Colonial Wars

APUSH 2017 French Canada French Canada→Colonization

● Late colonization ● Edict of Nantes: 1598, granted toleration to French Protestants ○ Religious strife slows down and colonizing can begin ● Quebec 1608 ○ St. Lawrence River ○ Samuel De Champlain ■ Friend of Iroquois ○ Crown rules colony French Canada→ Expansion

● Successful trade with Indians ○ British did what? ○ Spanish did what? ○ French gave gifts, traded continuously ● Beaver Trade is lit ○ French fashion ○ Help from Indians ● Jesuits→ French missionaries ○ Fun fact: tried to convert Indians, Indians respected them more than Englishmen b/c they held up to torture better ○ Explorers and geographers French Canada→ Expansion

● Antoine Cadillac ○ Detroit, Ohio Valley ● Robert De La Salle ○ Great Lakes, down Mississippi River ○ Louisiana ○ New Orleans

Clash of Empires World Wars between 1688 and 1763

King William’s War 1689-1697 King George’s War 1744-1748

Queen Anne’s War 1702-1713 ● Spain and France vs. England ● New Englanders invade French Canada ● British colonists vs. French and Indian ● Peace Treaty of 1748 allies ○ King gives parts of French Canada back, ● Treaty of Ultrecht 1713 colonists angry ● Salutary neglect begins in English Colonies

French and Indian War 1754-1763

Also called the Seven Years War

● Ohio River Valley in dispute. ○ British pushing toward it, French need it to get to Louisiana ● Enter George Washington: Fort Duquesne 1754 ○ Sent to Ohio River Valley ○ Defeated and humiliated by French ○ Essentially, triggers a world war

French and Indian War

● Albany Congress 1754 ○ Leaders from colonies meet ○ Discuss Indian issue, meet with Iroquois ○ British hope to make friends with them, failed ○ Significance: greater colonial unity ● Albany Plan for Union ○ Ben Franklin’s plan for colonial home rule: defense and Indian affairs ○ Didn’t really take off ○ “Join, or Die”

French and Indian War Ends

● General Braddock tries to take Fort Duquesne, fails ● British try to take Canada, fail ● William Pitt becomes leader in England ○ Strategy: Focus on defeating French in North America, ignore other things ○ Fort Duquesne = Pittsburgh ● Battle of Quebec 1760 ○ British take Quebec, but important generals killed ● Peace of Paris 1763 ○ France removed from North America ○ Great Britain victorious, world power, no competition in North America

Results of French and Indian War

● Increased military confidence ● Colonists in military don’t move up as much as British soldiers ● British upset that colonists continue to trade with French and Indians ● Colonial American westward expansion opens ○ No rench competition ○ Indian threat lessened ○ Little need for British protection Results of French and Indian War

● Pontiac’s Rebellion ○ Indians upset about treatment ○ Chief Pontiac led rebellion against Englishmen in Ohio River Valley ■ 9/11 forts taken ■ 2000 died ■ 18 months long ○ Germ warfare: blankets infected with small pox given to Indians

Results of French and Indian War

● Proclamation of 1763 ○ Prohibited colonists from moving west of the Appalachians ○ British goal: Settle Indian land disputes ○ Colonist reaction: infuriated, then mostly ignored it