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Halliday, Jessica Jo (2015). A new institutionalist analysis of local level food policy in England between 2012 and 2014. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City University London) City Research Online Original citation: Halliday, Jessica Jo (2015). A new institutionalist analysis of local level food policy in England between 2012 and 2014. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City University London) Permanent City Research Online URL: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/13768/ Copyright & reuse City University London has developed City Research Online so that its users may access the research outputs of City University London's staff. Copyright © and Moral Rights for this paper are retained by the individual author(s) and/ or other copyright holders. All material in City Research Online is checked for eligibility for copyright before being made available in the live archive. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to from other web pages. Versions of research The version in City Research Online may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check the Permanent City Research Online URL above for the status of the paper. Enquiries If you have any enquiries about any aspect of City Research Online, or if you wish to make contact with the author(s) of this paper, please email the team at [email protected]. A new institutionalist analysis of local level food policy in England between 2012 and 2014 Jessica Jo Halliday Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Food Policy Centre for Food Policy Department of Sociology, City University London August 2015 1 THE FOLLOWING PARTS OF THIS THESIS HAVE BEEN REDACTED FOR COPYRIGHT REASONS: p 94: London Borough map. p 135: Greater Manchester map. p 157: Bristol area map. p 178: County Durham map. [This page is intentionally left blank] 2 Table of contents Table of contents .............................................................................................................................. 3 Table of figures and tables ............................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... 9 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 11 Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................... 12 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 15 1.1 Emergence of local level food policy ......................................................................... 15 1.1.1 Outlining a shared vision of local food policy groups ........................................ 18 1.2 Governance drivers of local food policy ..................................................................... 23 1.2.1 The shift to governance ....................................................................................... 23 1.2.2 Food governance gaps ......................................................................................... 25 1.3 Subject and scope of research ..................................................................................... 27 1.4 Thesis structure ........................................................................................................... 28 2 The English context ............................................................................................................... 31 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 31 2.2 UK food provisioning snapshot .................................................................................. 31 2.3 English food policy emergence and overview ............................................................ 34 2.3.1 Planning .............................................................................................................. 39 2.3.2 Public procurement ............................................................................................. 40 2.3.3 Food in schools ................................................................................................... 41 2.3.4 Waste ................................................................................................................... 42 2.4 Local government in England ..................................................................................... 44 2.5 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 50 3 Local food policy groups ....................................................................................................... 51 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 51 3.2 What are food policy groups? ..................................................................................... 51 3.3 Conceptualising the potential of food policy groups .................................................. 54 3.3.1 Structure and organisation of the food policy group ........................................... 56 3.3.2 The group’s location and relationship to local government ................................ 58 3.3.3 The local level (horizontal) governance context ................................................. 59 3.3.4 The multi-level (vertical) governance context .................................................... 60 3.3.5 Identifying the research problem ........................................................................ 61 3 3.4 Theoretical framework ................................................................................................ 61 3.4.1 Conceptualising food policy groups .................................................................... 62 3.4.2 New institutionalist theory ................................................................................... 63 3.5 Research questions ...................................................................................................... 69 3.6 Summary ...................................................................................................................... 70 4 Research design and methods ................................................................................................. 71 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 71 4.2 Research design ........................................................................................................... 71 4.3 Literature review ......................................................................................................... 74 4.4 Case study design ........................................................................................................ 76 4.4.1 Multiple holistic case studies ............................................................................... 76 4.4.2 Alternative case study designs considered .......................................................... 80 4.4.3 Case study selection............................................................................................. 81 4.4.4 Ensuring a robust design ...................................................................................... 83 4.5 Data collection ............................................................................................................. 85 4.5.1 Document analysis ............................................................................................... 85 4.5.2 Direct observation................................................................................................ 87 4.5.3 Interviews ............................................................................................................ 88 4.6 Data analysis ................................................................................................................ 89 4.7 Ethical considerations .................................................................................................. 91 4.8 Summary ...................................................................................................................... 92 5 The London Food Programme ................................................................................................ 93 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 93 5.2 Context and background .............................................................................................. 93 5.2.1 Greater London context ....................................................................................... 93 5.2.2 The London Food Programme ............................................................................. 95 5.3 Enablers and barriers ................................................................................................. 101 5.3.1 Structures and operations ................................................................................... 101 5.3.2 Multilevel framing ............................................................................................. 108 5.4 Summary ...................................................................................................................