DACS-P-00124 Volume 54, Number 5, September - October 2015 DPI’s Bureau of Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology (the botany section is included in this bureau) produces TRI- OLOGY six times a year, covering two months of activity in each issue. The report includes detection activities from nursery plant inspections, routine and emergency program surveys, and requests for identification of plants and pests from the public. Samples are also occasionally sent from other states or countries for identification or diagnosis. Highlights Following are a few of the notable entries from this Section Reports volume of TRI-OLOGY. These entries are reports of interesting plants or unusual pests, some of Botany 2 which may be problematic. See Section Reports for complete information. Entomology 6 Bactrocera dorsalis, Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, Oriental fruit fly. Based on female Nematology 10 Photograph courtesy of Gary J. Steck, the large number of flies detected in a concentrated DPI area of the Redland Agricultural District in late Plant Pathology 12 August, a quarantine area regulating the movement of oriental fruit fly host plants was established on 4 September 2015. All entities within the quarantine area of 98 square miles that are involved with the production, sale or distribution of oriental fruit fly host material have been placed under a compliance agreement outlining operational procedures and Pseudocercospora artanthes typical program requirements. irregular leaf spots caused by the fungal pathogen on Piper auritum (Vera Cruz Pseudocercospora artanthes (leaf spot) was found pepper). infecting Piper auritum (Vera Cruz pepper) at the Photograph courtesy of Robert M. Leahy, USDA Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens in Duval County. This fungal pathogen flourishes when temperatures are moderate (~76 F) and humidity is high. Bischofia javanica Blume (Javanese bishopwood) is an evergreen tree can reach 18 m in height in Florida, but up to 40 m in natural areas of its native range. This species has escaped from cultivation in Central and South Florida to invade Bischofia javanica (Javanese bishop- Photograph courtesy of Patti J. Anderson, DPI. wood) fruit old fields and disturbed wet sites and is listed as Photograph courtesy of Stephen A. a Category I invasive by Florida Exotic Pest Plant Hildebrandt, DPI How to cite Tri-ology: Council (FLEPPC). Bishopwood was introduced to Dixon, W.N. and P.J. Anderson. (Editors). year. Florida in the early 1900s. Almost four decades ago, Section. Tri-ology Volume(number): page. [date it was included in a list of “pestiferous” ornamentals you accessed site] website address For example: Dixon, W.N. and P.J. Anderson. (Editors). 2012. in South Florida and has continued to be a problem Entomology section. Tri-ology 47(5): 8. [accessed July species, but one that is rarely sold now. 5, 2013] http://www.freshfromflorida.com/content/ download/12542/151552/triology_5101.pdf Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, 1942, the rice white-tip nematode, was detected in foliar tissues Acknowledgements: The editors would like to acknowledge the work of all Flowers and leaves of Zinnia hybrid of the hybrid, annual ornamental, Zinnia elegans those who contributed information and explanations damaged by Aphelenchoides besseyi Jacq. x Z. angustifolia Kunth ‘Profusion’ (Profusion by providing data, photographs or text and by carefully (the rice white-tip nematode) reading early drafts. We also thank Reid Carswell for his Photography courtesy of Jeffrey W. Series zinnia). skillful use of web authoring tools to produce this report. Lotz, DPI. We welcome your suggestions for improvement of TRIOLOGY. Please feel free to contact me or Dr. Patti Anderson with your comments. Dr. Greg Hodges, Editor, Assistant Director, DPI Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services • Adam H. Putnam, Commissioner 1 Botany Section Sample Submissions Compiled by Patti J. Anderson, Ph.D. September Year to This section identifies plants for the Division of Plant Industry, as well as for October date other governmental agencies and private individuals. The Botany Section maintains a reference herbarium with over 12,000 plants and nearly 1,450 Samples 950 5,463 vials of seeds. submitted by other DPI Some of the samples received for identification are discussed below: sections Samples 110 726 Bischofia javanica Blume (Javanese bishopwood), from a genus of two submitted species, native to the Indomalesian region. Phyllanthaceae (formerly included for botanical in Euphorbiaceae). This evergreen tree can reach 18 m in height in Florida, identification but up to 40 m in natural areas of its native range. The bark is reddish to only grayish brown and develops narrow cracks or fissures as the tree ages.The Total 1,060 6,189 alternate leaves are up to 20 cm long, tri-foliate (composed of three leaflets), samples with serrate margins, and have long petioles that are often wine or maroon submitted colored. The plants are dioecious, with staminate (male) and pistillate (female) Specimens 122 441 flowers on separate trees. The individual flowers are small, green or greenish- added to the white, with five sepals and no petals, but the inflorescences are large, dense, herbarium axillary panicles (clusters). Each globose fruit is about 1 cm in diameter, usually brown or reddish when ripe. The infructescence is a large, dense, pendant cluster, attractive to birds that eat the fleshy fruit and disperse the seeds. This species has escaped from cultivation in Central and South Florida to invade old fields and disturbed wet sites and is listed as a Category I invasive by Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC). Bishopwood was introduced to Florida by Egbert N. Reasoner, the owner of Royal Palm Nurseries in Oneco (Manatee County) in the early 1900s. Almost four decades ago, it was included in a list of “pestiferous” ornamentals in South Florida and has continued to be a problem species, but one that is rarely sold now, in part because it is subject to numerous diseases and insect pests, including several leaf spots, scales and sooty mold. In Asia, the tree is cultivated for timber and has been used as a source of brown dye from tannins in the bark and of liquid astringents from pressed leaves. (Miami-Dade County; B2015-642; Ricardo G. Tordi; 15 September 2015 and Miami-Dade County; Rogelio E. (Roger) Blanco; 5 October 2015.) (LaFrankie 2010; Langland et al. 2008; Morton 1976; Morton 1984; http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012543 Bischofia javanica (Javanese bishopwood) flower [accessed 17 November 2015]; http://www.royalpalmnurseries.com/beth_salem/ Photograph courtesy of Dennis Girard, Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants photos.html [accessed 17 November 2015].) Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq. (monkey’s apple, pomme Jacquot), from a genus of about 40 species native primarily to tropical and subtropical Africa, but with several species extending into Asia, the Pacific Islands and Australia. Sapotaceae. This evergreen tree with milky latex can reach 15 m in height. The stem is smooth when young, becoming furrowed on mature specimens. The alternate, leathery leaves are shiny above, obovate to broadly elliptic in shape, with a rounded apex that is often notched. The 1.5-2 cm wide, creamy white flowers may be solitary or in small clusters. The sepals are in two whorls of four. Each of the eight petals is deeply three-lobed. The eight stamens alternate with an equal number of staminodea (sterile stamens). The pendant, subglobose fruit are 3-5 cm wide and are borne on thin pedicels to 6 cm long. The fruit are yellow to orange at maturity, with a tough outer rind and a mealy, sweet tasting, white to pinkish pulp surrounding one to six brown, ellipsoidal seeds with a circular hilum (scar). This species is native to the littoral forests of Madagascar Bischofia javanica (Javanese bishopwood) fruit and the Comoros Islands, where the edible fruit are sometimes sold in local Photograph courtesy of Stephen A. Hildebrandt, DPI markets. This species is widely cultivated as an ornamental and dooryard fruit tree in the tropics and has been reported as naturalized in the Mascarene Islands as well as southeastern Florida (Martin, Palm Beach, Broward and Miami-Dade counties). 2 The plant has been the source of considerable taxonomic confusion. It was introduced to the United States in 1933 (USDA plant introduction number 103520), under the incorrect name Mimusops roxburghiana Wight, and has subsequently been mis-identified as Mimusops commersonii (G. Don) Engl. and Mimusops balata (Aubl.) C.F. Gaertn. Herbarium specimens of the original USDA introduction are consistent with published descriptions of Mimusops coriacea. The misapplication of the name Mimusops balata has added to the confusion, since that binomial was published by three different authors. Mimusops balata sensu Pierre is a synonym of Manilkara bidentata (A. DC.) A. Chev., which has led many to incorrectly assume that our cultivated material in Florida is actually Manilkara bidentata. Mimusops has often been confused with Manilkara, which can be distinguished by its trimerous flowers and linear hilum (Mimusops has four-merous flowers and a circular to oval hilum). (Palm Beach County; B2015-659; Matthew M. Miller; 16 September 2015 and Broward County; B2015-682 and 683; Justin K. Anto; 5 October 2015.) (Aubréville 1974; Gautier et al. 2012; Mabberley 2008; Mimusops coriacea (monkey’s apple) fruit Wunderlin and Hansen 2011; http://www.eddmaps.org/ [accessed November Photograph courtesy of Top Tropicals 16, 2015].) (Marc S. Frank) Plumbago zeylanica L. (doctorbush), from a genus of 24 species from tropical and warm areas. Plumbaginaceae. This perennial is found mainly in coastal counties of the south and central peninsula of Florida. It is native to Arizona, Florida, Texas, Mexico, Central America, South America, Asia, Africa and Pacific Islands, but the species was formerly separated into Old World P. zeylanica and P. scandens in the New World. Now P. scandens is considered a synonym of P.