DOCSLIB.ORG

Ahtna Place Names Lists

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Ahtna Place Names Lists 2nd edition revised Alaska Native Language Center • 2008 Cover-Kari, Ahtna 20090304.indd 1 3/9/09 10:55:27 AM About the cover: Detail from the 1887 map drawn in 1885 by the Henry T. Allen U.S. Military expedition. The four maps with Allen’s report are considered to be the most accurate maps of Alaska prior to the professional mapping by the USGS in the late 1890s. Of the map work Allen (1887:117) wrote: I think the great care taken to secure a correct description of the rivers will be of great value... Each of the maps is constructed on a polyconic projection from tables published by the Bureau of Navigation, and ... on a scale if 1 inch to 4 miles. The considerable detail on Copper River geography and on Ahtna sites, trails and place names is recognition of and tribute to the “shared knowledge” and geographic expertise of the Ahtna leadership who facilitated the travel of the three-member expedition. Copper spear point tsedi k’a’ found off Turnagain Arm in the 1990s. Since Copper River was the main regional source for copper is possible this was made by an Ahtna copper smith. From the Anchorage Museum of History and Art. Photo by Walter VanHorn. Cover design by Dixon Jones, UAF Rasmuson Library Ahtna Place Names Lists 2nd edition revised by James Kari Alaska Native Language Center 2008 © 2008 Alaska Native Language Center 2nd edition revised, 350 copies 1983 1st edition published by Copper River Native Association & Alaska Native Language Center, 1st printing 500 copies ISBN no. 978-1-55500-099-8 contact: James Kari Professor of Linguistics, Emeritus Alaska Native Language Center University of Alaska, Fairbanks [email protected] Table of Contents List of Maps and Tables .................................................. iii Format, Symbols and Abbreviations ........................................ iv Acknowledgments ...................................................... vi Ahtna Athabascan place names as shared knowledge ............................1 References ............................................................33 0 Extraterritorial and regional ...............................................37 1 Copper River, mouth to Chitina ............................................38 2 Chitina River ..........................................................44 3 Copper River above Chitina to Klutina River . 49 4 Tonsina River ..........................................................59 5 Klutina River ..........................................................63 6 Copper River, Klutina River to Tazlina River . 67 7 Tazlina River ..........................................................68 8 Matanuska River, headwaters to mouth ......................................76 9 Copper River, Tazlina River to Gulkana River mouth ..........................83 10 Gulkana River .........................................................85 11 Delta River ...........................................................103 12 Copper River, Gulkana to Gakona River and up Gakona River . 105 13 Copper River, Gakona River to Chistochina River and up Chistochina River . 108 14 Copper River, Chistochina to Slana River . 114 15 Slana River ...........................................................117 16 Tok River ............................................................124 17 Upper Copper River above Slana River .....................................129 18 Nabesna River, Chisana River, White River . 132 19 Nenana River, Healy area to headwaters ....................................135 20 Susitna River, headwaters to Devil Canyon . 141 Map 1. The Ahtna language area ..................................................3 Map 2. Distribution of Ahtna place names ..........................................4 Map 3. Nine career travel maps ...................................................6 Map 4. 1981 sketch map by Jake Tansy of Upper Susitna River area . 8 Map 5. Two sets of Ahtna place name clusters ......................................26 Map 6. Guide to drainage sections and numbers . 36 Table 1. Chronology of sources with numbers of Ahtna place names ....................... 9 Table 2. Summary of Ahtna-origin names as official names on USGS maps . 10 Table 3. Chronology of sources pertaining to Matanuska River & Tazlina Lake-River trails . 11 Table 4. Summary of Ahtna place names data by drainage in 1983, 2004 and 2008 . 13 Table 5. Analyzability of Ahtna place names .......................................14 Table 6. Some patterns of Ahtna place name content . 16 Table 7. Landscape terms NOT common in Ahtna place names . 18 Table 8. Landscape and toponymic structures in Ahtna . 19-22 Table 9. Ahtna riverine directional structure . 23 Table 10. Riverine directionals in place names . 27 Format, Symbols and Abbreviations A. Sample of entry format no. Ahtna place name map name or location ‘literal translation’ (A> = Ahtna-origin name) 91.1 Tsedi Na' A> Chitina River 'copper river' 61.5133, -144.2926 [1] Wrangell 1839, Allen 1887:22.deLaguna 1970:4; Orth:Indian name meaning "copper river" reported by Dall (1870, p. 272) who spelled it "Chechitno" and "Chetchitno." 92 Tsedi Cae'e mouth of Chitina River 'copper mouth' 61.5126, -144.3961 [1] 93 Saghani T'ox Na' first ck on S bank 'raven nest creek' 61.4991, -144.3512 [3-AB] 94 Saghani T'ox mt at first ck on S bank 'raven nest' 61.4941, -144.3293 [2-AB] 95 Hwyii Detaani Bene' lake 1063 NE of Strelna Lake 'pond inside lake' 61.535, -144.2147 [2-AB] latitude, longitude [2-AB] = sources for name, comments on name name salience & initials of Ahtna source B. General abbreviations XX marked for further questions N, S, E,W north, south east west mi mile ck creek mt mountain sth. something (c’- indefinite prefix) C. Ahtna place name entry conventions: [....] transliterated or reconstructed place name (name not re-elicited) “...” spelled as quoted from source (...) word that is used optionally: Tek'ez'aann Ghatgge ('En) dialects: C Central, L Lower, W Western, U Upper, M Mentasta languages: D Dena’ina, MT Middle Tanana, Tc Tanacross, UT Upper Tanana D. Map name and location conventions: “Fish Creek” locally used unofficial name “long” triangulation point on USGS maps > official name that derives from an Ahtna or other Athabascan place name or from a Native personal name: A> Tanada Lake n.k. location of feature is not known E. Literal translation conventions: ‘....’ literal translation within single quotes “...” interpretive translation (folk etymology) by Ahtna speaker (no literal translation) ‘?... initial ? = possible or speculative translation ‘...?...’ untranslatable word or morpheme within the name iv ‘...’, or ‘...’ name with two possible translations ‘....~’ ellipsis, missing stem in place names; lit. translation is approximate or speculative opaque morphemes, not translatable by speakers and that do not seem to match with other morphemes in Ahtna inventory F. Ahtna speakers as sources and place name salience *See speakers’ initials as listed in Acknowledgments below 3-JMc obscure name reported by Jim McKinley. percentage of 2208 names 0 name not known (name is absent, transliterated or inferred) 22 = .09% 1 well-known names; 589 = 27% 2 locally known names; 1313 = 59% 3 obscure names, known by some experts; 284 = 13% PIC Jack John Justin and James Kari discussing place names at Jack’s Upper Nabesna cabin in September of 1981. Photo by Robert John Jr. using Jack’s Polaroid camera. v Acknowledgments I thank all of the Ahtna speakers and the other Athabascan speakers who have contributed names to the lists in this report. Listed here by dialect area are 110 persons who are sources of names and locational information either with Frederica deLaguna (1954-1968), Constance West (1973), Holly Reckord (1973-1975) or myself (since 1974). Perhaps another fifty Ahtna persons (most of whom are unnamed) have contributed Ahtna place names (to Allen, various USGS geologists and others). Therefore about 160 speakers of Ahtna or of neighboring Athabascan languages have contributed names and locations that are presented in this 2008 edition of Ahtna Place Names Lists. *Note: Initials of speakers who cited as sources for names, e.g.: [2-AB] Lower Ahtna: Jim McKinley (JMc), Fannie Shtienfield, Andy Brown (AB), Frank Billum (FB), John Billum (JB), Walter Charley (WC), Mildred Buck, Wallya Hobson (WH), Mollie Billum, Maggie Eskilida, Bacili George (BG), Bob Marshall (BM), Henry Bell, Etta Bell, Adam Bell. Also with deLaguna or West: Tenas Charley, Douglas Billum, Mary Ann Billum, Rena Jacomet Central Ahtna: Martha Jackson, Fred Ewan (FE), Markle Ewan Sr., Nancy George, Harry Johns Sr., Sophie Lincoln (SL), Louis Lincoln, Ruth Johns , Ben Neeley (BN), Hazel Neeley, Alice Gene, Buster Gene, Jack Tyone, Jim Tyone (JTy), Nick Tyone, Andrew Stickwan, Elsie Stickwan, Frank Stickwan, (FS), Pete Stickwan, Danny Ewan, Eileen Ewan, Harding Ewan, Oscar Ewan, Pete Ewan, Stella Ewan, Annie Tyone, Maggie Joe, Frank Hobson, Betty Tyone, Mamie Charley, Andy Tyone, Fred Sinyon, Stewart Nickolai, Markle Pete (MP), Virginia Pete, Nick Jackson, Tenas Jack, Jeannie Maxim, Annie Ewan. Also with deLaguna or West: Arthur Jackson, Tony Jackson, Grandma McKinley, Oscar Craig, Copper Center Pete, James Sinyon Upper Ahtna: Katie John (KJ), Fred John Sr. (FJ), Kate Sanford, Jack John Justin (JJJ), Bell Joe (BJ), Adam Sanford (AS), Frank Sanford, Johnny Nickolai, Howard Sanford, Huston Sanford, Ruby Sinyon, Laura Hancock, Paul Sinyon, Gene Henry (GH), Molly Galbreath, Lena Charley, Jerry Charley, Doris Charles, Lillian Boston, Wilson Justin. Also
Recommended publications
  • Upper Tanana Ethnographic Overview and Assessment, Wrangell St

    Upper Tanana Ethnographic Overview and Assessment, Wrangell St

    Technical Paper No. 325 Upper Tanana Ethnographic Overview and Assessment, Wrangell St. Elias National Park and Preserve by Terry L. Haynes and William E. Simeone July 2007 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Symbols and Abbreviations The following symbols and abbreviations, and others approved for the Système International d'Unités (SI), are used without definition in the following reports by the Divisions of Sport Fish and of Commercial Fisheries: Fishery Manuscripts, Fishery Data Series Reports, Fishery Management Reports, and Special Publications. All others, including deviations from definitions listed below, are noted in the text at first mention, as well as in the titles or footnotes of tables, and in figure or figure captions. Weights and measures (metric) General Measures (fisheries) centimeter cm Alaska Administrative fork length FL deciliter dL Code AAC mideye-to-fork MEF gram g all commonly accepted mideye-to-tail-fork METF hectare ha abbreviations e.g., Mr., Mrs., standard length SL kilogram kg AM, PM, etc. total length TL kilometer km all commonly accepted liter L professional titles e.g., Dr., Ph.D., Mathematics, statistics meter m R.N., etc. all standard mathematical milliliter mL at @ signs, symbols and millimeter mm compass directions: abbreviations east E alternate hypothesis HA Weights and measures (English) north N base of natural logarithm e cubic feet per second ft3/s south S catch per unit effort CPUE foot ft west W coefficient of variation CV gallon gal copyright © common test statistics (F, t, χ2, etc.) inch in corporate suffixes: confidence interval CI mile mi Company Co. correlation coefficient nautical mile nmi Corporation Corp.
  • Strategies of Language Revitalization in Alignment with Native Pedagogical Forms: Examples from Ahtna Alaska

    Strategies of Language Revitalization in Alignment with Native Pedagogical Forms: Examples from Ahtna Alaska

    Strategies of Language Revitalization in Alignment with Native Pedagogical Forms: Examples from Ahtna Alaska Greg Holt Swarthmore College 2004 Language and the sacred are indivisible. The earth and all its appearances and expressions exist in names and stories and prayers and spells. -N. Scott Momaday (1995) “Sacred Places” in Aboriginal Voices 2 (1):29 0.0 Introduction Michael Krauss, director of the Alaska Native Languages Center (ANLC) for thirty years, has compiled data to predict that 90% of the world’s 6,000- 7,000 languages will be moribund or dead in next 100 years (Krauss, 1992; 7).* This erosion of global cultural diversity is occurring through the spread of closed or restricted political, economic, and religious institutions which reward homogenization and subtractive cultural assimilation.1 This model of integration does not allow for the full participation of multiple cultures in one society but rather requires the complete eradication of non- majority cultures. Using language shift as a measure, it is clear that current rates of cultural assimilation far outstrip any seen before in human history. In Alaska, groups and individuals are working against this trend, but until recently programs have been few. In the bilingual education programs that do exist, English speaking Native Alaskan children often learn kinship terms, color names, and seasonal * First I would like to thank all the people in Alaska who welcomed me and helped me develop these ideas, especially Siri Tuttle. Also, I thank my professors and readers at Swarthmore College for all they’ve taught me, David Harrison and Ted Fernald. Finally, for all their support, encouragement, and years of debating such topics, Timothy Colman, Steve Holt, Elena Cuffari, Milena Velis, Wolfgang Rougle, and Elizabeth Koerber for the computer during desperate times.
  • A Brief History of Archiving in Language Documentation, with an Annotated Bibliography

    A Brief History of Archiving in Language Documentation, with an Annotated Bibliography

    Vol. 10 (2016), pp. 411–457 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc http://hdl.handle.net/10125/24714 Revised Version Received: 19 April 2016 Series: Emergent Use and Conceptualization of Language Archives Michael Alvarez Shepard, Gary Holton & Ryan Henke (eds.) A Brief History of Archiving in Language Documentation, with an Annotated Bibliography Ryan E. Henke University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Andrea L. Berez-Kroeker University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa We survey the history of practices, theories, and trends in archiving for the pur- poses of language documentation and endangered language conservation. We identify four major periods in the history of such archiving. First, a period from before the time of Boas and Sapir until the early 1990s, in which analog materials were collected and deposited into physical repositories that were not easily acces- sible to many researchers or speaker communities. A second period began in the 1990s, when increased attention to language endangerment and the development of modern documentary linguistics engendered a renewed and redefined focus on archiving and an embrace of digital technology. A third period took shape in the early twenty-first century, where technological advancements and efforts to develop standards of practice met with important critiques. Finally, in the cur- rent period, conversations have arisen toward participatory models for archiving, which break traditional boundaries to expand the audiences and uses for archives while involving speaker communities directly in the archival process. Following the article, we provide an annotated bibliography of 85 publications from the literature surrounding archiving in documentary linguistics. This bibliography contains cornerstone contributions to theory and practice, and it also includes pieces that embody conversations representative of particular historical periods.
  • The Phonology and Morphology of the Tanacross Athabaskan Language

    The Phonology and Morphology of the Tanacross Athabaskan Language

    The Phonology and Morphology of the Tanacross Athabaskan Language Item Type Thesis Authors Holton, Gary Publisher University of California Ph.D. dissertation Download date 29/09/2021 10:31:02 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/6806 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara The Phonology and Morphology of the Tanacross Athabaskan Language A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics by Gary Holton Committee in charge: Professor Marianne Mithun, Chairperson Professor Wallace Chafe Professor Susanna Cumming Professor Michael Krauss August 2000 The dissertation of Gary Holton is approved _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Committee Chairperson August 2000 ii August 1, 2000 Copyright by Gary Holton 2000 iii VITA October 12, 1964 — born — Norfolk, Virginia 1986 — B.S., mathematics, University of Alaska Fairbanks 1987 — M.S., mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 1997 — M.A., linguistics, University of California, Santa Barbara APPOINTMENTS 1999 — Assistant Professor of Linguistics, Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks PUBLICATIONS 1999. Categoriality of property words in a switch-adjective language. Linguistic Typology 3(3).341-60. 1997. Grammatical Relations in Tobelo. Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara. 1996. Bibliography of Language and Language Use in North and Central Maluku. (Southeast Asia Paper no. 40). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Center for Southeast Asian Studies. SELECTED PRESENTATIONS 2000. Tone and intonation in Tanacross. Workshop on Athabaskan Prosody, June 9, Moricetown, B.C. 1999. Remarks on Tanacross tone. Alaska Anthropological Association, April 1-3. Fairbanks, Alaska. 1998. Acoustic correlates of the fortis/lenis distinction in Tanacross fricatives.
  • CURRICULUM VITAE for JAMES KARI September, 2018

    CURRICULUM VITAE for JAMES KARI September, 2018

    1 CURRICULUM VITAE FOR JAMES KARI September, 2018 BIOGRAPHICAL James M. Kari Business address: Dena=inaq= Titaztunt 1089 Bruhn Rd. Fairbanks, AK 99709 E-mail: [email protected] Federal DUNS number: 189991792, Alaska Business License No. 982354 EDUCATION Ph.D., University of New Mexico (Curriculum & Instruction and Linguistics), 1973 Doctoral dissertation: Navajo Verb Prefix Phonology (diss. advisors: Stanley Newman, Bruce Rigsby, Robert Young, Ken Hale; 1976 Garland Press book, regularly used as text on Navajo linguistics at several universities) M.A.T., Reed College (Teaching English), 1969 U. S. Peace Corps, Teacher of English as a Foreign Language, Bafra Lisesi, Bafra, Turkey, 1966-68 B.A., University of California at Los Angeles (English), 1966 Professional certification: general secondary teaching credential (English) in California and Oregon Languages: Field work: Navajo (1970), Dena'ina (1972), Ahtna (1973), Deg Hit=an (Ingalik) (1974), Holikachuk (1975), Babine-Witsu Wit'en (1975), Koyukon (1977), Lower Tanana (1980), Tanacross (1983), Upper Tanana (1985), Middle Tanana (1990) Speaking: Dena’ina, Ahtna, Lower Tanana; some Turkish EMPLOYMENT Research consultant on Dene languages and resource materials, business name Dena’inaq’ Titaztunt, 1997 Professor of Linguistics, Emeritus, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 1997 Professor of Linguistics, Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 1993-97 Associate Professor of Linguistics, Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska, 1982-1993 Assistant Professor
  • 2003 July-Dec ID

    2003 July-Dec ID

    ACTIVITIES REPORT — J ANUARY 2004 COVERING THE PERIOD JULY – DECEMBER 2003 In 2003 the Yukon Native Language Centre con- tinued to expand its programming reach. YNLC staff responded to a growing number of requests for train- ing and other assistance both within and outside the Yukon as the Centre becomes increasingly recognized as a model for native language teaching and learning. The Centre also continued to work towards its goal of increased vis- ibility and accessibility by upgrading its website technology to enable users anywhere in the world to download Yukon language materials for their own use. A highlight of the second half of 2003 was the approval of funding by the Gov- ernment of Yukon for several new trainee positions in the schools. This is a major achievement for which Centre staff and Yukon native language teachers have worked very hard. Another highlight was the start-up of a native language and culture pro- gram at Selkirk Elementary School in Whitehorse for grades 4 to 7, taught by Dor- othy Bellerose. In August the Centre was once again a co-sponsor of a Gwich’in Language and Liturgy session held in Fairbanks, Alaska. The Centre is also very proud of the invitation extended to Southern Tutchone language specialist Margaret Workman by Tokyo University of Foreign Studies in Japan. Margaret was invited to attend a conference on Athabaskan language revital- Participants in the October 2003 Certificate training session. YNLC Activities Report, July-December 2003 1 ization because of the importance of her contribution to this field. Such international recognition brings honour not only to Margaret but to all Yukon First Nations people working for the preservation of their languages.
  • Not in Our Smokehouse!

    Not in Our Smokehouse!

    NOT IN OUR SMOKEHOUSE! FIRST ALASKANS INSTITUTE ELDERS & YOUTH CONFERENCE OCTOBER 12-14, 2015 2015 Elders and Youth Conference Dena’ina Civic & Convention Center in Anchorage, Alaska Aang – Awa’ahdah aandaa’laxsa’a’ch’t – Cama’i – Chin’an Gu Nin Yu – Enaa Neenyo – Paġlagivsigiñ – Ts’lm’wii’amhaw – Quyana Tailuci – Quyakamsi Tagilghiisi – Daneyosh – Nakhwal’in Shoo Ihłii – Quyana Taaluten – Tats Gwiik – Tsen’ii, Shign’ahdal – Ugheli Nanghal’aeni – Waqaa – Yak’ei Haat Yigoode’e – Yuxudz Yuxogh Srigisddheyh Go Ninuxdatl – Thank You For Coming First Alaskans Institute is so honored to host the 32nd statewide convening! The concept for our theme “Not in Our Smokehouse!” was first put forward by village youth, and represents the protection and love we feel for our peoples and our Alaska Native Ways of Life. Our ‘smokehouse’ is like our bodies, our minds, and our spirits when cared for; what is created within nourishes us, our families, and our communities. While you are here, we encourage you to feed the fire inside, be open to new ideas, build new skills, and develop relationships with old and new friends from across our beautiful homelands! Together, we honor our Ancestors as we use the strength, love, creativity, innovation, and knowledge they endowed us with, to help one another and to advance our cultures into perpetuity. We ask that during these sessions, you really focus on what you are feeling, learning, and experiencing so that throughout the conference and beyond you can bring these cultural strengths, tools, and insights with you. We thank you ahead of time for your thoughtful participation in the dialogues, because no matter the age, our Native peoples always have such good knowledge to share.
  • 2011 Graduation

    2011 Graduation

    ACTIVITIES REPORT — JULY 2011 COVERING THE PERIOD JANUARY–JUNE 2011 2011 Graduation Yukon College graduation on Saturday, June 4, was an inspiring and hugely-attended event recognizing students who completed courses in nearly every program area of the College. YNLC's Linda Harvey and Gwich'in Elder Ruth Welsh were on stage to present Certificates to Jocelyn Skookum and Alma Wrixon, our 2011 graduates. Both are Northern Tutchone instructors from the Little Salmon Carmacks First Nation in Carmacks, Yukon. They worked hard over several years to accomplish their educational goals, Alma teaching Northern Tutchone in Tantalus School and Jocelyn teaching separate classes for adults and small children in the First Nation's community-based language program. Both ladies acknowledge the linguistic, cultural, and personal support they have received along the way from their mentors, especially Agnes Charlie, Evelyn Skookum, May Roberts, and Grace Wheeler. These fluent speakers have been outstanding 2011 Graduates Alma Wrixon and Jocelyn Skookum with YNLC staff Anne Ranigler, Jo-Anne Johnson, Linda Harvey, André Bourcier and Elder Ruth Welsh YNLC Activities Report, January - June, 2011 1 advocates for the Northern Tutchone language in Carmacks for many years. YNLC is proud of this year's graduates and thanks them for their great dedication to teaching the Northern Tutchone language. Dr. André Bourcier We are also proud to announce that our colleague André Bourcier successfully defended his doctoral dissertation at Université Laval on June 21, 2011. The Quebec City event was broadcast via video-conference so that one committee member could participate from Fairbanks, Alaska, and André's family and friends could observe the proceedings Dr.
  • Ahtna Knowledge of Long-Term Changes in Salmon Runs in The

    Ahtna Knowledge of Long-Term Changes in Salmon Runs in The

    Technical Paper No. 324 Ahtna Knowledge of Long-Term Changes in Salmon Runs in the Upper Copper River Drainage, Alaska Final Report for Study 04-553 USFWS Office of Subsistence Management Fishery Information Service Division by William E. Simeone and Erica McCall Valentine, with Siri Tuttle in collaboration with the Mentasta Tribal Council Cheesh’Na Tribal Council Gulkana Tribal Council Tazlina Tribal Council August 2007 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Symbols and Abbreviations The following symbols and abbreviations, and others approved for the Système International d'Unités (SI), are used without definition in the following reports by the Divisions of Sport Fish and of Commercial Fisheries: Fishery Manuscripts, Fishery Data Series Reports, Fishery Management Reports, and Special Publications. All others, including deviations from definitions listed below, are noted in the text at first mention, as well as in the titles or footnotes of tables, and in figure or figure captions. Weights and measures (metric) General Measures (fisheries) centimeter cm Alaska Administrative fork length FL deciliter dL Code AAC mideye-to-fork MEF gram g all commonly accepted mideye-to-tail-fork METF hectare ha abbreviations e.g., Mr., Mrs., standard length SL kilogram kg AM, PM, etc. total length TL kilometer km all commonly accepted liter L professional titles e.g., Dr., Ph.D., Mathematics, statistics meter m R.N., etc. all standard mathematical milliliter mL at @ signs, symbols and millimeter mm compass directions: abbreviations east E alternate hypothesis HA Weights and measures (English) north N base of natural logarithm e cubic feet per second ft3/s south S catch per unit effort CPUE foot ft west W coefficient of variation CV gallon gal copyright © common test statistics (F, t, χ2, etc.) inch in corporate suffixes: confidence interval CI mile mi Company Co.
  • Appendix A, Annotated Bibliography of Non-Native History and Culture Of

    Appendix A, Annotated Bibliography of Non-Native History and Culture Of

    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve Copper Center, Alaska For the Love of Freedom Miners, Trappers, Hunting Guides, and Homesteaders: An Ethnographic Overview and Assessment Appendix A: Annotated Bibliography of Non-Native History and Culture of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve Compiled by David J. Krupa DJK Research and Consulting, Traverse City, MI Incorporating excerpts from: T. Haynes and W. Simeone, Upper Tanana Ethnographic Overview and Assessment, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve: Annotated Bibliography, and R. Lahoff, T. Thornton, and D. Deur, Yakutat Tlingit Ethnographic Overview and Assessment, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve: Annotated Bibliography 2018 Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve PO Box 439/Mile 106.8 Richardson Highway Copper Center, AK 99573 www.nps.gov/wrst Completed under a contract between DJK Research and Consulting and the National Park Service, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. Note: The contractor completed work on this annotated bibliography in May 2015. It has been edited for publication as an appendix to For the Love of Freedom – Miners, Trappers, Hunting Guides, and Homesteaders: An Ethnographic Overview and Assessment. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This annotated bibliography of the non-Native people associated with Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve was prepared as the first phase of a larger project to produce an Ethnographic Overview and Assessment (EOA) of the non-Native culture
  • Copper River Native Places River Native Copper Mission Statement

    Copper River Native Places River Native Copper Mission Statement

    U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management BLM Alaska Technical Report 56 BLM/AK/ST-05/023+8100+050 December 2005 Copper River Native Places A report on culturally important places to Alaska Native tribes in Southcentral Alaska Dr. James Kari and Dr. Siri Tuttle Alaska U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMMENT Mission Statement The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) sustains the health, diversity and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations. Author Dr. James Kari is a professor emeritus of The Alaska Native Language Center, Fairbanks. Siri Tuttle is an Assistant Professor of Linguistics at The Alaska Native Language Center, Fairbanks. Cover Ahtna caribou hunting camp on the Delta River in 1898. From Mendenhall 1900: Plate XXI-A. Technical Reports Technical Reports issued by the Bureau of Land Management-Alaska present the results of research, studies, investigations, literature searches, testing, are similar endeavors on a variety of scientific and technical subjects. The results presented are final, or a summation and analysis of data at an intermedi- ate point in a long-term research project and have received objective review by peers in the authorʼs field. Reports are available while supplies last from BLM External Affairs, 222 West 7th Avenue, #13, Anchorage, Alaska 99513 (907) 271-5555 and from the Juneau Minerals Information Center, 100 Savikko Road, Mayflower Island, Douglas, AK 99824, (907) 364-1553. Copies are also available for inspection at the Alaska Resource Library and Information Service (Anchorage), the United States Department of the Interior Resources Library in Washington D.C., various libraries of the University of Alaska, the BLM National Business Center Library (Denver), and other selected locations.
  • Central Copper River Region, Alaska

    Central Copper River Region, Alaska

    A, Economic Geology, 48 Series Professional Paper NO. 41 B, Descriptive Geology, 60 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR GEOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL COPPER RIVER REGION, ALASKA WALTER C. XENDENHALL GOVERNMENT PRINTIKG OFFICE 1905 CONTENTS. Page. Letter of transmittal ...................................................................... 9 Introduction .............................................................................. 11 Organization and itinerary ................................................................. 13 Geography ............................................................................... 16 Chugach Mountains ............................................................... 17 Wrangell hlou~itains............................................................. 17 Alaska Range .................................................................... 19 Interior valley .................................................................... 19 Copper River and its tributaries ................................................... 20 Relations of geography to settlement ...................................................... 22 Geology .................................................................................. Geologic summary .................................................................... Description of formations ............................................................. Dadina schists .................................................................... Occurrence and