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Ocorrência Natural De Espécies Virais E Avaliação De Potenciais Hospedeiras Experimentais De Begomovírus, Potyvírus E Tospovírus Em Plantas Arbóreas E Berinjela

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Ocorrência Natural De Espécies Virais E Avaliação De Potenciais Hospedeiras Experimentais De Begomovírus, Potyvírus E Tospovírus Em Plantas Arbóreas E Berinjela UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE FITOPATOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM FITOPATOLOGIA Ocorrência natural de espécies virais e avaliação de potenciais hospedeiras experimentais de begomovírus, potyvírus e tospovírus em plantas arbóreas e berinjela (Solanum melongena) JOSIANE GOULART BATISTA Brasília - DF 2014 JOSIANE GOULART BATISTA Ocorrência natural de espécies virais e avaliação de potenciais hospedeiras experimentais de begomovírus, potyvírus e tospovírus em plantas arbóreas e berinjela (Solanum melongena) Dissertação apresentada à Universidade de Brasília como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Fitopatologia pelo Programa de Pós Graduação em Fitopatologia. Orientadora Dra. Rita de Cássia Pereira Carvalho BRASÍLIA DISTRITO FEDERAL – BRASIL 2014 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Batista, G.J. Ocorrência natural de espécies virais e avaliação de potenciais hospedeiras experimentais de begomovírus, potyvírus e tospovírus em plantas arbóreas e berinjela (Solanum melongena). Josiane Goulart Batista. Brasília, 2014 Número de páginas p.: 183 Dissertação de mestrado - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília. Árvores, berinjela, vírus, resistência. I. Universidade de Brasília. PPG/FIT. II. Título. Ocorrência natural de espécies virais e avaliação de potenciais hospedeiras experimentais de begomovírus, potyvírus e tospovírus em plantas arbóreas e berinjela (Solanum melongena). Dedico a minha pequena linda filha Giovanna, ao meu pai Josvaldo, a minha mãe Nelma, ao meu namorado Airton, a minha irmã Josefa e minha sobrinha Júlia. Agradecimentos A Deus. Aos meus pais Josvaldo e Nelma. A minha filha Giovanna, minha irmã Josefa e minha sobrinha Júlia. A minha orientadora Professora Rita de Cássia. Aos colegas do mestrado e doutorado Rafaela, Marcella, Juliana, Ícaro, Cléia, Monica, Elenice, William, Rayane e Nédio. Aos colegas de laboratório Lucas, Niquele, Jamili, Antônio e André. Em especial a minha amiga Caroline Amaral. Aos funcionários do departamento de fitopatologia Ângela, José Ribamar, José Cezar, Arlindo, Arenildo, Maria e Mariza Sanchez. Aos professores: Juvenil Cares, Cléber Furlanetto, Helson Mário, Adalberto Café, Carlos Uesugi, Renato Resende, Alice Nagata, Robert Miller, José Carmine Dianese e Luís Eduardo Blum. Aos funcionários da Estação Experimental de Biologia, Fábio Fonseca, Evandro Calixto, Aldo Mostardi, Franscisco e Olinda. A Embrapa Hortaliças e aos seus pesquisadores Miguel Michereff, Leonardo Silva Boiteux, Antônio Moita e especialmente Mirtes Freitas Lima. Ao funcionário Lúcio Flávio. As estagiárias da Embrapa Hortaliças Camila, Larissa e Deborah. A Companhia Urbanizadora da Nova Capital (NOVACAP) e seu funcionário Silomar. Ao Centro de Referência em Áreas Degradadas do Bioma Cerrado (CRAD-UnB), e as estagiárias Omolabake e Mikaela. A pesquisadora da Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia Simone Ribeiro. Ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Fitopatologia da Universidade de Brasília. Ao Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) pela bolsa. Trabalho realizado junto ao Departamento de Fitopatologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade de Brasília, sob orientação da Dra. Rita de Cássia Pereira Carvalho. Apoio Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e da Embrapa Hortaliças. Ocorrência natural de espécies virais e avaliação de potenciais hospedeiras experimentais de begomovírus, potyvírus e tospovírus em plantas arbóreas e berinjela (Solanum melongena). JOSIANE GOULART BATISTA DISSERTAÇÃO APROVADA em __/__/____por: ___________________________________________ Dra. Mirtes Freitas Lima (Examinador Externo) ___________________________________________ Dr. Leonardo Silva Boiteux (Examinador Externo) ___________________________________________ Dra. Rita de Cássia Pereira Carvalho (Orientadora Presidente) BRASÍLIA – DISTRITO FEDERAL BRASIL 2014 Sumário Resumo Geral .......................................................................................................................1 General Abstract ..................................................................................................................2 Introdução Geral ..................................................................................................................4 Objetivos Gerais ...................................................................................................................8 Objetivos Específicos ............................................................................................................8 CAPÍTULO 1 ........................................................................................................................9 Revisão Bibliográfica ............................................................................................................9 1. Espécies florestais e arbóreas ....................................................................................9 1.2. Dados econômicos florestais: Mundo ............................................................... 10 1.3. Dados econômicos florestais: Brasil ................................................................. 12 1.4. Produtos Florestais Madeireiros (PFMs) e Produtos Florestais Não Madeireiros (PFNMs) e arbóreos ............................................................................... 13 1.4.1. Produtos Florestais Não Madeireiros - PFNMs e arbóreos ......................... 14 1.4.1.1. Algumas aplicações de Produtos Florestais Não Madeireiros .................. 15 1.5. Espécies destinadas à arborização - importância e indicações ........................ 18 1.5.1. Espécies indicadas para arborização: Brasil e Distrito Federal .................. 19 1.5.2. Problemas enfrentados com pragas e patógenos na arborização ................ 20 1.6. Patologia Florestal ............................................................................................ 21 1.6.1. Vírus em espécies florestais e arbóreas: exemplos de estudos clássicos ...... 22 1.6.2. Vírus em espécies arbóreas no Brasil ........................................................... 31 1.6.3. Vírus em espécies florestais e arbóreas: metagenômica ............................... 32 2. Berinjela (Solanum melongena) taxonomia, centro de origem e importância econômica. ....................................................................................................................... 34 2.1. Patógenos da berinjela .......................................................................................... 35 3. Espécies virais importantes para a família Solanaceae .......................................... 36 3.1. Família Geminiviridae ........................................................................................... 37 3.1.1. Gênero Begomovirus .......................................................................................... 38 3.1.1.1. Gênero Begomovirus e o seu vetor Bemisia tabaci.......................................... 41 3.2. Família Potyviridae ............................................................................................ 43 3.2.1. Gênero Potyvirus ............................................................................................ 45 3.3. Família Bunyaviridae ........................................................................................ 47 3.3.1. Gênero Tospovirus ......................................................................................... 47 I 3.4. Gênero Cucumovirus ......................................................................................... 50 3.5. Gênero Tobamovirus ......................................................................................... 51 CAPÍTULO 2 ...................................................................................................................... 52 Prospecção de vírus em espécies arbóreas ......................................................................... 52 Resumo ............................................................................................................................ 52 Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 53 1. Introdução ................................................................................................................ 54 2. Material e Métodos .................................................................................................. 59 2.1. Locais de realização dos experimentos ............................................................. 59 2.2. Locais de coletas das amostras ......................................................................... 59 2.3. Espécies virais avaliadas ................................................................................... 64 2.4. Métodos de detecção ......................................................................................... 64 2.4.1. Método Sorológico - Dot Blot ........................................................................ 64 2.4.2. Método Molecular: PCR ............................................................................... 65 2.4.2.1. Extração de DNA ....................................................................................... 65 2.4.2.2. Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) .................................................. 66 3. Resultados ...............................................................................................................
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