DOCSLIB.ORG

For Logs, for Traditional Purposes and for Food: Identification Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
For Logs, for Traditional Purposes and for Food: Identification Of Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE 12-2013 For Logs, For Traditional Purposes and For Food: Identification of Multiple-Use Plant Species of Northern Amazonia and an Assessment of Factors Associated with Their Distribution Anthony Ravindra Cummings Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons, and the Geography Commons Recommended Citation Cummings, Anthony Ravindra, "For Logs, For Traditional Purposes and For Food: Identification of Multiple- Use Plant Species of Northern Amazonia and an Assessment of Factors Associated with Their Distribution" (2013). Dissertations - ALL. 17. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/17 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the multiplicity of uses associated with tree and palm species of the Rupununi, Southern Guyana and the factors associated with their distribution. As tropical forests continue to decline the most significant response has been to understand the implications for the carbon cycle, with the impacts on forest dwelling peoples and wildlife, inadequately addressed. Multiple-use plants, individual species which at their most critical level provide food for wildlife, non-timber forest products and are commercially logged, provide a suitable lens for appreciating additional ecosystem services that may be compromised as tropical forests decline. I completed a plant inventory in the Rupununi and drew on the traditional knowledge of Amerindians to define multiple-use plants, describe their multiplicity of uses, describe vegetation types and assess multiple-use species distribution relative to land tenure classes and herbivores. I found four classes of multiple-use plants: wildlife food and commercial timber; commercial timber and traditional uses; wildlife food and traditional uses; and, wildlife food, commercial timber and traditional uses, each representing a unique dimension of ecosystem services such plants provide. A map created with descriptions of vegetation from Amerindian hunters showed that multiple-use plants are distributed in forest types that are critical for Amerindian livelihood activities. Further, as policies towards the extraction or protection of plant species are dictated by land tenure holdings, my assessments showed that strategies aimed at sustaining ecosystem services provided by multiple-use plants must consider the ideals for resource management within tenure classes. As expected, the distribution of a key disperser of multiple-use plants fruits and seeds - spider monkeys (Ateles paniscus), was closely related to the distribution of their food sources. My results show that land-use change impacting multiple-use plants will have implications for wildlife, and as a consequence traditional activities of forest dwelling peoples. FOR LOGS, FOR TRADITIONAL PURPOSES AND FOR FOOD: IDENTIFICATION OF MULTIPLE-USE PLANT SPECIES OF NORTHERN AMAZONIA AND AN ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR DISTRIBUTION by Anthony R. Cummings B.Sc. University of Guyana, 1999 M.Sc. University of the West Indies, 2002 M.Phil. University of Cambridge, 2003 DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geography in the Graduate School of Syracuse University December 2013 Copyright © Anthony Ravindra Cummings 2013 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to a number of people who made this study possible. In the Rupununi, I am grateful for the support of Persaud, Danford, Carro, Ricky and Seigmond Moses, for welcoming me to their villages and homes, and freely sharing their knowledge of their forests with me. Sydney, Bryan, Bradford, Jackie, Fred and Madonna Allicock have always supported my work in the Rupununi and they were no different during data collection for this research. Mike Williams, Emily Allicock and Ivor Marslow at the North Rupununi District Development Board and the Bina Hill Institute provided critical support in the field. Across the Rupununi as I travelled from one village to another, I was welcomed and supported by persons too numerous to mention. I am particularly grateful to Allan Harley and Fred Atkinson and their families in Werimoor. Duane and Sandy DeFreitas’ home at Dadanawa was the source of many welcomed meals and stimulating conversations. In Lethem, special thanks to Ketlen Williams and Orin Grimmond for their assistance. Roxroy Bollers, Raquel Thomas and Ken Rodney at Iwokrama International Center for Rainforest Conservation and Development, and David Singh and Curtis Bernard at Conservation International provided logistical support and data at various stages. Naseem Nasir at the Guyana Lands and Surveys Commission and Donald Singh at the Guyana Geology and Mines Commission provided data, offered encouragement and clarity on land-use and gold mining matters in Guyana. Damian Fernandes and his team at the Environmental Protection Agency (Guyana) gave permission for this research and multiple other non-research related queries. At Syracuse University, the support and guidance of my advisor was unwavering. Even in moments when I may have given up on me (and there were many) Professor Jane Read kept a steady hand in guiding me through this process. The words to express my gratefulness are iv beyond me. My committee members, Professors Jake Bendix and Peng Gao stood by me through some very difficult moments. I will always be grateful. During my tenure at Syracuse University Steve Stehman became a mentor and supporter, while James Gibbs and Susan Millar were most supportive of my work. I am grateful for the friendship and mentorship of John Western. Don Mitchell took time away from his work to talk to me about landscapes and landscape politics at a critical stage in the development of this dissertation. In the Geography Department, everyone was supportive and allowed me to develop wonderful memories. Chris, Jackie, and Janet, and later Margie, provided the orientation for navigating my new surroundings, and get my work completed. I will always be grateful for the friendship and support of Lucy, Joaquin, Elvin, Tina, Effie, Kate, Katie, Elaine, Barbara, Kafui, Jonnell, Renee, Bethany, Pat, Anna and John. Special thanks to Manny for taking care of my office and his multiple questions that helped to keep my ideas simple and ensure I could explain my work to anyone. Brian, Mike and the ICT team always promptly responded to my computer-related requests – I am deeply appreciative of their help over the years. At Project Fauna, in addition to funding my research, Joe Fragoso, Kirsten Silvius, Han Overman, Jeff Luzar and Flamarrion provided an environment that allowed me to develop my work. Joe ensured I had the resources to get my research completed, while Han and Jeff were wonderful companions in Lethem and listened to and critiqued my ideas during data collection. My friends and extended family at Mount Carmel Seventh-day Adventist church in Syracuse gave my family and I support and love beyond our expectations and a view of life beyond the University. Daryl Banks, Bernice Wagner, Rohan Simpson, Wilfried Houtman and William v Mitchell offered encouragement and more. Andrew Fagon and Kezia Page shared generously with my family throughout this journey. Jack and Cindy Forsythe not only opened their home at Pulaski on many Sundays, but became my ‘foster parents’ and helped to navigate some tricky periods. I am grateful to my family, both immediate and extended, for stepping in at critical times and allowing me to keep my sanity. My aunts Roslyn, Didi, Tara and Marion, Uncles Gene, Suresh, Paul and Oliver, Cousins Terry and Rose helped in important ways and allowed me to fully appreciate the meaning of family. My brother Garvin and sister Faye supported me in ways too numerous to mention. My mom, Shako, loved and supported me even over the great distance that separated us, and more tangibly allowed me the freedom of responsibility from matters in Guyana. I shall always be indebted to my wife Rose, for the unselfish contributions she has made to every aspect of this very long journey. And then there is Aria, my daughter, and the changes that she brought to my life, above and most important of all, joy, hope and a reason to ask some of the questions this dissertation addresses. Aria’s arrival put a completely different perspective on my observations from the field, renewing my desire to understand the struggles of the people I had the great fortune of working with must endure for their own children. And finally, Lincoln Osborne, my stepdad, who passed away in December 2012 before I could get to the end of this journey. His support and love over the years allowed me to develop into what I am today. He would have been proud and I will remain grateful. vi DEDICATION To Aria Rose, Rosemary and Shako; and the People of the Rupununi. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements iv Dedication vii List of Tables ix List of Figures xi Chapter One: Introduction 1 Chapter Two: Multiple-Use Plant Species of the Northern Amazon: 21 Identification, uses, abundance and population structure Chapter Three: Utilizing Amerindian Hunters’ Descriptions of Vegetation 100 to Guide the Production of a Vegetation Cover Map Chapter Four: Implications of Forest Types and Land Tenure for the 139 Sustainable Management of Multiple-Use Tree Species in Northern Amazonia Chapter Five: Assessing the Factors Influencing the Distribution and Presence 195 Of Herbivores Key to the Life Cycle Stages of Northern Amazonia’s Multiple-Use Plant Species Chapter Six: Conclusions and Future Research 229 Vita 237 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Study site characteristics and the number of plants sampled at each site. 44 Table 2.2: Distribution of trees into the eight resource-use classes, the percentage 48 of the sample in each class and the rank each class occupied in the overall sample.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SURINAME: COUNTRY REPORT to the FAO INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE on PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (Leipzig,1996)
    S U R I N A M E c o u n t r y r e p o r t 1 SURINAME: COUNTRY REPORT TO THE FAO INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (Leipzig,1996) Prepared by: Ministry of Agriculture Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Paramaribo, May 31 1995 S U R I N A M E c o u n t r y r e p o r t 2 Note by FAO This Country Report has been prepared by the national authorities in the context of the preparatory process for the FAO International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources, Leipzig, Germany, 17-23 June 1996. The Report is being made available by FAO as requested by the International Technical Conference. However, the report is solely the responsibility of the national authorities. The information in this report has not been verified by FAO, and the opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views or policy of FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of the material and maps in this document do not imply the expression of any option whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. S U R I N A M E c o u n t r y r e p o r t 3 Table of contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCION TO SURINAME AND ITS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 5 1.1 GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION 5 1.2 CLIMATE AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL LAND-DIVISION 6 1.2.1 Agriculture 7 CHAPTER 2 INDIGENOUS PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES 9 2.1 FORESTRY GENETIC RESOURCES 9 2.2 AGRICULTURAL PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES 10 2.2.1 Ananas
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Index of Common Names: Supplement to Tropical Timbers of the World (AH 607)
    Complete Index of Common Names: Supplement to Tropical Timbers of the World (AH 607) by Nancy Ross Preface Since it was published in 1984, Tropical Timbers of the World has proven to be an extremely valuable reference to the properties and uses of tropical woods. It has been particularly valuable for the selection of species for specific products and as a reference for properties information that is important to effective pro- cessing and utilization of several hundred of the most commercially important tropical wood timbers. If a user of the book has only a common or trade name for a species and wishes to know its properties, the user must use the index of common names beginning on page 451. However, most tropical timbers have numerous common or trade names, depending upon the major region or local area of growth; furthermore, different species may be know by the same common name. Herein lies a minor weakness in Tropical Timbers of the World. The index generally contains only the one or two most frequently used common or trade names. If the common name known to the user is not one of those listed in the index, finding the species in the text is impossible other than by searching the book page by page. This process is too laborious to be practical because some species have 20 or more common names. This supplement provides a complete index of common or trade names. This index will prevent a user from erroneously concluding that the book does not contain a specific species because the common name known to the user does not happen to be in the existing index.
    [Show full text]
  • Oenocarpus Bataua Mart.): a Palm from the Amazon
    International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 31(6): 1-7, 2019; Article no.IJPSS.54389 ISSN: 2320-7035 Mineralogical Composition and Bioactive Molecules in the Pulp and Seed of Patauá (Oenocarpus bataua Mart.): A Palm from the Amazon S. A. M. Saravia1*, I. F. Montero2, B. M. Linhares3, R. A. Santos4 and J. A. F. Marcia5 1Faculty of Earth Sciences and Conservation, National University of Agriculture, Highway to Dulce Nombre de Culmi, Km 215, Neighborhood El Espino, Catacamas-Olancho, Honduras. 2Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Polytechnic School, University of Extremadura, University Avenue s/n, Cáceres, Spain. 3Federal Institute of Roraima, Campus Boa Vista, Av. Glaycon de Paiva, 2496 - Pricumã, Boa Vista - RR, 69303-340, Brazil. 4Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University, USA. 5Faculty of Technological Sciences, National University of Agriculture, Highway to Dulce Nombre de Culmi, Km 215, Neighborhood El Espino, Catacamas-Olancho, Honduras. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Author SAMS contributed to the analysis, literature review and formatting of the article. Author IFM contributed to the supervision of the analysis, writing of the article and review of language and style. Author BML contributed to the collection of the material, sample preparation and analysis. Authors RAS and JAFM contributed to the review, editing of the article, the verification, validation of the methods and analysis being used in the experiments. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/IJPSS/2019/v31i630228 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Olanrewaju Folusho Olotuah, Professor, Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Template for the Development of ISO and ISO/IEC Documents
    US ISO 4125 UGANDA STANDARD First Edition 2009-mm-dd Dry fruits and dried fruits — Definitions and nomenclature Reference number US ISO 4125:1991 © UNBS 2009 US ISO 4125:1991 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application © UNBS 2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior written permission from UNBS. Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to The Executive Director Uganda National Bureau of Standards P.O. Box 6329 Kampala Uganda Tel: 256 41 505 995 Fax: 256 41 286 123 E-mail: [email protected] © UNBS 2009 – All rights reserved US ISO 4125:1991 National foreword Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Tourism, Trade and Industry established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda. UNBS is mandated to co-ordinate the elaboration of standards and is (a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and (b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and (c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT/SPS Agreements of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of representatives of consumers, traders, academicians, manufacturers, government and other stakeholders.
    [Show full text]
  • 253T20120023.Pdf (5.252Mb)
    UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN ANTONIO ABAD DEL CUSCO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES Y MEDIO AMBIENTE CARRERA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA FORESTAL TÍTULO COMPOSICIÓN Y ESTRUCTURA DE LA FAMILIA APOCYNACEAE Y MELASTOMATACEA EN EL CENTRO DE CAPACITACIÓN SAN ANTONIO Y FUNDO PRIMAVERA FCFMA-UNSAAC . TESIS PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO DE INGENIERO FORESTAL Presentado por : Bach. For. Julissa Rivera Balarezo Bach. For. Vivian Milusca Lara Escobar Asesor : M. Se. Blgo. Benedicto Baca Rosado "TESIS AUSPICIADA POR EL CONSEJO DE INVESTIGACIÓN - UNSAAC" PUERTO MALDONADO- MADRE DE DIOS 2012 PRESENTACIÓN. En la región Madre de Dios, es necesario seguir analizando los procesos de .cambios climáticos provenientes de la explotación de los recursos mineros, los recursos forestales, recurso castaña, etc.; Estos presentan un cambio a nivel socio - económico y ambiental en la región. Las perturbaciones naturales y los cambios climáticos se adicionan a los factores ambientales cambiantes provocando el dinamismo en la estructura y composición de los bosques; ésta es una razón para la realización del estudio de familia Apocynaceae y 'Melastomataceae en áreas pertenecientes a la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco. La ciencia y la investigación tienen un compromiso en cuestionar y buscar alternativas para una estabilidad ambiental, viabilidad económica y una respuesta social hacia las nuevas condiciones ambientales~ Por otro lado la composición florística en ambas áreas de estudio está determinada por los factores ambientales como posición geográfica, clima, suelos, topografía, dinámica del bosque y la ecología de sus especies. Una de las características más relevantes de los bosques tropicales húmedos en general es su alta diversidad de especies vegetales, tanto arbóreas, arbustivos y hierbas.
    [Show full text]
  • Endangered Species
    Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Endangered species From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page Contents For other uses, see Endangered species (disambiguation). Featured content "Endangered" redirects here. For other uses, see Endangered (disambiguation). Current events An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as likely to become Random article Conservation status extinct . Endangered (EN), as categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Donate to Wikipedia by IUCN Red List category Wikipedia store Nature (IUCN) Red List, is the second most severe conservation status for wild populations in the IUCN's schema after Critically Endangered (CR). Interaction In 2012, the IUCN Red List featured 3079 animal and 2655 plant species as endangered (EN) Help worldwide.[1] The figures for 1998 were, respectively, 1102 and 1197. About Wikipedia Community portal Many nations have laws that protect conservation-reliant species: for example, forbidding Recent changes hunting , restricting land development or creating preserves. Population numbers, trends and Contact page species' conservation status can be found in the lists of organisms by population. Tools Extinct Contents [hide] What links here Extinct (EX) (list) 1 Conservation status Related changes Extinct in the Wild (EW) (list) 2 IUCN Red List Upload file [7] Threatened Special pages 2.1 Criteria for 'Endangered (EN)' Critically Endangered (CR) (list) Permanent link 3 Endangered species in the United
    [Show full text]
  • DE Aspidosperma Excelsum Benth (APOCYNACEAE)
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAUDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS ABORDAGEM FITOQUÍMICA, DETERMINAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIPLASMÓDICA IN VITRO E AVALIAÇÃO PRELIMINAR DA TOXICIDADE DO EXTRATO HIDROETANÓLICO DAS CASCAS DE Aspidosperma excelsum Benth (APOCYNACEAE) Luis Fábio dos Santos Gomes BELÉM - PA 2011 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAUDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS ABORDAGEM FITOQUÍMICA, DETERMINAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIPLASMÓDICA IN VITRO E AVALIAÇÃO PRELIMINAR DA TOXICIDADE DO EXTRATO HIDROETANÓLICO DAS CASCAS DE Aspidosperma excelsum Benth (APOCYNACEAE) Autor: Luis Fábio dos Santos Gomes Orientador: Prof. Dr. Flávio de Vasconcelos Co-Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Maria Fani Dolabela Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Pará para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas Área de concentração: Fármacos e Medicamentos BELÉM - PA 2011 III Dados Internacionais de Catalogação-na-Publicação (CIP) Biblioteca do Instituto de Ciências da Saúde – UFPA Gomes, Luís Fábio dos Santos. Abordagem Fitoquímica, determinação da atividade antiplasmódica in vitro e avaliação preliminar da toxicidade do extrato hidroetanólico das cascas de Aspidosperma excelsum Benth (apocynaceae) / Luís Fábio dos Santos Gomes ; orientador, Flábio de Vasconcelos, co-orientador, Maria Fani Dolabella. — 2011 Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade Farmácia,
    [Show full text]
  • Seeds and Plants
    r. i. -20. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. SECTION OF SKKI) AND PLANT INTRODUCTION. INVENTORY NO. 8. SEEDS AND PLANTS, IMI'ORTED FOR DISTRIBUTION IN COOPERATION WITH THE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. NUMBE11S 3401-4350. 10183—00 1 INVENTORY OF FOREIGN SEEDS AND PLANTS. INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT. This inventory or catalogue of seeds and plants includes a number of exceptionally valuable items collected by the Agricultural Explorers of the Section of Seed and Plant Introduction. There is an interest- ing and valuable series of economic plants of the most varied uses procured by the Hon. Harbour Lathrop, of Chicago, assisted by Mr. David G. Fairchild. Mr. W. T. Swingle has continued his work in Algeria, Sicily, and Turkey, and this list contains many of his impor- tations. There are also a number of donations from various sources, and a few seeds purchased directly from the growers. The following importations represent perhaps the most valuable of the many interesting novelties here described: Mr. Swingle's col- lection of improved varieties of the date palm, procured in Algeria; a collection of spineless cacti from the Argentine Republic secured by Messrs. Lathrop and Fairchild, which may become valuable forage plants in the arid Southwest; genge clover, a leguminous forage crop and green manure which is grown in the rice fields of Japan as a winter soil cover and fertilizer; a collection of broad beans from England, this vegetable being practically unknown in the United States, although extensively used in Europe and on the Continent; a new seedless raisin grape from Italy for the raisin growers of California and Arizona; a little sample of wheat from Peru, donated by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavior and Ecology of the White-Footed Tamarin (Saguinus Leucopus) in a Fragmented Landscape of Colombia
    Mongabay.com Open Access Journal - Tropical Conservation Science Vol. 9 (2): 788-808, 2016 Research Article Behavior and ecology of the white-footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus) in a fragmented landscape of Colombia: small bodied primates and seed dispersal in Neotropical forests A. Gabriela de Luna1, 2,*, Yesenia García-Morera1, 3 and Andrés Link1, 4, 5 1Fundación Proyecto Primates 2Departamento de Zoología y Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, España 3Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia 4Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Colombia 5Facultad de Administración, Universidad de los Andes, Colombia *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract Tamarins are small-bodied Neotropical primates that mainly feed on ripe fruits and insects, and supplement their diet with plant exudates, nectar, fungi and vertebrate prey. They are important seed dispersers in Neotropical forests as they are able to disperse a large number of small and me- dium-sized seeds from parental trees. In this paper, we describe the diet of the white-footed tama- rin (Saguinus leucopus) and its role as seed disperser in a fragmented landscape in Colombia. During a twelve month period, we collected data on activity patterns, ranging behavior and feeding ecol- ogy, as well as on habitat-wide forest productivity. S. leucopus fed from >95 plant species and spent 17% of their time feeding. We found a positive relationship between fruit consumption and ripe- fruit availability. Dietary diversity increased during periods of fruit scarcity, when the tamarins fed more on insects and exudates. During periods of fruit scarcity, they relied more heavily on the bor- ders of forest fragments and made occasional incursions into adjacent fragments across a matrix of pastures.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity of Dispersed Seeds Is Highly Variable Among Leks of the T Long-Wattled Umbrellabird
    Acta Oecologica 86 (2018) 31–37 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Acta Oecologica journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actoec Genetic diversity of dispersed seeds is highly variable among leks of the T long-wattled umbrellabird ∗ Kym Ottewella,c, Luke Brownea,b,d, Domingo Cabrerab, Jorge Olivob, Jordan Karubiana,b, a Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, 400 Lindy Boggs Building, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA b Fundación para la Conservación de los Andes Tropicales, Mariano Hurtado N 50-89 y Vicente Herida, Quito, Ecuador c Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, 17 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, Western Australia 6158, Australia d UCLA La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Frugivorous animals frequently generate clumped distributions of seeds away from source trees, but genetic Alpha, beta, delta and gamma diversity consequences of this phenomenon remain poorly resolved. Seed dispersal of the palm Oenocarpus bataua by long- Allelic diversity wattled umbrellabirds Cephalopterus penduliger generates high seed densities in leks (i.e., multi-male display fl Gene ow sites), providing a suitable venue to investigate how dispersal by this frugivore may influence seed source di- Heterozygosity versity and genetic structure at local and landscape levels. We found moderate levels of maternal seed source Central place foraging diversity in primary seed rain across five leks in northwest Ecuador (unweighted mean alpha diversity α = 9.52, Seed dispersal α α – Ecuador weighted mean r = 3.52), with considerable variation among leks ( r range: 1.81 24.55).
    [Show full text]
  • Tbiseries3.Pdf
    b_[^LZE[aâ aL_QLaâ 5â bxâb¶¬²x§o¬Àâ ax¶xÀâ ²¶xÀx§ÅÀâÅxâ¶xÀÊÅÀâ¬|âÀÅÊuxÀâ j§uâ ¶xÀxj¶qâ jqÅÎÅxÀâ¶xjÅxuâŬâÅxâ q¬§Àx¶Îjà Ŭ§âj§uâÑÀxâÊÃÛjŬ§â¬|â¶xÀÅâj§uÀâ § âÅxâ Ê¢uâŶ¬²qÀ#âbxâ Àx¶xÀâq¬§Å§ÊxÀâj§uâ§Åx¶jÅxÀâÅxâ }®¶¢x¶âb¶¬²x§p¬Àâaqx§Åqâj§uâbxq§qjâax¶xÀ#âbxâÀÅÊuxÀâ²ÊoÀxuâ§âÅÀâÀx¶xÀâjÎxâoxx§âqj¶à ¶xuâ ¬ÊÅâÑŧâ Åxâ §Åx¶§jŬ§j âb¶¬²x§o¬ÀⲶ¬¶j¢¢x#â[qqjÀ¬§jÕ âÅÀâÀx¶xÀâ¢jÕⲶxÀx§ÅâÅxâ ¶xÀÊÅÀâ¬|â¬Åx¶âÀÅÊuxÀâÒqâq¬§Å¶oÊÅxâŬâÅxâ¬oxqÅÎxÀâ¬|âÅxâb¶¬²x§o¬ÀⲶ¬¶j¢¢x+â GQ^KDbDâ T\YQZTVQRULâ EQEVQ[bPLLTâKLYâPDDNâ aÅxxxâPj§ÀâÅz¶â ^jÅÅx¶§Àâ §â Ŷ¬´qjâ ¶j§â}®¶xÀÅâ§â NÊÕj§jâ5ĺPj§Àâ Åx¶âaÅxxx#â fjx§§x§?âbxâb¶¬²x§o¬ÀâM¬Ê§ujÞ Å¬§#â Qâčĺ1â  c¶¬²x§o¬ÀâÀx¶xÀâ bxÀÀâ_ÀʧÎx¶ÀÅxÅâdŶxqÅ#â fÅâ¶x ,â fÅâÀÊ¢¢j¶Õâ§â KÊÅq$â QaEZâ=.8125.188â aÊoxqÅâxju§À@âŶ¬²qj â¶j§â}®¶xÀÅÀBâ NÊÕj§jâ5ĺ ²x§¬¬Õ#â Ģĺ 1==5â aÅqçâb¶¬²x§o¬Àâ D â¶ÅÀâ¶xÀx¶Ïxu#âY¬â²j¶Åâ¬|âÅÀâ²ÊoqjŬ§ âj²j¶Å⬢âoo¬¶j²qâujÅjâo ¶x|âµÊ¬ÅjŬ§Àâ§â q¶Åqjâ¶xÎxÒÀâ ¢jÕâoxâ¶x²¶¬uÊqxuâ ¶x¶xq¬¶uxu⬶â²ÊoÀxuâ § âj§Õâ}®¶¢â §qÊu§â²¶§ÅⲬŬà q¬²Õ â¢q¶¬}®¶¦ âxxqŶ¬§q⬶âxxqŶ¬¢j§xÅqâ¶xq¬¶uâÒŬÊÅâÒ¶ÅÅx§â²x¶¢ÀÀ¬§â G¬Îx¶âuxÀ§Aâ Kj¢¬§uâG¬¢¢Ê§qjŬ§â ^¶§ÅxuâoÕ?â exx§¢j§âK¶Êx¶À âihjx§§x§#â G¬Îx¶â²¬Å¬âªÀxÅ@â fjjojâ¶xÀÅⲬŬâoÕâPj§ÀâÅx¶âaÅxxx+â $DD,@6BM26MD@9>2($3M @$26M-9@,BDM26MEH$6$M JƗƗ°L ƗƗƗ/×Ɨ $ƗƗƗƗ °ƗRƗ %Ɨ ĵHĴ_5èįæHIJ5ĹƗ Ɨ0ƗƗ Ɨ ƗƗ LƗ Ɨ ƗH0Ɨ°ƗpL Ɨ ƗWƗƗ ƗHLƗ6íŪLàƗJ*BGG8GƗƗ/0 àƗ Ɨ °Ɨ ƗƗ Ɨ< ƗƗB0Ɨ Ɨ ƗƗƗ ŊƗƗ Ɨ1AƗƗƗ1PƗ ƗƗƗ19;P9Ɨ Ɨ æŶƗýºžƗèýººŢºƗ ƗƗ@&ƗƗ1µƗƗ'L Ɨ ]¶¬¢¬Å{¶>â ]¶¬|#J¶#X S)D"â fy¶y¶â Îy¶n¬¨uy¨âjj¨âvyâMjqÊÅyÅâE¬¬yâÎj¨âwyâ d¨Îy¶ÁÅyÅâdŶyqÅâ byâ¨ÎyÁÅjŬ¨Áâ¶y²¬¶Åyuâ¨â ÅÁâÅyÁÁâÐy¶yâqj¶¶yuâ ¬ÊÅâjÅâÅyâb¶¬²y¨n¬Áâ]¶¬¶j¢¢yâN ÊÖj¨j â 14LâNj¶¨yÅÅÁŶyzÅ
    [Show full text]
  • Highlights Section Reports
    DACS-P-00124 Volume 54, Number 5, September - October 2015 DPI’s Bureau of Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology (the botany section is included in this bureau) produces TRI- OLOGY six times a year, covering two months of activity in each issue. The report includes detection activities from nursery plant inspections, routine and emergency program surveys, and requests for identification of plants and pests from the public. Samples are also occasionally sent from other states or countries for identification or diagnosis. Highlights Following are a few of the notable entries from this Section Reports volume of TRI-OLOGY. These entries are reports of interesting plants or unusual pests, some of Botany 2 which may be problematic. See Section Reports for complete information. Entomology 6 Bactrocera dorsalis, Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, Oriental fruit fly. Based on female Nematology 10 Photograph courtesy of Gary J. Steck, the large number of flies detected in a concentrated DPI area of the Redland Agricultural District in late Plant Pathology 12 August, a quarantine area regulating the movement of oriental fruit fly host plants was established on 4 September 2015. All entities within the quarantine area of 98 square miles that are involved with the production, sale or distribution of oriental fruit fly host material have been placed under a compliance agreement outlining operational procedures and Pseudocercospora artanthes typical program requirements. irregular leaf spots caused by the fungal pathogen on Piper auritum (Vera Cruz Pseudocercospora artanthes (leaf spot) was found pepper). infecting Piper auritum (Vera Cruz pepper) at the Photograph courtesy of Robert M. Leahy, USDA Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens in Duval County.
    [Show full text]