DOCSLIB.ORG

1 Phytochemical Studies on Sorbus Cashmiriana

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1 Phytochemical Studies on Sorbus Cashmiriana Uncorrected Proof Phytochemical Studies on Sorbus cashmiriana 1SADIA KHAN , 1MEHDI HASSAN KAZMI*, 2EJAZ AHMED AND ABDUL MALIK 1Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. 2International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry University of Karachi, Karachi- 75270, Pakistan. [email protected]* (Received on 16th November 2011, accepted in revised form 27th July 2012) Summary: Eleven compounds have been isolated for the first time from Sorbus cashmiriana namely ursolic acid (1), stigmasterol (2), myricadiol (3), taraxerol (4), 5α , 8α –epidioxyergosta –6, 22- diene-3 β –ol (5), 3β , 5α –dihydroxy –6β − methoxyergosta – 7,22 – diene (6), betulonic acid (7), betulinic acid (8), β –sitosteryl acetate (9), 5α , 8α –epidioxyergosta-6, 9 (11), 22– trien –3β –ol (10) stigmasterol 3-O- β -D-glucopyranoside (11), respectively. Their structures have elucidated by spectroscopy techniques. Introduction Sorbus cashmiriana Hedlund, Monog is a tree of two seasons, one in the spring with lovely Results and Discussion pink – tinted flowers and one in the autumn when the leaves are gone and glorious white fruits shine out. It The methanolic extract of the whole plant is distributed in Kashmir and the western Himalayas. was divided into n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, There are about one hundred species under genus n-butanol and water soluble fractions. The ethyl Sorbus and seven are native to the Indo-Pakistan acetate soluble fraction was subjected to column subcontinent. The tea made from its bark is used to chromatography over silica gel eluting with n– treat nausea and to cleanse the blood. A bark hexane–ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate and ethyl acetate - preparation is also used against heart disease. The methanol in increasing order of polarity to obtain berries are rich in vitamin C and used to cure scurvy eleven compounds, reported for the first time from [1–5]. The ethanopharmacological and this specie. These could be identified as ursolic acid chemotaxonomic importance of the genus sorbus led (1), stigmasterol (2) myricadiol (3), taraxerol (4), 5α , us to investigate the chemical constituents of sorbus 8α –epidioxyergosta -6, 22– dien 3 β –ol (5), 3 β, 5α cashmiriana. dihydroxy – 6 β methoxy ergosta – 7–22 diene (6), The methanolic extract of sorbus betulonic acid (7), betulinic acid (8), β –sitosteryl cashmiriana showed strong toxicity in a brine shrimp acetate (9), 5α , 8α epidioxy ergosta- 6, 9 (11), 22– lethality test [6, 7]. On further fractionation a major trien–3 β–ol (10) and stigmasterol 3–0 –β–D–gluco toxicity was observed in the ethyl acetate soluble pyranoside (11) respectively on the basis of their fraction. Pharmacological screening of the ethyl spectral data. acetate soluble fraction showed strong inhibition against Lipoxygenase enzyme using method Experimental developed by Tappel (1962) [8, 9]. This prompted us to carry out bioassay directed isolation studies of the General active constituents. Herein we report the isolation and structure elucidation of ursolic acid (1), stigmasterol Column Chromatography was carried out (2), myricadiol (3), taraxerol (4), 5α , 8α – using silica gel (E-Merck, 230-400 mesh). TLC was epidioxyergosta -6, 22–diene-3 β –ol (5), 3β , 5α – performed over precoated silica gel G60-F254 preparative plates (20x20cm, 0.5mm thick, E Merck) dihydroxy – 6β -methoxy ergosta – 7,22 – diene (6), were used to check the purity of the compounds and betulonic acid (7), betulinic acid (8), β -sitosteryl were visualized under UV light of (254 nm and 366 acetate (9), 5α , 8α –epidioxy ergosta–6, 9 (11), 22 nm) and followed by ceric sulfate as Spraying trien 3β –ol (10) stigmasterol 3–O– β –D– reagent in 10% H2SO4. Melting point was determined glucopyranoside (11), respectively from the ethyl by Gallenkemp apparatus. Optical rotations were acetate fraction. measured on a Jasco DIP-360 digital polarimeter. UV 1 Uncorrected Proof and IR spectra were recorded on Hitachi UV-3200 afford β-sitosteryl acetate (9) and 5α , 8α – and Jasco-320A spectrometers respectively. El and Epidioxy ergosta-6, 9 (11), 22 trien 3β–ol (10). The HR-El-MS were measured in an electron impact fraction obtained from the ethyl acetate : methanol mode on Finnigan MAT 12 or MAT 312 (9.0 : 1.0) were rechromatographed over silica gel spectrometers and ions are given in m/z (%).1H and 13 eluting with ethyl acetate - methanol in increasing C –NMR spectra was recorded on Bruker AMX- order of polarity and final purification by PTLC 400 MHz spectrometer with TMS as an internal using solvent system ethyl acetate - methanol (9.5: standard. 0.5) to yield stigmasterol 3-O–β–D–glucopyranoside (11). Plant Material Ursolic acid (1) The whole plant (20 Kg) Sorbus cashmiriana Hedlund, Monog was collected in the Crystallized from EtOH (25 mg), m.p. 283- month of July and August 2004 from Kashmir 20 285 °C; [α]D + 62.5° (c = 0.2, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) (Pakistan) and identified by Dr. Surraiya Khatoon, -1 1 νmax cm : 3510, 3050, 1697, 1635, 820; H-NMR Plant Taxonomist, Department of Botany, University (CDCl , 400 MHz) δ: 5.11 (1H, m, H-12), 3.19 (1H, of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan where a voucher 3 dd Jax,ax = 10.0 Hz, Jax,eq = 4.5 Hz, H-3), 1.20 (3H, s, specimen has (No. KUH73/67760) been deposited. Me-27), 1.07 (3H, s, Me-23), 0.94 (3H, s, Me-25), 0.91 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, Me-30), 0.86 (3H, s, Me-26), Isolation 0.81 (3H, s, Me-24), 0.80 (3H, d, J = 6.8 Hz, Me-29). 13 C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ: 176.2 (C-28), 138.7 The freshly collected whole plant material (C-13), 125.8 (C-12), 79.1 (C-3), 55.2 (C-18), 52.4 (20 kg) was cut into small pieces and extracted with (C-5), 47.9 (C-17), 47.4 (C-9), 42.0 (C-14), 39.6 (C- methanol (3 x 30 L). The combined methanolic 8), 38.5 (C-1), 37.0 (C-22), 37.1 (C-10), 33.2 (C-7), extract was evaporated under reduced pressure to 30.5 (C-19), 30.3 (C-20), 29.4 (C-15), 27.5 (C-21), yield a residue (900 g), which was partitioned 24.5 (C-27), 27.4 (C-2), 24.0 (C-23, C-30), 23.9 (C- between n-hexane and water. The aqueous fraction 11), 23.5 (C-16), 22.4 (C-29), 18.3 (C-6), 17.2 (C- was successively partitioned with chloroform (95 26), 15.9 (C-25) and 15.4 (C-24) (Fig. 1) gm), ethyl acetate (180 gm), n-butanol (65 gm), and water (48 gm). The ethyl acetate soluble fraction (180 30 gm) was subjected to column chromatography over silica gel eluting with n-hexane, n-hexane-ethyl 29 20 19 acetate, ethyl acetate and ethyl acetate- methanol in 21 increasing order of polarity to obtain 6 major 12 18 22 13 17 fractions CA-CF. The Fraction obtained from n- 11 28 25 26 hexane- ethyl acetate (7.0: 3.0) were combined and 1 HCOOH 9 14 rechromatographed over silica gel using solvent 16 2 10 8 15 system n-hexane- ethyl acetate (4.0: 6.0) and finally H 5 27 purified by PTLC solvent system (6.5 : 3.5) to afford 7 3 4 ursolic acid (1), stigmasterol (2) and myricadiol (3) HO 6 respectively. The fraction obtained from n-hexane- ethyl acetate (5.0 : 5.0) was further purified on PTLC 23 24 with solvent system (4.0 : 6.0) offered taraxerol (4) , Fig. 1: Structure of Ursolic acid (1). 5α , 8α Epidioxyergosta-6, 22-diene 3-ol (5) and 3, 5 dihydroxy-6 β –methoxy ergosta-7, 22-diene The physical and spectral data were in (6) respectively. The fraction obtained from the n- agreement with those in literature [10-12] hexane- ethyl acetate (4.0: 6.0) gave two spots on TLC which was further rechromatography on PTLC Stigmasterol (2) under the solvent system (3.2: 6.8) to give betulonic acid (7) and betulinic acid (8) respectively. The Colorless crystallized solid (5 mg), m.p. 25 fraction obtained from the n-hexane- ethyl acetate 170-171 °C; [α]D -51.5˚ (c = 0.28, CHCl3); IR -1 1 (3.0 : 7.0) were combined and rechromatographed (CHCl3) νmax cm : 3432, 1648; H-NMR (CDCl3, over silica gel using solvent system n-hexane- ethyl 400 MHz), δ: 5.33 (1H, m, H-6), 5.15 (1H, dd, J = acetate (2.0 : 8.0) and finally purified by PTLC 15.2, 8.4 Hz, H-22), 5.02 (1H, dd, J = 15.2, 8.6 Hz, solvent system n-hexane- ethyl acetate (2.5 : 7.5) H-23), 3.28 (1H, m, H-3), 0.90 (3H, d, J = 6.5 Hz, 2 Uncorrected Proof Me-21), 0.83 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, Me-26), 0.84 (3H, t, J = 7.0 Hz, Me-29), 0.81 (3H, d, J = 6.5 Hz, Me-27), 0.80 (3H, s, Me-19), 0.65 (3H, s, Me-18). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ: 140.9 (C-5), 138.40 (C-22), 129.48 (C-23), 121.78 ( C-6), 71.92 (C-3), 57.0 (C- 14), 56.0 (C-17), 51.31 (C-24), 50.37 (C-9), 42.50 (C-13), 42.20 (C-4), 40.50 (C-20), 39.73 (C-12), 37.42 (C-1), 36.61 (C-10), 31.89 (C-8), 32.0 (C-25), 31.91 (C-7), 31.81 (C-2), 28.90 (C-16), 25.41 (C-28), 24.41 (C-15), 21.20 (C-27), 21.12 (C-21), 21.01 (C- 11), 19.40 (C-19), 19.0 (C-26), 12.43 (C-18) and 12.0 (C-29) (Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • L Catologue 14-15
    2014-2015 Catalogue Tel. 01454 310664 Opening times [email protected] Weekdays – 9.00am to 4.30pm – All year Saturday: 9.00am to 4.00pm Sep.– May www.landcaretrees.co.uk Other times by appointment. Landcare Catalogue for 2014-15 The catalogue has prices shown with VAT inclusive at time of going to press. Our website will have changes in stock and prices regularly updated throughout the year. We will use the website to bring you up to date stock of rootball and specimen plants as they arrive in the nursery. Ask about our horticultural trade accounts. About Landcare Landcare is an independent traditional nursery occupying an 8 acre site growing and caring for plants. We sell to the General Public, Landscapers and Garden Designers. We aim to provide healthy high quality plants, which we source from a number of growers or from our own field and nursery stock. We supply a wide range of trees and shrubs in containers, root balls or as bare root according to the season. We specialise in quality plants for hedging and trees up to 4m in height. We have a selection of herbaceous perennials, conifers, climbers and wildflowers. We are always making additions to our range of container grown plants. If you cannot see the plant you want in this catalogue, please ask as it may be available from our regular suppliers. Useful Information (H) denotes a plant that is “Harmful if eaten” (E) denotes a plant that is evergreen. Guide to tree sizes. We stock a large range of trees in 10 litre containers which are approximately 1.5-2.4m in height and readily transported in your car.
    [Show full text]
  • Tree Planting and Management
    COMMONWEALTH WAR GRAVES COMMISSION Tree Planting and Management Breadth of Opportunity The spread of the Commission's responsibilities over some 148 countries in temperate, mediterranean, tropical and desert climates provides wonderful opportunities to experiment with nature's wealth of tree species. We are particularly fortunate in being able to grow many interesting and beautiful trees and we will explain how we manage them and what splendid specimens they can make. Why Plant Trees? Trees are planted for a variety of reasons: their amenity value, leaf shape and size, flowers, fruit, habit, form, bark, landscape value, shelter or screening, backcloth planting, shade, noise and pollution reduction, soil stabilisation and to encourage wild life. Often we plant trees solely for their amenity value. That is, the beauty of the tree itself. This can be from the leaves such as those in Robinia pseudoacacia 'Frisia', the flowers in the tropical tree Tabebuia or Albizia, the crimson stems of the sealing wax palm (Cyrtostachys renda), or the fruit as in Magnolia grandiflora. above: Sealing wax palms at Taiping War Cemetery, Malaysia with insert of the fruit of Magnolia grandiflora Selection Generally speaking the form of the left: The tropical tree Tabebuia tree is very often a major contributing factor and this, together with a sound knowledge of below: Flowers of the tropical the situation in which the tree is to tree Albizia julibrissin be grown, guides the decision to the best choice of species. Exposure is a major limitation to the free choice of species in northern Europe especially and trees such as Sorbus, Betula, Tilia, Fraxinus, Crataegus and fastigiate yews play an important role in any landscape design where the elements are seriously against a wider selection.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Phytochemical Studies of Sorbus Species 213
    INT. J. BOIL. BIOTECH., 16 (1): 211-220, 2019. GENUS SORBUS L.: A PHYTOCHEMICAL REVIEW Sadia Khan1*, Mehdi Hassan Kazmi1, Farah Inamullah1, Shagufta Afaq1, M. Zahid Farhad1, Sadia Ferheen2 and Sarwat Ismail3 1Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan 2Pharmaceutical Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex Karachi, Pakistan 3PCSIR, Head office, 1-Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan *corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT The current review is focused on the phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of the genus Sorbus. Its numerous species have been utilized as a traditional medicine in the world. Despite, the therapeutic importance of genus Sorbus, out of 100 species only 13 species have been screened phytochemically. Up till now, around 150 secondary metabolites have been reported from this genus, which are summarized in this review. Keywords: Rosaceae, Sorbus, phytochemical, pharmacological potential. INTRODUCTION The Sorbus L. is a genus from the Rose family (Rosaceae). Sorbus comprises of 100 species among which many are medicinally important and are being used in the folklore medications all over the world (Bhattacharjee, 2003). Several taxa from Sorbus are found in customary and local medicines that are used as anti-diarrhea, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, vaso- protective, broncho- and vaso-relaxant, along with potent antioxidative qualities (Hukkanen et al., 2006, Olszewska and Michel, 2009, Olszewska et al., 2010, Olszewska, 2012; Perry and Metzger, 1980; Krishna, 1972; Jayaweera, 1982; Krachmal, 1980. The fruit of S. aucuparia L. is bitter in nature and having characteristics of, astringent, laxative, diuretic and cholagogue. Traditionally these are used as drugs in the form of tea, syrup, jelly or liqueur in Austria for the treatment of ailments related to respiratory tract, fever, infections, colds, flu, rheumatism and gout.
    [Show full text]
  • Pronounced Differences in Diurnal Variation of Carbon
    Research PronouncedBlackwellOxford,NPHNew0028-646X1469-8137©266510.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02665.xOctober0400???412???OriginalXX The Phytologist Authors UK 2008Article Publishing (2008). Ltd Journal compilation © New Phytologist (2008) differences in diurnalXX variation of carbon isotope composition of leaf respired CO2 among functional groups Pierrick Priault1,2, Frederik Wegener1 and Christiane Werner1 1Experimental and Systems Ecology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D–33615 Bielefeld, Germany; 2Present address: Université Henri Poincaré Nancy I, Faculté des Sciences, UMR UHP/INRA 1137 ‘Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières’ – BP 239, F–54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France Summary Author for correspondence: • The first broad species survey of diurnal variation in carbon (C) isotope signatures Pierrick Priault of leaf dark-respired CO (δ13C ) is presented here and functional differences and + 2 res Tel: 33-383684760 diurnal dynamics are linked to fractionation in different respiratory pathways, based + Fax: 33-383684240 13 Email: [email protected] on C-labelling experiments. δ13 nancy.fr • Cres was analysed with a rapid in-tube incubation technique in 16 species. • A large diurnal increase in δ13C (4–8‰) occurred in evergreen, slow-growing Received: 11 July 2008 res Accepted: 10 September 2008 and aromatic species and correlated significantly with cumulative photosynthesis, whereas no variation occurred in herbaceous, fast-growing plants or temperate trees. The diurnal increase in δ13C declined almost proportionally to reductions in New Phytologist (2009) 181: 400–412 res cumulative light and was reduced in growing compared with mature leaves. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02665.x • Pyruvate positional labelling provided direct evidence that functional groups differ in C allocation between respiratory pathways owing to different metabolic demands Key words: δ13 allocation, C, diurnal for growth, maintenance and secondary metabolism.
    [Show full text]
  • SRGC BULB LOG DIARY---Pictures and Text © Ian Young
    SRGC ----- Bulb Log Diary ----- Pictures and text © Ian Young BULB LOG 22...............................1st June 2016 Paeonia cambessedesii We are all tempted into trying plants from outside our climate zone - Paeonia cambessedesii is at the verge of its tolerance in this narrow bed at the base of the south- facing kitchen wall. The conditions in our garden are a long way from those in its Balearic Island home but this is the hottest driest bed we have in the garden. Fortunately there are many Paeonia that do grow happily in our cool moist semi- shaded conditions one is the beautiful Himalayan Paeonia emodi with white, scented flowers. Paeonia emodi Paeonia obovata alba Paeonia obovata A woodland species from higher elevations in China, Paeonia obovata, is also well adapted to growing in our northern garden. It is the white form that seems to be more common in cultivation and we have grown it for many years and now we are very happy to have flowered the pink coloured type for the first time. This picture, which shows both forms of Paeonia obovata growing in our front garden, illustrates why plants that are native to woodland habitats grow best for us in our dense plantings under the partial shade of trees and shrubs. Paeonia eomodi, Uvularia grandiflora and Hyacinthoides hispanica also enjoy our open woodland type growing conditions. We have grown our only plant of Paeonia emodi for almost thirty years and while it has formed a large clump with many flowers it has never produced any seeds. Glaucidium palmatum, a woodlander from Japan, also thrives in our cool moist woodsy type growing conditions and it does set seed – I show one of our darkest coloured forms alongside the white from which comes true from seed.
    [Show full text]
  • Deciduous Trees for South Dakota Landscapes D
    South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange South Dakota State University Agricultural Bulletins Experiment Station 5-1-1971 Deciduous Trees for South Dakota Landscapes D. E. Herman Follow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/agexperimentsta_bulletins Recommended Citation Herman, D. E., "Deciduous Trees for South Dakota Landscapes" (1971). Bulletins. Paper 581. http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/agexperimentsta_bulletins/581 This Bulletin is brought to you for free and open access by the South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletins by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bulletin 578 • May 1971 Agricultural Experiment Station South Dakota State University Brookings, South Dakota 57006 , ,, I. COVER-A distinctive landscape asset of deciduous trees is annual development of yellow, orange, and scarlet shades of autumn coloration. This 3-fold panorama of color may be observed annually in Sieche Hollow State Park near Sisse­ ton, South Dakota. This area is the extreme northwestern limit of the native range of sugar maple in the United States. Leaf reproductions on the cover are authentic im­ pressions of silver maple leaves. deciduous trees
    [Show full text]
  • An Elemental Education When She Took on Her Beautiful New Zealand Garden 40 Years Ago, Janet Blair Learned Spectacular Views Came at a Price
    New Zealand garden An elemental education When she took on her beautiful New Zealand garden 40 years ago, Janet Blair learned spectacular views came at a price. But with clever planting and design she has tamed the harsh southerly winds WORDS CHRISTINE REID PHOTOGRAPHS CLAIRE TAKACS In brief What Large country garden. Where Near Queenstown, New Zealand’s South Island. Size 14 acres. Soil Mainly a thin layer of loam over clay. Climate Extremes of weather; from low of -19ºC in winter to mid 30ºCs in summer. Points of interest The entire garden is Janet Blair’s creation over the past 40 years, and the garden has been given a five-star rating by the New Zealand Gardens Trust as a garden of national significance. Hedges and trees – both deciduous and evergreen – help shelter Janet’s garden as icy winds tear down the valley. 62 New Zealand garden “Gardening is really a partnership between nature and artifice” he influence of designer Russell Page’s Tclassic work The Education of a Gardener is undeniably far-reaching. Janet Blair, who gardens in the magnificent mountain scenery of New Zealand’s South Island, rates it as the book that has inspired her garden making for the past 40 years. Her remarkable garden shows how much she has absorbed of this seminal text and Page’s principles and rules. ‘A panorama and a garden seen together distract from each other. One’s interest is torn between the garden… and the excitement of the distant view… A view, too, usually means wind, and a windy garden is unrewarding,’ writes Page.
    [Show full text]
  • Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Effect of Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Sorbus Cashmirana Hedlund Monog
    INT. J. BIOL. BIOTECH., 9 (1-2): 13-15, 2012. LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF PENTACYCLIC TRITERPENES FROM SORBUS CASHMIRANA HEDLUND MONOG Mehdi Hassan Kazmi1, Sadia Khan1, M. Ashraf 2 1Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. 2Department of Pharmacy the Ismalia University Bahawalpure, Bahawalpure Pakistan ABSTRACT Cashmirol Aand B and sorbinol A and B have been isolated from ethyl acetate soluble fraction of Sorbus cashmirana. Their structures were determined through spectroscopic techniques that give significant activity against enzyme lipoxygenase. Key-words: INTRODUCTION Sorbus cashmiriana Hedlund Monog is a medicinal plant which belongs to the family Rosaceae. It is a tree with a conical growth reach up to 40 feet. There are about 100 species under the genus Sorbus and seven native to the Indo-Pak subcontinent. Sourbus cashmiriana Hedlund, Monog is tree of two seasons one in the spring with lovely pink –tinted flowers and one in the autumn when the leaves are gone and glorious white fruits shine out. A tea made from its bark is used to treat nausea and to cleanse the blood. A bark preparation is also used against heart diseases. The berries are rich in vitamin C and used to cure scurvy (Bhattacharjee, 2003; Perry and Metzger, 1980; Krishna, 1972; Jayaweera, 1982; Krachmal, 1980). The ethanopharmacological and chemotaxonomic importance of the genus Sorbus led us to investigate the chemical constituents of Sorbus cashmiriana. Its methanolic extract showed strong toxicity in a brine shrimp lethality test (McLaughlin et al., 1997; Nie and Honn, 2002). Pharmacological screening of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed strong inhibition against lipoxygenase enzyme.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnopharmacologically Important but Underestimated Genus Sorbus: a Comprehensive Review
    Phytochem Rev (2020) 19:491–526 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-020-09674-9 (0123456789().,-volV)( 0123456789().,-volV) Ethnopharmacologically important but underestimated genus Sorbus: a comprehensive review Agnieszka Sołtys . Agnieszka Galanty . Irma Podolak Received: 21 January 2020 / Accepted: 15 April 2020 / Published online: 28 April 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Sorbus L. sensu lato (Rosaceae family) antidiabetic activity of Sorbus decora and anti- comprises over 250 trees and shrubs growing in the inflammatory activity of Sorbus commixta. Northern Hemisphere. Several Sorbus species have found their way into traditonal materia medica,as Keywords Sorbus Á Folk medicine Á different leaf, bark or fruit preparations have a long- Phytochemistry Á Biological activity standing folk use. Ethnomedicine recommends their use not only in respiratory and gastrointestinal system Abbreviations disorders, but also in rheumatism, cancer or diabetes. AAPH 2,20-Azobis-(2-amidinopropane) Chemical composition of the genus Sorbus has been dihydrochloride studied since 1960s and until now more than 250 ABTS 2,20-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothioazoline-6- compounds have been identified from thirty-eight sulphonic acid) diammonium salt species. The most thoroughly investigated substances ACE Angiotensin converting enzyme are phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolic AChE Acetylcholinesterase acids). Other constituents include triterpenes, sterols, ADH Alcohol dehydrogenase carboxylic acids, coumarins and cyanogenic glyco- ALT Alanine aminotransferase sides. Biological activity studies performed on the AMPK Adenosine-monophosphate-activated representatives of the genus Sorbus have been pre- protein kinase dominantly conducted on extracts prepared with the AST Aspartate transaminase use of different solvents, and more rarely on isolated ATO Arsenic trioxide constituents. The majority of these studies were BChE Butyrylcholinesterase devoted to determination of antioxidant potential of CAT Catalase Sorbus extracts.
    [Show full text]
  • Garden Notes – Spring 2013
    GARDEN NOTES – SPRING 2013 Do you like greens? No, not those you consume but those to be admired, especially at this time of the year. It is virtually impossible to calculate accurately the number of different shades of green displayed by trees and shrubs that one can enjoy at any and particularly at this time of year. Irrespective of whether you are in the countryside looking at mostly native trees within our shores or amongst a collection of exotics from innumerable countries the quantity of greens usually exceeds expectations. Taking a stroll around the arboretum at West Lodge Park, you can be assured that by the time you have completed your stroll you will have seen trees from just about every part of the world. Your notebook will be full, your head will be close to bursting point with plant names and you will hardly be able to wait to tell your friends of your experience and say to them that they must get there too! Let’s assume you commence where you came into the car park in front of the Hotel. Standing alone on the edge is a well developed specimen of a Lime – Tilia Wratislaviensii which has conspicuous limey yellow foliage all over its canopy. A difficult name to pronounce but every tree carries a label which is clearly visible. Walk across the car park with the big mature oak tree on your left down a few steps and a whole panorama of trees awaits your attention. Whilst everything is interesting and has a story of particular note, the collection of Taxodiums – swamp cypresses which are native to Texas, Delaware and up the Mississippi to Missouri are spectacular.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant World Seeds on Facebook and Receive a Free Surprise Packet of Seeds with Your Order
    NEW! PLANT WORLD NEW! CYNOGLOSSUM OFFICINALE SEEDS IMPATIENS ‘BLUE DIAMOND’ 2013 NEW! NEW! THALICTRUM SPHAEROSTACHYUM POTENTILLA ‘HELEN JANE’ NEW! NEW! PRIMULA ‘VICTORIAN SILVER LACE’ MECONOPSIS SUPERBA NEW! NEW! SCABIOSA INCISA PRIMULA VERIS ‘HOSE-IN-HOSE’ www.plant-world-seeds.com Probably the world’s only catalogue selling this year’s fresh seeds! Garden pathways became little rivers, wheelbarrows and buckets filled with rain, and that summed up the ‘summer’ of 2012. Frantic volunteers struggled with an ever-encroaching army of fast-growing annual weeds as they exploded with vigour in the unseasonable wet, threatening to engulf whole beds of our valuable new plants in the nursery and gardens…and so continued the wettest summer ever recorded in Devon, and indeed most of the UK. On the positive side, we collected good seed crops of many plants that actually thrived during this bizarre so-called summer. Some of our new discoveries… Impatiens ‘Blue Diamond’ - The annual London Marathon, to be held on Recently discovered in Tibet, the April 22nd 2012 was looming, so after an first ever, deepest true-blue unexpected spell in Torbay Hospital, Tessa impatiens, perennial in a decided that it would be appropriate if we could conservatory! raise some much needed funds for their rather Primula veris hose-in-hose - This bare Oncology Unit waiting room. And in spite amazing ancient cowslip, recently of still recovering from her serious treatment, re-discovered, has one flower she managed to pull the old Flower Pot man tucked neatly inside the other. around the 26 miles again, and more than Meconopsis superba - What an £3,000 was contributed.
    [Show full text]
  • A Descriptive List of 140 Trees and Large Shrubs That Will Not Exceed an Ultimate Height of 35 Ft
    A DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF 140 TREES AND LARGE SHRUBS THAT WILL NOT EXCEED AN ULTIMATE HEIGHT OF 35 FT. PUBLISHED BY THE CORPORATION OF THE DISTRICT OF WEST VANCOUVER THE WEST VANCOUVER TREE BOOK A DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF 140 TREES AND LARGE SHRUBS THAT WILL NOT EXCEED AN ULTIMATE HEIGHT OF 35 FT PUBLISHED BY THE CORPORATION OF THE DISTRICT OF WEST VANCOUVER THE WEST VANCOUVER TREE BOOK West Vancouver's Tree Book is not a standard manual on how to grow trees and large shrubs. It is unique in that the catalyst was the concern of many residents over the abundance of view and light­ blocking trees in the community. The book's primary objective is to present homeowners of West Vancouver and landscape specialists and nursery personnel with a list of trees and large shrubs that will add beauty to any garden yet not infringe on neighbours' marine views and sunlight. Heinz Berger, Manager, Parks Department, The Corporation of the District of West Vancouver Written and line drawings by: Jay Lazzarin, Parks Department Editorial assistance: Louise Spratley Clive Justice & Christine Sharman, Justice, Webb & Vincent Landscape Architects Ltd. � The Corporation of the Dis trict of West Vancouver, 1980 Copyright Reserved The Corporati on of the District of West Vancouver West Vancouver, British Columbia III THE CONTROVERSY West Vancouver is a seaside communit y. Homes are sited in a narrow, 12 mile length along the mountain slopes, enjoying dramatic marine views. It is also a community with abundant tree coverage. Native trees grow wild along road allowances and lanes, and residents plant trees to match the rural, parklike character of their municipality.
    [Show full text]