Barcode of Wildlife Project DNA Barcoding and Endangered

Barcode of Wildlife Project

DNA Barcoding and Endangered Species in Kenya

Phase 1 Progress Report

Beatrice Khayota and Patrick Omondi

5/1/2013

1. Introduction

The DNA Barcoding and Endangered Species in Kenya is part of the Barcode of Wildlife Project, supported by the Google Impact Award. The project aims to demonstrate the value of DNA barcoding in the investigation and prosecution of wildlife crime. Kenya is one of six partner countries in the project. This project will test the cost-effectiveness, scalability, and real-world impact of a DNA-based technology on the enforcement of species protection laws and treaties. The project is designed as a proof-of-concept for ‘DNA barcoding’ as a system that could be used in developing countries by border inspectors, park rangers and other regulatory officials to detect illegal trafficking in protected species. The project will focus on species protected under the UN Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and its enforcement in Kenya. Kenya is an important biodiversity hotspot that has been very active and engaged in barcoding activities.

The project is comprised of three core components: 1) Construction of a public database of reference barcode records for endangered species and their close relatives, against which the barcode sequences of confiscated material can be compared. 2) Training for researchers, technicians, border inspectors, game wardens, prosecuting attorneys and judges in the participating countries. 3) Testing of barcodes as a real-world tool for enforcement through implementation of operational, cost-effective barcoding programs.

2. Barcode of Wildlife Roadmap

2.1 Planning Meeting

A DNA Barcoding and Endangered Species in Kenya planning meeting was held on 18/02/ 13 at the Fairview Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya. The purpose of the meeting was to introduce the Project and discuss fully the strategies and modalities for the implementation of the Project. Participants were drawn from project partner institutions, Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), National Museums of Kenya (NMK) and ICIPE. The Executive Secretary of the Consortium of Barcode of Life, and leader of the Project Dr. David Schindel also attended (Annex 1)

Key resolutions from the meeting were:

• Form a National Project Committee (NPC) with 11 members, five NMK, five KWS, one ICIPE. The committee should identify collaborative institutions that include: ICIPE, Lusaka taskforce, Directorate of Public Prosecutions, ILRI, NEMA, KRA, KEPHIS, Biotech Forensics • Logistics for next 6 months to be outlined. This should include a workplan and how to obtain approvals and develop agreements • A list of target/priority species to be developed • A needs assessment for required infrastructure to be undertaken • An outreach programme be put in place

• Hire a project administrator • Develop a system for payments • Hold a workshop on enforcements • Get a student with journalistic/website development/electronic storytelling development background asigned to the project • A needs assessment on communication/improved bandwidth to be undertaken

2.2 Constitution of the National Project Committee

2.2.1 Members

As a first step in the implementation of the project, a National Project Committee (NPC) was constituted with responsibilities in:

• Prosecution • Investigation • Sample processing • Building a Reference Library • Project Coordination.

The following NPC members were endorsed at a meeting held on 24/04/2013, at the Kenya Wildlife Club House, Nairobi (Annex 2).

1. Patrick Omondi KWS/Co-Chair 2. Dr. Beatrice Khayota NMK/Co-Chair 3. Solomon Kyalo KWS/CITES 4. Moses Yongo Otieno KWS/Forensic Lab 5. Didi Wamukoya KWS/Prosecution and Law Enforcement 6. Ibrahim Lubia KWS/Licensing 7. Dr. Charles Musyoki KWS/Species Science 8. Dr. Itambo Malombe NMK/Botany 9. Dr. Muchai Muchane NMK/Zoology 10. Dr. Hastings Ozwara IPR/NMK/Molecular Genetics 11. Bernard Agwanda NMK/Barcoding 12. Dr. Dan Masiga ICIPE/KenBOL/Barcoding

It was further proposed that Kavaka Mukonyi from KWS, be considered for inclusion/co- option in the NPC, to address issues of Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) and Bio-trade.

Terms of Reference for the NPC were developed (Annex 3)

2.2 Recruitment of project personnel

Terms of Reference for the Project Officer (PO) and IT/Communications Officer (Annex 4 and 5) were developed and endorsed by the NPC. These have since been circulated to potential applicants with a deadline of 17/05/13. The officer is expected to start on 1/6/2013.

2.2 Target and Priority Species

A draft list of target and priority species has been generated by scientists from partner institutions (Annex 6).

The criteria for selection were:

• CITES listed • Frequent in illegal trade • Frequent in Bio-trade • Species of National importance.

2.3 Capacity Assessment

Three NPC meetings are planned and budgeted for, to conclude on the following:

• Prioritise species for library/enforcement • Identify taxonomic /lab resources • Assess training needs for library/academic labs • Assess lab capabilities for academic/forensics labs • Develop Project Implementation framework-ABS/MOU • Develop Strategy for in country processing vs export for academic labs/enforcement activities

2.4 Funds Transfer

It was agreed by consensus that funds be channelled through NMK, using the current IPR/ NMK DUNS Number. Details of the account number will be communicated.

2.4.1 Budget

A draft budget was prepared and submitted to CBOL for consideration on 9/5/13.

Annex 1

Participants Registration List

Planning Meeting for Google Global Impact Award for CITES & DNA Barcoding Fairview Hotel, 18 February 2013

NO. FIRST LAST TITLE/DESIGNATION INSTITUTION EMAIL ADDRESS 1 EMAIL ADDRESS 2 SKYPE ADDRESS OFC TEL # 1 OFC TEL # 2 1 Priscilla Mutungi Research Scientist KWS [email protected] +254 (20) 6000800 2 Elsie Wambui Laboratory Technician KWS [email protected] +254 (20) 6000800 3 Michael Njoroge Veterinary Doctor KWS [email protected] +254 (20) 6000800 4 Muchane Muchai How Zoology/Research NMK [email protected] muchane.muchai +254 0 722286133 379-2161-ext 2336 5 Peris Kamau Senior Researcher KWS [email protected] +254 0 722449312 6 Hastings Ozwara Research Scientist Institute of Primate Research [email protected] +254 0 72148326 0202606235/6 7 Beatrice Khayota Principal Research Scientist NMK [email protected] [email protected] +254 (20) 3742131 0733-780668 8 Patrick Omondi Senior Principal Research Scientist KWS [email protected] +254-722791718 +254 (20) 6000800 9 Ogeto Mwebi Research Scientist NMK [email protected] [email protected] +254 (20) 3742131 +254 0 720544636 10 Jacob Mueti Senior Curator & Research Scientist NMK [email protected] +254-720-144168 11 Solomon Kyalo Senior Research Scientist CITES KWS cites@kws.go.ke [email protected] solomon.kyalo +254-722-722214 12 Dickens Odemy Research Scientist NMK [email protected] dodeny +254 (20) 3742131 +254 0 727758801 13 Bernard Agwanda Research Scientist NMK [email protected] +254 0 722280955 14 Daniel Masiga Research Scientist LCLPE [email protected] danmasiga 15 David Schindel Executive Secretary CBOL/Smithsonian [email protected] [email protected] davideschindel +1-202-633-0812 +1-202-557-1149 16 Didi Wamukoya H-Prosecution KWS [email protected] +254 0 733428620 17 Ibrahim Lubia Licensing KWS [email protected] +254 0 722773053 18 Kavaka Mukony Bioprospecting KWS [email protected] +254 0 722389819

Annex 2

RECORD OF MEETING OF THE NATIONAL PROJECT COMMITTEE OF GOOGLE PROJECT ON WILDLIFE DNA BARCODING FOR ENDANGERED SPECIES HELD AT KWS CLUB HOUSE, NAIROBI NATIONAL PARK ON 24 APRIL 2013

Present,

Patrick Omondi Co-Chair, KWS

Beatrice Khayota Co-Chair, NMK

Solomon Kyalo Member, KWS

Charles Musyoki Member, KWS

Ibrahim Lubia Member, KWS

Kavaka Mukonyi Member, KWS

Daniel Masiga Member, ICIPE

Hastings Ozwara Member, NMK

Ogeto Mwebi Member, NMK

Absent with apologies

Bernard Agwanda Member, NMK

Moses Yongo Member, KWS

Didi Wamukoya Member, KWS

Agenda

1. Introductions/briefs 2. Overview of the Fairview planning meeting 3. Project coordination 4. Constitution of the NPC and their terms of reference 5. Recruitment of project officer ,communication officer and their terms of reference 6. Projects Road map 7. Projects implementation framework (MOU/ABS agreement) 8. Funds Transfer

Item Action Owner 1. Introductions/briefs Patrick Omondi (KWS), Co-Chair welcomed members to the meeting which Patrick Omondi was followed by self introductions. He also explained the purpose of the 9. A.O.B meeting noting the delay and urged members to fast track implementation of the project 2 Dr Khayota (NMK), Co-Chair gave an overview of the Google DNA barcode Dr Khayota Overview of the Fairview for endangered species project. She also briefed members on the action planning meeting points and progress of the planning meeting held at Fairview hotel in February 2013. She noted that the CITES CoP16 meeting in Bangkok slowed the pace of phase 1 and that regardless of the delay, NMK have had series of internal meetings on how to fast track the project. She noted the project covers six countries among them Kenya, where all have to draw from USD 3million common pool funding from Google Plus Award to Smithsonian Institute,USA. Therefore those who move fast will get a bigger share of the funds. Members registered need to demonstrate tangible results that are clear out puts with broad impacts. 3 Project coordination Members noted the need for a proper project coordination and Dr Khayota/Omondi implementation framework for efficient and timely delivery of agreed targets. The NPC members were informed that there has been informal consultation between KWS and NMK on project coordination frameworkon the need to do internal adverts for the project coordinator and outreach/IT staff. NPC members endorsed the position to do an internal advert in both institutions and it was agreed that both NMK/KWS through the Co-Chairs explore the possibilities of either Google DNA Barcode project being housed at either NMK or KWS that should include the housing of the project staff. The NPC members agreed that the project staff will be sourced internally from NMK/ KWS to ensure continuity of the project after the project funding comes to an end. Members recommended Dr Khayota to finalize the TOR for the Project Coordinator and circulate to members and KWS to develop TOR for the outreach/IT expert and share too with NPC before adverisement. It was agreed that project officer were to report to the NPC. And that NPC was an Executive Board managing the google project. Dr Masiga Volunteered to improve on the TOR for project officer 4 Constitution of the Members agreed on 12 member National Project Committee Six from KWS, Omondi/Khayota/ NPC and their terms five from NMK and 1 from ICIPE. It was noted that David the Google DNA NPC of reference project coordinator had recommended 10 but yielded to the proponents request due to their situational dynamics. Names of six from KWs, five from NMK and one from ICIPE were presented. KWS presented one additional nominee, ABS expert for consideration by David. NPC members recommended that Dr. Khayota do a request for the additional member, then official letters of appointment to the committee by respective heads of institutions should be done there after. It was also recommended that the NPC members also nominate members of their technical working groups. TOR for the NPC was reviewed. The following was added/improved • Review and approval projects work-plan and budgets. • Develop guidelines on use of DNA barcode in wildlife enforcement • Develop an outreach program for DNA barcode in wildlife enforcement • Develop projects Monitoring and evaluation tools. It was recommended that the NPC executive arm constitute a secretariat and the Co-Chairs circulate the list of NPC and cleaned TORS.

5 Projects Road map Dr Khayota took NPC members through the project Roadmap, which Khayota/Ozwara indicate coordination and implementation. It was noted that phase 1 may be /NPC coming to an end while Kenya has not yet began tangible implementation regardless of the planning meeting, consultations that have taken place. It was agreed that lead persons in each target activities develop budgets to th be submitted to Ozwara by Monday 29 April and Draft progress report by Wednesday 2nd May for transmission to David. Members were briefed that the project may not purchase capital equipment, however, they may use the wish list provided for fundraising support. It was recommended that Masiga, Ozwara and Moses come up with a list of preferred equipments. For the sake of budgeting it was agreed that coordination be handled by Khayota, Library by Masiga and Risky, Enforcement by Didi, Kyalo, Musyoki and Kavaka, Academics by Ozwara and Forensics by Moses. • Capacity needs. Respective institutions were told to establish their capacity needs. Already NMK had undertaken their capacity needs assessment • Target and priority species It was noted that NMK botany and zoology department had already developed a list of potential species. The meeting was also informed Kyalo, the KWS CITES office and Jacob, NMK were finalizing a list of Kenyan CITES listed species. Members suggested need to establish the threshold number of species and clear category as a guide. Emphasis was on illegally and regularly traded specimen, those under biotrade and CITES listed. It was agreed that these lists were to be summarized and send as part of progress report.

• Progress report for Phase 1. It was recommended that progress report be developed by Khayota and be send to David by Wednesday 2nd June 2013. The progress report to contain the draft species priority list, cluster meetings, Fairview meeting notes, TORS, process of recruitment among others. 6 Projects NPC members noted the need to have a clear project coordination and Mukonyi/Lubia/ implementation implementation framework for effective delivery of projects targets. However Legal office framework (MOU/ the issues were whether to develop with the Project Executants, (David-SI) ABS agreement) an MOU or an agreement or both separately on terms of engagement. It was agreed Mr Mukonyi, Lubia and KWS/NMK Legal offices to explore the issue and also for the Legal officers to provide comments on the provided document on Decision tree for non commercial ABS agreement. It was noted that the project will involve biological material movement which may require approvals as per the National laws. Therefore need for appropriate project framework document and approvals by the government. A budget for this activity was to be developed. 7 Funds Transfer It was agreed that the project funds would be administered at NMK Dr Khayota considering that NMK has already established structure and experience with respect to CBOL project funds management and funds be disbursed as per agreed workplan and budgets. Dr Khayota was to explore possibility of opening the project account at NMK as per the USA projects grants regulations. 8 A.O.B Members noted the need to fast track implementation of the Projects Phase 1 which has delayed.

And there being no more issues for deliberations members requested the next meeting to be after the funding feedback. Thereafter the meeting was adjourned till further communication from the Co-chairs.

Annex 3

GOOGLE DNA BARCODING OF ENDANGERED SPECIES IN KENYA

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES THE NATIONAL PROJECT COMMITTEE (NPC)

Role: The NPC is part of the Project Governance Framework at National level, in charge of developing and reviewing key project blue prints such as the Project Milestones, Master Plan and Work Plans, ToRs, Budget, etc.). The NPC is comprised of a group of high-level stakeholders from NMK, KWS and ICIPE, who support the project and are responsible for providing guidance on the overall strategic direction and implementation.

Authority: The NPC ensures project delivery and provides advice and oversight and have budget authority at National level.

Responsibilities:

* Provide strategic oversight, advice and guidance for the project to maintain project focus and direction, ensuring that the project stays on track, according to defined goals, requirements and deliverables.

* Support the Global Project Manager, National Project Officer, National Project Taskforce Units (NPTUs), and ensure they act in the interests of the project and are accountable for their use of assets.

* Provide leadership in linking to partner institutions, countries and bureaucratic process

* Use influence and authority to assist the project in achieving its outcomes.

* Review and approve project work plans

* Develop Guidelines on use of DNA barcode in Wildlife enforcement

* Develop outreach program for DNA barcode in Wildlife enforcement

* Develop project monitoring and evaluation tools.

* Monitor project progress and review proposed changes to the project that have a high impact on project scope, deliverables, timelines and budget.

* Review final project deliverables.

* Assist with resolving strategic level issues and risks and resolve conflicts.

* Provide advocacy support and be ambassadors for the project.

* Ensure that the project is aligned with and remains relevant to emerging issues and challenges, at national, regional and global perspective.

* Hold regular steering committee meetings (via e/teleconference and annually face-to-face)

* Facilitate monitoring and evaluation of the project

* Report to the project Global secretariat(CBOL in SI)

Annex 4

PROJECT OFFICER VACANCY

Project title: DNA Barcoding and Endangered Species in Kenya

This project will test the cost-effectiveness, scalability, and real-world impact of a DNA- based technology on the enforcement of species protection laws and treaties. The project is designed as a proof-of-concept for ‘DNA barcoding’ as a system that could be used in developing countries by border inspectors, park rangers and other regulatory officials to detect illegal trafficking in protected species. The project will focus on species protected under the UN Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and its enforcement in Kenya. Kenya is an important biodiversity hotspot that has been very active and engaged in barcoding activities.

The principal outcomes of the project will be: 1) Confiscated objects in trade will be tested using DNA barcodes in Kenya to detect illegal trafficking in protected species; 2) Law enforcement officials will be trained to use DNA barcodes as part of the process leading to arrests and prosecution of suspected poachers and illegal traffickers in endangered species; 3) Barcoding labs with trained technicians, networks of officials, and standard operating procedures will be established in which the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of DNA barcoding will be tested as a tool for species protection; 4) DNA barcode data will be used as evidence in judicial proceedings in Kenya 5) The process leading to formal adoption of DNA barcoding as a primary mechanism for enforcing species protection laws will be initiated in Kenya, and 6) Awareness of this proof-of-concept of DNA barcoding in combating illegal poaching and trafficking will be increased within Kenya through organizations such as CITES, Interpol and IUCN and through the media.

Project Officer (1 Position) Job Location: National Museums of Kenya and Kenya Wildlife Service

OVERALL RESPONSIBILITY

Day-to-day management of the Google DNA Barcoding Endangered Species project being implemented by National Museums of Kenya and Kenya Wildlife Service ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

• Coordinate project activities in liaison with the National Project Committee Chair and co-Chair (who are the project PI and Co-PI) • Coordinate engagement with partners, including arranging meetings, and tracking action items through to delivery • Plan project logistics • Track project milestones and assess progress against activities • Develop early warning systems to detect bottlenecks of work – to ensure project meets deliverables • Coordinate community outreach • To formally organize to close the project as it ends and evaluate its success in collaboration with co-ordinators • Participate in capacity building activities such as field visits and meetings with relevant partners and stakeholders; • Contribute to project reporting (progress, technical and financial) • Assist in dissemination of the findings from the studies • Any other duties as assigned by direct supervisor or their designee

REQUIREMENTS FOR POSITION

Qualifications: The ideal candidate should have at least a Bachelors Degree preferably in a biological sciences field and with relevant experience. The candidate should have knowledge and experience in project management. Working experience (over 2 years) in a research environment will be an added advantage.

Experience and Skills: The candidate should possess the following:- • Excellent written and oral communication skills; • High organizational acumen; • Flexibility in an evolving project environment ; • Demonstrated ability to engage in and manage teams and establish and maintain effective relationships with team members ; • Ability to exercise judgement, take decisions and communicate the same diplomatically; • Ability to work independently to meet tight deadlines; • Excellent skills in use of computer software for word-processing, spreadsheet analysis and DNA databases; • Good interpersonal attributes; and • Team player.

If you believe you meet the criteria given, please submit a covering letter stating your remuneration requirements, e-mail and telephone contacts and CV with contact information of three referees, by email to [email protected].

Please address the covering letter and CV to:

The Head, Centre for Biodiversity, National museums of Kenya P.O. Box 40658 NAIROBI.

Your application should reach us on or before 17th May 2013. Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted

National Museums of Kenya and Kenya Wildlife Servive are Equal Opportunity Employers

Female candidates with the requisite qualifications for the job are encouraged to apply

Annex 5

OUTREACH/IT COMMUNICATIONS OFFICER

Project Title: DNA Barcoding and Endangered Species in Kenya

Communication Officer (1 Position) Job Location: National Museums of Kenya and Kenya Wildlife Service

OVERALL RESPONSIBILITY

Management of information for the Google DNA Barcoding of Endangered Species project

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES • To provide overall management of information resulting from the Google DNA Barcoding Endangered Species project. • To design and develop adequate information systems for storage, retrieval and processing of genetic information for the project. • To facilitate the uploading of information resulting from the project onto online DNA databases. • To design and develop integration systems linking the project's systems with collaborating online DNA databases. • To assist in the setting up of software to be used by the project team for sequence analysis tasks. • To ensure that the genetic information committed to the project database is validated and maintained at high integrity. • To develop mechanisms for exporting data from the project database in various standard formats established by genetic databases. • To extend the functionality of the project database system as required by the project team. • To write system documentation and user manuals for guiding the project team in submitting and accessing genetic information resulting from the project.

REQUIREMENTS FOR POSITION

Qualifications: The ideal candidate should have at least a Bachelors Degree preferably in a Computer Science, ICT or information systems-related field and with relevant experience. The candidate should have knowledge and experience in databases and information systems design, analysis and development. Working experience (over 2 years) in a research environment will be an added advantage.

Experience and Skills: The candidate should possess the following:- • Computer programming, database development and web development skills; • Excellent skills in use of computer software for word-processing, spreadsheet analysis and DNA databases; • Excellent written and oral communication skills; • Flexibility in an evolving project environment ; • Ability to work independently to meet tight deadlines; • Good interpersonal attributes; and • Team player.

Please address the covering letter and CV to:

The Head, Centre for Biodiversity, National museums of Kenya P.O. Box 40658-00100 NAIROBI.

Your application should reach us on or before 17th May 2013. Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted

National Museums of Kenya and Kenya Wildlife Service are Equal Opportunity Employers

Female candidates with the requisite qualifications for the job are encouraged to apply

Annex 6

Target/Priority species

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME CITES APP. Category Justification

Perodicticus potto (P. L. S. Müller, 1766)

Galago gallarum Thomas, 1901 Somali Bushbaby; Somali Galago II

Galago senegalensis É. Geoffroy, 1796 Lesser Bushbaby; Lesser Galago II

Galago thomasi Elliot, 1907 Thomas's Dwarf Galago II

Galago zanzibaricus Matschie, 1893 Zanzibar Bushbaby; Zanzibar Galago II

Otolemur crassicaudatus (É. Geoffroy, 1812) Greater Bushbaby; Large-Eared Greater Galago II

Otolemur garnettii (Ogilby, 1838) Garnett's Greater Galago; Small-eared Greater Galago II

Otolemur monteiri (Bartlett, 1863) Silvery Greater Galago II

Cercocebus galeritus Peters, 1879 Tana River Mangabey I

Cercopithecus albogularis (Sykes, 1831) Sykes's Monkey II Priority

Cercopithecus ascanius (Audebert, 1799) Black-cheeked White-nosed Monkey; Redtail Monkey II

Cercopithecus mitis Wolf, 1822 Blue Monkey; Diademed Monkey II

Cercopithecus neglectus Schlegel, 1876 De Brazza's Monkey II

Chlorocebus pygerythrus (F. Cuvier, 1821) Vervet Monkey II Priority

Chlorocebus tantalus (Ogilby, 1841) Tantalus Monkey II

Colobus angolensis P. Sclater, 1860 Angola Pied Colobus II

Colobus guereza Rüppell, 1835 Eastern Black-and-white Colobus; Guereza II

Erythrocebus patas (Schreber, 1775) Patas Monkey II

Lophocebus albigena (Gray, 1850) Grey-cheeked Mangabey; White-cheeked Mangabey II

Papio anubis (Lesson, 1827) Anubis Baboon; Olive Baboon II Priority

Papio cynocephalus (Linnaeus, 1766) Yellow Baboon II Priority

Piliocolobus rufomitratus (Peters, 1879) Tana River Red Colobus I

Manis gigantea Illiger, 1815 Giant Ground Pangolin; Giant Pangolin II Priority illegal trade

Manis temminckii Smuts, 1832 Common Pangolin, Cape Pangolin; Temminck's Ground Pangolin II Priority illegally traded

Manis tricuspis Rafinesque, 1821 Three-cusped Pangolin; Tree Pangolin II Priority illegally traded

Indopacetus pacificus (Longman, 1926) Indo-pacific Beaked Whale; Longman's Beaked Whale II

Kogia breviceps (Blainville, 1838) Pygmy Sperm Whale II Priority

Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758 Sperm Whale; Spermacet Whale I Priority

Delphinus capensis Gray, 1828 Long-beaked Common Dolphin II

Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, 1846 Pacific Pilot Whale; Short-finned Pilot Whale II

Grampus griseus (G. Cuvier, 1812) Grey Dolphin; Risso's Dolphin II

Lagenodelphis hosei Fraser, 1956 Fraser's Dolphin; Sarawak Dolphin II

Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758) Killer Whale; Orca II

Pseudorca crassidens (Owen, 1846) False Killer Whale II

Sousa chinensis (Osbeck, 1765) Indo-pacific Humpbacked Dolphin I

Stenella attenuata (Gray, 1846) Bridled Dolphin; Narrow-snouted Dolphin; Pantropical Spotted Dolphin II

Stenella longirostris (Gray, 1828) Long-beaked Dolphin; Long-snouted Dolphin; Spinner Dolphin II

Steno bredanensis (G. Cuvier in Lesson, 1828) Rough-toothed Dolphin II

Tursiops aduncus (Ehrenberg, 1833) Indian Ocean Bottlenose Dolphin; Long-beaked Bottlenose Dolphin II

Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) Bottlenose Dolphin; Short-beaked Bottlenose Dolphin II

Eubalaena australis (Desmoulins, 1822) Southern Right Whale I Illegal trade, oil

Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 Common Jackal; Golden Jackal III/w

Aonyx capensis (Schinz, 1821) African Clawless Otter; Cape Clawless Otter I

Hydrictis maculicollis (Lichtenstein, 1835) Speckle-throated Otter; Spot-necked Otter; Spotted-necked Otter II

Civettictis civetta (Schreber, 1776) African Civet III/w

Proteles cristata (Sparrman, 1783) Aardwolf II

Acinonyx jubatus (Schreber, 1775) Cheetah; Hunting Leopard I Priority cubs illegally traded

Caracal caracal (Schreber, 1776) African Caracal II

Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777 Wild Cat; Wildcat II

Leptailurus serval (Schreber, 1776) Serval II

Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758) Lion II Priority illegally traded

Panthera pardus (Linnaeus, 1758) Leopard I Priority

Profelis aurata (Temminck, 1827) African Golden Cat II

Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1797) African elephant II Priority illegally traded,ivory

Dugong dugon (P. L. S. Müller, 1776) Dugong I

Equus grevyi Oustalet, 1882 Grevy's Zebra I Priority

Equus burchells Plain Zebra Priority Bushmeat

Ceratotherium simum (Burchell, 1817) White Rhinoceros II Priority illegally traded Ceratotherium simum (Burchell, 1817) ssp. simum (Burchell, 1817) II Priority illegally traded

Diceros bicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) Black rhino I Priority illegally traded

Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758 Hippo II Priority illegally traded (ivory)

Family: GIRAFFIDAE

Giraffa camelopardalis ssp Giraffes Priority Bushmeat

Cephalophus silvicultor (Afzelius, 1815) Yellow-backed Duiker II

Hippotragus niger (Harris, 1838) Sable Antelope II Priority Bushmeat

Philantomba monticola (Thunberg, 1789) Blue Duiker II Priority Bushmeat

Taurotragus oryx Common Eland

Syncerus caffer African Buffalo Priority Bushmeat

Madoqua kirkii, (Gunther 1880) Dik Dik Priority Bushmeat

Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758 Ostrich I Priority farmed for meat

Fregata andrewsi Mathews, 1914 Andrews' Frigatebird; Christmas Frigatebird; Christmas Island Frigatebird I

Balaeniceps rex Gould, 1850 Shoebill; Whale-headed Stork II

Ciconia nigra (Linnaeus, 1758) Black Stork II

Platalea leucorodia Linnaeus, 1758 Spoonbill; White Spoonbill II

Phoeniconaias minor (Geoffroy, 1798) Lesser Flamingo II Priority feathers traded

Phoenicopterus ruber Linnaeus, 1758 Greater Flamingo II Priority feathers traded

Sarkidiornis melanotos (Pennant, 1769) Comb Duck; Knob-billed Goose II

Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758) Osprey II

Accipiter badius (Gmelin, 1788) Little Banded Sparrowhawk; Shikra II

Accipiter brevipes (Severtsov, 1850) Levant Sparrowhawk II

Accipiter melanoleucus Smith, 1830 Black Goshawk; Black Sparrowhawk; Great Sparrowhawk II

Accipiter minullus (Daudin, 1800) African Little Sparrowhawk; Little Sparrowhawk II

Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus, 1758) Eurasian Sparrowhawk; Sparrowhawk II

Accipiter ovampensis Gurney, 1875 Ovambo Sparrowhawk; Ovampo Sparrowhawk II

Accipiter rufiventris Smith, 1830 Rufous-chested Sparrowhawk II

Accipiter tachiro (Daudin, 1800) African Goshawk II

Aquila clanga Pallas, 1811 Greater Spotted Eagle; Spotted Eagle II

Aquila heliaca Savigny, 1809 Eastern Imperial Eagle; Imperial Eagle I

Aquila nipalensis Hodgson, 1833 Steppe Eagle II

Aquila pomarina Brehm, 1831 Lesser Spotted Eagle II

Aquila rapax (Temminck, 1828) Tawny Eagle II

Aquila verreauxii Lesson, 1830 African Black Eagle; Black Eagle; Verreaux's Eagle II

Aviceda cuculoides Swainson, 1837 African Baza; African Cuckoo-Falcon; African Cuckoo-Hawk II

Butastur rufipennis (Sundevall, 1851) Grasshopper Buzzard; Grasshopper Buzzard-Eagle II

Buteo augur (Rüppell, 1836) Augur Buzzard II

Buteo buteo (Linnaeus, 1758) Buzzard; Common Buzzard; Eurasian Buzzard II

Buteo oreophilus Hartert & Neumann, 1914 Forest Buzzard; Mountain Buzzard II

Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar, 1827) Long-legged Buzzard II

Chelictinia riocourii (Vieillot, 1822) African Swallow-tailed Kite; Scissor-tailed Kite II

Circaetus beaudouini Verreaux & Des Murs, 1862 Beaudouin's Snake-Eagle II

Circaetus cinerascens J. W. von Müller, 1851 Banded Snake-Eagle; Smaller Banded Snake-Eagle II

Circaetus cinereus Vieillot, 1818 Brown Harrier-Eagle; Brown Snake-Eagle II

Circaetus fasciolatus Kaup, 1847 Fasciated Snake-Eagle; Southern Banded Snake-Eagle II

Circaetus gallicus (Gmelin, 1788) Short-toed Eagle; Short-toed Snake-Eagle II Black-breasted Harrier-Eagle; Black-breasted Snake-Eagle; Black-chested Snake- Circaetus pectoralis A. Smith, 1829 Eagle II

Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Eurasian Marsh-Harrier; Marsh Harrier; Western Marsh-Harrier II

Circus macrourus (S. G. Gmelin, 1770) Pale Harrier; Pallid Harrier II

Circus pygargus (Linnaeus, 1758) Montagu's Harrier II

Circus ranivorus (Daudin, 1800) African Marsh-Harrier II

Elanus caeruleus (Desfontaines, 1789) Black-shouldered Kite; Black-winged Kite II

Gypaetus barbatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Bearded Vulture; Lammergeier II

Gypohierax angolensis (Gmelin, 1788) Palm-nut Vulture; Vulturine Fish-Eagle II

Gyps africanus Salvadori, 1865 African White-backed Vulture; White-backed Vulture II

Gyps fulvus (Hablizl, 1783) Eurasian Griffon; Eurasian Griffon Vulture; Griffon Vulture II

Gyps rueppellii (Brehm, 1852) Rüppell's Griffon; Rüppell's Griffon Vulture; Rüppell's Vulture II

Haliaeetus vocifer (Daudin, 1800) African Fish-Eagle; River Eagle II

Hieraaetus ayresii Gurney, 1862 Ayres's Eagle; Ayres's Hawk-Eagle II

Hieraaetus spilogaster (Bonaparte, 1850) African Eagle; African Hawk-Eagle II

Hieraaetus wahlbergi (Sundevall, 1850) Wahlberg's Eagle II

Kaupifalco monogrammicus (Temminck, 1824) Lizard Buzzard II

Lophaetus occipitalis (Daudin, 1800) Long-crested Eagle II

Macheiramphus alcinus Westermann, 1851 Bat Hawk; Bat Kite II

Melierax metabates Heuglin, 1861 Dark Chanting-Goshawk II

Melierax poliopterus Cabanis, 1869 Eastern Chanting-Goshawk II

Micronisus gabar (Daudin, 1800) Gabar Goshawk II

Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783) Black Kite; Pariah Kite; Yellow-billed Kite II

Necrosyrtes monachus (Temminck, 1823) Hooded Vulture II

Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus, 1758) Egyptian Vulture II

Pernis apivorus (Linnaeus, 1758) European Honey-buzzard; Honey Buzzard II

Polemaetus bellicosus (Daudin, 1800) Martial Eagle II

Polyboroides typus Smith, 1829 African Gymnogene; African Harrier-Hawk; Gymnogene II

Spizaetus africanus (Cassin, 1865) Cassin's Hawk-Eagle II

Stephanoaetus coronatus (Linnaeus, 1766) African Crowned Eagle; Crowned Eagle; Crowned Hawk-Eagle II

Terathopius ecaudatus (Daudin, 1800) Bateleur; Bateleur Eagle II

Torgos tracheliotus (Forster, 1791) Lappet-faced Vulture; Nubian Vulture II

Trigonoceps occipitalis (Burchell, 1824) White-headed Vulture II

Sagittarius serpentarius (Miller, 1779) Secretarybird II

Falco alopex (Heuglin, 1861) Fox Kestrel II

Falco amurensis Radde, 1863 Amur Falcon; Eastern Red-footed Falcon; Manchurian Red-footed Falcon II

Falco ardosiaceus Vieillot, 1823 Grey Kestrel II

Falco biarmicus Temminck, 1825 Lanner; Lanner Falcon II

Falco cherrug Gray, 1834 Saker; Saker Falcon II Priority illegally traded

Falco chicquera Daudin, 1800 Red-headed Falcon; Red-headed Merlin; Red-necked Falcon II

Falco concolor Temminck, 1825 Sooty Falcon II

Falco cuvierii Smith, 1830 African Hobby II

Falco dickinsoni Sclater, 1864 Dickinson's Kestrel; White-rumped Kestrel II

Falco eleonorae Géné, 1839 Eleonora's Falcon II

Falco fasciinucha Reichenow & Neumann, 1895 Taita Falcon; Teita Falcon II

Falco naumanni Fleischer, 1818 Lesser Kestrel II

Falco pelegrinoides Temminck, 1829 Barbary Falcon I Priority illegally traded

Falco peregrinus Tunstall, 1771 Duck Hawk; Peregrine; Peregrine Falcon I

Falco rupicoloides Smith, 1829 Greater Kestrel; White-eyed Kestrel II

Falco subbuteo Linnaeus, 1758 Eurasian Hobby; Hobby; Northern Hobby II

Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758 Common Kestrel; Eurasian Kestrel; Kestrel II

Falco vespertinus Linnaeus, 1766 Red-footed Falcon; Western Red-footed Falcon II

Polihierax semitorquatus (Smith, 1836) African Pygmy Falcon; Pygmy Falcon II

Anthropoides virgo (Linnaeus, 1758) Demoiselle Crane II

Balearica pavonina (Linnaeus, 1758) Black Crowned-Crane; West African Crowned Crane II Priority illegally traded,chicks

Balearica regulorum (E. T. Bennett, 1834) Grey Crowned-Crane; South African Crowned Crane II Priority illegally traded,chicks

Ardeotis arabs (Linnaeus, 1758) Arabian Bustard II

Ardeotis kori (Burchell, 1822) Kori Bustard II

Eupodotis senegalensis (Vieillot, 1820) Senegal Bustard; White-bellied Bustard; White-bellied Korhaan II

Lissotis hartlaubii (Heuglin, 1863) Hartlaub's Bustard II

Lissotis melanogaster (Rüppell, 1835) Black-bellied Bustard; Black-bellied Korhaan II

Lophotis gindiana (Oustalet, 1881) Buff-crested Bustard II

Neotis denhami (Children, 1826) Denham's Bustard; Stanley Bustard II

Neotis heuglinii (Hartlaub, 1859) Heuglin's Bustard II

Agapornis fischeri Reichenow, 1887 Fischer's Lovebird II Priority illegally traded, kept

Agapornis personatus Reichenow, 1887 Black-masked Lovebird; Masked Lovebird; Yellow-collared Lovebird II Priority illegally traded, kept

Agapornis pullarius (Linnaeus, 1758) Red-faced Lovebird; Red-headed Lovebird II Priority illegally traded, kept

Poicephalus cryptoxanthus (Peters, 1854) Brown-headed Parrot II

Poicephalus gulielmi (Jardine, 1849) Jardine's Parrot; Red-crowned Parrot; Red-fronted Parrot II

Poicephalus meyeri (Cretzschmar, 1827) Brown Parrot; Meyer's Parrot II

Poicephalus rufiventris (Rüppell, 1845) African Orange-bellied Parrot; Red-bellied Parrot II

Psittacus erithacus Linnaeus, 1758 African Grey Parrot II Priority illegally trafficked

Tauraco fischeri (Reichenow, 1878) Fischer's Turaco II Priority illegally trafficked

Tauraco hartlaubi (Fischer & Reichenow, 1884) Hartlaub's Turaco II Priority illegally trafficked

Tauraco leucolophus (Heuglin, 1855) White-crested Turaco II Priority illegally trafficked

Tauraco porphyreolophus (Vigors, 1831) Purple-crested Turaco; Violet-crested Turaco II Priority illegally trafficked

Tauraco schalowi (Reichenow, 1891) Schalow's Turaco II Priority illegally trafficked

Tauraco schuettii (Cabanis, 1879) Black-billed Turaco II Priority illegally trafficked

Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769) Barn Owl; Common Barn-Owl II illegally collected, egg

Tyto capensis (A. Smith, 1834) African Grass-Owl; Grass Owl II illegally collected, egg

Asio capensis (Smith, 1834) African Marsh Owl; Marsh Owl II

Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan, 1763) Short-eared Owl II

Bubo africanus (Temminck, 1821) African Eagle-Owl; Spotted Eagle-Owl II

Bubo capensis A. Smith, 1834 Cape Eagle-Owl; Mackinder's Eagle-Owl; Mountain Eagle-Owl II

Bubo cinerascens Guérin-Méneville, 1843 Greyish Eagle-Owl II

Bubo lacteus (Temminck, 1820) Giant Eagle-Owl; Milky Eagle-Owl; Verreaux's Eagle-Owl II

Glaucidium capense (A. Smith, 1834) African Barred Owlet; Barred Owlet II

Glaucidium perlatum (Vieillot, 1817) Pearl-spotted Owlet II

Glaucidium tephronotum Sharpe, 1875 Red-chested Owlet; Yellow-legged Owlet II

Otus ireneae Ripley, 1966 Morden's Scops-Owl; Sokoke Scops-Owl II

Otus scops (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Scops-Owl; Eurasian Scops-Owl; Scops Owl II

Otus senegalensis (Swainson, 1837) African Scops-Owl II

Ptilopsis granti (Kollibay, 1910) Southern White-faced Owl II

Ptilopsis leucotis (Temminck, 1820) White-faced Scops-Owl II

Scotopelia peli (Bonaparte, 1850) Pel's Fishing-Owl II

Strix woodfordii (A. Smith, 1834) African Wood-Owl; Woodford's Owl II

Kinixys belliana (Gray, 1831) Bell's Hinged Tortoise; Bell's Hinged-backed Tortoise II Priority Frequently traded

Kinixys spekii Gray, 1863 Speke's Hinged Tortoise II Priority Frequently traded

Malacochersus tornieri (Siebenrock, 1903) Pancake Tortoise II Priority illegally traded

Stigmochelys pardalis (Bell, 1828) Leopard tortoise II Priority Frequently traded

Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) Loggerhead turtle I Priority illegally traded, Shells

Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) Green turtle I Priority illegally traded, Shells

Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766) Hawksbill turtle I Priority illegally traded, Shells

Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) Olive Ridley Turtle I Priority illegally traded, Shells

Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761) Leatherback turtle I Priority illegally traded, Shells

Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti, 1768 Nile crocodile II Priority frequently traded, skin

Phelsuma dubia Boettger, 1881 Bright-eyed Day Gecko II Priority

Chamaeleo bitaeniatus Fischer, 1884 Side-striped Chameleon; Montane chameleon II Priority

Chamaeleo dilepis (Leach, 1819) Flap-necked chameleon II Priority Frequently traded

Chamaeleo ellioti (Günther, 1895) Montane Side-striped Chameleon II Priority Frequently traded

Chamaeleo gracilis Hallowell, 1842 Slender chameleon II Priority

Chamaeleo hoehnelii (Steindachner, 1891) Von hohnel's chameleon II Priority Frequently traded

Chamaeleo jacksonii (Boulenger, 1896) Jacksons chameleon II Priority Frequently traded

Chamaeleo laevigatus Gray, 1863 Smooth chameleon II Priority

Chamaeleo marsabitensis Tilbury, 1991 Mt Marsabit chameleon II Priority

Chamaeleo narraioca Necas, Modry & Slapeta, 2003 Mount Kulal Chameleon II Priority

Chamaeleo ntunte Necas, Modry & Slapeta, 2005 Mt Nyiru Chameleon II Priority

Chamaeleo quilensis Bocage, 1866 Bocage's Chameleon II Priority

Chamaeleo rudis (Boulenger, 1906) Coarse Chameleon; Ruwenzori Side-striped Chameleon Priority

Chamaeleo schubotzi (Sternfeld, 1912) Kenya side-stripped chameleon II Priority

Chamaeleo tremperi Necas, 1994 Eldama Ravine Chameleon II Priority

Furcifer oustaleti (Mocquard, 1894) Malagasy Giant Chameleon; Oustalet's Giant Chameleon II Priority

Kinyongia boehmei Lutzmann & Necas, 2002 Böhme's Two-horned Chameleon II Priority Frequently traded

Kinyongia excubitor (Barbour, 1911) Mt Kenya hornless II Priority Frequently traded

Kinyongia tavetana (Steindachner, 1891) Mount Kilimanjaro Two-horned Chameleon II Priority Frequently traded

Kinyongia tenuis (Matschie, 1892) Single Soft-nosed Chameleon; Usambara Soft-horned Chameleon II Frequently traded

Cordylus beraduccii Broadley & Branch, 2002 Maasai Girdled Lizard II

Cordylus tropidosternum (Cope, 1869) East African Spiny-tailed Lizard; Tropical Girdled Lizard II

Varanus albigularis (Daudin, 1802) Rock Monitor; Southern Savanna Monitor II Priority Kept in captivity

Varanus exanthematicus (Bosc, 1792) African Savanna Monitor II Priority Kept in captivity

Varanus niloticus (Linnaeus, 1766) Nile monitor lizard II Priority Kept in captivity

Python natalensis A. Smith, 1833 Southern African Python II Priority Kept in captivity

Python sebae (Gmelin, 1789) African Rock Python II Priority Kept in captivity

Gongylophis colubrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Kenyan Sand Boa II

Rhincodon typus, Whale Shark II illegally traded fins

Aloes II

Aloe secundiflora Aloe Priority illegally traded,gum

Aloe lateritia Aloe Priority illegally traded,gum

Aloe turkanensis Aloe Priority illegally traded,gum

Aloe scabrifolia Aloe Priority illegally traded,gum

Aloe rivae Aloe Priority illegally traded,gum

Encephalartos kisambo Cycads Priority illegally traded, potted

Cyathea manniana

Streptocarpus taitensis

Ansellia africana Orchids Priority Illegally collected

Acampe pachyglossa Illegally collected

Aerangis hologlottis Illegally collected

Aerangis kirkii Illegally collected

Aerangis somalensis Illegally collected

Angraecopsis breviloba Illegally collected

Angraecum cultriforme Illegally collected

Angraecum infundibulare Illegally collected

Angraecum sacciferum Illegally collected

Angraecum teres Illegally collected

Bolusiella iridifolia Illegally collected

Bonatea rabaiensis Illegally collected

Brachycorythis buchananii Illegally collected

Brownleea parviflora Illegally collected

Bulbophyllum bidenticulatum Illegally collected

Bulbophyllum intertextum Illegally collected

Bulbophyllum scaberulum Illegally collected

Chaseella pseudohydra Illegally collected

Cheirostylis lepida Illegally collected

Cynorkis anacamptoides Illegally collected

Cynorkis uncata Illegally collected

Cyrtorchis praetermissa Illegally collected

Diaphananthe fragrantissima Illegally collected

Diaphananthe rohrii Illegally collected

Disa erubescens Illegally collected

Disa scutellifera Illegally collected

Disperis anthoceros Illegally collected

Disperis kilimanjarica Illegally collected

Disperis reichenbachiana Illegally collected

Epipogium roseum Illegally collected

Eulophia clitellifera Illegally collected

Eulophia cucullata Illegally collected

Eulophia montis-elgonis Illegally collected

Eulophia serrata Illegally collected

Eulophia tanganyikensis Illegally collected

Habenaria armatissima Illegally collected

Habenaria egregia Illegally collected

Habenaria plectromaniaca Illegally collected

Habenaria subarmata Illegally collected

Habenaria tweedieae Illegally collected

Holothrix aphylla Illegally collected

Holothrix puberula Illegally collected

Malaxis weberbaueriana Illegally collected

Margelliantha leedalii Illegally collected

Microcoelia koehleri Illegally collected

Microcoelia megalorrhiza Illegally collected

Microcoelia physophora Illegally collected

Nephrangis filiformis Illegally collected

Nervilia kotschyi Illegally collected

Oberonia disticha Illegally collected

Oeceoclades maculata Illegally collected

Oeceoclades zanzibarica Illegally collected

Platycoryne pervillei Illegally collected

Platylepis grandulosa Illegally collected

Polystachya bella Illegally collected

Polystachya denrobiiflora Illegally collected

Polystachya fusiformis Illegally collected

Polystachya holstii Illegally collected

Polystachya polychaete Illegally collected

Polystachya teitensis Illegally collected

Polystachya tessellata Illegally collected

Pteroglossaspis eustachya Illegally collected

Rangaeris muscicola Illegally collected

Roeperocharis bennettiana Illegally collected

Satyrium crassicaule Illegally collected

Satyrium robustum Illegally collected

Satyrium volkensii Illegally collected

Solenangis conica Illegally collected

Sphyrarhynchus schliebenii Illegally collected

Triceratorhynchus viridiflorus Illegally collected

Tridactyle furcistipes Illegally collected

Tridactyle tanneri Illegally collected

Ypsilopus longifolius Illegally collected

Ypsilopus viridiflorus Illegally collected

Zeuxine elongata Illegally collected

Aerangis luteoalba rhodostica Illegally collected

Eulophia streptopetala stenophylla Illegally collected

Angraecum ebumeum giryamae Illegally collected

Platycoryne crocera montis-elgon Illegally collected

Polystachya caespitifica latilabris Illegally collected

Disa aconitoides goetzeana Illegally collected

Prunus africana African Red Stinkwood Priority traded, bark

Osyris lanceolata East African Sandalwood Priority illegally trafficked

Monadenium sp.

Juniperus procera

Afzelia quanzensis

Dalbergia melanoxylon African Blackwood

Tylosema fassoglense

Mondia whytei

Tectona grandis Teak wood Priority transitted in Kenya

Rhipsalis spp. Rhipsalis Priority Frequently traded

Loxodonta africana African elephant Priority Law enforcement

Direcos bicornis Black rhino Priority

Ceratotherium simum White rhino Priority

Hippopotamus amphibius Hippo Priority

Phachoerus africanus Common warthog Priority

Hylochoerus meinertzhageni Giant hog Priority

Giraffa camelopardalis Giraffes Priority

Panthera leo Lion/lioness Priority

Panthera pardus Leopard Priority

Acinonyx jubartus Cheetah Priority

Felis serval Serval cat Priority

Civettictis civetta African civet Priority

Genetta tigrina Blotched genet Priority

Genetta genetta Common genet Priority

Madoqua sp (M. kirki, M. cavendishi, M. hindei) dikdik Priority