the advantage of Homopterology. Another worker to whom we owe a debt of gratitude for the elucidation of the relationship of the families of Auchenorhyn- chous Homoptera is H. J. Hansen. His work1 has shown the morphological distinctions between the different groups and has placed these divisions on a safe foundation. That I do not agree with him, in regarding the fulgorids as consisting of a single family, in no way implies that I do not appreciate or recognize his good work.
    [Show full text]
  • Fiordland National Park Management Plan
    Fiordland National Park Management Plan JUNE 2007 Fiordland National Park Management Plan JUNE 2007 Southland Conservancy Conservation Management Planning Series Published by Department of Conservation PO Box 743 Invercargill New Zealand © Copyright New Zealand Department of Conservation ISBN 978-0-478-14278-5 (hardcopy) ISBN 978-0-478-14279-2 (web PDF) ISBN 978-0-478-14280-8 (CD PDF) TAUPARA MÖ ATAWHENUA Tü wätea te Waka o Aoraki Tü te ngahere a Täne Ngä wai keri a Tü Te Rakiwhänoa Rere mai rere atu ngä wai a Tangaroa Honoa wai o maunga Ki te Moana a Tawhaki Papaki tü Ki te Moana Täpokapoka a Tawaki Ka tü te mana Te ihi Te wehi Te tapu O Käi Tahu, Käti Mamoe, Waitaha Whano ! Whano ! Haramai te toki Haumi e, Hui e Täiki e ! The waka of Aoraki lay barren The Täne created the forests Tü Te Rakiwhänoa sculpted the fiords allowing the sea to flow in and out and mix with the rivers that flow from the mountains to the seas of the west the waves of which clash with those of the great Southern Ocean The prestige endures The strength endures The awesomeness endures The sacredness endures Of Käi Tahu, Käti Mamoe, Waitaha It’s alive ! It’s alive ! Bring on the toki Gather Bind All is set 3 4 HOW TO USE THIS PLAN It is anticipated that this plan will have two main uses. Firstly, as an information resource and secondly, as a guide for Fiordland National Park managers, commercial operators and the public when considering the future uses of Fiordland National Park.
    [Show full text]
  • Acquired Natural Enemies of Oxyops Vitiosa 1
    Christensen et al.: Acquired Natural Enemies of Oxyops vitiosa 1 ACQUIRED NATURAL ENEMIES OF THE WEED BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OXYOPS VITIOSA (COLEPOTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) ROBIN M. CHRISTENSEN, PAUL D. PRATT, SHERYL L. COSTELLO, MIN B. RAYAMAJHI AND TED D. CENTER USDA/ARS, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, 3225 College Ave., Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314 ABSTRACT The Australian curculionid Oxyops vitiosa Pascoe was introduced into Florida in 1997 as a biological control agent of the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake. Pop- ulations of the weevil increased rapidly and became widely distributed throughout much of the invasive tree’s adventive distribution. In this study we ask if O. vitiosa has acquired nat- ural enemies in Florida, how these enemies circumvent the protective terpenoid laden exu- dates on larvae, and what influence 1 of the most common natural enemies has on O. vitiosa population densities? Surveys of O. vitiosa populations and rearing of field-collected individ- uals resulted in no instances of parasitoids or pathogens exploiting weevil eggs or larvae. In contrast, 44 species of predatory arthropods were commonly associated (>5 individuals when pooled across all sites and sample dates) with O. vitiosa. Eleven predatory species were ob- served feeding on O. vitiosa during timed surveys, including 6 pentatomid species, 2 formi- cids and 3 arachnids. Species with mandibulate or chelicerate mouthparts fed on adult stages whereas pentatomids, with haustellate beaks, pierced larval exoskeletons thereby by- passing the protective larval coating. Observations of predation were rare, with only 8% of timed surveys resulting in 1 or more instances of attack. Feeding by the pentatomid Podisus mucronatus Uhler accounted for 76% of all recorded predation events.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecta: Hemiptera)
    Zoomorphology DOI 10.1007/s00435-012-0174-z ORIGINAL PAPER Morphology and distribution of the external labial sensilla in Fulgoromorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera) Jolanta Brozek_ • Thierry Bourgoin Received: 24 May 2012 / Revised: 24 August 2012 / Accepted: 30 August 2012 Ó The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The present paper describes the sensory struc- sensilla in some other Hemiptera. This represents a more tures on the apical segment of the labium in fifteen ful- recently evolved function for the planthopper labium. goromorphan families (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha), using Finally, further lines of study are suggested for future work the scanning electron microscope. Thirteen morphologi- on the phylogeny of the group based on the studied cally distinct types of sensilla are identified: five types of characters. multiporous sensilla, four types of uniporous sensilla and four types of nonporous sensilla. Three subapical sensory Keywords Fulgoromorpha Á Apex labium Á Labial organ types are also recognized, formed from one to sev- sensilla distribution Á Phylogeny Á Gustatory function Á eral sensilla, each characteristic of a family group. Sensilla Exaptation chaetica (mechanoreceptive sensilla) fall into three cate- gories dependent on length and are numerous and evenly distributed on the surface of the labium except where they Introduction occur on specialized sensory fields. The planthopper mor- phological ground plan is represented by two apical pair of Insect sensilla consist of an exocuticular outer structure by sensory fields (dorsal and ventral) on which 11 dorsal pairs or through which stimuli are conveyed to one or more of sensilla (10 peg-like pairs ? 1 specialized pair dome or sensory cell processes within the sensilla.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies in Hemiptera in Honour of Pavel Lauterer and Jaroslav L. Stehlík
    Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae Special issue, 98(2) Studies in Hemiptera in honour of Pavel Lauterer and Jaroslav L. Stehlík PETR KMENT, IGOR MALENOVSKÝ & JIØÍ KOLIBÁÈ (Eds.) ISSN 1211-8788 Moravian Museum, Brno 2013 RNDr. Pavel Lauterer (*1933) was RNDr. Jaroslav L. Stehlík, CSc. (*1923) born in Brno, to a family closely inter- was born in Jihlava. Ever since his ested in natural history. He soon deve- grammar school studies in Brno and loped a passion for nature, and parti- Tøebíè, he has been interested in ento- cularly for insects. He studied biology mology, particularly the true bugs at the Faculty of Science at Masaryk (Heteroptera). He graduated from the University, Brno, going on to work bri- Faculty of Science at Masaryk Univers- efly as an entomologist and parasitolo- ity, Brno in 1950 and defended his gist at the Hygienico-epidemiological CSc. (Ph.D.) thesis at the Institute of Station in Olomouc. From 1962 until Entomology of the Czechoslovak his retirement in 2002, he was Scienti- Academy of Sciences in Prague in fic Associate and Curator at the 1968. Since 1945 he has been profes- Department of Entomology in the sionally associated with the Moravian Moravian Museum, Brno, and still Museum, Brno and was Head of the continues his work there as a retired Department of Entomology there from research associate. Most of his profes- 1948 until his retirement in 1990. sional career has been devoted to the During this time, the insect collections study of psyllids, leafhoppers, plant- flourished and the journal Acta Musei hoppers and their natural enemies.
    [Show full text]