Syllabus for the course on

Transnational Activism, Global Governance, and the EU

LUISS – MIPA and MES

Instructor: Raffaele Marchetti

[email protected]

Academic Year: 2012/2013

This is a joint, but differentiated MIPA-MES course. MIPA students are required to attend sessions 1-5 (I term). MES students are required to attend sessions 1-10 (I and II term).

Course Description: It is now widely recognised that global or transnational civil society plays a significant role in global governance. In the last 30 years, and especially after the end of the Cold War, the presence of civil society organisations (CSOs) in international affairs has become increasingly relevant. They have played a role in agenda setting, international law-making and governance, transnational diplomacy (tracks II and III), and the implementation and monitoring of a number of crucial global issues ranging from trade to development and poverty reduction, from democratic governance to human rights, from peace to the environment, and from security to the information society. CSOs have thus been significant international actors as advocates for policy solutions, service providers, knowledge brokers, or simply watchdogs and monitors of state and intergovernmental actions. This course is divided in two parts: the first part will examine the particular political constellation produced by the combination of institutional backing, socio-economic processes, technological innovation, and the dominance of a specific political ideology within which this global activism has taken place. The second part will examined more closely the relationship between CSOs and European institutions for what concerns the areas of global governance and peacebuilding.

Course Methodology: Classes will consist primarily of seminar discussions, involving both short lectures by the professor and presentations by the students on the topics of the class. All students are expected to read the required literature of each seminar in advance and be ready to engage in a critical discussion with each other and with the instructor. Each seminar will be organized as follows: after the presentation by the instructor of the topic to be discussed, a group of 2-3 students is expected to

1 introduce the discussion, acting collectively as ‘discussion leader’. The discussion leaders will have to outline the main points of the readings thus highlighting questions for class’s discussion. One leader will present the strengths of the readings, the other the weaknesses. Critical remarks on the reading are always welcome. The first seminar, introduced by the instructor, will be used for clarifying the aims of the course and for assembling the discussion groups of the following seminars.

Assessment: The students will be evaluated on the basis of class participation and a written assignment. The student will be expected to participate actively in class discussions, and must be able to discuss the main ideas presented in the required readings. Students will submit one jointly-written case study/strategy paper (2500 words). The paper will have to be submitted by January 4 th for MIPA students, and by June 7 th for MES students.

The final evaluation will thus consist in the aggregation of the single assessments as the following: - Case Study/Strategy paper (60%) - Class presentation (20%) - Participation in class discussion (20%)

ECTS grading Numerical grading in % Description (MES / MIPA) A+ 96 - 100 Outstanding A 91 - 95 Excellent A- 86 - 90 Very good B+ 81 - 85 Good B 76 - 80 B- 71 - 75 Satisfactory C+ 66 - 70 C 61 - 65 Pass C- 56 - 60 Resubmit D < 55 Fail

2 Course Schedule and Readings:

Session 1 The Politics of Norm Change: Transnational Civil Society and Global Politics

Required readings: Finnemore, M., and Sikkink, K. (1998) International Norms Dynamics and Political Change. International Organization 52 (4): 887-917. Price, R. (2003) 'Transnational Civil Society and Advocacy', World Politics 55 (4): 579-607. Tarrow, S. (2001) 'Transnational Politics: Contention and Institutions in International Politics', Annual Review of Political Science 4: 1-20.

Recommended readings: Anheier, H., and Katz, H. (2005) Network Approach to Global Civil Society. In Helmut Anheier, Marlies Glasius and Mary Kaldor (eds.), Global Civil Society Yearbook 2004/5. London: Sage, pp. 206-221. Charnovitz, S. (1997). Two Centuries of Participation: NGOs and International Governance. Michigan Journal of International Law, 18 (2), 183-286. Meyer, J. W., Boli, J., Thomas, G., and Ramirez, F. (1997) World Society and the Nation State. American Journal of Sociology 103 (1): 144-181. Pianta, M., and Marchetti, R. (2007) The Global Justice Movements: The Transnational Dimension. In Donatella della Porta (ed.), The Global Justice Movement: A Cross-National and Transnational Perspective. Boulder, CO: Paradigm, pp. 29-51. Scholte, J. A. (2004) Civil Society and Democratically Accountable Global Governance. Government and Opposition 39 (2): 211-233. Tilly, C. (2001) 'Mechanisms in Political Processes', Annual Review of Political Science 4: 21-41.

Session 2 Global Political Perspectives

Required readings: Held, D., and McGrew, A. (2002) Globalization/Anti-Globalization . Cambridge: Polity, chapter 8. Marchetti, R. (2009) Mapping Alternative Models of Global Politics. International Studies Review 11 (1): 133-156.

Recommended readings : Bhagwati, J. (2002). Coping With Anti-Globalization: A Trilogy of Discontents, Foreign Affairs , Vol. 81(1), Jan-Feb Chandler, David 2001. “The Road to Military Humanitarianism: How the Human Rights NGOs Shaped a New Humanitarian Agenda” Human Rights Quarterly 23 (3): 678-700. Hines, C. (2003) Time to Replace Globalization with Localization. In J. Michie .(ed.). The Handbook of Globalization . Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 395-402. Osterweil, M. (2005) 'Place-based Globalism: Theorizing the Global Justice Movement', Development 48 (2): 23-28. Starr, A., and Adams, J. (2003) Anti-Globalization: The Global Fight for Local Autonomy. New Political Science 25 (1): 19-42.

3 Steger, M. B., & Wilson, E. K. (2012). Anti-Globalization or Alter-Globalization? Mapping the Political Ideology of the Global Justice Movement. International Studies Quarterly, 52 (3), 439-454. Yanacopulos, H., & Smith, M. B. (2008). The Ambivalent Cosmopolitanism of International NGOs. In A. Bebbington, S. Hickey & D. Mitlin (Eds.), Can NGOs Make a Difference? The Challenge of Development Alternatives (pp. 298-315). London: Zed.

Session 3 Cosmopolitan Campaigns

Required readings : Glasius, M. (2002) Expertise in the Cause of Justice: Global Civil Society Influence on the Statute for an International Criminal Court, in H. Anheier, M. Glasius and M. Kaldor (eds.), Global Civil Society 2002 , Oxford: Oxford University Press, 137-168. Van Rooy, A. (1997). The Frontiers of Influence: NGO Lobbying at the 1974 World Food Conference, the 1992 Earth Summit and Beyond. World Development, 25 (1), 93-114.

Recommended readings : Alcalde Villacampa, J..(forth.) International civil society initiatives on arms control. Global Policy Betsill, M. M. (2006). Transnational Actors in International Environmental Politics. In M. M. Betsill, K. Hochstetler & D. Stevis (Eds.), Palgrave Advances in International Environmental Politics (pp. 172-202). Basingstoke: Palgrave. Chen, M. A. (1995). Engendering World Conferences: The International Women’s Movement and the United Nations. Third World Quarterly, 16 , 477-493. Conca, K. (1995). Greening the United Nations: Environmental Organisations and the UN System. Third World Quarterly, 16 (3), 441-447. Donnelly, E. A. (2002) Proclaiming Jubilee: The Debt and Structural Adjustment Network. In Sanjeev Khagram, James V. Riker and Kathryn Sikkink (eds.), Restructuring World Politics: Transnational Social Movements, Networks and Norms. Minneapolis, WIS: university of Minnesota Press, pp. 155-180. Falk, R. (2005) Reforming the United Nations: Global Civil Society Perspectives and Initiatives, in Marlies Glasius, Mary Kaldor and Helmut Anheier (eds.), Global Civil Society 2005/6 , London: Sage, 150-186. Henry, L., Mohan, G., and Yanacopulos, H. (2004) Networks as Transnational Agents of Development. Third World Quarterly 25 (5): 839-855. Klotz, A. (2002). Transnational Activism and Global Transformations: The Anti-Apartheid and Abolitionist Experiences. European Journal of International Relations, 8 (1), 49-76. Pettifor, A. (1998). The Economic Bondage of Debt - and the Birth of a New Movement. New Left Review, 230 , 115-122. Tarrow, S. (2010) 'Outsiders Inside and Insiders Outside: Linking Transnational and Domestic Public Action for Human Rights', Human Rights Review 11 (2): 171-182. Wexler, L. (2003) 'The International Deployment of Shame, Second-Best Responses, and Norm Entrepreneurship: The Campaign to Ban Landmines and the Landmine Ban Treaty', Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law 20 (3): 561-605.

4 Session 4 Alter-globalist Campaigns

Required readings : Della Porta, D., Alcalde, J., Parks, L., and Silva, F. (2010). 'The Effects of Transnational Protests: Some Reflections on 12 Protests Campaigns and More', paper presented at the Conference on Social Movement Outcomes, Geneve. Edelman, M. (2003) International Peasant and Farmers Movements and Networks. In Mary Kaldor, Helmut Anheier and Marlies Glasius (eds.), Global Civil Society 2003. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 185-220.

Recommended readings : Bond, P. (2007) 'Linking below, across and against - World Social Forum weaknesses, global governance gaps and the global justice movements's strategic dilemmas', Development Dialogue (october): 80. Glausius, M., Kaldor, M., and Anheier, H. K. (2003). Social Forum and Anti-War Movement and Regressive Globalisers. from www.opendemocracy.net Evans, P. (2000) Fighting Marginalisation with Transnational Networks: Counter-hegemonic Globalisation. Contemporary Sociology 29: 230-242. Khagram, S. (2002). Restructuring the Global Politics of Development: The Case of India's Narmada Valley Dams. In S. Khagram, J. V. Riker & K. Sikkink (Eds.), Restructuring World Politics. Transnational Social Movements, Networks, and Norms (pp. 206-230). Minneapolis, WIS: Minnesota University Press. Kymlicka, W. (2008). The Internationalization of Minority Rights. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 8 (1), 1-32. Olesen, T. (2004). The Transnational Zapatistas Solidarity Network: An Infrastructure Analysis. Global Networks, 4 (1), 89-107. Parks, L. (2006). 'No Valentine For Bolkestein: a study of the campaign against the draft directive on services in the internal market' , paper presented at the ESPANET conference, Bremen. Smith, J. (2001) 'Globalizing Resistance: The Battle of Seattle and the Future of Social Movements', Mobilization: An International Quarterly 6 (1): 1-19. Teivainen, T. (2002). The World Social Forum and Global Democratisation: Learning from Porto Alegre. Third World Quarterly, 23 (4), 621-632.

Session 5 Relation between CSOs and Political Institutions

Required readings : Clinton, H. R. (2010). Leading Through Civilian Power: Redefining American Diplomacy and Development. Foreign Affairs, 89 (6), 13-24. United Nations. (2004) We the Peoples: Civil Society, the United Nations and Global Governance (No. A/58/817/2004), New York: Report of the Panel of Eminent Persons on United Nations-Civil Society Relations. Commission Cardoso.

Recommended readings : Busby, J. W. (2007). Bono Made Jesse Helms Cry: Jubilee 200, Debt Relief, and Moral Action in International Politics. International Studies Quarterly, 51 (2), 247-275. Henderson, S. L. (2002). Selling Civil Society: Western Aid and the Nongovernmental Organization Sector in Russia. Comparative Political Studies, 35 (March), 139-167.

5 US Dept of State. (2010) Leading Through Civilian Power. The First Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review , Washington, D.C: US Dept of State and USAID. Wang, D. J., & Soule, S. A. (2012). Social Movement Organizational Collaboration: Networks of Learning and the Diffusion of Protest Tactics, 1960–1995. American Journal of Sociology, 117 (6), 1674-1722. Warf, B. (2011). Geographies of Global Internet Censorship. GeoJournal, 76 (1), 1-23.

Session 6 Civil Society in the European Space

Required readings : Della Porta, D. and Caiani, E. (2009) Social Movements and Europeization¸ Oxford: Oxford University Press (chapters 1-2) Eriksen, E. O., & Fossum, J. E. (2003). Democracy through Strong Publics in the European Union? Journal of Common Market Studies, 40 (3), 401–424.

Recommended readings : Anheier, H. (2002). The third sector in Europe: Five theses . London: London School of Economics, Centre on Civil Society (Civil Society Working Paper 12) Closa, C. (2001). Requirements of a European Public Sphere. Civil Society, Self, and the Institutionalization of Citizenship. In K. Eder & B. Giesen (Eds.), European Citizenship between National Legacies and Postnational Projects (pp. 180-203). Oxford: Oxford University Press. De Schutter, O. (2002). Europe in Search of Its Civil Society. European Law Journal, 8 (2), 198- 217. Rumford, C. (2003). European Civil Society or Transnational Social Space? Conceptions of Society in Discourses of EU Citizenship, Governance and the Democratic Deficit: An Emerging Agenda. European Journal of Social Theory, 6 (1), 25-43. Smismans, S. (2003). European Civil Society - Shaped by Discourses and Institutional Interests. European Law Journal, 9 (4), 473-495.

Session 7 Relation between CSOs and European Political Institutions

Required readings : European Commission. (2001). European Governance: A White Paper . Brussels: COM (2001) 428 final Della Porta, D. and Caiani, E. (2009) Social Movements and Europeization¸ Oxford: Oxford University Press (chapters 3-4)

Recommended readings : Armstrong, K. F. (2008). Rediscovering Civil Society: The European Union and the White Paper on Governance. European Law Journal, 8 (1), 102-132. Crook, A. (2002). Listening to Civil Society: What Relationship between the European Commission and NGOs? In U. Rub (Ed.), European Governance (pp. 63-78). London: The Federal Trust. Curtin, D. (2003). Private Interest Representation or Civil Society Deliberation: A Contemporary Dilemma for European Governance. Social and Legal Studies, 12 (1), 55-75.

6 Ruzza, C. (2005). Europe and Civil Society: Movement Coalitions and European Governance . Manchester: Manchester University Press (chapters 1-2-6).

Session 8 EU, CSOs and Global Governance

Required readings : Council of the European Union. (2012). EU Strategic Framework and Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy . Luxembourg (11855/12) European Commission. (2010). European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR). Strategy Paper 2010-2013 . Brussels: C(2010) 2432, 21 April European Commission. (2012). The roots of democracy and sustainable development: Europe's engagement with Civil Society in external relations. Brussels: European Commission, COM(2012) 492 final

Recommended readings : European Commission. (2002). Participation of Non-State Actors in EC Development Policy. Brussels: European Commission, COM(2002) 598 final European Council. (2003). A Secure Europe in a Better World. European Security Strategy . Brussels: Approved by the European Council and drafted under the responsibilities of the EU High Representative Javier Solana European Commission. (2005). Civil Society Dialogue between the EU and Candidate Countries. Brussels: European Commission, COM(2005) 290 final Friedrich, D. (2007). Democratic Aspiration Meets Political Reality: Participation of Organized Civil Society in Selected European Policy Processes. In J. Steffek, C. Kissling & P. Nanz (Eds.), Civil Society Participation in European and Global Governance A Cure for the Democratic Deficit? (pp. 140-165). Basingstoke: Palgrave. European Commission. (2011). Increasing the impact of EU Development Policy: an Agenda for Change . Brussels: European Commission, COM(2011) 637 final Council of the European Union. (2012). Increasing the Impact of EU Development Policy: an Agenda for Change . Brussels: Council of the European Union (3166th FOREIGN AFFAIRS Council meeting, 14 May 2012) Kurki, M. (2011). Governmentality and EU Democracy Promotion: The European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights and the Construction of Democratic Civil Societies. International Political Sociology, 5 , 349-366. Pace, M. (2009). Paradoxes and contradictions in EU democracy promotion in the Mediterranean: the limits of EU normative power. Democratization, 16 (1), 39-58. Santiso, C. (2002). Promoting Democracy by Conditioning Aid? Towards a More Effective EU Development Assistance. Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft (3), 107-133. Sherrington, P. (2000). Shaping the Policy Agenda: Think Tank Activity in the European Union. Global Society, 14 (2), 173-189.

Session 9 EU, CSOs and Peacebuilding

Required readings :

7 European Commission. 2006c. Non-Paper Expanding on the Proposals Contained in the Communication to the European Parliament and the Council on“Strengthening the ENP”: Strengthening the Civil Society Dimension of the ENP. Brussels: Com 2006. 726 Final - 4 December. Richmond, O., Björkdahlb, A., & Kapplerc, S. (2011). The emerging EU peacebuilding framework: confirming or transcending liberal peacebuilding? Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 24 (3), 449-469.

Recommended readings : Bayne, S., & Trolliet, P. (2009). Stocktaking and scoping of the Peacebuilding Partnership. A report for the European Commission - DG RELEX A/2 . Brussels Duke, S., & Courtier, A. (2009). EU Peacebuilding: Concepts, Players and Instruments. The Hague: Centre for the Law of EU External Relations (CLEER WORKING PAPERS 2009/3) European Commission. (2007). The Instrument for Stability. Strategy Paper 2007-2011 . Brussels: European Commission Youngs, R. (2004). Democratic institution-building and conflict resolution: emerging EU approaches. International Peacekeeping, 11 (3), 526-543. Marchetti, R., & Tocci, N. (2011). Redefining EU Engagement with Conflict Society. In R. Marchetti & N. Tocci (Eds.), Civil Society, Ethnic Conflicts, and the Politicization of Human Rights (pp. 181-203). Tokyo: United Nations University Press. Mikhelidze, N., & Pirozzi, N. (2008). Civil Society and Conflict Transformation in Abkhazia, Israel/Palestine, Nagorno-Karabakh, Transnistria and Western Sahara . Roma: IAI, MICROCON Policy Working Paper No. 3 Paris, R. (2002). International peacebuilding and the ‘mission civilisatrice’. Review of International Studies, 28 (4), 637-656. Sardamov, I. (2005). Civil Society’ and the Limits of Democratic Assistance. Government and Opposition, 40 (3), 379-402.

Session 10 The Future of Transnational Activism

Required readings : Bob, C. (2012). The Right Wing and the Clash of World Politics . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (chapter 7). Smith, J., & Wiest, D. (2012). Social Movements in the World-System: The Politics of Crisis and Transformation . New York: Russell Sage Foundation (chapter 6). Tarrow, S., & Della Porta, D. (2005). Globalization, Complex Internationalism, and Transnational Contention. In D. della Porta & S. Tarrow (Eds.), Transnational Protest and Global Activism (pp. 227-246). Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield.

Recommended readings : Busby, J. W. (2010). Moral Movements and Foreign Policy . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Risse, T., Ropp, S. C., & Sikkink, K. (Eds.). (1999). The Power of Human Rights. International Norms and Domestic Change . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Tarrow, S. (2005). The New Transnational Activism . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

8

CSO websites http://www.eplo.org/ http://www.movements.org/ http://mepi.state.gov/mepi/index.html http://www.canvasopedia.org/ Civil Society Contact Group (CSCG) European NGO Confederation for Relief and Development (CONCORD) Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict (GPPAC) Human Rights and Democracy Network (HRDN) Voluntary Organisations in Cooperation in Emergencies (VOICE)

EU Institutions websites

Europa (EU web portal)

European Parliament

• Members • Committees • Plenary • Delegations

European External Action Service

• Instrument for Stability • Peacebuilding Partnership

European Commission

• Directorate General EuropeAid Development and Cooperation (DEVCO) • Directorate General for Enlargement (DG ELARG) • Directorate General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO)

Council of the European Union

• Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) • Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP)

High Representative of the Union for Foreign and Security Policy

9