Dying for the Faith, Killing for the Faith Brill’S Studies in Intellectual History
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Dying for the Faith, Killing for the Faith Brill’s Studies in Intellectual History General Editor Han van Ruler, Erasmus University Rotterdam Founded by Arjo Vanderjagt Editorial Board C.S. Celenza, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore M. Colish, Yale College J.I. Israel, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton M. Mugnai, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa W. Otten, University of Chicago VOLUME 206 The titles published in this series are listed at www.brill.nl/bsih Dying for the Faith, Killing for the Faith Old-Testament Faith-Warriors (1 and 2 Maccabees) in Historical Perspective Edited by Gabriela Signori LEIDEN • BOSTON 2012 This book was supported by funds made available by the “Cultural Foundation of Integration” Center of Excellence at the University of Konstanz, established in the framework of the German Federal and State Initiative for Excellence. Cover illustration: “Machabei”. Hartmann Schedel, Weltchronik. Kolorierte Gesamtausgabe von 1493. Einleitung und Kommentar von Stephan Füssel, Wetbildverlag, Augsburg 2005, Blatt LXXIXv nach der Ausgabe der Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek in Weimar, Sign. Inc. 119) – (Blatt CXIXv Die sieben schlaffer). This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dying for the faith, killing for the faith : Old-Testament faith-warriors (1 and 2 Maccabees) in historical perspective / edited by Gabriela Signori. p. cm. — (Brill’s studies in intellectual history, ISSN 0920-8607 ; v. 206) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 978-90-04-21105-6 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Bible. O.T. Apocrypha. Maccabees— Criticism, interpretation, etc.—History. I. Signori, Gabriela, 1960– BS1825.52.D95 2011 229’.708303609—dc23 2011034516 ISSN 0920-8607 ISBN 978 90 04 21105 6 (hardback) ISBN 978 90 04 21104 9 (e-book) Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. CONTENTS List of Figures ...................................................................................... vii Notes on Contributors ....................................................................... ix Introduction .......................................................................................... 1 Gabriela Signori ANTIQUITY Martyrdom, Violence, and Immortality: The Origins of a Religious Complex .......................................................................... 39 Jan Assmann The War of the Hasmoneans ............................................................. 61 Kai Trampedach The Veneration of the Maccabean Brothers in Fourth Century Antioch: Religious Competition, Martyrdom, and Innovation ................................................................................ 79 Johannes Hahn The Cult of the Maccabees in the Eastern Orthodox Church ..... 105 Albrecht Berger MIDDLE AGES The Mother and Seven Sons in Late Antique and Medieval Ashkenazi Judaism: Narrative Transformation and Communal Identity ......................................................................... 127 Daniel Joslyn-Siemiatkoski The Maccabees and the Battle of Antioch ....................................... 147 Elizabeth Lapina vi contents Hate Preachers and Religious Warriors: Violence in the Libelli de lite of the Late Eleventh Century ................................ 161 Oliver Münsch The Maccabees As Role Models in the German Order ................ 177 Henrike Lähnemann The Reception of the Books of the Maccabees in the Hussite Reformation ....................................................................... 195 Pavlína Rychterová and Pavel Soukup EARLY MODERN PERIOD The Renaissance of the Maccabees: Old Testament Jews, German Humanists, and the Cult of the Saints in Early Modern Cologne ................................................................... 211 David J. Collins, S.J. On the Path of the Maccabees? The Rhetoric of ‘Holy War’ in the Sermons and Pamphlets of ‘Puritans’ in the Run-up to the English Civil War (1620–1642) ......................................... 247 Andreas Pečar “If to Fall, for Laws, Religion, Liberty, We Fall”: Georg Frideric Handel’s Maccabee Oratorios ....................................................... 267 Daniel Weidner The Reception of an Unread Author: Zacharias Werner’s “Mother of the Maccabees” ........................................................... 285 Gabriel Stoukalov-Pogodin Index of Names .................................................................................... 303 Index of Biblical Citations .................................................................. 309 LIST OF FIGURES Signori 1. Flavius Josephus, Antiquités judaïques, ca. 1483, Paris, BN, ms. franç. 11, fol. 1r (librairie de Blois). ........................... 7 2. Bible abrégée en français, dite Bible de Saint-Jean d’Acre, Paris, BN, Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, RES MS-5211, fol. 339. .... 14 Trampedach 1. Map of the Hasmonean Expansion in Palestine (167–76 B.C.E.). Stuttgarter Bibelatlas, ed. by John Strange, Stuttgart 1989, p. 53. ..................................................................... 63 Berger 1. The Fresco of Sancta Maria Antiqua. Pietro Romanelli and Per Jonas Nordhagen, S. Maria Antiqua (Rome: Istituto poligrafico, 1964), colour table II and p. 53. .............. 110 2. The Seven Maccabees with Eleazar and Solomone. Par. gr. 550 (12th century) fol. 49r. Galavaris, The illustrations, table 90 illus. no. 411. ....................................................................... 112 3. The Martyrdom of the Maccabees. Sin. gr. 339 (12th century), fol. 381v. Galavaris, The illustrations, table 83 illus. no. 392. .................................................................................. 113 Collins 1. “The Seven Maccabee Brothers with Their Mother in the Boiling Cauldron,” in Elias “Marcaeus” Mertz, Dat lyden der hilger Machabeen und afflaes tzo Mauyren bynnen Colen (Cologne: Johann Landen, 1507), A-1-r. ................................... 219 2. “A Holy Woman with Her Cape Spread Protectively,” in Elias “Marcaeus” Mertz, Dat lyden der hilger Machabeen und afflaes tzo Mauyren bynnen Colen (Cologne: Johann Landen, 1507), C-6-v. ..................................................... 220 3. Title Page of the Missale diocesis Coloniensis (Paris: Wolfgang Hopyl, 1520), fol. 5r. ................................................... 224 viii list of figures 4. “The Crucified and the Mater Dolorosa with the Suffering Maccabees in the Cauldron,” in Elias “Marcaeus” Mertz, Sent Salomoen martyr myt seven kynden maccabeen figuren der smertz ind druck Marie ind lyden yrs kindes Jesis (Cologne: Johannes Landen, 1517), 4. .......................................................... 226 5. “The Maccabees Dismembered with Christ Nailed to the Cross,” in Elias “Marcaeus” Mertz, Sent Salomoen martyr myt seven kynden maccabeen figuren der smertz ind druck Marie ind lyden yrs kindes Jesis (Cologne: Johannes Landen, 1517), 31. ......................................................................................... 227 6. “The Maccabees before King Antiochus IV,” from the Makkabäer-Handschrift des Helias Mertz, Cologne, DDB ms 271, fol. 3v. ...................................................................... 236 Weidner 1. Music sample 1 .............................................................................. 273 2. Music sample 2 .............................................................................. 274 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Jan Assmann, Dr. Phil. (1965), retired from the Chair of Egyptology at Heidelberg University and is since 2005 Honorary Professor of Cul- tural and Religious Studies at Constance. He has published on ancient Egyptian religion, literature and history, on cultural theory (“cultural memory”), history of religion (“monotheism and cosmotheism”), the reception of Egypt in European tradition, literary theory and historical anthropology. Albrecht Berger, Dr. Phil. (1988), has been professor of Byzantine Studies at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität of Munich since 2003. He has published extensively on the urban topography of Byzantine Constantinople and also edited various hagiographical texts, such as the Lifes of Gregorios of Agrigentum (1995), Mamas of Kaisareia (2002), and Gregentios of Taphar (2006). He currently works, as the member of a research group, on the new edition of the 14th-century Church History of Nikephoros Kallistou Xanthopoulos. David J. Collins, S.J., Ph.D. (2004), Northwestern University (Evan- ston, Illinois), is an Associate Professor of medieval history at George- town University. He has published extensively on the cult of the saints and Renaissance humanism in Germany, including the book Reform- ing Saints: Saints’ Lives and Their Authors in Germany, 1470–1530 (Oxford 2008). His current research evaluates notions of Europe’s dis- enchantment through investigations of late medieval and early mod- ern debates over learned