COVID19 IMPACTS on TRANSPORTATION Produced by the NYC Department of City Planning’S Transportation Division

COVID19 IMPACTS ON TRANSPORTATION Produced by the NYC Department of City Planning’s Transportation Division

September 22, 2020

September 22, 2020 Introduction

• The NYC Department of City Planning's Transportation Division is compiling data to help understand the effects of COVID19 on the transportation network. We began reporting weekly in April 2020. After pausing the weekly reports in August, we’re resuming with an intent to update bi-weekly. This report and past reports can be found at https://www1.nyc.gov/site/planning/planning-level/transportation/transportation-overview.page

• This week’s report includes the following information: 1. Executive Summary 2. Citywide Trends 3. MTA: Subway and Bus 4. MTA: Metro North Railroad, Long Island Rail Road, Access-A-Ride 5. Ferry 6. Traffic 7. Citi Bike 8. DMV Registrations 9. Timeline

• This report may serve to help in pandemic response and longer-term recovery. We are eager for feedback in how to make this more useful. Feel free to reach out to Laura Smith ([email protected]) with questions or comments.

September 22, 2020 2 Executive Summary

• Travel across all modes is up substantially over mid-April volumes. • An increase in travel has been observed since the end of August, apart from bus and NYC Ferry, but general gains were less than expected as public schools generally remain closed for in-person learning and office re-occupancy has been slow. • Bus ridership fell with the resumption of fare collection on September 1st. • Gains in travel across different modes have been distributed unevenly since the mid-April low, and skewed more towards weekend travel. • Still, weekday subway ridership during the week of September 14 was up 16 percent over the previous week – a stronger increase than most week-over-week changes through the summer. • The city’s business districts in midtown and lower Manhattan, downtown Brooklyn, and Long Island City continue to see less than a quarter of their PM peak subway entries, indicating a very limited return to work in those areas. • Year over year, the greatest ridership differences are currently seen in neighborhoods with the strongest likelihood of having telework-capable populations, including much of Manhattan, Downtown Brooklyn, Williamsburg, Long Island City, and Astoria. • Since the start of September, the Staten Island Ferry has recovered an average of 36 percent of its daily ridership, compared to 2019 levels. • Total average weekday daytime inbound vehicles to Manhattan and the Manhattan central business district are comparable to pre-pandemic levels, while evening traffic volumes remain lower. • From June through early September 2020, Citi Bike ridership has been fairly consistent with ridership patterns during the same months in 2019. Citi Bike ridership on East River bridge crossings has been very slowly increasing, with peak travel occurring on weekends. • Car registrations in NYC fell throughout the spring when spending was very low, most car dealerships were closed, and the DMV was only open for essential operations. There has been a modest uptick in cars registered to the city since the summer, though total registrations remain lower than the past several years. September 22, 2020 3 Citywide Trends

September 22, 2020 4 Citywide Trends

• Travel across all modes is up substantially over mid-April volumes. Week of 09/14/2020 Compared to Week of 04/13/2020 (Weekly Total) • An additional uptick in travel has been observed since the end of August, 1000% 924% though gains were less than expected, as public schools remain closed for 900% in-person learning, and office re-occupancy has been slow. 800% 700% • Bus ridership fell between August and September, likely due to the 600% 500% 411% resumption of fare collection on buses, but was up the week of September 14 400% 303% 279% over the previous week. 300% 200% 133% 100% Baseline: Total trips

Week of 09/14/2020 Compared to Previous Week % Change fromWeekof 04/13/2020 0% week of Subway Bus Metro-North Citibike NYC Ferry (Weekly Total) 04/13/2020 20%

15% 13% Week of 09/14/2020 Compared to Week of 08/24/2020 (Weekly Total) 10% 9% 8% 30% 24% 24% 25% 5% 2% Baseline: 20% 96,366 Total trips 0% 15% week of 10% Subway Bus Metro-North Citibike NYC Ferry 09/07/2020 10% -5% 10,342,663 6,675,200 416,000 596,235 5% Baseline: 0% Total trips -10% -5% Subway Bus Metro-North Citibike NYC Ferry week of 08/24/2020 -15% -10% -15% -20% -16% % Change fromWeekof 09/07/2020 -20% -19% -22% -25% -25% % Change fromWeekof 08/24/2020

Data sources: MTA (Subway, Bus, Metro North), EDC (NYC Ferry), DOT (Citi Bike). September 22, 2020 5 Citywide Trends: Weekday vs Weekend

• Gains in travel across different modes have been distributed Week of 09/14/2020 Compared to Week of unevenly since the mid-April low, and skewed more towards 04/13/2020 (Weekday vs. Weekend) weekend travel. 1400% 1164% 1200% 1000% • This indicates a growing willingness to leave home, but perhaps 812% not a return to places of work for many people who would 800% 706% 600% typically be commuting. 354% 355% 400% 303%306% 166% 200% 143%101% Baseline: Total trips 0% week of Week of 09/14/2020 Compared to Previous Week Subway Bus Metro-North Citibike NYC Ferry 04/13/2020 (Weekday vs. Weekend) Weekday Weekend 20% % Change fromWeekof 04/13/2020 16% Week of 09/14/2020 Compared to Week of 15% 11% 08/24/2020 (Weekday vs. Weekend) 10% 8% 8% 8% Baseline: 40% 4% Total trips 5% 29% 28% 1% week of 30% 23% 23% 0% 09/07/2020 Subway Bus Metro-North Citibike NYC Ferry 20% -5% 13% 10% Baseline: -10% 2% Total trips -10% 0% week of -15% Subway Bus Metro-North Citibike NYC Ferry 08/24/2020 -20% -17% -10% -11%

% Change fromWeekof 09/07/2020 -25% -20% -18% -18% -25% -22% -30%

% Change fromWeekof 08/24/2020 -30%

Weekday Weekend Weekday Weekend

Data sources: MTA (Subway, Bus, Metro North), EDC (NYC Ferry), DOT (Citi Bike). September 22, 2020 6 MTA data: Subway and Bus

September 22, 2020 7 MTA Subway & Bus System-wide Ridership Changes

Percent Change of Estimated* MTA Subway & Bus Weekly Ridership (March 1- September 20, 2020) 30%

20%

10%

-10%

-20%

-30%

-40%

-50%

-60%

-70% Subway Bus

• Both subway and bus ridership have generally been increasing week-over-week since mid-April.

• On September 1, the MTA resumed fare collection on buses, after suspending collection on March 23, 2020. Bus ridership dropped by more than 22 percent that week, while subway ridership increased by more than 11 percent. The drop in bus riders and increase in subway riders during the first week of September likely reflects a resulting mode shift.

*From the MTA: Current bus ridership figures are estimated from models that use MetroCard and OMNY swipes and taps and Automatic Passenger Counter data that is available on a portion of our bus fleet. These figures are indicative of ridership but not a precise count. Figures from recent days may be revised as reconciliation processes are carried out. Data sources: MTA (https://new.mta.info/coronavirus/ridership) September 22, 2020 8 MTA Subway System-wide Ridership Changes

MTA Subway Ridership (March 1- September 20, 2020) 6000000

5000000 • Weekday subway ridership during the week of September 14 was up 16 percent over the 4000000 previous week, while weekend ridership was up 4 percent over the previous week.

3000000 • Weekday subway ridership is now at nearly 30 percent of Ridership 2019 averages.

2000000

1000000

From the MTA: Subway ridership figures are determined from MetroCard and OMNY swipes and taps. Figures from recent days may be revised as data reconciliation processes are carried out. Data sources: MTA (https://new.mta.info/coronavirus/ridership) September 22, 2020 9 MTA Bus System-wide Ridership Changes

MTA Bus Ridership (March 1- September 20, 2020) 2500000

• Weekday bus ridership was up 11 percent during the 2000000 week of September 14 from the previous week, while weekend ridership was up 0.7 percent. 1500000 • Weekday bus ridership is now at nearly half of 2019 averages. Ridership 1000000

500000

From the MTA: Current bus ridership figures are estimated from models that use MetroCard and OMNY swipes and taps and Automatic Passenger Counter data that is available on a portion of our bus fleet. These figures are indicative of ridership but not a precise count. Figures from recent days may be revised as reconciliation processes are carried out. Data sources: MTA (https://new.mta.info/coronavirus/ridership) September 22, 2020 10 Weekday AM and PM Peak Turnstile Data – Comparisons with April 2020

• 8/31-9/10/2020 vs 4/14-4/17/2020 Percent 8/31-9/10/2020 vs 4/14-4/17/2020 Percent In mid-April, subway Change Change travel was at its lowest. Ridership has been increasing since then, to varying degrees across the city.

• The AM peak hour map may indicate where commuters are returning to the subway system, while the PM peak hour map may indicate where people are commuting home from.

• Much of Queens and south Brooklyn are seeing strong AM peak hour gains. The city’s business districts have gained substantial PM peak ridership since mid-April.

Data sources: MTA Turnstile data (http://web.mta.info/developers/turnstile.html) September 22, 2020 11 Weekday AM and PM Peak Turnstile Data – Comparisons with Sept 2019

8/31-9/10/2020 vs 9/3-9/12/2019 Percent 8/31-9/10/2020 vs 9/3-9/12/2019 Percent • While subway ridership Change Change has been increasing in recent months, AM and PM peak hour trips in early September 2020 remain substantially off from their volumes during the same weeks in 2019.

• The city’s business districts in midtown and lower Manhattan, downtown Brooklyn, and Long Island City continue to see less than a quarter of their PM peak subway entries, indicating a very limited return to work in those areas.

Data sources: MTA Turnstile data (http://web.mta.info/developers/turnstile.html) September 22, 2020 12 Weekday Off Peak and Weekend Subway Turnstile Data

• The recovery of weekday peak hour trips (left) lags compared to off-peak weekday (middle) and weekend (right).

Weekday Peak-Hour Ridership Changes: Current Weekday Off-Peak Ridership Changes: Current Weekend Ridership Changes: Current ridership as ridership as percent of early Sept 2019 ridership ridership as percent of early Sept 2019 ridership percent of early Sept 2019 ridership

Data sources: MTA Turnstile data (http://web.mta.info/developers/turnstile.html), 8/31-9/10/2020 vs 9/3-9/12/2019 Percent Change September 22, 2020 13 Weekday AM Peak Subway Turnstile Data and Telework Capability

Subway Ridership Changes: Current ridership as • A University of Chicago study estimated the “telework percent of early Sept 2019 ridership capability” of workers in different economic sectors. The map to the right shows the proportion of the residential labor force in a neighborhood that is able to work remotely from home based on these estimates.

• By mapping AM peak subway entries during the first Telework Capability two weeks of September 2020 and comparing them to entries over the same period in 2019, the greatest ridership differences are seen in neighborhoods with the strongest likelihood of having telework- capable populations, including much of Manhattan, Downtown Brooklyn, Williamsburg, Long Island City, and Astoria.

• Neighborhoods with the lowest share of residents able to work remotely show AM peak subway ridership at levels closer to the previous year as compared to other parts of the city. These areas include much of the Bronx, eastern Queens, and central Brooklyn, where larger proportions of the city’s non- office-oriented and essential workers live. 8/31-9/10/2020 vs 9/3-9/12/2019 Percent Change

Data sources: MTA Turnstile data (http://web.mta.info/developers/turnstile.html); telework capability: https://bfi.uchicago.edu/wp-content/uploads/BFI_White-Paper_Dingel_Neiman_3.2020.pdf; U.S. Census Bureau Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) Origin-Destination Employment Statistics, Workplace and Residence Area Characteristics 2017 September 22, 2020 14 MTA data: Metro North Railroad, Long Island Rail Road, Access-A-Ride

September 22, 2020 15 Metro-North Railroad Ridership Changes

MTA Metro-North Railroad (March 1- September 13, 2020) 70000

60000 • Weekday and weekend MNR ridership for the week of 50000 September 14 were both up 8 percent over the previous week. 40000

30000 Ridership

20000

10000

From the MTA: Metro-North ridership is estimated by a model using monthly, weekly, ten-trip, and daily ticket sales. Percent change is calculated based on 2019 monthly average weekday/Saturday/Sunday ridership figures. Data sources: MTA (https://new.mta.info/coronavirus/ridership) September 22, 2020 16 Long Island Rail Road Ridership Changes

MTA Long Island Rail Road Ridership (April 1- September 13, 2020) 100000

90000 • Weekday LIRR ridership for the 80000 week of September 7 (the latest date for which data are available) 70000 was up 6 percent compared to the previous week, while

60000 weekend ridership was down 15 percent.

50000 Ridership 40000

30000

20000

10000

From the MTA: LIRR ridership is estimated by a model using monthly, weekly, ten-trip, and daily ticket sales. Percent change is calculated based on 2019 monthly average weekday/Saturday/Sunday ridership figures. Data sources: MTA (https://new.mta.info/coronavirus/ridership) September 22, 2020 17 Access-A-Ride Scheduled Trip Changes

MTA Access-A-Ride Scheduled Trips (March 1- September 20, 2020) 40000

35000 • Weekday Access-A-Ride scheduled trips for the week of 30000 September 14 were up 14 percent compared to the previous week, while the weekend scheduled trips 25000 were down 0.7 percent.

20000 Ridership 15000

10000

5000

From the MTA: To provide timely updates, this data presents scheduled Access-A-Ride trips as an indicator of demand, rather than completed trips. The process to reflect completed trips, including adjusting for on-demand trips, cancelations, no shows, and on-street issues, would delay release of data for several weeks.. Data sources: MTA (https://new.mta.info/coronavirus/ridership) September 22, 2020 18 Ferry

September 22, 2020 19 The Staten Island Ferry and NYC Ferry

SIF Total Weekly Ridership • The week of September 14 saw about 141,500 Staten Island Ferry 500,000 -56% riders. Since the start of September, the Staten Island Ferry has 450,000 -58% recovered an average of 36 percent of its daily ridership, 400,000 -60% compared to 2019 levels. 350,000 -62% 300,000 • For SIF, weekday peak hour ridership is 7:00 am for the morning -64% 250,000 and 4:00 pm for the afternoon, for the week of September 14. -66% 200,000 -68% • The week of September 14 saw NYC Ferry weekly ridership 150,000 decrease by 22 percent compared to the week of September 7. 100,000 -70% 50,000 -72% • NYC Ferry average weekday ridership decreased by 25 percent, - -74% while average weekend ridership increased by 16 percent, Aug 3 - Aug 9 Aug 10 - Aug Aug 17 - Aug Aug 24 - Aug Aug 31 - Sept Sept 7 - Sept Sept 14 - 16 23 30 6 13 Sept 20 compared to the week of September 7. Total Weekly Ridership 2019 Total Weekly Ridership 2020 NYC Ferry Weekly Ridership % Loss of Ridership from 2019 Levels Weekday vs. Weekend Averages SIF Average Weekday Total Ridership Per Hour 50,000 45,000 7,000 5:00 PM 7:00 AM 40,000 6,000 35,000 5,000 30,000 4,000 25,000 3,000 20,000 4:00 PM 15,000 2,000 7:00 AM 10,000 1,000 5,000 0 0 Aug 3 - Aug 9 Aug 10 - Aug Aug 17 - Aug Aug 24 - Aug Aug 31 - Sept Sept 7 - Sept Sept 14 - 16 23 30 6 13 Sept 20

Average Weekday Ridership 2019 Average Weekday Ridership 2020 Average Weekend Ridership 2019 Average Weekend Ridership 2020 09/16/19 - 09/20/19 09/08/20 - 09/11/20 09/14/20 - 09/18/20 *Excludes Labor Day ridership in averages September 22, 2020 20 Data sources: NYCDOT; NYCEDC Traffic

September 22, 2020 21 MTA Bridge and Tunnel Traffic Volumes

MTA Bridge and Tunnel Traffic Counts (March 1 - September 20, 2020) 1000000 • Total weekday traffic counts on MTA bridges and tunnels during the week of September 900000 14 was up 3 percent compared to the previous week. Weekend traffic counts 800000 remained steady.

700000 MTA crossings include: • Bridges: Robert F. Kennedy, Throgs Neck, Verrazzano Narrows, Bronx-Whitestone, Henry Hudson, Marine Parkway- Gil Hodges Memorial, and Cross Bay Veterans 600000 Memorial bridges. • Tunnels: the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel and the Queens Midtown Tunnel. 500000

400000 Traffic Volumes Traffic

300000

200000

100000

0 3/1/20 3/8/20 4/5/20 5/3/20 6/7/20 7/5/20 8/2/20 8/9/20 9/6/20 3/15/20 3/22/20 3/29/20 4/12/20 4/19/20 4/26/20 5/10/20 5/17/20 5/24/20 5/31/20 6/14/20 6/21/20 6/28/20 7/12/20 7/19/20 7/26/20 8/16/20 8/23/20 8/30/20 9/13/20 9/20/20

*Data sources: MTA (https://new.mta.info/coronavirus/ridership) September 22, 2020 22 NYC Traffic Speeds

Real-time Traffic Flow Speed by Hour in NYC (Jun 8, Jun 29, Jul 6, Jul 13, Jul 27, Aug 10, Sep 21 2020) 24

19 Speed (MPH) Speed 18

15 1:00 AM 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 4:00 AM 5:00 AM 6:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 11:00 12:00 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 3:00 PM 4:00 PM 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 PM 10:00 11:00 12:00 AM AM PM PM PM AM Jun 8, Mon Jun 29, Mon Jul 27, Mon Aug 10, Mon Sep 21, Mon

• Compared to earlier weeks, average hourly traffic flow speeds on Monday, September 21st were generally consistent with early August, with slower speeds occurring during the afternoon hours in recent weeks.

Data sources: Here Real-Time Traffic Flow Speed Data (https://www.here.com/products/traffic-solutions) September 22, 2020 23 Manhattan Inbound Traffic

Total average vehicles entering Manhattan CBD and Manhattan via river crossings and Average weekday daytime travel speeds in Midtown

1,000,000 14.0

900,000 • Total average weekday daytime 12.0 inbound vehicles to Manhattan and 800,000 the Manhattan central business district 700,000 10.0 are comparable to pre-pandemic levels. 600,000 8.0 • Evening traffic volumes (not shown 500,000 here) remain lower. 6.0 400,000 • After peaking in early April at about 13 Number of Vehicles 300,000 mph, average Midtown Manhattan 4.0 speeds dropped sharply in early June 200,000 Average weekday speeds (mph) and have continued to slowly decline. 2.0 They currently average about 7.5 100,000 mph, close to their early March 2020 0 0.0 average. 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 36 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

Week of Year: March 10-September 11, 2020

CBD Inbound Traffic Manhattan Inbound Traffic Average Midtown Speed Source: NYCDOT, providing data from NYCTLC, Port Authority, Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority September 22, 2020 24 Traffic Congestion

90% 80% Pandemic Average Weekly Traffic Congestion vs. • Congestion is a measure of the average 70% 2019 Yearly Average*

amount of additional travel time needed 60%

to get to a destination anywhere in a 50%

city compared to free flow conditions. 40%

Zero percent represents free flow 30%

speeds; 100 percent represents 2019 20%

yearly average congestion for each city. 10%

0% • After a significant initial decline in March April May June July August September congestion in March, congestion in NYC New York Los Angeles Chicago Houston has been slowly increasing since June. 140%

• Internationally, Beijing, Wuhan and 120% London are currently seeing higher than 100% normal levels of congestion. 80%

60%

40%

20%

0% March April May June July August September

New York Wuhan Singapore London Beijing *Some weeks contain less than five days due to holidays and gaps in the data. Data source: TomTom Traffic Index (https://www.tomtom.com/en_gb/traffic-index/) September 22, 2020 25 Citi Bike

September 22, 2020 26 Citi Bike Ridership Changes

Citi Bike Ridership (Mar 1- Sep 20, 2020)

120,000

• Citi Bike ridership has been trending up since 100,000 early March 2020, and ridership is highly correlated with

80,000 weather.

• More than 100,000 trips were taken on 60,000 Saturday, Sep 12 – the highest number recorded during the pandemic. 40,000

20,000

0 03-01 03-05 03-09 03-13 03-17 03-21 03-25 03-29 04-02 04-06 04-10 04-14 04-18 04-22 04-26 04-30 05-04 05-08 05-12 05-16 05-20 05-24 05-28 06-01 06-05 06-09 06-13 06-17 06-21 06-25 06-29 07-03 07-07 07-11 07-15 07-19 07-23 07-27 07-31 08-04 08-08 08-12 08-16 08-20 08-24 08-28 09-01 09-05 09-09 09-13 09-17

Data sources: DOT Citi Bike Data September 22, 2020 27 Citi Bike Ridership

• From June through early Sep 2020, Citi Bike ridership has been fairly consistent with ridership patterns during the same months in 2019.

• Citi Bike ridership on East River bridge crossings has been very slowly increasing, with peak travel occurring on weekends.

• The percentage of trips taken by Critical Workers has been declining, but nearly 18,000 members are part of the Critical Worker program.

Daily East River Bridge Crossings 8,000 7,000 Citi Bike Average Daily Trips 2019 vs 2020 (Mar-Sep) 6,000 100,000 5,000 4,000 90,000 3,000 80,000 2,000 70,000 1,000 - 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 Percent of all trips taken by Critical Workers 20,000 10% 9% 10,000 8% - 7% 6% 5% 4% weekday weekday weekday weekday weekday weekday weekday weekday weekend weekend weekend weekend weekend weekend weekend weekend 3% March April May-June 7 Phase1 Phase2 Phase3 (July Phase4 (July Sep1 - Sep 2% (June 8 - (June 22 - 6 - July 19) 20 - Aug31) 20 1% June 21) July 5) 0% 2019 2020

Data sources: DOT Citi Bike Data September 22, 2020 28 Citi Bike Weekday Daily Ridership by Time of Day

PM peak Citi Bike Slightly more pronounced ridership now 9000 morning peak, but still well below exceeds pre-Covid Pronounced morning that of Mar-Aug 2019 levels 8000 peak observed Mar-Aug 2019 7000

6000

5000

4000 Typical morning

Weekday Ridership Weekday peak commute 3000 trips were greatly reduced during 2000 the first months of the PAUSE

1000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Citi Bike Start Hour

March-AugMarch – Aug 2019 2019 March22March 22 - – June2June 2 JuneJune 08-08 – AugAug 3131 Sep1Sep 01 - Sep – Sep 18 18 (Pre-COVID) 2020 (PAUSE) 2020 2020 Data sources: DOT Citi Bike Data September 22, 2020 29 DMV Registration Data

September 22, 2020 30 DMV Car Registrations

DMV Standard Series Vehicle Registrations in New York City • Total cars registered in New York 2010 - 2019 and 2020 (Jan-Sep) City have been increasing over 1,950,000 the past decade, along with total population.

1,900,000 • Car registrations in NYC fell throughout the spring when economic spending was very low, most car dealerships were 1,850,000 closed, and the DMV was only open for essential operations. 1,800,000 • Statewide, the total number of standard series vehicle registrations is also slightly down from Jan to Sep 2020. 1,750,000 Standard Series Registrations Vehicle • There has been a modest uptick in cars registered to the city 1,700,000 since the summer, though total registrations remain lower than the past several years. 1,650,000 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (Jan) (Feb) (Mar) (Apr) (May) (Jun) (Jul) (Aug) (Sep)

Sources: 2010-2018 The number of all NY State vehicle registrations considered active in the years of 2010-2018, listed by county and type of registration. Excludes vehicles with suspended, revoked and surrendered plates. https://dmv.ny.gov/about-dmv/statistical-summaries; Jan-Spet 2020 NYS DMV monthly open data https://data.ny.gov/Transportation/Vehicle-Snowmobile-and-Boat-Registrations/w4pv-hbkt September 22, 2020 31 DMV Car Registrations

DMV Standard Series Vehicle Registrations by County 2010 - 2018 vs 2019 (Dec) vs 2020 (Jan-Sep) 800,000

2020 (Jan) 2020 (Sep) 700,000 2010

600,000 Fluctuations in total car registrations in 2020 have varied by borough, with Staten Island

500,000 showing the least amount of month-over- 2020 (Jan) 2020 (Sep) month variation, possibly due to its higher 2010 share of vehicles per household and car 400,000 commuters.

300,000 2020 (Jan) 2020 (Jan) 2020 (Sep)2010 2020 (Sep) 2020 (Jan) 2010 2020 (Sep) 2010

200,000

100,000

0 KINGS NEW YORK QUEENS BRONX RICHMOND

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (Dec) 2020 (Jan) 2020 (Feb) 2020 (Mar) 2020 (Apr) 2020 (May) 2020 (Jun) 2020 (Jul) 2020 (Aug) 2020 (Sep)

Sources: 2010-2018 The number of all NY State vehicle registrations considered active in the years of 2010-2018, listed by county and type of registration. Excludes vehicles with suspended, revoked and surrendered plates. https://dmv.ny.gov/about-dmv/statistical-summaries; 2019 Data requested on Nov 30, 2019; Jan-Spet 2020 NYS DMV monthly open data https://data.ny.gov/Transportation/Vehicle-Snowmobile-and-Boat-Registrations/w4pv-hbkt September 22, 2020 32 Timeline

September 22, 2020 33 New York COVID19 Pandemic Timeline: First Case to End of PAUSE

• March 1st, 2020: First confirmed case in New York https://www.wsj.com/articles/first-case-of-coronavirus-confirmed-in-new-york-state-11583111692 • March 7th, 2020: Governor Cuomo declares state of emergency https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/07/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-queens.html • March 12th, 2020: Governor Cuomo announces restrictions on mass gatherings, directing events with more than 500 people to be cancelled or postponed and any gathering with less than 500 people in attendance to cut capacity by 50 percent. https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/during-novel-coronavirus-briefing-governor-cuomo-announces-new-mass-gatherings-regulations

• March 15th, 2020: NYC school closures announced. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/15/nyregion/nyc-schools-closed.html DeBlasio announces the closure of schools, bars, and restaurants (except takeout/delivery) effective the morning of the 17th https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/15/nyregion/new-york-coronavirus.html

• March 18th: Governor Cuomo announces that 50% of non-essential employees must work from home • March 20th: Governor Cuomo announces statewide stay at home rules, effective the evening of the 22nd. 100% of non-essential workers must stay home. https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live- updates/2020/03/20/818952589/coronavirus-n-y-gov-cuomo-says-100-of-workforce-must-stay-home, travel on transit only when necessary

• March 25th: MTA announces service reduction to Essential Service plan https://abc7ny.com/6047040/ • March 27th: The Governor halts non-essential construction https://thecity.nyc/2020/03/cuomo-calls-off-non-essential-construction-statewide.html • May 1st: Mayor de Blasio announces first seven miles of streets in Open Streets NYC program. https://gothamist.com/news/de-blasio-reveals-first-batch-open-streets-primarily-centered-parks • May 6th: Governor Cuomo enacts nightly 1am-5am subway shutdowns: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/30/nyregion/subway-close-cuomo-coronavirus.html

• May 22nd: Mayor de Blasio announces 45 miles of open streets, the most in the nation, with the City to eventually reach 100 miles. https://www.6sqft.com/nyc-full-list-of-open-streets-summer-2020/ • May 26th: New York Stock Exchange reopens trading floor after 2 month closure. https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/26/862082828/new-york-stock-exchange-reopens- trading-floor-after-2-month-closure

• May 29th: Governor Cuomo announces that New York City is expected to begin Phase 1 of reopening on Monday, June 8th. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/29/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-live- updates.html • June 1st: Governor Cuomo announces overnight curfew in NYC after a weekend of protests due to the death of George Floyd. No-non local vehicles permitted in Manhattan below 96th street, and Citi Bike is shut down during curfew hours. https://deadline.com/2020/06/new-york-city-curfew-andrew-cuomo-george-floyd-protests-1202948548/

• June 5th: The MTA lays out its 13-point “Action Plan For a Safe Return” in preparation for New York City’s reopening. https://new.mta.info/document/17751 • June 7th: Mayor de Blasio announces the end of protest-related curfews ahead of schedule, effective immediately. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nyc-mayor-announces-curfew-has-ended-ahead- of-schedule-2020-06-07/

September 22, 2020 34 New York COVID19 Pandemic Timeline: Phase 1 to Phase 4

• June 8th: New York City begins Phase 1 of re-opening. Manufacturing, non-essential construction, and non-essential retail via curbside pickup can resume operations https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/08/nyregion/coronavirus-nyc-reopen-phase-1.html • The Staten Island Ferry begins moving to a 20-minute rush hour schedule beginning with the 3:30 PM trip from St. George. https://www1.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/ferrybus/siferryschedule.shtml#SIschedule • Mayor De Blasio announces five new busways to be created throughout the city, modeled after the 14th Street Busway, which will be made permanent. More bus lanes will be added along major corridors. https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2020/06/08/as-city-reopens-de-blasio-expands-transit-options-1291796 • June 18th: Mayor de Blasio announces guidance for the City’s Open Restaurants program, which allows qualifying restaurants and bars to expand outdoor seating on sidewalks, curb lanes, backyards, patios, plazas, and Open Streets. https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/449-20/open-restaurants-new-york-city-prepares-phase-2-reopening-mayor-de-blasio-announces

• June 19th: Governor Cuomo holds his final daily coronavirus briefing, saying “We have done the impossible.” He will continue to monitor the situation and hold press conferences as needed. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/andrew-cuomo-new-yorkers-united-coronavirus-pandemic-crisis/

• June 22nd: New York City begins Phase 2 of re-opening, including in-store retail, offices, hair salons and barbershops, house of worship, and car sales. Social distancing and hygiene guidelines remain in place. https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2020/06/21/what-exactly-does-phase-two-reopening-mean-for-new-york-city- • Governor Cuomo says he is actively talking to Governor Murphy of NJ and Governor Lamont of Connecticut, and that the three governors are “seriously considering” implementing a 14-day isolation protocol for visitors from Florida, which could be extended to travelers from Arizona, Texas, and several other stats who are experiencing a rapid rise in Covid cases. https://nypost.com/2020/06/22/gov-cuomo-talks-to-nj-connecticut-about-florida-quarantine-rules/ • According to a survey conducted by the Partnership for New York City, while Phase 2 allows office workers to return to their offices, respondents from 60 companies predicted that only 10% of their employees would return to the office by August 15th. Rudin Management Company said that, across its 14 offices in New York that reopened on Monday, it reached a collective 5.2 percent occupancy rate. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/nyregion/nyc-phase-2-reopening-coronavirus.html • June 24th: The state governments of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut issue self-quarantine restrictions on travelers returning from a list of 9 states with high infection rates, with the ability to add more as the situation changes. https://coronavirus.health.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2020/06/interimguidance_traveladvisory.pdf • June 29th: Mayor de Blasio announces that, while outdoor dining is “working” in New York City and that the city is moving on track for Phase 3 of reopening on July 6th, the reopening of indoor dining may be delayed due to ongoing coronavirus concerns. Governor Cuomo echoed these concerns. https://abc7ny.com/indoor-dining-in-nyc-new-york-city-reopen-coronavirus/6280941/ • July 6th: New York City begins Phase 3 of re-opening. Originally, this was to include indoor dining at restaurants, but this element has been postponed in light of outbreaks in other states. • The Staten Island Ferry resumes regular rush-hour service, with boats running every 15 minutes from 7:00 am – 9:00 am and 5:00 pm – 7:00 pm. https://mms.tveyes.com/PlaybackPortal.aspx?SavedEditID=ea13aec9-00c3-46cf-998e-a31fa521b891

• July 20th: New York City enters Phase 4 of re-opening, which includes outdoor activities like zoos and botanical gardens, as well as professional sports without spectators. Indoor dining, originally part of Phase 3, is still prohibited. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/20/nyregion/nyc-phase-4-reopening-coronavirus.html • August 7th: Governor Cuomo announces that schools in New York State can reopen in the fall, though it will be up to local districts to determine if and how to do so. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/07/nyregion/cuomo-schools-reopening.html

September 22, 2020 35 New York COVID19 Pandemic Timeline: September

• Aug 31st: MTA restarts front door bus loading and fare collection https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/transit/2020/08/18/mta-bringing-back-front-door-bus-boarding-and-fare- collection#:~:text=On%20August%2031%2C%20the%20MTA,the%20%242.75%20fare%20once%20again. • Sep 9th: Governor Cuomo announces that restaurants can accommodate indoor dining a 25% capacity starting September 30th https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-announces-indoor- dining-new-york-city-allowed-resume-beginning-september-30-25 • Sep 12th: Citi Bike records over 100,000 rides in a single day, setting a record for the service • Sep 16th: Mayor De Blasio announces that Open Restaurants will expand to weekdays citywide:https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/660-20/mayor-de-blasio-open-streets-restaurants-will- expand-weekdays-40-locations-citywidet • Sept. 21st: 3-K, Pre-K and District 75 schools reopen, and all students who opted into the all-remote program start their first full day of instruction. • Sept. 29th: K-5 and K-8 schools scheduled to reopen • Oct. 1st: Middle and high schools, as well as secondary schools and transfer/adult education, scheduled to reopen

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