The President's Annual Report Spring 2007
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The President’s Annual Report Spring 2007 The President’s Annual Report Spring 2007 EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE Report on calendar year 2006, published in Spring 2007 © European University Institute Photograph on page 86 © Mario Mariniello The European Commission supports the EUI through the European Union budget. This publication reflects the views only of the author(s), and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Contents Introduction by the President, Yves Mény 5 Dean of Studies 10 Department of History and Civilization 12 Department of Economics 19 Department of Law 26 Academy of European Law 37 Department of Political and Social Sciences 38 Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies 45 Max Weber Programme 52 Publications 55 Library 81 Historical Archives of the European Union 83 Services 85 High Council 89 Research Council 90 Budget and Finance Committee 91 Funding of the EUI 92 EUROPEAN UNIVERSIT Y INSTITUTe 5 Introduction The European University Institute (EUI) began and Norway. The changes affecting doctoral its life at the Badia Fiesolana in November studies are no less radical. Thirty years ago, 1976, then as now, in the midst of renovation the very concept of a doctoral university work. In those days, a score of administrators, was almost unknown, and defending a thesis thirty researchers and six professors formed often amounted to no more than a single viva an embryonic doctoral university, whose between the doctoral student and their ‘men- future was somewhat uncertain. tor’. Nowadays, post-graduate universities are flourishing all over Europe, offering struc- Thirty years later, we can state with justified tured courses for both national and foreign pride that, thanks to everyone’s efforts, the students. There has been not only a qualitative EUI is thriving. The renovation of the Badia leap, but also a remarkable quantitative one, is nearing completion, and the single build- namely the boom in the number of doctorates ing of 1976 has multiplied into thirteen dif- defended in Europe. ferent sites, scattered around San Domenico di Fiesole; the six professors are now fifty; These structural changes have in turn had there are over one hundred and thirty new an impact on careers and opportunities in researchers each year, and the administrative continental Europe, where economic growth staff is stable at one hundred and twenty-nine is generally low and hence the resources permanent members (to which seventeen allocated to higher education and research contractual agents should be added). New are modest. Despite this unfavourable con- categories have been added to the original text, the EUI’s researchers are well-placed on academic structure with Assistants, Visiting the international labour market, especially in Fellows, Braudel Fellows, Max Weber Fellows, academia, and new opportunities will open Senior Fellows and in particular post-doctoral up as the generation of professors recruited in students, who now number around a hundred the 1960s and 1970s retires en masse. Finally, every year. the technological revolution driven by the internet is introducing new challenges in However, while the Institute is doing well, we hardware, software, working methods, publi- should not allow ourselves to be complacent. cations and networking. Since its inception, the Institute has changed a great deal: six Member States set up a doctoral This new situation has generated the follow- university intended to be ‘European’ in terms ing groups of challenges: of both recruitment and operation. The initial – tougher competition between research and hesitations and reservations explain the choice training centres of a doctoral, rather than an undergraduate, – the enlargement and intellectual reunifica- university: education, especially university tion of Europe education, was regarded as a national affair in – internationalisation which Europe was not supposed to interfere. – career development This also explains the choice of a convention- – the revolution in the methods of dissemi- al international inter-governmental structure nating knowledge. rather than a Community one. Brussels was kept very much on the sidelines. As President of the EUI, I have proposed that all its members face these challenges on By 2006, the political and university landscape the basis of a single strategy: seeking excel- had changed radically: the potential Member lence in all fields. This has sometimes been States had risen from six to twelve, then perceived as a statement of fact whereas it is to fifteen and twenty-five. As of 1 January instead an objective. It falls to us, and to us 2007, twenty-seven states are entitled to rat- alone, to take the steps needed to achieve this ify the Convention setting up the European aim in all fields: teaching and research, as well University Institute. In addition, the Institute as administrative, financial and technological has Association Agreements with Switzerland management. At its inception, the EUI had THE PRESIDENT’S ANNUAL REPORT - SPRING 2007 6 EUROPEAN UNIVERSIT Y INSTITUTE Applications for many handicaps, but also certain compara- and thirty-nine researchers from thirty-seven professorial vacancies 2006; tive advantages that the evolving situation different countries in 2006. Thanks to a con- Candidates by nationality and gender has eroded. We must now all use our skills of tribution from Spain, we have been able to % innovation, adaptation and modernisation to offer places to Latin-American students, but Austria 3 1.8 ensure that the EUI remains at the forefront of the situation remains at a standstill as regards Belgium 9 5.5 Denmark 3 1.8 post-graduate institutions in Europe and the Asia, owing to a lack of grants. Moreover, there Finland 3 1.8 world. It is this leitmotiv that will guide us in is the growing paradox of the EU countries France 10 6.1 our analysis of 2006, especially in the area of which, for political or administrative reasons, Germany 44 26.7 teaching and research. have yet to ratify the Convention setting up the Hungary 2 1.2 EUI. Here again, owing to a lack of resources, Italy 26 15.8 The Netherlands 5 3.0 Teaching the Institute is unable to cater for the expecta- Poland 1 0.6 Overall there has been a slight increase in tions of Czech or Hungarian students wishing Portugal 2 1.2 the number of doctoral applicants in 2006. to study for their doctorate in Florence. Slovenia 1 0.6 However, on one hand there were not suf- Spain 7 4.2 ficient candidates from some countries and On the other hand, there is no problem in Sweden 3 1.8 UK 16 9.7 on the other, the EUI was unable to satisfy the matching supply to demand at the post- Norway 3 1.8 demand from students of non-Member States doctoral level, as the grants funded by the Switzerland 6 3.6 (and thus without a study grant). To coun- European Union are awarded strictly on Australia 1 0.6 ter this, the EUI has made a firm commit- the basis of merit, with no distinction as to Canada 2 1.2 ment to making more information available nationality: seventy-four post-doctoral grants Israel 1 0.6 Macedonia 2 1.2 in countries with more potential applicants including forty for the Max Weber Programme Pakistan 1 0.6 and, for the first time in its history, setting up were awarded for the 2006/7 academic year. USA 14 8.5 a fund—as yet very modest—for non-national In addition there are the Marie Curie grants Total 165 study grants to students who are neither EU and post-doc grants allocated by govern- citizens nor eligible for the grants awarded by ments or private foundations: grants of the Female 27 16 Male 138 84 the Italian Government (destined for students Stint Foundation (Sweden), the Gulbenkian 165 from the Mediterranean basin or non-EU Foundation (Portugal), the Polish Academy of countries of Europe, such as Russia, Ukraine, Science, and the Finnish Academy of Science, Serbia, etc.). bringing the number of post-docs up to around a hundred. These programmes make Despite these restrictions and structural rigid- the EUI probably the largest post-doc centre ity, the EUI managed to recruit one hundred for social sciences in Europe. 8,000,000 External Subventions period 2001 - 2006 7,000,000 Research projects Other activities 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 THE PRESIDENT’S ANNUAL REPORT - SPRING 2007 EUROPEAN UNIVERSIT Y INSTITUTe 7 The number of professors has remained stable Quality can be assessed by a combination of thanks to our active recruitment policy, which criteria such as the recruitment of our gradu- offsets the substantial turnover of academic ates by European universities or the many staff whose contracts are limited to eight prizes obtained in the Institute’s different years. Professor Marimon, Director of the disciplines. Max Weber Programme, took up his post on 1 July while on 1 September Stefano Bartolini External Projects 2006 took over from Helen Wallace as Director of Euro % the Robert Schuman Centre. In 2006, the fol- Private Sponsors 2,042,744 36% lowing professors left the Institute: Professors Public Sponsors 740,467 13% EC Funded Projects 2,838,998 50% Ullrich (Law), Winter and Winand (History), Total 5,622,209 100% Ichino (Economics), and Rhodes (Political and Social Sciences). Professors Franklin (Stein Rokkan Chair), Steinmo and Bauböck (Political and Social Sciences), Guiso (Economics) and Schweitzer Private sponsors 36% (Law) joined us or took up their posts on 1 EC funded projects 51% January 2007. During the year, seven recruit- ment competitions were organised for 2007 and subsequent years. One hundred and sixty- Public sponsors five applications were received, averaging 23.5 13% applicants per post.