Stefan Heidemann Professor of Islamic Studies
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Al-Ruha (Enc. of Islam Entry)
THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF ISLAM NEW EDITION PREPARED BY A NUMBER OF LEADING ORIENTALISTS EDITED BY C.E. BOSWORTH, E. VAN DONZEL, W.P. HEINRICHS AND G. LECOMTE ASSISTED BY PJ. BEARMAN AND MME S. NURIT UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ACADEMIES VOLUME VIII NED — SAM LEIDEN EJ. BRILL 1995 This material is presented solely for non-commercial educational/research purposes. RUFUS AL-AFSISI — AL-RUHA 589 they were noted down by "Rufus and other ancient The monarchy in Edessa had ended ca. 242, af- and modern physicians" (ed. Ullmann, Rufus von fected adversely by the appearance on the scene in the Ephesos, Krankenjournale, Wiesbaden 1978). The editor Near East of the aggressive and expansionist Sasanid tried to prove that the 21 pieces form a unity and that Persian empire and the Roman withdrawal from no other physician than Rufus can be considered as an much of the Mesopotamian countryside, although the author. F. Kudlien (in Clio Medica, xiv [1979], 148-9, Romans and the Byzantines retained dominion over and xv [1981], 137-42) is, however, of a different the city until the Arab invasions. Edessa now became opinion. a major centre for Syriac-language literary activity All these writings show Rufus as an all-round physi- and for Christian religious life, becoming, like most of cian, who deals with many pathological questions and Mesopotamia and Syria, Monophysite in theology who attaches special importance to dietetic prescrip- during the course of the 6th century. When the Arabs tions. As can be inferred from many a remark which appeared, there were in the city a small community of he interwove into his representations, he had strong Nestorians, a Melkite hierarchy and community, and cultural-historical interests. -
The Transformation of Middle Eastern Cities in the 12 Century
Stefan Heidemann, Jena University The Transformation of Middle Eastern Cities in the 12th Century: Financing Urban Renewal The scope of the project1 The 12th century was a period of rapid change in the Middle East. It was a time of renewal as well as completion as the cityscapes’ Islamization came to a head. In Syria and Northern Mesopotamia a vast building program finally transformed the late Roman/early Islamic city of the sixth to the tenth centuries⎯followed by almost two centuries of decline⎯to the prosperous medieval city of the twelfth to sixteenth centuries, which can be still seen in the old towns of modern cities in the Middle East. The majority of the urban populations had become Muslim, and, with the appearance of a strong Muslim constituency, the cities became dominated by Islamic buildings and institutions, such as congregational mosques, schools of higher learning (madrasa), convents for mystics (khanqah), and hospitals. The period prior to the Seljuq conquest of Syria in 1087 witnessed urban decline. The beginning of the urban, political and economic renaissance2, and the extensive Zangid3 1 This chapter of my research project ‘the transformation of the Middle Eastern Cities in the 12th Century’ would not have been possible without the stimulating academic environment created by the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at MIT by invitation of Prof. Nasser Rabbat. Since 2004 this project is supported by the German Research Foundations (DFG) as ‘The New Economic Dynamics in the Zangid and Ayyubid Period’. The extended annotated version of this contribution will appear in Miriam Frenkel and Yaacov Lev (eds.), Charity in the Late Antiquity and Medieval Islam (Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes), Wiesbaden (forthcoming). -
Medieval Bibliography
American Numismatic Society, Summer Graduate Seminar MEDIEVAL NUMISMATIC REFERENCES Robert Wilson Hoge Literature covering the numismatics of the European Middle Ages is vast and disparate. Numerous useful bibliographical sources exist, but finding relevant citations can be challenging. The attached selections provide merely an introduction and partial overview to materials in several areas, along with some observations. They are by no means exhaustive. Frequently encountered acronyms are listed as they occur in alphabetical sequence in place of the authors’ names. Emphasis has been laid on the more general works rather than the extensive specialized literature in periodical sources. Early Medieval and General (BMC) Wroth, Warwick. 1911. Catalogue of the coins of the Vandals, Ostrogoths and Lombards, and of the empires of Thessalonica, Nicaea and Trebizond in the British Museum. London: the Trustees of the British Museum. Very important, a basic collection, although much new information has been learned during the past 100 years. Chautard, Jules Marie Augustin. 1871. Imitations des monnaies au type esterlin frappés en Europe pendant le XIIIe et le XIVe siècle. Nancy: Impression de l'Académie de Stanislas. This work is “ancient” but has not been superceded. Engel, Arthur, and Raymond Serrure. 1891-1905. Traité de numismatique du moyen âge. 3 vols. Paris: E. Leroux. A general introductory handbook on the subject, standard. Grierson, Philip. 1976. Monnaies du Moyen Age. Fribourg: Office du Livre. Grierson, P. 1991. Coins of Medieval Europe. London. These two works (the latter a shorter, English version of the former) constitute an excellent introduction. Grierson was the international “grand master” of Medieval numismatics. Ilisch, Peter. -
Numismatic Public & Mail Bid Sale Monday, November 30, 1992* Hyatt Regency, Dearborn, Michigan
Classical Coins of Exceptional Quality Ancient, Medieval, Foreign & British Coins Numismatic Books Purchase, Sale, Auction & Valuation Regular Price Lists & Auction Catalogues (Complimentary Catalogue Upon Request) Annual Subscription $25/£15 ($351£20 overseas) Contact either our U.S. or u.K. office: (.L\ Seaby Coins ~ Eric J. McFadden, Senior Director 7 Davies Street London WIY ILL, United Kingdom (071) 495·1888, Fax (071) 499·5916 (.L\ Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. ~ Victor England, Senior Director Post Office Box 245 Quarryville, PA 17566·0245 USA (717) 786·4013, Fax (717) 786·7954 INSIDE THE CELATOR ... Vol. 6, No. 11 FEATURES November 1992 6 VQTA PUBLICA: The origins of 'Tfz.e Ce{atoT voting in Rome and the use 01 coins for political purposes Publisher/Editor by Peter Bardy and Bill Whetstone Wayne G. Sayles Office Manager 10 Pixodarus-Alexander affair furnishes Janet Sayles intrigue for a blockbuster movie Page 6 Associate Editor by Mark Rakicic Steven A. Sayles VOTA PUBLICA by Peter 8erdy 14 Turbulent history of the RCCLiaison James L. Meyer and Bill Whetstone Crusades influenced a variety of early coinage types Production Asst. NickPopp by Margaret A. Graff Distribution Asst. 30 Roman coins found at Nineveh C hristine Olson provide evidence of trade Rochelle Olson between rival empires Art by Murray L. Eiland, 11/ Parnell Nelson Tho Co/atar 34 A poetic perspective: (ISSN 1110480986) is an independent joumal Apology for Numismatics published on the lirst by Brian A. Brown day of each month at Page 10 226 Palmer ParKway, Pixodarus-Alexander affair Lodi. Wt. It is circulated intemationally through by Mark Rakicic DEPARTMENTS sUbscriptions and special distributions. -
From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East
REVOLUTIONIZING REVOLUTIONIZING Mark Altaweel and Andrea Squitieri and Andrea Mark Altaweel From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East This book investigates the long-term continuity of large-scale states and empires, and its effect on the Near East’s social fabric, including the fundamental changes that occurred to major social institutions. Its geographical coverage spans, from east to west, modern- day Libya and Egypt to Central Asia, and from north to south, Anatolia to southern Arabia, incorporating modern-day Oman and Yemen. Its temporal coverage spans from the late eighth century BCE to the seventh century CE during the rise of Islam and collapse of the Sasanian Empire. The authors argue that the persistence of large states and empires starting in the eighth/ seventh centuries BCE, which continued for many centuries, led to new socio-political structures and institutions emerging in the Near East. The primary processes that enabled this emergence were large-scale and long-distance movements, or population migrations. These patterns of social developments are analysed under different aspects: settlement patterns, urban structure, material culture, trade, governance, language spread and religion, all pointing at population movement as the main catalyst for social change. This book’s argument Mark Altaweel is framed within a larger theoretical framework termed as ‘universalism’, a theory that explains WORLD A many of the social transformations that happened to societies in the Near East, starting from Andrea Squitieri the Neo-Assyrian period and continuing for centuries. Among other infl uences, the effects of these transformations are today manifested in modern languages, concepts of government, universal religions and monetized and globalized economies. -
Syrian Orthodox from the Mosul Area Snelders, B
Identity and Christian-Muslim interaction : medieval art of the Syrian Orthodox from the Mosul area Snelders, B. Citation Snelders, B. (2010, September 1). Identity and Christian-Muslim interaction : medieval art of the Syrian Orthodox from the Mosul area. Peeters, Leuven. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/15917 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/15917 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). 2. The Syrian Orthodox in their Historical and Artistic Settings 2.1 Northern Mesopotamia and Mosul The blossoming of ‘Syrian Orthodox art’ during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries is mainly attested for Northern Mesopotamia. At the time, Northern Mesopotamia was commonly known as the Jazira (Arabic for ‘island’), a geographic entity encompassing roughly the territory which is located between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, and lies north of Baghdad and south of Lake Van. 1 In ecclesiastical terms, this region is called Athur (Assyria). 2 Early Islamic historians and geographers distinguished three different districts: Diyar Mudar, Diyar Bakr, and Diyar Rabi cah. Today, these districts correspond more or less to eastern Syria, south-eastern Turkey, and northern Iraq, respectively. Mosul was the capital of the Diyar Rabi cah district, which ‘extended north from Takrit along both banks of the Tigris to the tributary Ba caynatha river a few kilometres north of Jazirat ibn cUmar (modern Cizre) and westwards along the southern slopes of the Tur cAbdin as far as the western limits of the Khabur Basin’. -
The Royal Numismatic Society Report on the Session October 2014 – June 2015 Patron, Officers and Council
THE ROYAL NUMISMATIC SOCIETY REPORT ON THE SESSION OCTOBER 2014 – JUNE 2015 PATRON, OFFICERS AND COUNCIL PATRON Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II PRESIDENT Andrew Burnett HON. VICE PRESIDENT – VICE-PRESIDENTS Roger Bland Chris Howgego TREASURER Amelia Dowler c/o/ Dept of Coins and Medals, The British Museum, London WC1B 3DG SECRETARIES Helen Wang Sushma Jansari c/o/ Dept of Coins and Medals, The British Museum, London WC1B 3DG [email protected] LIBRARIAN Robert Thompson c/o The Warburg Institute, Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AB WEBSITE http://royalnumismaticsociety.org EDITOR, THE NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE Mr M.S. Phillips PO Box 348, Biggleswade, Bedfordshire SG18 8EQ EDITOR, SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS Mr K. Lockyear c/o/ Dept of Coins and Medals, The British Museum, London WC1B 3DG NON-OFFICIATING COUNCIL MEMBERS Martin Allen, Robert Bracey, Dario Calomino, Rebecca Darley, Tom Eden, Alexandra Magub, Suzanne Frey-Kupper, Philippa Walton, Hugh Williams THE ROYAL NUMISMATIC SOCIETY ORDINARY MEETINGS, OCT 2014 – JUNE 2015 (including lecture programme) 21 October2014 LECTURE: Niv Horesh, ‘The Great Money Divergence’ 18 November 2014 LECTURE: Jerome Mairat, ‘Iconography of the Coinage of the Gallic Empire’ 16 December 2014 – Presentation of the Medal LECTURE: Roger Bland, ‘What Happened to Gold Coinage in the 3rd Century AD?’ 20 January 2015 LECTURE: Tom Hockenhull, ‘“Stamped all over the king’s head” : defaced pennies and the campaign for women’s suffrage’ 17 February 2015 LECTURE: Keith Rutter, ‘Ancient Sicily: Coins and History’ 17 March 2015 LECTURE: -
Eastern Coins in the Early Modern World Antiquarianism and the Oriental Artifact 1500-1800
EASTERN COINS IN THE EARLY MODERN WORLD ANTIQUARIANISM AND THE ORIENTAL ARTIFACT 1500-1800 TRUJILLO, SPAIN SEPT. 26-29, 2017 ________________________________ ________________________________ Scientific organization: FUNDACIÓN XAVIER SALAS ▪ HERZOG AUGUST Stefan Heidemann and Martin Mulsow BIBLIOTHEK WOLFENBÜTTEL ▪ UNIVERSITÄT HAMBURG ▪ UNIVERSITÄT ERFURT ▪ FOR- SCHUNGSBIBLIOTHEK GOTHA Prof. Dr. Stefan Heidemann Universität Hamburg Asien-Afrika-Institut Edmund-Siemers-Allee 1 (Ost) 20146 Hamburg, Germany +49 40 42838-3181 [email protected] Prof. Dr. Martin Mulsow Gotha Research Centre of the University of Erfurt Schloss Friedenstein 99867 Gotha, Germany +49 361 737-1701 +49 361 737-1709 [email protected] Front page – V. Lastanosa, Museo de las medallas desconocidas españolas (1645). ________________________________ CONTENTS Spanish-German Academic Conversations 3 Aims of the Conference 5 Time Schedule 7 Abstracts (in the Sequence of Presentation) 11 Heidemann / Mulsow - The Objects of Curiosity, Antiquarianism and Study of Oriental Coins 11 Schnapp - The Birth of Archaeological Illustration and the Vision of the East from Ciriaco to Volney 11 Maier Allende / Almagro Gorbea - The Royal Academies of His- tory and Fine Arts and the Antigüedades Árabes de España 12 Cunnally - Figured Islamic Coins in Renaissance Collections 13 Tov - Ottoman Coins, Oriental Studies, and Patronage: the Case of the Breslau Orientalist Andreas Acoluthus (1654-1704) 14 Mulsow - Georg Jacob Kehr on Coins from the East 14 Heidemann - Jacob Georg Christian Adler (1756-1834) and the Sources of his Interest in Oriental Coins 15 Canto García - Arab Antiques, Coins and Collections in Spain: A Long Way 16 Martín Escudero / Nebreda Martín - Casiri, the First Researcher of Andalusian Coins 17 De Callataÿ - Samaritan, Phoenician and Punic Coins in the G. -
Final Social Studies
Minnesota Department of Education May 15, 2004, 9:45 p.m. Minnesota Academic Standards in History and Social Studies HISTORY AND SOCIAL STUDIES If a nation expects to be ignorant and free, in a state of civilization, it expects what never was and never will be . .I know of no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the society but the people themselves. And if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise their control with wholesome discretion, the remedy is not to take it from them, but to inform their discretion by education. - Thomas Jefferson Public education in Minnesota must help students gain the knowledge and skills that are necessary to, in Jefferson’s view, protect and maintain freedom. The Social Studies Standards on the following pages attempt to do just this by specifying the particular knowledge and skills that Minnesota students will be required to learn in the disciplines of U.S. History, World History, Geography, Economics and Civics as required by Minnesota statutes. These standards are written with the recognition that additional academic disciplines, Psychology, Sociology, and Anthropology, have strong traditions of instruction in Minnesota schools. Schools may choose to continue teaching in these academic disciplines as local traditions, interest, and school priorities dictate. 1 Minnesota Department of Education May 15, 2004, 9:45 p.m. Minnesota Academic Standards in History and Social Studies HISTORY What is History? The study of History (Minnesota, U.S., and World) helps students to see how people in other times and places have grappled with the fundamental questions of truth, justice, and personal responsibility, to understand that ideas have real consequences, and to realize that events are shaped both by ideas and the actions of individuals. -
Hall of Fame Inductees Announced at ANA World's Fair of Money®
IMMEDIATE RELEASE: August 19, 2006 CONTACT: Jay Beeton Telephone: 719-482-9864 e-mail: [email protected] Hall of Fame Inductees Announced at ANA World’s Fair of Money® The American Numismatic Association inducted four new enshrines into the Hall of Fame at the World’s Fair of Money Awards Banquet on August 19. Catherine Bullowa-Moore of Philadelphia, Penn., is a respected professional numismatist. She joined the ANA in 1953 and today holds Life Member number 355. A charter member of the Professional Numismatist Guild, Bullowa was a recent recipient of its first 50-year membership certificate. She is a Royal Numismatic Society Fellow, a senior member of the American Society of Appraisers, and holds memberships in the American Numismatic Society, Women in Numismatics (WIN), the New York, Westchester and Philadelphia Coin Clubs as well as a number of regional organizations. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson appointed her to the United States Assay Commission. George J. Fuld is considered the father of Civil War token collecting and an expert on Washington medals and tokens. His authored a Catalog of Patriotic Civil War Tokens, now in its 5th edition and Medallic Portraits of Washington. Fuld is the recipient of numerous ANA awards including the Medal of Merit, Lifetime Achievement Award, and Heath Literary Award. Robert Lovett Jr. (1818-1862) was an engraver and die sinker who created a large number of tokens, store cards, medals, medallions and seals, and, in 1861, the confederate cent. Matthew Rothert (1904-1989) served as president of the American Numismatic Association from 1965-67. It was during his tenure that ANA Headquarters was relocated to Colorado Springs. -
Asia and the World Economy in Historical Perspective
OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 05/08/19, SPi 4 Asia and the World Economy in Historical Perspective Ronald Findlay ‘History, then, is not taken to be predetermined, but within the power of man to shape. And the drama thus conceived is not necessarily tragedy.’1 Gunnar Myrdal, Asian Drama 1. Introduction The Asian world in Myrdal’s study essentially begins in the aftermath of the Second World War with the British withdrawal from their empire in Asia and Indian independence. These ‘initial conditions’ are taken as given without enquiry as to how they came to be what they were. This chapter can be considered as providing the missing historical background to Asian Drama, with the advantage of fifty years of hindsight. For convenience Asia will be divided into four regions: South Asia (what is now India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka); East Asia (China, Korea, and Japan); Southeast Asia (the members of ASEAN from Myanmar to the Philippines) and Central Asia (the area east of China, west of Russia and Iran and north of India and Pakistan). The rest of this chapter is divided into six more sections. Section 2 provides the geographic, demographic, cultural, and political background to Asia over the period from 1000 to 1500. Section 3 describes the patterns of trade between the Asian nations and their overseas and overland contacts with the Middle East and Europe over the same period. Section 4 covers the European intrusion into Asia by the Portuguese Estado da India and the Dutch, English, and French East India Companies from 1500 to 1650, and the impact of the ‘discovery’ of the New World on Asian trade flows and economic systems. -
World History--Part 1. Teacher's Guide [And Student Guide]
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 462 784 EC 308 847 AUTHOR Schaap, Eileen, Ed.; Fresen, Sue, Ed. TITLE World History--Part 1. Teacher's Guide [and Student Guide]. Parallel Alternative Strategies for Students (PASS). INSTITUTION Leon County Schools, Tallahassee, FL. Exceptibnal Student Education. SPONS AGENCY Florida State Dept. of Education, Tallahassee. Bureau of Instructional Support and Community Services. PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 841p.; Course No. 2109310. Part of the Curriculum Improvement Project funded under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Part B. AVAILABLE FROM Florida State Dept. of Education, Div. of Public Schools and Community Education, Bureau of Instructional Support and Community Services, Turlington Bldg., Room 628, 325 West Gaines St., Tallahassee, FL 32399-0400. Tel: 850-488-1879; Fax: 850-487-2679; e-mail: cicbisca.mail.doe.state.fl.us; Web site: http://www.leon.k12.fl.us/public/pass. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom - Learner (051) Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF05/PC34 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Academic Accommodations (Disabilities); *Academic Standards; Curriculum; *Disabilities; Educational Strategies; Enrichment Activities; European History; Greek Civilization; Inclusive Schools; Instructional Materials; Latin American History; Non Western Civilization; Secondary Education; Social Studies; Teaching Guides; *Teaching Methods; Textbooks; Units of Study; World Affairs; *World History IDENTIFIERS *Florida ABSTRACT This teacher's guide and student guide unit contains supplemental readings, activities,