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Determination of Indicators of Malabar Trevally (Carangoides Malabaricus) (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in the Waters of Hormozgan Province (Oman Sea and Persian Gulf)

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Determination of Indicators of Malabar Trevally (Carangoides Malabaricus) (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in the Waters of Hormozgan Province (Oman Sea and Persian Gulf) 13 (1) 215-220, Spring 2021 Journal of Animal Environment (AEJ) Journal homepage: http://www.aejournal.ir Original Research Paper Determination of Indicators of Malabar trevally (Carangoides malabaricus) (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in the waters of Hormozgan Province (Oman Sea and Persian Gulf) GholamReza Bam 1, Ehsan Kamrani*2, Farhad Kaymaram 1, Shahla Jamili 3, 1 Seyed Mohammad Reza Fatemi 1 Department of Marine Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran 1 Iran Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research and Training Organization, Tehran, Iran Key Words Abstract Food diet, Introduction: This study was conducted to feeding behavior of the Malabar trevally Persian Gulf and (Carangoides malabaricusin( in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. This study was Oman Sea The Malabar Trevally conducted on the diet of the Malabar trevally (C. malabaricus) in the Persian Gulf and (Carangoides Malabaricus) Oman Sea (Hormozgan province) for 12 months from December 2016 to November 2016. Materials & Methods: Sampling was done with trawl nets and expected nets. 438 specimens of the Malabar trevally (C. malabaricus) were selected for dietary examination. Result: Results of descriptive bioassay data indicated that the maximum total length was 365 mm (in May) and the minimum total length was 140 mm (in September) and the maximum weight was 534.5 g and minimum was 57.8 g. During the study period, the mean total fish length was 261 ± 18.41 mm and the mean fish weight was 191.78 25 25.35 g. The GASI index showed a peak feeding in June. Gastric emptying index (CV) for this species was 62.33% during the study, which can be said to be a relatively small fish. Conclusion: In terms of the type of food eaten, due to the volume of digested fish, Leognathus sp. Encrasicholina punctifer fish is considered to be the staple food for the Malabar trevally. Shrimp can be eaten as a side dish, and other varieties eaten as squid and crab can be considered as a random meal. * Corresponding Author’s email: [email protected] Received: 7 January 2020; Reviewed: 30 March 2020; Revised: 22 April 2020; Accepted: 11 May 2020 (DOI): 10.22034/aej.2020.133342 فصلنامه علمی محیطزیست جانوری، سال 13، شماره 1، بهار Journal of Animal Environment, Vol. 13, No. 1, Spring 2021 1400 مقاله پژوهشی تعیین شاخصهای غذایی ماهی گیش خال سفید Carangoides malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801( در آبهای استان هرمزگان )دریای عمان و خلیج فارس( غﻻمرضا بام1، احسان کامرانی2*، فرهاد کیمرام1، شهﻻ جمیلی3، سیدمحمدرضا فاطمی1 1 گروه بیولوژی دریا، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسﻻمی، تهران، ایران 2 گروه شیﻻت، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران 3 موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیﻻتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران کلمات کلیدی چکیده رژیم غذایی Carangoides malabaricus مقدمه: این مطالعه بهمنظورتعيين رژیم غذایی ماهی گيش خالسفيد ) ( در آبهای خليج فارس و دریای خلیج فارس و دریای عمان ماهی گیش خال سفید عمان )استان هرمزگان( بهمدت 12 ماه از آذر ماه 1395 تا آبان ماه 1396 انجام شده است. Carangoides malabaricus مواد و روشها: نمونهبرداری با تورهای ترال و تور انتظاری انجام شد. جهت بررسی رژیم غذایی، 438 نمونه از گونه گيش خال سفيد )C. malabaricus( انتخاب شد. نتایج: نتایج دادههای توصيفی زیستسنجی ماهی مذکور نشان داد که حداکثر طول کل 365ميلیمتر )در اردیبهشت ماه( وحداقل طول کل 140ميلیمتر )در شهریور ماه( و همچنين حداکثر ميزان وزن 5/534 گرم و حداقل آن 8/57 گرم بود. در طول دوره مورد بررسی ميانگين طول کل ماهيان 41/18±261 ميلیمتر و ميانگين وزن ماهيان 35/25±78/191گرم بود. شاخص GASI نشان داد اوج تغذیه این گونه در خرداد ماه است. ميزان شاخص تهی بودن معده )CV(، برای این گونه در طول تحقيق 33/62% بهدست آمد که میتوان گفت این ماهی یك ماهی نسبتاً کم خور است. نتيجهگيری و بحث: از نظر نوع غذای خورده شده، با توجه به حجم ماهيان هضم شده، ماهی کالروموتو بهعنوان غذای اصلی برای گيش خال سفيد محسوب میشود. ميگو را میتوان بهعنوان غذای فرعی و بقيه گونههای خورده شده که عبارت بودند از اسکویيد و خرچنگ را میتوان بهعنوان غذای تصادفی مطرح کرد. * پست الکترونیکی نویسنده مسئول: [email protected] تاریخ دریافت: 17 دی 1398؛ تاریخ داوری: 11 فروردین 1399؛ تاریخ اصﻻح: 3 اردیبهشت 1399؛ تاریخ پذیرش: 22 اردیبهشت 1399 (DOI): 10.22034/aej.2021.133342 215 بام و همکاران .Bam et al مقدمه گیش خال سفید )C. malabaricus( يكي از گونههاي خانواده گیش ماهیان )Carangidae( بوده و در آبهاي ايران يكي از ماهیان خلیج فارس و درياي عمان محسوب مي شود )شكل 1(. گیش خال سفید اندازهاي متوسط داشته و به فراواني در دستههاي بزرگ و در عمق 140-30 متري در بسترهاي سنگي و مرجاني زندگي ميكند )Benjamin و Cayetano، 2000(. اين ماهي در نواحي ساحلي و نزديک مناطق صخرهاي زندگي و تولیدمثل مينمايند )Fischer و Bianchi، 1984(.اين گونه در برابر تﻻطم كم آب مقاوم بودهودستههاي افراد شکل 1: نمایی از سطح جانبی ماهی گیش خال سفید )C. malabaricus( جوان در سواحل شني كم عمق جمع ميشوند ولي در سنین باﻻتر به صورت انفرادي ديده ميشوند )Lin و Shao، 1999(. گیش خال سفید مواد و روشها رفتار تهاجمي ندارد و گوشتخوار پﻻژيک است )Randall و همكاران، نمونهها بهصورت ماهانه از آذر 1395 تا آبان 1396 از صیادان 1997(. تغذيه در مرحله اولیه زندگي از ﻻرو ماهیان و سختپوستان محلي كه صید آنها در آبهاي استان هرمزگان )خلیج فارس و درياي Mysids Krill پﻻنكتوني و پﻻژيکكوچکمانند و و در بالغین از سرپايان عمان( از جاسک، كوه مبارک، سلخ و بندر لنگه با تور ترال و گوشگیر شامل ماهي مركب، انواع ماهي و سختپوستان گزارش شده است انجام شده بود بهطور تصادفي تهیه شد. در هر ماه تعداد 30 تا 50 عدد Sakri ) و همكاران، 2003(. انتخاب هر نوع رژيم غذايي توسط موجود ماهي مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. در اين تحقیق اطﻻعات زيستسنجي زنده با فراواني آن نوع غذا در محیط، میزان فراواني و انتخاب آن توسط ماهي مذكور بهشرح زير انجام شد: طول كل )از ابتداي پوزه تا انتهاي موجود زنده مرتبط مي باشد عﻻوه بر اين نرخ تغذيه به عوامل متعددي باله دمي ماهي(، طول چنگالي )از ابتداي پوزه تا انتهاي فرورفتگي باله مانند بستر، فصل، تراكم موجودات مورد تغذيه، نحوه صید و جنسیت دمي ماهي(، به میليمتر و با دقت 1 میليمتر اندازهگیري شد. وزن Colomine Prejs بستگي دارد) و ، 1981(.بررسيدانشتغذيهدرمحیط بدن با دقت 1/0 گرم بهوسیله ترازوي ديجیتال اندازهگیري شد. پس طبیعي يک ضرورت در ايده رشد، توزيع و بومشناسي ماهي است از انجام عملیات زيستسنجي، هر نمونه كالبد شكافي گرديد و معده )Kingston و همكاران، 1999(. تغییرات غذايي در فصول مختلف با محتويات درون آن از بدن استخراج گرديد. ابتدا وزن معده با محتويات ميتواند در ايده مهاجرت و تشخیص محیط مناسب در تكثیر و پرورش و سپس وزن محتويات معده با تقريب 1/0 گرم با ترازوي ديجیتال Kingston گونههاي مختلف ماهي كاربرد داشته باشد ) و همكاران، اندازهگیري و بههمراه تعیین نوع غذا خورده شده در هر معده ثبت Monteiro Palmeira 1999(. و )2010(درسواحلشنيبرزيلمطالعاتي گرديد. شاخصهاي تغذيهاي مورد بررسي براي گونه گیش خال سفید Tripp-Valdez بر رويرژيمغذاييگیشماهیان انجامدادند. و همكاران عبارت بودند از: )2012( شرايط تغذيه گیش ماهیان سطحزي در خلیج جنوب كالیفرنیا شاخص معدي- بدني Gastrosomatic index= GaSI( GaSI( براي هر . مورد مطالعه قرار دادند در زمینه تغذيه اين گونه در ايران تنها يک ماه تعیین گرديد. براي تعیین GaSI ابتدا بايد وزن معده با محتويات تحقیق مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است نتايج تحقیق نشان ميدهد كه آن براي هر ماهي اندازهگیري شده و سپس با داشتن وزن ماهي، GaSI غذاي اصلي آن در منطقه مورد بررسي شامل ماهیان و سختپوستان از معادله زير بهدست آمد )Biswas، 1993(. ميباشد. اين گونه جزو ماهیان نسبتاً كم غذا محسوب ميشود )صادقي و همكاران، 1393(. مطالعه بر تغذيه ساير گونه گیش ماهیان نظیر گیش پوزه دراز و گیش كاذب نیز توسط محققین مختلف انجام شده سپس معدههاي مورد بررسي كه به سه دسته خالي، نیمهپر و پر است )كمالي و همكاران، 1394: دوستدار و همكاران، 1388(. در اين تقسیم گرديد. مﻻک پر و نیمهپر بودن معده، میزان كشیدگي عضﻻت تحقیق تغذيه ماهي گیش خال سفید در محیط طبیعي مورد بررسي معده )میزان حجم غذا( بود )James، 1986(. براي تعیین و درصد قرار گرفته است. تركیبات غذايي مختلف، معده ماهیان مورد مطالعه بررسي گرديد و اطﻻعات آن ثبت شد. شاخص خالي بودن معده از معادله زير بهدست آمد )Euzen، 1987(. 216 فصلنامه علمی محیطزیست جانوری، سال 13، شماره 1، بهار Journal of Animal Environment, Vol. 13, No. 1, Spring 2021 1400 ES CV 100 كل ماهیان 41/18±261 میليمتر و میانگین وزن ماهیان 191/78±25/35 TS گرم بود )جدول1(. كه در اين معادله: CV= شاخص خالي بودن معده، ES= تعداد معدههاي خالي و TS= تعداد كل معدههاي مورد بررسي جدول 1: فاکتورهاي زیستسنجی مورد بررسی در گونه گیش خال تفسیر مقدار CV بهدست آمده با شرايط زير مشخص ميشود: سفید )C. malabaricus( در سال1395-96 اگر CV < 20 ≥ 0 باشد نتیجه منطقي آن است كه آبزي مورد نظر پرخور فاکتور حداقل حداکثر میانگین طول كل )میليمتر( 140 365 261 ميباشد. اگر CV<40≥20 باشد نتیجه منطقي آن است كه آبزي مورد طول چنگالي )میليمتر( 110 320 210/22 نظر نسبتاً پرخور است. اگر CV < 60 ≥ 40 باشد نتیجه منطقي آن است وزن ماهي )گرم( 57/8 534/5 191/78 كه آبزي مورد نظر تغذيه متوسطي دارد. اگر CV < 80 ≥ 60 باشد نتیجه وزن معده )گرم( 1/62 34/5 12/52 منطقي آن است كه آبزي مورد نظر نسبتاً كمخور ميباشد. اگر وزن محتويات معده )گرم( 0/5 21/32 8/13 ≤ CV < 100 80 باشد نتیجه منطقي آن استكه آبزي موردنظر كمخور ميباشد )Euzen، 1987(.
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