Deciduous Trees for South Dakota Landscapes D

South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange South Dakota State University Agricultural Bulletins Experiment Station 1-1-1985 Deciduous Trees for South Dakota Landscapes D. E. Herman N. P. Evers Follow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/agexperimentsta_bulletins Recommended Citation Herman, D. E. and Evers, N. P., "Deciduous Trees for South Dakota Landscapes" (1985). Bulletins. Paper 582. http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/agexperimentsta_bulletins/582 This Bulletin is brought to you for free and open access by the South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletins by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bulletin 578 • Agricultural Experiment Station South Dakota State University / // Brookings, South Dakota COVER-A distinctive landscape asset of deciduous trees is annual development of yellow, orange, and scarlet shades of autumn coloration. This 3-fold panorama of color may be observed annually in Sieche Hollow State Park near Sisse ton, South Dakota. This area is the extreme northwestern limit of the native range of sugar maple in the United States. Leaf reproductions on the cover are authentic im pressions of silver maple leaves. deciduous trees for south dakota landscapes By Dale E. Herman Associate Professor Horticulture-Forestry Department Revised in 1985 by Norman P. Evers Bulletin 578 Agricultural Experiment Station South Dakota State University Brookings, South Dakota 57006 1 Trees with Particular Landscape Contents Qualities and Adaptabilities ________ _______ 70 Trees with Co.lorful or Interesting Winter Twigs or Bark ___________________________ 70 Trees with Ornamental Flowers________ _______ 70 Trees with Ornamental F1ruits__ -------"--------- 70 Trees with Colorful Summer Foliage__ _____ 70 Page Trees with Outstanding Fall Color ____________ 70 Introduction ___________ ______________ -------------------------- 3 Categorization of Trees by Form or Trees for Semi-Shaded Sites ______________ _______ 70 Alphabetical Index to Deciduous Trees________ 4 Growth Habit ------------------------------------------ 65 Trees for Moist Soils____ __________ _________________ ___ 70 Family and Genus Relationships__________________ 4 Fastigiate and/or Columnar (Figure 2) ___ 65 Trees That Withstand Dry Soils_______ _____ ___ 70 Publication Format ---------------------------------------- 5 Oval (Fig. 3) ____ ------------------------------------------- 66 Trees That Withstand Alkaline Soils __ _____ 71 Botanical Name -----------------------------------______ 5 Pyramidal or Conical (Fig. 4) ____________________ 66 Iron Chlorosis in Alkaline Soils______________ ___ 71 Common Name ------------------------------------------ 5 Rounded or Globe-Headed (Fig. 5) __ _______ 67 Sunscald Susceptibility ------------------------------ 71 Zone Recommendation (Figure l) ____________ 6 Vase or Umbrella (Fig. 6) ______________ _____ _____ 68 Trees Needing More Evaluation Height and Spread in Feet ------------------------ 7 Weeping or Semi-Pendulous (Fig. 7) ________ 69 in South Dakota -------------------------------------- 71 Descriptive Features ---------------------------------- 7 Spreading to Variably Rounded __ ___________ 69 GI ossary --------------------------------------------------------- 71 -7 2 Discussion o,f Deciduous Trees______________________ 8-64 Irregular Growth Habit ------------------------------ 69 Selected References ---------------------------------------- 73 Acknowledgment The author expresses his appreciation to Horticulturists Paul E. Collins and Dean M. Martin and Botanist Charles A. Taylor for their assistance in reading the manuscript. Thanks are also extended to other members of the Horticulture-For estry Department for their helpful suggestions. The tree forms, as represented in figures 2-7, are modifications from "Trees for New Jersey Streets," a publication of the New Jer sey Federation of Shade Tree Commissions, 1965. 2 Introduction The Great Plains, including South Dakota, has fail to reproduce true to type from seed. Since most been characterized as a vast "treeless" plain. Granted, new ornamental tree cultivars are propagated asexual this statement carries a measure of truth, but we need ly, the terms cultivar and clone are used interchange not be apologetic, for if we didn't appreciate the assets ably throughout the publication. of this vast, unrestricted, non-congested and, as yet, A hybrid tree is commonly produced by crossing relatively non-polluted environment, we wouldn't two or more species or cultivars. A majority of hybrid choose to live here. Nevertheless, the important role trees are vegetatively propagated because they fail to which trees play in tempering man's environment and come true from seed. In fact, certain hybrids fail to in providing a more beautiful, enjoyable environment produce viable seed. in which to work and recreate needs no amplification. Actually the abundance of open space provides an un Your attention is directed to a common misconcep paralleled opportunity to beautify the landscape scene tion that only a small group of plants are available in South Dakota. which possess adequate hardiness to perform satisfac This publication was prepared to meet the need for torily in the Northern Plains. However, if one really an informative reference on deciduous trees in South familiarizes himself with the many readily obtainable Dakota. Also, this publication will be of regional value deciduous trees and the various new cultivars that are due to its rather extensive treatment of cultivars, in becoming available, our selection really becomes sur cluding hybrid and clonal varieties. prisingly extensive. Furthermore, as we continue to The term cultivar was introduced in 1961 by the In evaluate new trees and the public begins to request ternational Commission for the ,Nomenclature of Culti more of the newer and less-commonly offered material, vated Plants to designate a "cultivated variety." A nurserymen will further expand their tree inventories. cultivar is a plant which is developed, propagated, and The primary purpose of this reference is to provide maintained under cultivation by man. New plants ( cul a useful tool for landscape nurserymen, landscape tivars) are produced by various means, including hy architects, arborists, park department personnel, bridization ( hybrins), naturally occurring genetic greenhouse and garden center operators, Cooperative changes which give rise to sports and mutants, and Extension Service personnel, Forestry and Soil Con man-made selections. servation Service personnel, garden club members, A clone is actually a type of cultivar. Clones are homeowners, and conservationists and horticulturists plants which are propagated vegetatively (asexually) in general. It will serve as an excellent supplementary by such means as cutting, grafting, or budding from a teaching aid for university-level arboriculture and single selected parent. Therefore, each plant is identi woody plant identification courses. High school stu cal. Asexual propagation is essential because clones dents will also find it useful. 3 Alphabetical Index of Deciduous Trees COMMON NAME PAGE 11 11 Purpurea Hybrids and Related Locust -------------------------------------------- ____ _ 52 Al'der ,---- .. _______ ___________________________ 3 Purple-Leaved .. ____ ____ ___________ 29 Maack ia____ _________________________ _______________________ 26 1 11 Apricot .. -------------------------------------------------- 47 1 Rosybloom •• ___ •• ___ _____ _____________ 32 Maple ------------------------------_________ ____________ 8-12 Ash ____ _______________________________ ______________________ 19-21 White-Flowered ___ ___ _ ___ _______ _ 37 Mountain-Ash ____ __ _____ _____ ____ ___ ___ 55-57 Aspen________________ ____ --------------------------------- _ 44 Elm __ ___ _____ ______ _ _ 60-6 4 Mulberry __ ______________ __ ___________ _________ 39 Birch _________ __________________ ___ ____ __ 14-16 Ginkgo ______ __ ___ ____ _ __ ____ _ _____ 21 Oak______ ___ _____ __ _ _____ ___ _ ____ ____ _ 49-50 Buckeye ____ ___ __ _ 13 Goldenrain-Tree __ _ 24 Pear ____ __________ __ ___ ____ ____________ ____ _ __ 48-49 Buckthorn _ _____ _ _____ __ _____ 51 Hackberry ___ __ _ __________________________ 17 Plum __ ____ _______ __ __ ___ __________ ___ _______ ___ 44-45 Butternut --------------------------------------_ _________ _ 24 Hawthorn ____ _________ _______________ _ _ ___ 17-18 Poplar ---------------------------------------__ _ ___ 41-44 Catalpa ___ -------------------------------------------- 17 Hickory___ __ __ ___ _________ _____ _________ __ _ � 6 Redbud__ _______ _____ ___ _________ ___ __ _ ____ ____ 17 Cherry-Chokecherry .. __ _ ___________ ___ 45-48 Honey-Locust__________ _ __ ___ __ __ ___ _ 22-23 Serviceberry ____________ -------------------___ ________14 Coffee-Tree __ ... _________ .. ___ ______ __ 23 Hop-Hornbeam ____ __ __ _____________ _ _____ 40 Sumac ----------------______ ___ ______ _________ _ ___ _ __ 51 Cork-Tree _ ___ ___________ _____ __ _ 40 - Sycamore ______ _____________ ____ ___________ _____ ___ 40 Cottonwood _ _________ _______ 41-44 ��s :��es;��t· ···::::::·:::::::·:·:.:::::.

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