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Development in Sail Boat Using “T” Shaped Hydrofoil

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Development in Sail Boat Using “T” Shaped Hydrofoil International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 6, June 2018, pp. 548–554, Article ID: IJMET_09_06_063 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJMET?Volume=9&Issue=6 ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed DEVELOPMENT IN SAIL BOAT USING “T” SHAPED HYDROFOIL Ganesan. T and C. Sadhasivam Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA ABSTRACT There are various developments in the marine vehicles in various stages. One among this development is the Hydrofoil. These hydrofoils are wing like structure similar to that of the aeroplane wings. This wing like structure is fitted under the hull of the boat to levitate the hull above the surface of the water. These hydrofoils differ in size and shape according to the size of the marine vehicle. Hydrofoil is made up of light weight material so that it doesn’t add more weight to the marine vehicle. This hydrofoil attached under the hull provides a lift to the vehicle travelling at a considerable speed. This lift provided by the hydrofoil facilitate reduction in the drag force, frictional force and other resisting forces prevailing during the hull in contact with the water surface. This lifting of the hull can provide increase in the speed and fuel economy. The foil which is fixed under the hull of the marine vehicle is in the form of inverted ‘T’. At a certain speed the water contacting the hydrofoil is deflected downwards through a certain angle called Attack angel. This attack angle is calculated by l/d ratio, more the value of l/d ratio provides more lift. This attack angle is responsible for the lift of the hull. This deflection causes high pressure at bottom surface and low pressure at to surface of the foil. This pressure difference is accomplished by velocity difference. The lifting force eventually balances the weight of the vehicle, so that after a certain point the hydrofoil doesn’t lift out of the water and remain equilibrium. We have achieved the speed which we have aimed earlier by lifting the hull of the boat and also increased the speed of the boat up to 20%. Keywords: Aerofoil, Attack angle, l/d ratio, Pressure, Velocity, T foils Cite this Article: Ganesan.T and C. Sadhasivam, Development in Sail boat using “T” shaped Hydrofoil, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(6), 2018, pp. 548–554 http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJMET?Volume=9&Issue=6 1. INTRODUCTION This development in sail boat by using the hydrofoil at the bottom of the boat helps to lift the hull of the boat from the surface of the water. By lifting the boat from the surface of the water helps to increase the speed of the boat by reducing the friction. A hydrofoil is a specialized version of the aerofoil that is manufactured to work in water. The word Aerofoil actually http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMET 548 [email protected] Development in Sail boat using “T” shaped Hydrofoil refers to the shape of the structure, rather than the structure itself. Hydrofoils are similar in appearance to aerofoils used by planes. The principle of the hydrofoil travelling through the water and supporting the hull is as almost like as that of the wing that travelling through the air and supporting the Plane. It uses Bernoulli's principles of hydraulics to make Associate in nursing force. This force has 2 elements; the perpendicular element to the direction of motion is named raise (L) and parallel component to motion is named drag (D). The magnitude relation L/D is a crucial performance characteristic for aerofoils. The upper this magnitude relation is, higher the performance of the control surface. Most aerofoils need a positive angle of attack to get a raise, however cambered aerofoils will generate raise at a zero angle of attack. The sail boat used the wood material to manoeuvre it in an excellent speed. So our project proves that hydrofoils help the sail boat to move a great speed by lifting the hull of the boat from the surface of the water. And this will not cause any damage to the body of the boat and the efficiency is increased by reducing the fuel consumption. This project will be proved by undergoing various testing process. William P .Carl’s [1] the Carl XCH-4 "Canard" hydrofoil was a U.S. Navy test boat in the 50s. His idea was to design a hydro craft. It had a seaplane type hull supported by two sets of foils forward, and a single strut and foil a ft. and also it hasR-985 aircraft engines with two- bladed controllable pitch propellers 8 ft. in diameter provided the trust to carry this crafts to the highest speed attained since those achieved by Alexander Graham Bell’s HD-4. In the year of 1953, trials were made with CARL XCH-4, the crafts were designed speed of 65 mph was exceeded in three to four foot waves. Even though the watercraft was successful, the craft has two external turbine which may get failure due to any external objects and the seating capacity is very less when comparing to its weight. Boeing’s [2] concept is to develop a passenger boat which travelling at high speed. The Boeing 929 Jetfoil is the name for a water jet-propelled hydrofoil design by Boeing. Boeing began adapting many systems used in jet airplanes for hydro foils. Boeing launched its first water jet-propelled hydro foil in April 1974 by using a large propeller in it and this may lead to increase in weight of the boat. This water machine was a successful one, the size and seating capacity issues were overcome by Boeing’s model. The machine has more seating capacity and powerful engine of a less size when compared to Carl’s model. Donald Campbell’s [3] Bluebird k7 is a jet engine hydroplane designed by Donald Campbell to set a world’s water speed record in the latter half of 1950’s and 60’s. It was the first successful jet powered hydroplane which is fitted with four hydrofoils under the hull and it was launched in January 1955. This hydroplane failed in control, when it reaches a speed of 480 kmph. This was taken place in the year of 1967. In that previous inventor model the boat is for the transportation of the passengers but, here it’s for the sports. As in the previous models the levitation of the hull of the boat is not too high, this facilitates better control of speed and safe. 1.1. 2-D Design Sail boat using hydrofoil is the one of the development in the field of marine vehicles. This sail boat is fitted with the hydrofoil under the bottom of the sail boat this helps to stilts the hull of the boat on the surface of the water. So that this helps to move the boat with great speed and damage to the aquatic species is also reduced. There are various types of hulls are used in the market, but we have designed the hull which is suitable to fix the hydrofoil at the bottom of the boat. And the hydrofoil which is used in this project is the “T” shaped hydrofoils at both front and back of the hull. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMET 549 [email protected] Ganesan.T and C. Sadhasivam Figure 1.1 Top view 1.2. Design specifications The sail boat is 4.15 m long from the edge of the hull in the front to the end. And the height of the boat along with the hydrofoil is 1.65 m. The breadth of the sail boat is about 1.5 m. the distance between the two hydrofoils is 3 m. and the length of the hydrofoil along with the stilts is 1.5 m, the length of the foil which helps to stilts the boat from the water is 0.6 m. and the propeller is placed at the back of the boat which is fitted along with the hydrofoil. Figure 1.2 3-D Design 2. PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS PROBLEM: From the past century the research on the hydro vehicles and hydrofoils are being in progress. May inventors and experts proposed many concepts on hydrofoils. Various authors have expressed their views on the hydrofoils and tested their models. Many have used U shaped hydrofoils in their concepts. This U shaped hydrofoils just act as hull of the boat, by using this type of hydrofoil the levitation of boats hull is achieved but the expected speed is not achieved. SOLUTION: Here in our project we are using the T shaped hydrofoils which are attached to the hull of the boat. The foil is just like aero foil where the foil angles pushed the air downwards and lift the plane, similar way the hydro foil pushes the water downwards and lift the hull of the boat. This decreases the drag and increases the fuel economy and speed. In addition to this we are actuating the hydrofoils using the electrical actuators. This facilitates the sailor to control the foil manually and can use this when he requires high speed and at unwanted situation the foil remains un-functional and act as a conventional boat. 3. FABRICATIONS The sail boat and the hydrofoil are fixed after fabricating boat and the hydrofoil separately. And the sail boat is fabricated first according to the dimensions with the suitable material.
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