Tephrosia villosa LC Taxonomic Authority: (L.) Pers.  Global Assessment  Regional Assessment Region: Global  Endemic to region Synonyms Common Names Cracca incana Roxb. Cracca villosa L. Cracca villosa L. Cracca villosa var. in (Roxb.) Hiern Galega hirta Buch.-Ham. Galega incana Roxb. Galega villosa (L.) L. Tephrosia ehrenbergi Schweinf. Tephrosia hirta (Buch.-Ham.) Benth. Tephrosia incana (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Tephrosia incana (Roxb.) Sweet Tephrosia incana sensu R.Vig. Tephrosia incana (Roxb.) Wight Tephrosia villosa var. Thwaites Tephrosia villosa var. (Roxb.) Baker

Upper Level Taxonomy Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA Order: FABALES Family: LEGUMINOSAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name:  Plant Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority:

General Information Distribution Tephrosia villosa is has a large distribution found in southern and eastern Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and across southern Asia.

Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 1500  Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: Lower limit: 0  Antarctic Map Status: Depth  Australasian Upper limit:  Neotropical Lower limit:  Oceanian Depth Zones  Palearctic  Shallow photic  Bathyl  Hadal  Indomalayan  Photic  Abyssal  Nearctic Population There is no data relating to the population size of this taxon.

Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology T. villosa is found in Acacia-Commiphora bushland and woodland, in shrubland, on disturbed ground and on shallow sandy soils.

System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative  Terrestrial  Freshwater  Nomadic  Congregatory/Dispersive  Is the species a wild relative of a crop?  Marine  Migratory  Altitudinally migrant

Growth From Definition Annual An annual plant, also termed a Therophyte Forb or Herb Biennial or perennial herbacaeous plant, also termed a Hemicryptophyte

Threats There are no major threats to this taxon at present.

Past Present Future 13 None    Conservation Measures T. villosa is known to occur within the protected areas network and seeds have been collected by the Millennium Seed Bank Project as an method of ex situ conservation.

In Place Needed 3 Research actions   3.2 Population numbers and range   3.3 Biology and Ecology   3.4 Habitat status   3.5 Threats   3.6 Uses and harvest levels   3.7 Cultural relevance   3.8 Conservation measures   3.9 Trends/Monitoring   4 Habitat and site-based actions   4.4 Protected areas   5 Species-based actions   5.7 Ex situ conservation actions   5.7.2 Genome resource bank  

Countries of Occurrence

PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly Extinct Presence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only Angola             Egypt             Ethiopia             India             Andhra Pradesh             Arunachal Pradesh             Assam             Bihar             Dadra-Nagar-Haveli             Daman             Delhi             Diu             Goa             Gujarat             Haryana             Himachal Pradesh             Jammu-Kashmir             Karnataka             Kerala             Maharashtra             Manipur             Meghalaya             Mizoram             Nagaland             Orissa             Pondicherry             Punjab             Rajasthan             Sikkim             Tamil Nadu             Tripura             Uttar Pradesh             West Bengal             Indonesia             Bali             Kenya             Madagascar             Mayotte             Mozambique             Myanmar             Namibia             Nepal             Pakistan             Saudi Arabia             Somalia             South Africa             Sri Lanka             Sudan             Tanzania             Uganda             Yemen             Zimbabwe            

General Habitats Score Description Major Importance 2 Savanna 1 Suitable Unset 2.1 Savanna - Dry 1 Suitable Unset 3 Shrubland 1 Suitable Unset 3.5 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry 1 Suitable Unset

Species Utilisation  Species is not utilised at all

Purpose / Type of Use Subsistence National International 13. Pets/display animals, horticulture    16. Other    3. Medicine - human and veterinary    4. Poisons    5. Manufacturing chemicals    6. Other chemicals    T. villosa is widely used in traditional Indian medicine as a treatment for dropsy and diabetes (Madhusudhana et al 2010). The taxon is also used as green manure in Coffee and Hevea Plantations and as a shade crop in Tea Plantations (Bosma and de Haas 1983).

Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: CITES status: Not listed

IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment: (using 2001 IUCN system) Least Concern (LC)

Red List Criteria: Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX species): Is the species Possibly Extinct?  Possibly Extinct Candidate?  Rationale for the Red List Assessment T. villosa is a widespread species found in southern and eastern Africa, southern Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. The taxon is known to occur within the protected areas network and seeds have been collected and stored by the Millennium Seed Bank Project. T. Villosa is not considered to be specifically threatened or in decline at present. The species does not meet any threatened criteria therefore a rating of Least Concern is given. Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment:  Genuine Change  Nongenuine Change  No Change  Genuine (recent)  New information  Taxonomy  Same category  Genuine (since first assessment)  Knowledge of Criteria  Criteria Revisio and criteria  Incorrect data used  Other  Same category but previously change in criteria Current Population Trend: Stable Date of Assessment: 28/07/2010 Name(s) of the Assessor(s): Alice Groom Evaluator(s): Notes:

% population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: Severely Fragmented: Number of Mature Individuals:

Bibliography Madhusudhanaa, J.; Narahari Reddya, R.V.; B. A. K. Reddya; Reddyab, V; Gunasekara, D.; Devillec, A. & Bodoc, B., 2010, Two new geranyl flavanones from Tephrosia villosa, Natural Product Research8, 743 - 749, , Bosman, M.T.M. And de Haas, A.J.P., 1983, A revision of the genus Tephrosia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) in Malesia, Blumea 28 (2): 421-487., , , Du Puy, D.J. et al., 2002, The Leguminosae of Madagascar. RBG Kew., , , Gillett,J.B.; Polhill, R.M. & Verdcourt, B., 1971, Flora of Tropical East Africa - Leguminosae: subfamily Papilionoideae, , Royal Botanical Garden's, Kew International Legume Database Information Service, 2005, Tephrosia villosa12/05/2010, , , Lebrun, J.P. & Stork, A. L., 2008, Tropical African Flowering Plants - Fabaceae (Desmondium-Zornia), Vol 4, , Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la ville de Geneve, Geneve, Sanjappa,M., 1992, Legumes of India. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra..., , ,