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Track Two Diplomacy in the Middle East and South Asia
THE ARTS This PDF document was made available CHILD POLICY from www.rand.org as a public service of CIVIL JUSTICE the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit NATIONAL SECURITY research organization providing POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY objective analysis and effective SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY solutions that address the challenges SUBSTANCE ABUSE facing the public and private sectors TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY around the world. TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Support RAND WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND National Security Research Division View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Talking to the Enemy Track Two Diplomacy in the Middle East and South Asia Dalia Dassa Kaye NATIONAL SECURITY RESEARCH DIVISION This research was conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center (ISDP) of the RAND National Security Research Division (NSRD). -
Preventive Diplomacy: Regions in Focus
Preventive Diplomacy: Regions in Focus DECEMBER 2011 INTERNATIONAL PEACE INSTITUTE Cover Photo: UN Secretary-General ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Ban Ki-moon (left) is received by Guillaume Soro, Prime Minister of IPI owes a debt of thanks to its many donors, whose Côte d'Ivoire, at Yamoussoukro support makes publications like this one possible. In partic - airport. May 21, 2011. © UN ular, IPI would like to thank the governments of Finland, Photo/Basile Zoma. Norway, and Sweden for their generous contributions to The views expressed in this paper IPI's Coping with Crisis Program. Also, IPI would like to represent those of the authors and thank the Mediation Support Unit of the UN Department of not necessarily those of IPI. IPI Political Affairs for giving it the opportunity to contribute welcomes consideration of a wide range of perspectives in the pursuit to the process that led up to the Secretary-General's report of a well-informed debate on critical on preventive diplomacy. policies and issues in international affairs. IPI Publications Adam Lupel, Editor and Senior Fellow Marie O’Reilly, Publications Officer Suggested Citation: Francesco Mancini, ed., “Preventive Diplomacy: Regions in Focus,” New York: International Peace Institute, December 2011. © by International Peace Institute, 2011 All Rights Reserved www.ipinst.org CONTENTS Introduction . 1 Francesco Mancini Preventive Diplomacy in Africa: Adapting to New Realities . 4 Fabienne Hara Optimizing Preventive-Diplomacy Tools: A Latin American Perspective . 15 Sandra Borda Preventive Diplomacy in Southeast Asia: Redefining the ASEAN Way . 28 Jim Della-Giacoma Preventive Diplomacy on the Korean Peninsula: What Role for the United Nations? . 35 Leon V. -
Cultural Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution
Cultural Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution Introduction In his poem, The Second Coming (1919), William Butler Yeats captured the moment we are now experiencing: Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity. As we see the deterioration of the institutions created and fostered after the Second World War to create a climate in which peace and prosperity could flourish in Europe and beyond, it is important to understand the role played by diplomacy in securing the stability and strengthening the shared values of freedom and democracy that have marked this era for the nations of the world. It is most instructive to read the Inaugural Address of President John F. Kennedy, in which he encouraged Americans not only to do good things for their own country, but to do good things in the world. The creation of the Peace Corps is an example of the kind of spirit that put young American volunteers into some of the poorest nations in an effort to improve the standard of living for people around the globe. We knew we were leaders; we knew that we had many political and economic and social advantages. There was an impetus to share this wealth. Generosity, not greed, was the motivation of that generation. Of course, this did not begin with Kennedy. It was preceded by the Marshall Plan, one of the only times in history that the conqueror decided to rebuild the country of the vanquished foe. -
Complex Operations Lexicon
Complex Operations Lexicon Senior Editor R. Scott Moore, PhD Principal Researcher Christopher Ehrhart Contributors Geary Cox Aileen McLaren Scott Miller Jenny Mitchell Nicole Neitzey Table of Contents Acknowledgements iii Introduction iv Lexicon of Terms 1 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations 172 Sources 192 Center for Complex Operations 198 ii Acknowledgements The research and writing of this lexicon would not have been possible without the efforts and dedication of a wide range of organizations and people. Thanks must first be given to those individuals from the US Departments of Defense and State, the US Agency for International Development, the United Nations, NATO, the NGO community, and a host of other official and semi-official organizations whose largely anonymous but important work compiled the many word lists, glossaries, and publications that form the basis of this lexicon. The list of sources offers but a sampling of their efforts. Within the Center for Complex Operations (CCO), a host of research associates and student interns conducted literature reviews and research, sought out new sources, contacted government agencies, proofread drafts, and cross-checked definitions and references over the course of many months. Notable among these individuals was Scott Miller, whose research acumen resulted in an initial draft that formed the core of the lexicon. Jenny Mitchell and Aileen McLaren spent long hours doing the necessary final editing as well as ensuring each term was appropriately and accurately cited. For those whose names may not be listed, rest assured your contributions did not go unnoticed and are much appreciated. James Madison University’s Center for International Stabilization and Recovery (CISR) fleshed an original draft into a robust reference of value across the community of conflict practitioners, military and civilian, by drawing in the language of a diverse set of communities who operate in conflict zones. -
A Critical Descriptive Analysis of the Role of Track I and Track Ii Diplomatic Interventions: the Case of the Democratic Republic of Congo (1998-2002)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Stellenbosch University SUNScholar Repository i A CRITICAL DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF TRACK I AND TRACK II DIPLOMATIC INTERVENTIONS: THE CASE OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (1998-2002) Vanessa Roque de Carvalho Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in International Studies at Stellenbosch University. Supervisor: Mr. G. Swart March 2010 i ii DECLARATION By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the owner of the copyright thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise stated) and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: 8 March 2010 Copyright © 2009 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii iii ABSTRACT The climate of the Great Lakes Region fostered desperate sources of insecurity which fed each other in a conflict-system which was also largely fuelled by the surrounding war economy. Consequently, the focus of this study was narrowed to providing only a descriptive analysis of the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s peace processes of 1998-2002. Subsequently, the surrounding climate served to aggravate the DRC’s ethnic cleavages and the conflict grew so complex that the issues could no longer be clearly divided. The motivation for conducting a study of this nature was that amidst the twenty-three failed attempts for peace, the conflict persisted with no signs of abating, which suggests that a historical and discourse analysis of the peace processes is justified. -
Can Cricket Be Used As Multi-Track Diplomacy in the Context of Indo-Pakistani Relations?
CAN CRICKET BE USED AS MULTI-TRACK DIPLOMACY IN THE CONTEXT OF INDO-PAKISTANI RELATIONS? WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE PERIOD BETWEEN 1999 AND 2005 BY EMILY CRICK Academic Year: 2005/6 Word Count: 'This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MSc in Development and Security'; 'This dissertation contains no plagiarism, has not been submitted in whole or in part for the award of another degree, and is solely the work of Emily Crick.' DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to all the cricket fans, journalists, administrators and players that helped or encouraged me write to it. Those that deserve a special mention are Anisa Khan, Rahul Bhattacharya, Osman Samiuddin, Andrew Miller, Shaharyar Khan, Mike Selvey and Steve McVeagh. Further thanks must go to Mike McGuire whose help has been invaluable and to Hazel Zanelli and Hannah Parrott who reminded me how close the deadlines were. Emily Crick, 20th September 2006 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BCCI – Board of Cricket Control in India BJP – Bharatiya Janata Party CBM’s – Confidence-Building Measures ECB – England and Wales Cricket Board ICC – International Cricket Council MNC’s – Multi-national corporations ODI – One Day International cricket matches PCB – Pakistan Cricket Board SAARC – South Asian Association of Regional Co-operation 3 CONTENTS: Introduction pg. 5 Chapter One: Theoretical Analysis of Confidence Building Measures pg. 10 Chapter Two: Sport is war minus the shooting pg. 24 • Sport and International Relations pg. 24 • Cricket in Asia pg. 25 • Indo-Pakistani Cricketing Ties and Indo-Pak relations pg. 29 • Cricket and National Consciousness pg. -
Policy Paper and Case Studies Capturing UN Preventive Diplomacy Success: How and Why Does It Work?
United Nations University Centre for Policy Research UN Preventive Diplomacy April 2018 Policy Paper and Case Studies Capturing UN Preventive Diplomacy Success: How and Why Does It Work? Dr. Laurie Nathan Professor of the Practice of Mediation and Director of the Mediation Program, Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame Adam Day Senior Policy Advisor, United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan João Honwana Former Director in the UN Department of Political Affairs Dr. Rebecca Brubaker Policy Advisor, United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan © 2018 United Nations University. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-92-808-9077-8 Acknowledgements UNU-CPR is deeply grateful to the Permanent Mission of the United Kingdom to the United Nations for its support to this project. Special thanks go to Thomas Wheeler who was the focal point for both prevention-related projects. UNU-CPR worked in close partnership with the UN Department of Political Affairs throughout this project and benefited greatly from the time and substantive inputs of Teresa Whitfield and Dirk Druet in particular. UNU-CPR would like to thank participants for their contributions to the project’s mid-point peer-review process, including Roxaneh Bazergan, Richard Gowan, Michele Griffin, Marc Jacquand, Asif Khan, Karin Landgren, Ian Martin, Abdel- Fatau Musah, Jake Sherman, and Oliver Ulich. Numerous individuals provided helpful input for and feedback on the country case studies that form the empirical foundation for this project. They are acknowledged in the respective case study chapters in this volume. We are deeply grateful for their support. Finally, we are especially grateful to Emma Hutchinson for her invaluable editorial support to this project. -
Russia's Islamic Diplom
Russia's Islamic Diplom Russia's Islamic Diplomacy ed. Marlene Laruelle CAP paper no. 220, June 2019 "Islam in Russia, Russia in the Islamic World" Initiative Russia’s Islamic Diplomacy Ed. Marlene Laruelle The Initiative “Islam in Russia, Russia in the Islamic World” is generously funded by the Henry Luce Foundation Cover photo: Talgat Tadjuddin, Chief Mufti of Russia and head of the Central Muslim Spiritual Board of Russia, meeting with the Armenian Catholicos Karekin II and Mufti Ismail Berdiyev, President of the Karachay-Cherkessia Spiritual Board, Moscow, December 1, 2016. Credit : Artyom Korotayev, TASS/Alamy Live News HAGFW9. Table of Contents Chapter 1. Russia and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation: Conflicting Interactions Grigory Kosach………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5 Chapter 2. Always Looming: The Russian Muslim Factor in Moscow's Relations with Gulf Arab States Mark N. Katz………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 1 Chapter 3. Russia and the Islamic Worlds: The Case of Shia Islam Clément Therme ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 25 Chapter 4. A Kadyrovization of Russian Foreign Policy in the Middle East: Autocrats in Track II Diplomacy and Other Humanitarian Activities Jean-Francois Ratelle……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3 1 Chapter 5. Tatarstan's Paradiplomacy with the Islamic World Guzel Yusupova……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3 7 Chapter 6. Russian Islamic Religious Authorities and Their Activities at the Regional, National, and International Levels Denis Sokolov………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 41 Chapter 7. The Economics of the Hajj: The Case of Tatarstan Azat Akhunov…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4 7 Chapter 8. The Effect of the Pilgrimage to Mecca on the Socio-Political Views of Muslims in Russia’s North Caucasus Mikhail Alexseev…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 3 Authors’ Biographies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5 9 @ 2019 Central Asia Program Chapter 1. -
2009 Released August 3, 2010
2009 Released August 3, 2010 The U.S.‐Iran Track II Dialogue (2002–2008): Lessons Learned and Implications for the Rockefeller Brothers Fund’s Grantmaking Strategy Randa M. Slim Senior Program Advisor 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary and Introduction 4 Literature Review of Track II Diplomacy 5 History of Track II 5 The Impact of Track II 8 Analysis of the U.S.-Iran Track II Dialogue Process (2002 to 2008) 10 The Dialogue 11 Achievements Measured Against Stated Objectives 12 Substantive Products and Achievements 14 Limitations of the U.S.-Iran Track II Dialogue 15 The Evolving Track II Strategy of the RBF 17 Track II and the RBF’s Mission 17 The RBF’s Funding Strategy 17 Success Criteria 19 Exit Criteria 20 Future Track II Funding of the RBF: Four Lenses 20 Recommendations for Future U.S.-Iran Track II Funding 21 Conclusion 22 Appendix: A Chronology of the U.S.-Iran Track II Dialogue Activities 23 Author’s Biography: Randa Slim, Ph.D. 24 3 Executive Summary From 2002 through 2008, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) supported a Track II dialogue involving influential American and Iranian citizens, co-organized and co-facilitated with the United Nations Association of the United States of America (UNA-USA), under the able leadership of Ambassador William Luers. Recognizing that the U.S.-Iranian relationship presents perhaps the most important and troubling foreign policy challenge facing both countries, the Track II dialogue was launched in December 2002. The dialogue took place over a period of six years, during which participants held 14 meetings, most of them in Stockholm, Sweden. -
Lietuvos Ir Lenkijos Diplomatiniai Santykiai 1938–1940 Metais: Dokumentų Rinkinys, Compiled by Algimantas Kasparavičius and Pawel Libera, Vilnius: LII Leidykla, 2013
LITHUANIAN historical STUDIES 19 2014 ISSN 1392-2343 PP. 197–203 Lietuvos ir Lenkijos diplomatiniai santykiai 1938–1940 metais: dokumentų rinkinys, compiled by Algimantas Kasparavičius and Pawel Libera, Vilnius: LII leidykla, 2013. 624 p. ISBN 978-9955-847-65-9 Continuing its series of publications of sources Lietuvos užsienio politikos dokumentai, the Lithuanian Institute of History, together with its partners in Poland (the Polish Institute of International Relations), has issued a carefully prepared collection of documents of impressive scope, compris- ing a brief but very significant period, especially for Lithuania, of three years and three months. The book consists of an introduction, documents, an English-language summary, and an index of names. The bright red colour of the book’s cover, obviously inhibiting the depiction of the main symbols of the two states, the Vytis and the Eagle, attracts attention. Ap- parently, in this way, the compilers wanted to represent symbolically the very complicated, but rather tense Lithuanian and Polish relations in the last year of the existence of these countries, even when diplomatic rela- tions had been established between them. In preparing the collection, most work fell to the well-known researcher of Lithuania’s diplomat service Dr Algimantas Kasparavičius, and the Polish historian Dr Pawel Libera. The official opponents were: the diplomat and professor Alfonsas Eidintas, and Vilnius University docent Nerijus Šepetys (but the opponents from the Polish side are not listed). Conceptually and chronologically, the publica- tion covers the situation from March 1938, i.e. from the presentation of Poland’s ultimatum to Lithuania and the establishment of Lithuanian-Polish diplomatic relations, and the trends in their further genesis and develop- ment until June–July 1940, when the Bolshevik USSR resorted to open aggression against Lithuania, destroying its statehood. -
Is an Ultimatum the Last Word on Crisis Bargaining?
Is an Ultimatum the Last Word on Crisis Bargaining? Mark Fey∗ Brenton Kenkely March 1, 2019 Abstract We investigate how the structure of the international bargaining process affects the resolution of crises. Despite the vast diversity in bargaining protocols, we find that there is a remarkably simple structure to how crises may end. Specifically, for any equilibrium outcome of a complex negotiation process, there is a take-it-or-leave-it offer that has precisely the same risk of war and distribution of benefits. In this sense, every equilibrium outcome of a crisis bargaining game is equivalent to the outcome of an offer in the ultimatum game. Consequently, if a state could select the bargaining protocol, it would choose an ultimatum or another protocol with the same result. According to our model, if states are behaving optimally, then we should observe no relationship between the bargaining protocol and the risk of war or distribution of benefits. An empirical analyses of ultimata in international crises supports this claim. ∗Professor, Department of Political Science, 109 Harkness Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14627. Email: [email protected]. yCorresponding author. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, 324 Commons Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37203. Email: [email protected]. 1 Introduction One of the main tenets of the international conflict literature is that war is the result of bargaining failure. To understand why states fight each other, we must identify why they were not able to reach a deal at the bargaining table (Fearon 1995). In other words, to understand war we must understand pre-war negotiations. -
Disarmament Forum Are the Sole Responsibility of the Individual Authors
It should be noted that the articles contained in Disarmament Forum are the sole responsibility of the individual authors. They do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the United Nations, UNIDIR, its staff members or sponsors. The names and designations of countries, territories, cities and areas employed in Disarmament Forum do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. ii Printed at United Nations, Geneva GE.05-00859—July 2008 —3,820 UNIDIR/DF/2008/2 ISSN 1020-7287 TABLE OF CONTENTS Editor's Note Kerstin VIGNARD ............................................................................................................. 1 Arms Control in the Middle East Filling a critical gap, or just wasting time? Track Two diplomacy and regional security in the Middle East Peter JONES .................................................................................................................... 3 ACRS: what worked, what didn't, and what could be relevant for the region today Emily B. LANDAU ............................................................................................................ 13 Nuclear futures for the Middle East: impact on the goal of a WMD-free zone Merav DATAN .................................................................................................................. 21 The internationalization of the nuclear fuel cycle: an Arab perspective Mohamed I. SHAKER .................................................................................................... 33 Open Forum Treaty