R ’ S P R E FA E E D I T O C .

TH E presen t volume con tain s all the coin s which were issued by

' the Greek an d Scythic kin gs who ruled in I ndia an d the n eigh hoar in g lan ds between the time of Alexander the Great an d the

hird en ur A D . t c t y .

The ork has been on an d labor ous a ke to om l r w l g i , li c pi e ,

edi or an d r n er. The n umber of unusua har r h h t , p i t l c acte s w ic it con tain s has greatly hin der ed its progress ; but the typ ographical

ul ies n en the on l on es The h s or f h in diffic t have ot be y . i t y o t e k gs i s e obs ure an d the es em lo ed on heir o n s of en of a v ry c , typ p y t c i t

m ed an d un er a n hara er . On the o her han d few fields f ix c t i c ct t , o

i er r her ma er al h s or a ar haeo o a an d. n umismat cs ofi ic t i , i t ic l, c l gic l, il even philological though philological theories are n ecessar y excluded from these p ages.

r l m R E who has i nk are due to Gene a unn n ha . . Spec al tha s C i g , , allowed the compiler free use of his plates published in recen t

m sma hron le an d has hus en abled the volumes of the Nu i tic C ic , t presen t work to be ren dered far more complete than it could other

rofessor e il B en da who has en a uable wise be : also to P C c ll, giv v l philological aid. E TO P EFA E DI R S R C .

Th e system of tran sliteration a dapted for Prakrit words

A ufrecht in the San skritic Catalogue

Catalogue of B ooks in B ritish

Mu m seu .

I ha e carefull re ised manus r » of his work v y v c ipt t , i w th the correspon ding description .

RE I A L D R G N STU A T POOL E . CONTENTS.

PAGE INTRODU CTION

I H S O AL Ourmus . I T RIC s

Al exander the Great xviii

Andr oras So h es ag , p yt Diodotus ; Bactrian revolt

mus I in asion f An ioch Euth de o us III . y . v t

' D emetrius and Eucratides con quest of I ndia xxii

l n A hocles Euth d Pla o Pan a eo a emus II. t , t , g t , y Medals of Agathocles an d An timachus xxviii

Heliocles

Chin ese account of the Yueh- Chi Chart of Greek and Scythic domin ions

Successors of Heli ocles

Antialcidas and L ysias The Sonipat find

r A ollodotus Menande , p Geographical data Ranjabala Scythic Kings : Maues

s Azilises Aze ,

hian Kin s Gon do hares Part g p ,

Sanabares

Saka Kings : Heraus

- I Yueh Chi n s Kadphises .

a hes Kad hises II . Kad p , p Kan erkes and Hooerkes their era Vasu D eva viii CONTENTS.

Greek types

WEIGHTS

TABL E or raausmrsaari ous

D iodotus I . CO TENTS N .

D ionysius

Apollophanes

Hermaeus

Hermaeus an d Calliope

A zes

A zes and A zilises

Azilises

Spalirises as Kin g

Gondophares

Pacores

Zeionises

U ncertain Kings

' Sanabares

Hyrcodes Kadaphes

Theophilus

Apollodotus i couranrs. x

Arsaces Dikaios

I es . Typ

III i les of Kin s . T t g

A . Greek

Table for con vertin g English I nc hes into Millimetres

' L t ' sr or PL ATES. xiii

L IS OF PL A E T T S.

Andra oras So h tes Diodotns Enth dem I g , p y , , y ns .

Euth demus I D em . etri y , us.

D eme rius Eu h dem t us II Pan aleon. t , y . , t

A a hocles g t . An im E ti achu I . ncra t s des.

Eucra es tid Pla o. , t

Heliocles A ntialcidas , .

Antial idas L sias D i m c o edes. , y ,

Arch ll ebi s A odotus. u , po

A oll d us ra o I o ot S . p , t t

ra g ath l i Menander S o I . A oc e a t t , , .

Menander an der D i n i l E o s us Zoi us. , p , y , mi A ollo hanes Ar e dorus An imachus II . Philoxcnus Ni ias c . p p , t , t , ,

i ostratus Am n tas. H pp , y

Hermaeus allio e Ran abala , C p , j .

Manes.

Manes, Azes.

Azas.

Azes.

Azas Azilises. ,

zili s V nones S alahores &c. A se o , p , , .

Gon do hares. ali rises &c. Sp , p

Pacores Ortha nes Sanabares. a Zeionises &c. Abd gases, , , g ,

l Me as Heraiis H rcodes &c. Basi eus g , , y ,

Kada hes Kad hises II . hises I . Kadp , p , p

Kanerkes.

ooerkes. Kan erkes, H

Hooerkes.

Bazodeo &c. Hooerkes, ,

Supplementary.

T H E COIN S

GRE E K AN D K IN GS

B TR A I A C I A ND N D I A .

I TR D N O U CTION.

IN treating of the arran gemen t of the coins of the Greek an d

S h Kin s of B a r a an d India is ne essar cyt ic g ct i , it c y Necessity for he“ w inin “ g his to enter briefly in to all the known facts of their

ton e“ data. his or The Kin of the u ema t y. gs Sele cid an d Ptol ic

d n as es su ceeded one an o her in a kn o n order an h hief y ti c t w , d t e c even ts of their reigns have been han ded down to us by an cien t f writers. It was there ore unnecessary to give the facts of their

hi s or as an in rodu on to the s s of the o ns ssu d hem t y t cti li t c i i e by t .

But in re ard to all but two or hr ee of the k n s f th f r r Eas g t i g o e a the t,

the an cien t historian s are quite silen t ; and coins and inscription s

a one a us fr m n ran e h r f is l s ve o ig o c even of their n ames. T e e ore it n ecessary in thi s Introduction to trace the outlin es of any history

wh h can n ow be re o ered an d in ar u ar in some de a to set ic c v , p tic l t il

forth the historical facts which may fairly be establish ed by means

f h o n s In order to br n the di s uss on n o the narro est o t e c i . i g c i i t w

s m s be ne essar 1 to abs ain from mere con po sible li it , it will c y ( ) t

e ture ho e er . em n 2 to a oid fu l dis uss on of dis u ed j c , w v t pti g ; ( ) v l c i p t

mere n d a n where difieren ce of o n on e is s an d points, ly i ic ti g pi i x t , -

f rr n hen oss b e to orks alread ub shed or mono ra hs re e i g, w p i l , w y p li , g p i in various numismatic journ als ; (3) to treat n detail only such

m sma i bear n p arts of history as have a n u i t c i g.

is due for the arran emen and de The writers to whom credit g t ci

in s re in the firs r nk James herment of these co a , t a , Most important p writer" * h ~ A e an der unn n am. Prinsep an d Gen eral l x C i g 1

I ndian A nti uities. E ssays on. q

f Ale ander Numismati c Claromcle, 1 868, &c 1 Coins of the Successors o x , , b xviii INTRODU CTI ON .

u h Mr E Thomas * an d W son ha e also don e m c . . , il ,1 v ld im or an work bo h h s ori al an d n umisma i in the same fie . p t t , t i t c t c,

n Salle The most recen t mon ograph on the coin s is that of vo t, §

have whose scholarly acquiremen ts and solid numismatic judgmen t

de en abled him to correct on man y p oin ts the theories of hi s pre

’ ’ Mr . James Fer usson s an d Professor o ell s resear hes cessors. g C w c

have also been of the greatest value to the presen t p urp ose ; an d

’ there is much valuable matter in von Gutschmid s article on the

‘ Graeco- Parthian Empire in the n in th edition of the En cyclop mdia

Persi hen a d i ri rs . W eb s du t o h r e B ritannica s. v a. e o e , t t w t , \

i f - it will be men tioned n the oot n otes.

I H S OR A C L OU TL ES . . I T I IN

The numismatics of the Greek rulers of In dia properly begin s

i h Diodotus. B ut here are a few oin s is u Alexander the w t t c s ed Great in In dia or n eighbourin g coun tries at an earli er Rulers who issued eri od han hi s hi h are for on en i en 1 n coin 330 p t , w c , c v ce,

260’ luded n his olume . Whe her A e ander h mse f c i t v t l x i l ,

dur n his so ourn in In d a ssued oin s in his own name ma i g j i , i c , y perhap s be doubted ; but it is at least a plausible conj ecture that

er a n bron ze o n s bearin the usual es of c t i c i , | g typ Al exan der an d his n ame but of s uare form ere issued in In dia , q , w , as the custom i ’ of ssu ng s uare o n s a read e is ed in Ind a in A e ander s ime i i q c l y x t i l x t , but in n o o her oun r . hese e es hen unfor una el t c t y T pi c , t , t t y wantin g in the Bri ish Museum ma be on s dered t , y c i as the earliest Greek

in n co s of I dia .

’ t r ns s ss Notes o P i ep E ays. I n di sche A lter tl mmslcunde 1 . n i u I A riana A t g a . Z eitsckr t iir N umismatik B if f , erlin 1 879 . ’ The con ec ure is Dannenber s Z i lzr . f e tsc i N um. vi . 1 66 note wh H j t g , ( ) , o, however ,

ives the coins to Bactria. I ndia is a far more reasonable a ribu ion g tt t . H L TL E I STORICA OU IN S. xix

I n recen t years the region of B alkh (Bactria) has furn ished an abundan t su l of o n s issued b the immedia e suc essors of pp y c i , y t c

A e an der in h di i * Amon h s ar u a i s wi h a s r . e e e do ble d r l x t t t ct g t c , t Greek letter s on the obver se ; gold an d silver coin s of the first three

’ A n tiochi w h the es of a sea ed A ollo an d Of a horse s head , it typ t p il s er o n s of Se eu us I . i h es of a hario of ele han s an d v c i l c , w t typ c t p t

’ a horse s head coin s i ssued durin g the j oin t reign s Of Seleucus an d

A n o hus I mes of bo h rul r an d ol mone of . bearin the n a e s d ti c , g t g y

an earl kin of the Perse oli an lass i h Pehl le en d . y g p t c , w t vi g

Amon hese also ha e ome to li h a few oin s in old an d g t v c g t c , g

sil er of a k n n amed An dra oras who is con v , i g g , Andra r go as. j ectured to have been ruler of Parthi a or on e of the n eighbourin g countries in the early part of the third century

' The onl an en au hori who men ion s h s k in is Ju s in ~ who y ci t t ty t t i g t ,1

states An dragoras to have been the n ame of (1 ) a Persian n oble set

s a ra of Par hia b Ale an der 2 a Sa ra of Par hia up a S t p t y x , ( ) t p t

’ It is more overthrown eighty years later by the first A rsaces.

probable that the coin s published in our catalogue belon g to the

n f h s rulers The issue of old oin sho s p eriod of the seco d o t e e . g c w

in de n den e that the ruler who issued them claimed a complete pe c ;

he im of the an d this is a further reason for assign in g him to t t e

f the eleu id em re in the Eas abou 250. break up o S c pi t, t

b Cun ni n ham The coin s of Sophytes were first published y g i

h ir da e They are the more interestin g because t e t Sephytes. m l fi d an d place of issue can be approxi ate y xe .

’ i f Ale an der s re n ha We learn from several of the histor an s o x ig t t

eithes or So h tes ruled a d s r on the banks of the Acesin es SOp , p y , i t ict

in 1 1 880 . 1 81 1 881 . 8 . unn . C r in N am. Obr an . 1 879 , ; , P . Gardne , , p p p g h find fr m h u n l 1 881 . 15 1 . Es eciall as a. o t e O s A S . B . J our a x ia R . . , ham, , p p y

in of collec ors. river enriched the cab ets t

1 1 881 . 8. m Citr on. 1 879 . N a . li 41 Cf. , ii 4 x . . , ; tin x . 1 J us , , p p

. 220. Cl won . 1 866 I N a m. . p xx INTRODUCTION .

’ at the ime of Ale ander s in asion an d was onfirmed b the t x v , c y

’ a er in h i f B ut o h tes o ns are o ed from l tt t e possess on o it . S p y c i c pi

ld a ear the ssues n ot of Ale an der but of Seleu us. I t ou i , x , c w pp from h h h tes ren e ed h Seleu us er robabl on t em t at Sop y w wit c , v y p y ' ’ i an dracottus the occasion Of that ki n g s eastern expedition aga n st S ,

l r the frien dship which he had established with A exan de .

A f r hi e di i n for the eriod of a en ur ha is to sa te t s xpe t o , p c t y, t t y durin the hird en ur before our era In dia r o er was o ern ed g t c t y , p p g v ' k altogether by n ative rulers the p ower of the Seleucidae an d Gree kings of Bactria stopping at the In dian Caucasus. The date of the revolt of B actria again st ' the authority of the

Seleu idae,whohad inheri ed all the eas ern ar s The Bactrian c t t p t

revolt. f the em re Of Ale an der an n o be a ura el o pi x , c t cc t y * fi ed. Jus in ho e er s a es ha was con x t , w v , t t t t it temporary with an other revolt of on e of the eastern provin ces of the Selencid em ire ha of the Par hian s un der Ar saces an e en p , t t t v t

h ch ook la e in Abou ha me hen Diodotus w i t p c t t t ti , t , ,

f Ba ria re ol d a a s A n i hu II f ria an Sa ra o e n o s . o S d t p ct , v t g i t t c y , su eeded in es ablishin his in de n den e He seems to ha e re cc t g pe c . v p

pared his subj ects for a chan ge of masters by issuing coin bear

i n the es of A ntio hus II . of S r a - but i h his own ortrait g typ c y i , w t p i

After his establishmen t in the kin gdom he con tin ued this issue

un han ed onl subs i u n his own n ame besides his or rai c g , y t t ti g , p t t,

for ha Of he Seleucid k n . A ordin to J us in Diodotu t t t i g cc g t , § s soon

died an d was su eeded b his son also n amed Diodotus , cc y , , who fnade

’ a rea of allian e h Arsaces the firs Par h an kin t ty c wit , t t i g. B ut it

l r ha all o n h h ha m seems c ea t t Ci s w ic ve co e down to us bearing the

xli. 4.

" r he P ar i n a ardne T t/L a Coin e . 3 1 G , g , p .

M us. Ca ta o u o in s 1 5 f N e eu o m itr n . B r . l Sel cid C . . C . a . C o 1 881 , . 1 1 I g f p , p ,

xli . 4 . J usin calls Diodotus Th s B ut Tro s m t eodotu . gu Po peius seems to

h n m i h P rol. xli had t e a e r lib. . have g t,

— O xxii INTRODU CT I N .

h Euth demus A n o hus ad an ed A fter making terms wit y , ti c v c

h Par amisus n o In dia and made a rea wi h the across t e op i t , t ty t h In d an kin So ha asenus or Subha asena who seems at a i g, p g , g , t t

l ossession of the Kabul Va e the Greek time to have been in fu l p ll y,

re hin i e if at all to the sou h of the In dian dominion st tc g l ttl , , t

u hen e An o hus re urned hrou h Arachosia an d Caucas s. T c ti c t , t g

Dran ian a to S r a. g , y i With the beginning of the secon d century we fin d great changes takin g place in the Greek regions of Demetri us and ra As a On the d a h Euth demu s his son Eucratides Cent l i . e t of y , con uests to q m r us su eeded am find as con em orar De et i cc d we , t p y East South nd r a of the la er the rea Eucratides hose a iv l tt , g t , w career of chequered victory an d defeat may be partly traced in

i ri l recor At the same me the Greeks erha s in con h sto ca ds. ti , p p sequen ce Of the con stantly in creasin g p ressure from the north of

he n omadi r bes of en ral A sia made he r wa a ross the t c t i C t , t i y c

ndian aucasus an d be an to wres from the n a e In dian r n es I C , g t tiv p i c the dis ri ts of Kabu and the Pan ab h h had been eft un der t c l j , w ic l

dominion b the Seleu id kin s m leu us to native y c g fro Se c I .

hus II an d h h Diodotus doe n t em t ha e a ac An tioc I . w ic s o se o v tt ked ; for oin s of Diodotus are n ot foun d sou h of the I n dian au asus c t C c .

On the o her hand hose of Euth demus ar f t , t y e oun d as far south as

Se s an an d as far eas as the Pan ab and the Of Sa a a i i t , t j city g l , n the n ei hbourhood of L ahore bore the surname of E uth d i g , y em a.

Thus the sudden extension of the Greek pale would seem to have been

a fea ure of the a er ears of E uth demus. B ut a ears fr t l t y y it pp , om the

s a emen s of an c en r ers ha the a ua on uer r t t t i t w it , t t ct l c q o was n ot

Euth demus but his son Deme rius who was robab his oll y t , p ly c eague

he k n dom as e as his su ess r in t i g w ll cc o . Thus Justin f speaks of

e were i Som found n the I ndus at Attok. Sec Cunnin ham in am N . Citro g , n ,

‘ 1 869 . 1 37 . , p 1 xli. 6. H STOR CAL OU TL ES I I IN . xxiii

Deme r us as k n of In d a and ra * ou es him h Menander t i i g i , St bo c pl wit

as a h ef a en f r m s ke c i g t o G eek con quest in In dia. What seems o t li ly

’ is that Demetrius made con siderable con quests durin g his father s

fe m li ti e.

We are h r - o e e s ar e us fied in sa in as does v. Gutschmid , w v , c c ly j ti y g, , r “ ha Deme r us h mse f mar hed do n the ourse of the In dus t t t i i l c w c , con quered Pattala an d the kin gdom Of Saraostes(Surashtra) an d

Si dis r h ri of he ommer er obab t e di s t a Bar aza. g , p ly t ct c ci l city yg The careless language of the passage of Strabo in which thesep laces are men tion ed as within the Greek pale seems only to imply that

' some of the Greek kin gs exten ded their con quests so far ; an d it is

reasonable to supp ose that the rule of Men an der was extended farther

to south an d east than that of Demetrius ; to Men an der therefore the

h mor r n a r d con quest of the In dus valley may be wit e easo sc ibe . ’ n di u h demus a uire hrou h his son s a Not o ly d E t y cq , t g ctivity,

rr r in In d a but he also robabl ruled the ides d s ri te ito y i , p y w t i t ct

he Greeks to the n or h of the Paro amisus ever p ossessed by t t p ,

E en n o h i from Margiana to Chinese Tartary . v i t t e Celest al

Empire the in fluen ce an d t he trade of the Greeks seems at this

Of h s a roof is furn shed b a o n time to have p en etrated. t i p i y c i

Fors h from bear n a h nese e en d brought bySir D . yt i g C i l g

d i les Of a Greek k n oss bl and inscribed with the n ame an t t i g, p i y

’ f r Euth demus dea h his dom n ons ere broken u Hermaeus. A te y t i i w p

Deme r ius an d Eucratides as e as b the by the rivalry between t , w ll y

k n s of un er ain ori in su h as th rise and usurpations of fresh i g c t g , c e

first An timachus.

’ Mos of S rabo s s a emen s as to earl Bactrian histor xl. 1 1 1 . y y Geog. , t t t t t c For in s ance he s eaks of the revolt of Arsaces as subseo are loose and incorre t. t , p

mus . quent to the rise Of E uthyde

‘ B ria Persia . 590. 1 In E ncycl. , , p 4 Tha his coin is of iron is now I am in ism Clara”. 1 879 . 27 . , , I Num . , p t t d formed, denie . xxiv INTRODU CTION .

h ri in is o s We kn o howe er b a Of Euc ides also t e o b ure. rat g c w, v , y

f r una e han e the n ames of his fa her an d mo her . o t t c c , t t Coins of f urn shed t u m r l i Eucratides These are i o s by the re a kab e co n s ith hi s father W hi h bear on on e side the head of Eucratides an d w c , and mother. ’ the in scription B a dmebe E éxpan- Ons on the other

the or rai s of his fa her an d mo her Heliocles an d L aodi e . The p t t t t , c very collocation of the in scription s which appear on the two sides

’ ‘ - of hose o ns B a a met E zz/c a r' ld — H MO/chéove [ca t A aodlfm t c i , e p ne ye,

here we seem almos com elled to un ders an d the ord 0 56 w t p t w 9, sho s ha in hem E ucratides in en ds to ro laim his ar n a e w t t t t p c p e t g .

Heliocles does not seem to have been a kin at all for his or g , p ’ rai ears n o diadema but L aodi e s head does seem to e t t w , c b boun d wi h the diadema in the Greek Eas the n ariable si n of ro l t , t i v g ya ty.

A n d in deed her appearan ce on coin s in such a con n exion would s ar el be e li able unless she ere of ro a arenta e B ut w c c y xp c w y l p g . e mus rema n in i noran e whose dau h er she w t i g c g t as. Von Sallet has

ro osed . an en irel difieren t n er r i p p t y i t p etat on of the coin s in ques

i hink - on . He s ha he ere issued b E ucratid s t t t t t y w y e , n ot in hon our of his ar en s but on the o as on of th p t , cc i e marriage of his son li l h af He oc es (w o er ards su eeded him h a L aod e t w cc ) wit ic , whom

Salle on e ures to ha e been dau h er f t c j ct v g t o Demetrius by the h f dau er o An io hus III . hom h g t t c , w t at mon arch betrothed to

Deme r us in the ourse of his I nd an am ai t i c i c p gn . On this hypo

hesis some re en ri ers ha e ried to build fur h t c t w t v t t er structures f h r But i un fi o eo . s tted tobear su h a ei h t y it c w g t . In its favour i s the on e fa ha the n ame L aodi e was usu l ct t t c a in (not peculiar to the Seleu id d n as Of S ria. On th ) c y ty y e other side are reasons

f r i o mo e e h . The or ra s of Heliocles w g t p t it an d L aodice on the

oin s are Of elder n ot oun erson s an c ly, y g p ; d it is n ot easy to see h ow Sa e ou d in er re in the in s ri on s h ll t w l t p t c pti w ich accompany

it S e e a e 1 9 l. vi 9 p g , p . , 1 0. H STO R CA L OU TL N ES . X X V V' " I I I M U -v

th e portraits the genitive c ase in the names of Heliocles an d

L aod e unless he unders an ds befor h m t e r If an ic , t e t e h wo d vies. y

on e arefull om ares the h ad of the l r i l e de Hel oc es l. i c y c p e (p V .

ith ha of Eu i n h f h n . w t t crat des (pl. v . a d t at o t e you ger Heliocles

. 1 h m ll h i . e us a o a t resem l Eu i (pl vii , t w t t b es crat des far more n early

than his son ; which may be best accounted for by supposin g that the

ar s on s ru ed the head Of the elder Heliocles after his dea h ti t c t ct t ,

on the an alogy of that of his son E ucratides. The wars between D emetriu s an d E ucratides are men tioned by

Jus in but the sta emen s of his r er must Wars of t t t t w it

Demetrius and be re e ed wi h rea aut on n or can we belie e c iv t g t c i , v

Eucratides’ his assertion s that the I ndian con qu ests of Eucratides

be on to the end of his rei n or ha D eme rius ruled u n il l g g , t t t t

l the sam im r h i m t n radi m Th n ar Fo e o n s see o o t he . e e y e t e . t c c t c t

o n s of D eme rius ome in almos all ases from Ba ria hose c i t c t c ct , t

i ul ll Th of E ucrat des ar e v ery commonly foun d in the Kab Va ey . e

m riu r reek le en ds on l w h rare e e ion coin s of De et s bea G g y, it xc pt ,

r n z e oins of Eucratides are n earl all bilin ual an while the b o c y g ,

in dication alike of their later date than the mon ey of Demetrius

u in In dia We herefore mu i ere iss ed . s s ll re ain an d that they w t , t t t

the opinion that D emetriu s ruled on ly during the early p art of

f E ucratides in Ba r a as well as in In dia an d ha the r eign o ct i , t t i E ucratides was for a great part of his re gn lord Of In dia as well

Eu cratides foun ded the cit of as of B actria an d Arachosia. y

B ria Deme rius D eme rias in Arachosia an d Eucratidia in act ; t , t ,

Euthydemia in In dia.

m n emen of the ar r C un n in gham places the com e c t c ee of E ucratides

3“ “ cratides bella ma ma vir ute essit uibus adtritus cum Multa tamen E u g t g , q mili hos I ndorum ateretur cum ccc. militibus lx. a Obsidionem Demetrii regis p , uin o i ta ue mense liberatus Iudlam in otes I ium adsiduis eruptionibus vicit. Q t q p

U n de cum se reci eret a filio uem socium re n i fecerat in itinere tatem redegit. p q g , ” — 0 J us 1 n x11 . . i n terficitur. t , TRO U CT O IN D I N .

a u 1 0 an hi mus e a ro ma el bo B . C. 9 d s da e b Reign of t , t t t pp xi t y

‘ Eucratides. * was con r h . His rei n be an brillian l an d ig t g g t y,

tinu ed with chequered fortun e ; but the wide field over which his

coins are foun d an d he r ommonn ess seems to es f to his rea , t i c , t ti y g t

o er e ma also r emark his assum ion Of the i le Ba n ks-De p w . W y pt t t

éf a as a l a i of e en s ve domin ion s an d the fa y y s c e r in d cation xt i , ct

ha his es n i re o ied b the kin s of Par hia an d t t typ a d t tles a c p y g t , 1

b Timarchus kin of Bab lon as show n how widel his mon e y , g y ,§ i g y y

ir ula ed B ut a ears ha owards the en d of his rei n cer c c t . it pp t t t g

ain ro in es ere res ed from him b the Par hian s ro a l t p v c "w w t y t , p b b y

in the ime of he r rea kin Mithradates who ame to the hron t t i g t g , c t e

The rei n of Eucratides a ear s to h about 1 70. g pp ave lasted

un il the imes of two kin s who er ainl mi a e his mon e t t g , c t y i t t y,

Pla o hom the da e on his un i u e an r t , w t q d emarkable coin shows

P a o to have ruled in 1 65 l t . an d Tim , archus of Babylon

1 62 . Pla o would seem to ha e been a mere e hemera r al t v p l iv ,

or a re ol ed sa ra of E ucratid v t t p es.

We mus assi n to the er od of the rei n of E ucratid s t g p i g e , that

is to the firs h lf - , t a Of the secon d cen tury BC the E , uthydemus II . Pantaleon oms of the ki n s E uth m , de us II . Pan aleon c g y , t , A ath g ocles, A a ho les an d A n i ma g , hus I . hi s assi nmen Antima hu I t c t c T g t, c s . hi h a w s firs made b von Sallet is on w c t y , groun ds of s le ui e n n q o es ab e. It is im ossible ty t i c t t l p , in view of the art

There does not seem to be an concl v y usi e evidence on the oin p t. v. Seillet uotes the imi ’ q ation of Eucratides t es b certain earl A t yp y y rsacid kin s as a roof ’ g p ha E ucratides rei n g began earl ; but the a tribution Of the t t y t early coins of the Arsacidae is a matter of dis u e p t .

' Accordin to Cunnin ha 1 g g m, they are found at B alkh in B , okhara ; Seistan the Kabul V alle &c. and a few in the an y, , P jah. For instance Arsaces V Mi h I I . t radates I , , . See Gardner , Tire P ar thia n Coina e . 31 . g , p Other writers at ribute these coins to othe t rs of the Arsacidae B M . . . Cat. Sel id enc ae l. xv 2 50 , p . , p . . ’ ’ ‘ ' ’ ' ' Tr 1 s A ' ' p a mdwov Kai r r To ii au a b uro b w v gq pan d v Oi IIa aim n v : Strabo x1. 1 1 ed Kramer , . . The names seem corru t and have b p , een variousl ame y nded, H STOR CA TL E X XVH I I L OU IN S. an d fabr of the o ns of hose k n s to i e hem as re ous ic c i t i g , g v t , p vi wr ers an d e en unn n ham did to the ear es da s of it , v C i g , li t y

B a r n in de n den A nd h den e of s e is fur her ct ia pe ce . t e evi c tyl t confirmed by the con sideration that as all these kings reigned on the sou h side Of the Paro amisus he an n o be assi n ed t p , t y c t g to an earlier period than that of the In dian con quests of

Deme r us t i .

This n ew light is of the utmost imp ortan ce in the classification

Of the earlier Greek kings Of In dia : it en tirely destroys an order

“ whi h was f ull of diffi ul ies an d u s in its la e on e h h c c t , p t p c w ic

i r is thoroughly intelligible an d sat sfacto y. The coin s of the youn ger E uthydemus are certain ly subsequen t

hose es he borro hose Of D eme rius . here can to t t , w typ t y w T ,

h refore be n o r easonable doub ha his kin was e her the t e , t t t t g it

n er son Of E uth demus I . or else the son of D eme r us an d you g y , t i

mu I A s the oin s of the oun gran dson of E uthyde s . c y ger Euthy demu s are n ot by most writers distin guished from those of the

r it is n ot ossible to as er a n heir fin d - s o s or to de ermin e elde , p c t i t p t , t

its da e wou d seem to be abou . n 1 0. the locality of his reig ; t l t R C . 7 d h From the rarity of his coin s it may be j u ged t at his reign was soon brought to an en d .

es s rike h almos den i al Pantaleon an d Agathocl t wit t i t c types.

a n i kel* for he r co n s an d he alon e use They both adopt the met l c t i i , t y

ds the s uare In dian al habe . he seem herefore in their legen q p t T y , t ,

on n e ed ei her bro hers or fa her and son . to have been closely c ct , t t , t

ound in the Kabu Valle an d the es ern C oin s of both are f l y w t

K n d h s far sou h as a a ar . Pan a an d hose of A athocles a Panj ab, t g t t

or ra to ha e been the elder Of the two an d leon seems from his p t it v ,

a in s sho s his re n to h e been e hemeral. the rarity of his co w ig v p

more idel an d lon er and he has eems to have ruled w y g , Agathocles s

’ t um Ckron . 1 868 . 305. a li ht s anal sis in N . , p See Dr. F g y x viii x INTROD U CTION .

left us in some of his coin s valuable materials for the determin ation

of in i i p o ts n h s history .

Of the rea es im or an ce is a series of oin s * whi h in deed we g t t p t c , c

ma ra her erm medals Of the ei h of A i y t t , w g t tt c Medals struck by A athocles e radrachms issued b A a ho les' in commemo g t t , y g t c and n imachus A t . rati on of h e predecessors In the Greek rule of

Ba r a hese medals re rodu e alike the or rai s of hese ct i . T p c p t t t

redecessor s and ha is s ill more un usual he r oin - es so p , , w t t , t i c typ , t hat only by their style an d their in scription s do they difier f rom

the or dinar oins f ho monar hs T y c o t se c . he i nscription s run thus

A A EEANA POY T OY ¢ lA lrll1 0 Y BAZ IAEYO NT O Z A FAGO KA EOYZ A IKAIOY ANT IO XO Y N IKAT O PO Z A lv T oY Zfl T HPoZ EYOYA HMOY O EoY

h mus ad h To t ese we t d t e p arallel coin of Kin g A n timachus A IO AO T OY ZQT HPO Z BAE IA EYO NT O Z O EO Y ANT IMAXOY

- I ha e else here dis ussed hese medals the ru v w f c t , t e character of

whi h . Salle was the firs to es a l c v t t t b ish. They prove that

Pan aleon an d A a ho les like g , the oun er Euth demu s belon t t c y g y , ged

to the fa ion o E uth demus I an f y . d Deme r us an d e ct t i , w re pre ma l o o ed to E u r su b s c atides. A a ho l y pp g t c es traces his p olitical

edi ree hrou h E uth demus I . Diodotus p g t g y , , an d an A n tiochus , 1 to

5 6 Pl. iv. 1 , 3, xxx . ,

Citron. 1 881 . 1 84 N um. . p I f I t. is disputed which O the three firs Antioehi of S t yria is the Antiochus

Ni or of h se coin s. None f cat e o hem seems reall to have t t y borne the title : the

first was Soter, the second Theos the hird Me , as. I n fav t g our of Antiochus I it ma be ur ed ha he was the onl Antioch y g t t y us who held undis t pu ed sway iii B ac ria and mi ht well be re arded b ! , g g y the Eastern Greeks a f t s ull successor of Ale ander the Grea also his father Sel x ; eucus was called Nicator t . I n favour of I A n tiochus I . , we have the stron ar ument th g g at the t e of the s yp eated Herakles which is re eated on the Bactrian c in is p o copied from coins of S i yr a given by

TRO XX X IN D U CTION .

e en d nl The se on d lass on s s s of oin s of a d fferen l g s o y . c c c i t c i t

“ ei h hi h I all the Persian hi h bear bil n ual ns r on s w g t, w c c , w c i g i c ipti and a diff eren t portrait of the king; The theory is Obvious that

the first lass was issued b the kin hile he ru ed in B a ria and c y g w l ct ,

the se on d lass at a la er er od when he was k n onl of a orner c c t p i , i g y c

‘ f I ndi A nd is reatl in f r hi o a. it g y avou of t s view that the coins

of the B actrian class were largely copied by the barbarous tribes

of en ra As a us as t he oins of Ph l an d A d c t l i , j t c i ip lexan er were by

the Gau s who in aded Ma edon abou 290 hile h l v c t , w t ose of the

In dian class are closely like coins of subsequent Greek kin gs of the

Kabu Valle an d In ia l y d .

Do n to the re n of Heliocles wh h mus be assi ned t w ig , ic t g o about

1 60— 1 20 we are able to ra e h er ain Successors of , t c wit c t ty, Hemm" or i le less han er a n the order of su essi l tt t c t i ty, cc on

k kin s of In dia B ut we n ow arr e on th of the Gree g . iv e verge Of a

h re he da a are er s n eriod of un er a n e t a . In fa p c t i ty, w t v y c ty ct, our

k uld be ome almos ho eless were it n ot ha tas wo c t p , t t the an n als of

China reser e a gen eral ou lin e of the h s or of Principal infor p v t i t y mation from B a ria an d I dia in the ct n accoun t which they give Chm “ sources. f the wan d ri f o e n gs o the n omad n ation s on the wes ern borders of h n a durin the se on d a t C i , g c n d first cen turies

To iden f the n ames of k n s an d f la ' ti y i g O p ces as recorded by the

Ch nese ith hose h h we fin d on the oins is n o eas ask i w t w ic c y t , but

is a ask hi h has been a em ed an d h it t w c tt pt , wit some measure of su ess in the o in ion of hose bes ualified to ud e cc p t t q j g .

The mos re en au hori who has e amin ed the Ch t c t t ty x inese eviden ce

Chi nese account as to the m ra on s of the Y ueh- chi M ig ti , . E . S e h p c t,1

' °f “ 1 ° Yue chi ‘ hus sums it u — The ueh- chi w t p Y ere conquer ed in

201 an d 1 65 b the Hun s an d fled es ard sub u y , w tw , j gatin g the

Ta— hia of Ba r a an d fi in heir sea to the n ct i , x g t t orth of the O us x ,

4“ See below . lviii Jour na l Asiati , p , ue 8th Sen vol 1 . II q , . . 3 , p 48. H ISTOR CAL OU TL ES I IN . xxxi

her w e a Chin ese ambassador foun d them in 1 26 After that visit

- he a ured L en chi the a al of the Ta - hia A hun dr ar t y c pt , c pit . ed ye s

la er Kh u - s u - kio Kad hises ru er of the Knshan s on f th t , i t i [ p l , e o e

Y ueh- chi ribes on uered all the o her r bes n aded the k n dom t , c q t t i , i v i g

of the Arsacidae * se zed Kabu an d Ri - in Co hene an d formed a , i l p [ p ] ,

rea k n d m Hi n uered In d a o . s son o an d the em ire hu g t i g c q i , p t s

foun ded lasted from the middle of the first to the en d of the fourth

en ur c t y .

Who the Ta- hia may be is n ot clear : they have been iden tified

wi h the S hian ribe of the Dahae but the hi t cyt t , C n ese description

of them ea h o n was o ern ed b its ma s ra e he la c t w g v y gi t t , t popu tion ” was eak an d feared war — wou1d n ot a l to an S hi ra e w , pp y y cyt c c ,

but would very well apply to the n ative Bactrian s un der Greek domin ion ; an d the dateat which the Greeks were driven across

the Paro amisus in the rei n of Heliocles ou d fa l n o far from p , g , w l l t

1 26.

In the Kabul Va e the He len ra e held out for a en ur la r ll y l ic c c t y te ,

h u n e f h- hi a i un il Kad hises I . led t e d r bes o ue c a n s hem t p it t i Y g t t ,

an d af er an uishin them r uled the oun r at firs in on un i n , t v q g , c t y, t c j ct o

h the las k n Hermaeus an d fin a l in his a e . wit t i g, , l y pl c

The Chin ese authorities thus give us two dates Of the utmost

value for the recon str uction Of the history of I n dia an d Bactria

m ribes on uered B a r a Heliocles abou 1 25 the n o ad t c q ct i ( ) t ,

25 These da es bo h sui the an d In dia (Hermaeus) about . t t t

n ham es H ma u r l Gen . unn er e s n umismatic eviden ce ve y wel . C i g giv

eri d han 25 ass nin him n deed to so to a far earlier p o t , ig g i

— 2 B ut n ot onl does h s on i h early a time as 1 38 1 0. y t i c flict w t

rds but is a so in oll s on i h n um sma tes historical reco , it l c i i w t i tic

a ree th l For Her maeus was as all wri ers , e as of the timon y. , t g t

it 1 Phraates with the hel of a Sc thian arm , ex elled Tiridates About 3 , , p y y p

hia from the govern ment of Part . X xxl TRO U CTIO l IN D N .

We are herefore ob ed to la e be ween Greek kings of Kabul . t lig p c t Heliocles an d him the reigns of all the twenty Gr eek kin gs whose

u To c ram ll hes re n s n o the coins have come down to s. p a t e ig i t

— f hir ears 1 60 1 30 is an unreasonable ro eed n . space o t ty y , , p c i g

f et ers on Some of the o ns hose of Zo us Moreover the forms o l t c i , t il ,

an d Hermaeus en re re ude us from ass nin hem to Nicias, , ti ly p cl ig g t

n ur r so early a p eriod as 1 30; they must be qui te a ce t y late .

The Chin ese writers also authorize the supposition that the

Scythian race which wrought the ruin of the Greeks was that of

- the Yueh chi who ha e been iden fied h the oehari of S rabo. , v ti wit T t

A n d the oin s in h s onfirm n h n ese es mon sho ha c , t i c i g C i t ti y, w t t the tribe of Yueh- chi to which Kadphises belonged was the tribe

of Kushan alread men on ed on the as a e . , y ti l t p g

Thi s kn owledge is valuable ; but it leaves us in ign oran ce on

n n s We r s n r ma y poi t . a e till u awa e to what tribes belon ged the barbarous rulers of In dia in this age who did n ot come in with

M Az n h i Kad hises. aues es a d e r su essors who es a p , , t cc , t blished a k n dom in In dia as we shal hereaf er see f r h i g , l t , be o e t e days of

Hermaeus do n ot a ear to ha e been Y ueh- chi an d we ar , pp v ; e quite in doub as to the onnex on s of Gon do hares an d o her r u r t c i p t le s. Before proceeding to speak more in detail of the various groups

f k n s we o set for h in the form of a har th - I i g , will t c t e gen eral out

nes of our h s r d o ra h k li i to ical an ge g p ical nowledge in regard to he t m .

xxxiv INTRODU CTION .

a un the rede essors of Heliocles we kn o L eaving out of cco t p c , w already of upwards of twen ty kings an d of two G ek ueen s who r uled in the Kabul Valle an d the Succzzsors of q y Han a“ ; Pan ab af er abou 1 60 an d before the In do j t t , rr n m nt a a ge e . h on ues of hos re i n The orderl Scyt ic c q t t e g o s. y

arran gemen t Of these rulers is a matter of the utmost difficulty

The lassifi a ion of Gen eral unn n ham an d even of impossibility . c c t C i g

is based on in dication s so slight that it can n ot resist serious cri

ticism : an d in deed its validity depen ds in a great degree on his

arran emen of the earl kin s which mu s n ow be en u in g t y g , t giv p

con se uen e of the read us men of Pan aleon an d A a h le q c j t t t g t oc s. Von Sallet so en tirely despairs of an y r eason able arran gemen t that

he ado s on e hich is merel al ha i All t ha h s b n pt w y p bet cal. t a ee ,

m d in atte pte the presen t catalogue is to group the kin gs roughly in some hin like chron olo i al order kee in similar s f t g g c , p g typ e o

oin as far as ossible o h c p t get er . By mean s of t he In dex any kin g

can eas l be foun d an d ha is the hief n e essi i y , t t c c ty .

It will h r oweve be well to set forth briefly what certain data we

ossess for the h Chronologi cal p c ron ological an d geographical as dm‘ ' Si n ment of the kin s g g . We will begin with the

hron olo a c gic l .

The onl on e of h y t ese later kin gs who strikes mon ey on the A s an dard is A n tialcidas who mus herefore Date of ttic t , t t

An ti alcidas be e h r it e a con temporary or an immediate succes and L yam sor of Heli ocl A n es. d as A n tialcidas an d L ysias s rike some coins in ommon h t c t ey also must be con temp orari es.

A ommon e of A p n tialcidas is the ilei O f the Dios uri c ty p c , which seems to on n e him i h E ucratides h c ct w t ; is portrait also resembles

ha Of Heliocle : he ould seem heref t t s w t ore n ot improbably to be lon to the Eucratidian d n as Th g y ty . e con n exion of L ysias is Obsc ure .

There are also a f ew restrikin s h h hel us i g w ic p n the assign H ISTOR CAL O TL E I U IN S. X XX V

Evidence of men of da es to some Of the Greek k n s Of India t t i g . " smkm gs' Heliocles r es rikes some of the oins of S ra * t c t to I,

n d th a e n ame an d types of E ucratides are stamped on a p iece of

A n tialcidas ~ as ell as on some oin s hi h I ha a i ,1 w c w c ve ss gned to

A oll d u p o ot s I ; i but it has been doubted whether these coin s of

Eucratides ere reall ssued dur n his lif im w y i i g et e. A n y attempt fin ally to arran ge the kin gs in dyn astic lists by mean s

of the types an d legen ds which they use is destin ed

to failure . The kin s did n ot inher hese hin s g it t t g ,

but adopted them accordin g to fan cy or con ve

n ien On e or two in s an es will be sufficien t ce . t c t o

es abli a H li s r t sh this. Th t e ocles was son an d succes o Of E ucratides is erha s th m s c r ain fa n B ian hi r Y et h d s p p e o t e t ct i actr sto y . e oe

’ n ot resemble E ucratides in his i le Silica te for er a he does n ot t t ( ; p y s) ,

ear the same h lm a I n th t o la e e n or u se the s me es. e w s w t, typ t res e s D eme rius diff ers fr m his fa her E uth demus On the p ct t o t y .

o her han d Diodotus who r e ol ed a ain s A n iochus II . re a n ed t , , v t g t t , t i

h hese in s an es are suffi ien to ro t e typ es of the Syrian ki n g. T t c c t p ve that iden tity of types between two kin gs is n o proof of their rela

ion to on e an o her n or is diver en e of es an roof ha he t t , g c typ y p t t t y

a S ill less can we dra an on lusion s from the were n ot rel ted. t w y c c f n of a i le or m of a helmet or the adoptio t t .

Perhaps the most suggestive app roximation of types is that which

m are the rare oin s Of A athocleia wife Of appears when we co p c g ,

ra o wi h hose of E uth demus. he bear on the re erse the St t , t t y T y v

Herakles sea ed hi h is n ot usual in the Ba rian same type, t , w c ct

I t is almos cer ain ha A athoCleia mus ha e been a series . t t t t g t v

’ h r n d heiress o her ise as we kn o from the o n s kin g s daug te a t w , w c i

li les Strato also restrikes coins of He oc .

‘ 2 8 allet . 9 . 1 S , p

22 . Cunni n ham in N um. Chron . 1 869 . 6 I g , , p v TROD U CT xxx i IN ION .

‘ of Greek kin s her n ame ould s ar e a ear d on the g , w c c ly have pp e

o d fr demus is. her fore er c in . That s he was descen de om E uthy t e v y / likel e ha alr ad een ha k n A a ho les was robabl son y. W ve e y s t t i g g t c p y

of Euth demus A athocleia ma e have been his ran d- dau h er y g y w ll g g t ,

r B ut in his k nd of a um o otherwise related to him. t i rg en t there

are Ob ousl the rea es r sks an d we ll a em it in n vi y g t t i , wi tt pt o

se on d in s an e c t c .

A large fin d of coins of the kin gs from Heliocles to Hermaeus * Evidence of was discov ered some years ago at Son ip at ; an d n o s n o ip at find' less than 703 Specimen s have been weighed by

Gen m who has a u el su es ed ha the rd . unn in ha o er of th C g , c t y gg t t t e

reign s may be gathered by a con sideration of the amoun t of

wei h los in ircula ion b the co n s of d fferen kin s hose g t t c t y i i t g , t

kings whose coin s are most worn bein g n aturally supp osed to be

the earli The i est . loss s as follows H l e iocles r . Philoxen us r , g , g .

A ollod tus Men an d r o r . e r. p , g , g

S ra o m d r. Dio e es r t t , g , g . m ’ A n i achus II . r . Am n tas r t , g y , g .

A n tialcidas r. H er maeus r , g , g .

L si as 3 73 r . y , g

In - hi l ula i t s ca c t on it is assumed that the n ormal stan dard for hemidrachms is 37 ra n s an d ha all kin s min g i , t t g ted up to that

a s n dard . his is Of cour se n ot er ain n e er heles t T , , c t ; v t s, the results of the es so n earl a ree i h the es imon of s le t t y g w t t t y ty , that we can s ar el be ron in re ardin the abo e order c c y w g g g v as approximately orrec n l o An tialcidas an d L sias should n ot be laeed so l c t y y p ate.

A mon all hese kin s two onl g g , , A ollodotus an d Men an der t y p , are

kn o n to us from o her sour w t ces. Menan der is Menander .

iden fied wi h the Milin da of the Buddh ti t ist work

N m Cit a . ron . 1 872 . 1 61 , p .

T xxxviii INTRODU C I ON .

llea ue Of his fa her the earl er an d his su essor in some art co g t , i , cc p

A n d his robabili w ll be raised almos to a of his dominion s. t p ty i t

’ f A ollodotus coin s c ertainty if we suppose that the restrikin g O p

f - me of the la ter with the n ame of Eu cratides took place in the li e ti t 5 h sin ce the coin s which bear the legen d Philopator can n ot be broug t within a con siderable distan ce of the reign of E ucratides .

li h n d a ion s beside hose of art an d We have thus but s g t i ic t , t

fabr to hel u s in de ermin n the da es of the ic, p t i g t Geographical dM a find- S ots ma us or ha e we li cles to Her e . N ; p , kin gs from He o v and mono rams g . hI cal assi n m n The safer data for thei r geograp g e t .

- l fin d spots of their coin s have n ever been r ecorded with comp ete

ura A n d the mon o rams whi h have been su osed n ess or acc cy. g c pp

in he n ames f mn s ha e n ot been sa isfa ori read in to con ta t o i t v t ct ly ,

i f the dili en efiorts of Gen eral unn in ham whose wan of sp te o g t C g , t

* ma r seems to ro e tha su ess is n ot ossible success in the tte p v t cc p ,

u A n d the at least in the presen t state of kn owledge on the s bject . details of the types adopted by various kin gs help us n o more in determin in g the locality Of their rule than in assignin g their lin e of desc en t .

We can ho e er make a few rou h d is on s of erri or , w v , g iv i t t y .

H eliocles an d his rede essors min ed as we have seen ‘ in B a ria p c t , , ct ,

his su essors on l on the sou h of the I n dian au casus . An d fur her cc y t C t , it would seem that the Panj ab an d the Kabul Valley were frequen tly in

ff h n s f A r h i di eren t ban ds. T us the coi o c eb us an d Amyn tas seem to be foun d in Kabul an d n ot to the eas of the I n dus an , t d those of

Hermaeus are far common er in the same d s ri han in the Pan i t ct t j ab .

On the o her han d the oins of k n s Philoxen us S ra t , c i g , t to, an d

’ Gen . Cunn in ham s readin s have not been acce ted b the bes n umismatis g g p y t ts. Von Sallet remarks Such in ter re a ions and e eriments have too w , p t t xp eak a basis ” to serve for historical inves i a i ns. See also the remarks of M t g t o . Chabouillet in the

N u mis . 6 evue m 1 8 7 . 403 R , , p . HISTORI CAL OU TL INES

A more Hippostratu s are chiefly foun d to the east of Jalalabad.

’ exact statemen t could on ly be made after man y years study on

th s e pot .

The r ecorded fin d- sp ots of coin s are however sufficien t to give u s

n i unnin ham an idea of the exten t of the Gr eek kingdom in I d a. C g

states that coin s of A p ollodotus are foun d as far south as Kandahar

an d Sin dh an d hose of Men an der [ as far eas as Ma hura on the , t t t

amn An n kri li ra ure* J a . d there appear to be proofs in Sa s t te t h t at a Greek ruler (perhaps Men an der) besieged A yodhya an d

Pa ali - u ra O na B ut hese e an sion s ere t p t ( udh an d Pat ) . t xp w

em orar an d here is n o doub ha the on dis ri s h h t p y, t t t t ly t ct w ic

were really Hellen ized were the Kabul Valley an d the western

Pan ab j .

oin s of A n tialcidas A ollodotus Men an der L s as A n i C , p , , y i , t

machus II Di medes Archebius an d Hermaeus were foun d . o b , , , , y

Masson ' f' in the course of a few years at B eghram ; an d sin ce his

ime coin s of E an der Dion sius Zoilu s Am n tas an d o her kin t p , y , , y , t gs

en f un d in the same re ion if n ot on the same s The have be o g , ite .

kin s men on ed an d robabl o hers of Greek ra e mus all ha e g ti , p y t c , t v l reign ed in the Kabul Val ey.

Wi h the Greek k n s we ha e la ed on e of In dian n ame t i g v p c ,

Ran abala hose oin s resemb e hose of S ra o j , w c l t t t , n b la Ra ja a . an d show him to have been n early con temporary

He ma ha e been a sa ra of S ra o who asser e with that kin g. y v t p t t , t d

n His oin s ha e been foun d in the eas ern his in dep en de ce . c v t

m n h s m f r Panj ab an d at Mathurai in co pa y wit o e o St ato .

4“ 22 nin ham in Num. Citr on . 1 870, . 4. Cun g , p

” h m i h lis of coins found at Be ra n t e Jour n . A s. Soc. 1 See his important t g ,

B en a l 1 836 . 537 . g , , p hi a it i 91 . I n s er s su es e . d B . 1 854 6 t that S . in ham J . A . , Cunn g , p t p p gg ‘ identical with Ra a ala a kin of the lunar race of Dehli and Ranj abala may be j p , g , m d nas Th r Ra a of the sa e . e easons a ains that Zeion ises may be Ji vana j y ty g t

re however ver s ron . these identifications a , , y t g x1 TRO U CT O IN D I N .

The barbarous kings who make their app earan ce in In dia after

the destruction of the Greek kin gdoms presen t S hi n s cyt c Ki g . even greater dlfii culti es of arran gemen t than do

th Gr k k n msel es B e een the eas ern e ed ion of e ee i gs the v . tw t xp it

III in 208 n d th ra of Kan erkes An o hus . a e e Difficulties of ti c , , , * ken as fixed to A D . 8 h re is n o hi h ma be a . 7 e w c y t , t

absolu el fi d in an d we are redu ed to ar umen s of mere t y xe po t, c g t

ro abili p b ty.

Of all the o ns of the barbarou s rulers hose of Maues are c i , t

h arl in s e on Salle remarks h h t e e iest tyl . V t t at t e M aues. copp er coin s of this kin g are like those of D emetrius

an d A ollodotus an d belon to a eriod n ot mu h la er han ha p , g p c t t t t

m Greek le r of ho e kin s. In the for s of e s an d th t s g tt , e style of

art his o n s are su erior n ot o nl to hose of He rmaeus but al , c i p y t , so

to those of kin gs such as Zoilus an d Nicias. It is imp ossible to

place Kin g Maues at a later date than the middle of the first

en ur B . C. A n d it is an in eres in fa ou hed for c t y t t g ct, v c by

unn n ham ha his o n s ar e foun d in the Pan ab onl e C i g , t t c i j y, specially

h . a f an d n ot in Af hanis n W r o a . t e N . e mu p t it, g t W st suppose

ha he ru ed o er some Sc hi n aders who had " n t t l v yt c i v , e tered I n dia

n ot hrou h the Kabu Valle but hrou h Kashm r or Ne al t g l y, t g i p , while the country to the west of Peshawar was ruled by con temp orary

At resen the Pass Greek kings. p t es between Kashmir an d

Y arkan d are but l le used but it is s a ed h itt , t t t at the Karakoram P i h ass s open all t e year round ; and the trade between In dia an d arkan d b ha rou e has of la e ear s rea l in r a Y y t t t t y g t y c e sed .

An d we know that in old times Kashgar was far more thickly

led han at eo resent. It is also a m p p t p atter of history that Nepal has more han on ce been in aded b Ch n ese armi t v y i es. It would a ear likel ha at the me of the on ues f B pp y t t ti c q t o actria by the

l w See be o li . , p . H S OR A L E i I T I C L OU T IN S. xl

Y ueh- chi as to hi h some h n has been said a read abou , w c t i g l y, t

1 30 some r be of ha ra e or some o her Sc hic horde , t i t t c t yt p assed southward through Kashmir or Nepal ; an d after imbibing some hin of Greek ci l za ion an d learn in the Greek lan ua e t g vi i t , g g g , succeeded durin g the declin e of the Greek power after Men an der in es ablish a kin dom to the eas of the In dus of whi h Maues t ing g t , c

h r ul r was t e first e .

A zes was a ord n to en eral onsen the su essor of Maues. , cc i g g c t, cc

Von Salle su es s ha he was his son an d reads t gg t t t , Azes, Azili ses. on oin of A zes i h hesi a on the le en d c s , w t t ti , g

YMAVD whi h ma s an d f r v M a zfiov A zes was er ain l , c y t o ibe . c t y

of la er da e han Maues as the forms of his in s ri ion s an d the art t t t , c pt

of his o ns es if His mon e also is n ot foun d to the west of c i t t y . y

J alalabad it 1 s therefore likely that he did n ot greatly exten d the

dominion s of Maues hou h the e raordin ar n umber of his oin s , t g xt y c

es ifies to his eal h an d r A zes s rikes in con u n ion t t w t p owe . t j ct

h As avarma A z ilises Von on es an d S alirises an d Von on es wit p , , , p ,

hi h ws in conj un ction with Sp alahores an d Spalagadames. T s s o

ha A ass A zilises Von on es an d the S alirises rou of hom t t , , , p g p , w we shall s eak resen l all belon to on e ime an d to a p p t y, g t

liri s s m fr m sin le rou of kin s. ut Von on es an d S a se ee o g g p g B p , the fin d- s o s of heir oin s er ainl to ha e rei n ed in Kabul : p t t c , c t y v g

they may have r uled there an d been tributary to A zes but how

they coexisted with the latest Greek kin gs an d the in vaders from Ba r a the kin s of the Kad hises lin e we are unable to ct i , g p , d rm n ete i e.

Of the relations between themselves of the kin gs composing this

s v°n°ne r f he r o n s enable u s to ud e group the legen ds o . t i c i j g i ses Sp ali r , m some measure &c.

/ a a méw a o rkéwv Le l aAw A §ou name an d es of the 1 . B s B [ y titl

a Strategos Aspavarm . T xlii I NTRODU C ION .

” ‘ - aa mémv e dxov A ov a a whéwv a d 2 . B aa theme B a y é B p y

Xov

’ ’ ' - ‘ at éwv e cikov Ova wov Baa ( Aria s dSé bov Sma zov 3. Baa bhécos B p y M

' Evraha épov.

’ ' ’ a méw a a chémv e oikov 0 va wov EwaM O ov vioi) Swmov 4 . B a q B p y p

r ov Zwaha yaddp .

' ' 5 a méw a a th éwv e' dl ov EwaM lo ov B aa zhems' e a hov . B a g B p y p p y

SwaMplaov.

’ ” a ' w 6 'd Zr ah t fa ov= Ba mX€m9 e ahov A ovf 6. B O lJté c ”9 p p y g f

' ' ' - Ba a-LXew ‘ aideN ov EwaM lfa-ou Baa main) ? d8é7t od Sma tov 7 . s b p ¢

’ ' Ewau pta ov.

' i “ 7ra7u§ to Succu ov dBéM ov 7 0 6 ue- ch me S wam ov vioi} 8 . 2 p c b fl p f / a wv Sma l ov Zr aXa y / .

zes un des ribed o n sa d to be in Gen Cun . on on es an d A . 9 V ( c c i , i ’ n in h m ossess on g a s p i ) .

The e den e afforded b hese le en ds is uab e ut n vi c y t g val l , b ot so de s e as m h at firs si h a ear an d a ble f n ci iv it ig t t g t pp , c pa o bei g vari

ousl on s rued. Some oin s ho e er are lear y c t p t , w v , c . Four kings of the set assume the e K n of Kin s Azes A zili titl i g g ( , ses, Von ones an d

alirises but he do n ot do so in su Sp ), t y ccession A zes seems conten t to share the i le in a frien dl wa i h A zilises an d S alirises at t t y y w t p , an ra ed S alirises was bro her of a k n but of h y t p t i g, w ich kin g

does not a ear . S alahores is also bro her Of a k n pp p t i g, and he an d his son S ala adames s rike in on u n ion i h Von ones p g t c j ct w t . Spalyris is an o her bro her and at on e ime S ala adames s r k t t , t p g t i es in conjun c

im s l allian f h on h h . A ose es o is k d ti wit c c t in scarcely occurred in an i u e e be een members of on e fam l we m t q ity, xc pt tw i y, ay regard it;

These reverse i les are reall wri ten in I ndian y . I ive, for convenien t t t g ce, the l n Greek equiva e ts.

‘ This is sufficien roof ha the assum tion of 1 t p t t p the title Haml ets umhé B cov, Mahari a adhiri a does not im l a claim to eneral su remac j j p y g p y. H STOR CAL OU TL I I INES . xliii

as robab e if n ot er a n ha all the k n f p l , c t i , t t i gs o the group were rela ed on e to the o he r . In ha ase it is likel ha Azili t t t t c y t t ses,

Von on es S alirises S a , p , lahores an d S al ris ere all son s of A z s p , p y w e , an d S ala adames his ra ds n on . A p g g spavarma was a mere gen eral or sa ra of A zes — erha s as his n ame seems to sh o t p p p , ow, f Hin du des en The kin dom f Mau c t . g O es lasted in the han ds of these rulers from before the middle of the firs cen ur at leas un il A t t y t t . D . 20

or 30 s readin with ime o er a lar er an d lar er ar I t , p g t v g g ea. must have been p ut down by the growing power of the kings Of the

Ku han ha s b Kad hises II s ribe er . t , p p y p

W e ha e oin s of se eral o her kin s in In dia of the same er od v c v t g p i ,

ha b n Kings wi th who do n ot app ear to ve een co nected with Parthi an name" ei h r as of Kad hi ses or ha of A zes t e the dyn ty p t t .

The only tie which con n ects them together is the Parthian character of heir n mes i i - s om a and in m ases of he r o n e . S e bo h t , ost c t c typ t in n ame an d or ra Pa or s an d Arsaces for ns an e are p t it, c e , i t c ,

horou hl P r n It i er ed ha un der Mithradat t g y a thia . s to be Obs v t t es an d his warlike su ccessors the Parthian s had exten ded their empire

in o Ba ria an d dri en ba k the in adin S hi ans. Some s ion s t ct , v c v g cyt c

of the ro a A rsac d s ock or mere . Par h an n oblemen ma ha e y l i t , t i , y v l i gain ed a footin g in In dia and main tain ed themse ves n Opposition to h h kin s t e Scyt ic g .

f the Parth an ass is Gon do hares The most importan t kin g o i cl p ,

h hom oes Abda ases who on his oin s alls Gondophares wit w g g , c c and Abda aflefl h Th g himself the n ephew of Gon dop ares. e names

en ds da n fr m th hir of these rulers fortunately occur in the leg ti g o e t d * A h h re ord the si of S. homas to Ind a con cen tury . D . , w ic c vi t T i ,

mi ' iii f. also utsch d Rh e l . C G e n 3“ n al vo . . m in Journ . A s. Soc. B e xx , Cunningha , g ,

' N am 1 880 . 296. Gutschmid 1 1 and von Salle in eitscl w. j : , , p M us 1 864 . 6 Z . , p , t e i i as ard one of the hree kin s of the Christian leg nd, s den ical wi h shows that G p , t g t t

Gondophares. T O liv INTRODU C I N .

f fac h ha is un rus wor h but also a basis o . tain in g in deed muc t t t t t y, t

e resen ed as on er in Gun da horus his bro her S. Thomas is r p t c v t g p , t ’ Gad ossibl the Ortha n es men ion ed below an d his sis er s son , p y g t , t

' s s hi hlas n ame seems to be a corr u tion of A bda a es. L abdan e , w c t p g

ma n er lear . The le en d howe er Where these r uler s lived is ot v y c g , v , y

hem to the eriod of S . homas furn ish some groun d for assign ing t p T ,

More rus wor h han an earl ha is the firs en ur A. D . t t , t c t y t t t y t y

l ld e the n scri ion at akh - i - Bah if ould Christian egen d shou b i pt T t i, it c

r r ain Professor Do son ren ders hu s In the be ead with ce t ty . w t

h h rea kin Gon do hares on the hir d da of the 26t year Of t e g t g p , t y

m a ara nf mon h ai akha ear on e hun dred Of the Sa v ts . U or t V s , (y )

tun atel doub han s alike o er the readin Of n ame an d a e n or y, t g v g d t ,

iden ifi d for am atsara me n m l he era be e S v a s ere era. All can t t , y that we c an be sure of is that Gon dophares di d not reign in

hun dred h ear Of the aka era b hi h Kan erkes an d his the t y S , y w c

li da heir n s ri on s for the f hi successors (see p . ) te t i c pti style o s

m a la e as A D . 78 If i u la e h 1 . the name Of coin s forb ds s to p c t e s t . the kin g be rightly read it will prove that Gon dophares reigned

in the nei hbourhood Of Pesha ar but e en hi s is n ot er a n g w ; v t c t i .

oin of Gon do hares di s o er A sil er ed b . Sa le an d fi u v c p c v y v l t, g red in

our la e x i i . 2 ma erha s e us a lue to his da p t x x i , y p p giv c te. It is of

' the t es Of Arsa id sil er oin s an d es e iall r min yp c v c , p c y e ds us Of a coin of ‘

Mithradates II . 90 or 80 hi h has similar e ) , w c typ s on both sidest

ou on e the head Of the kin on the o her the kin sea ed ho din g ; t g t , l g

an ea e ro n ed b a who s an ds behin d him gl , c w y City, t . A n d this last

men ion ed e seems n ot to re ur in the Arsa id oina e t typ c c c g , so that it

m likel h would see y t at Gon dophares actually copied it from the coin

’ f Mithr adates. In age o the in scription of Gon dophares coin we fin d

he e he a br ox ar ai h h is foun d n t pit t p p, w ic o the mon ey of only two

J r B A s e ou n S a 1 8 5 . 3 9 . . . , 7 , p 7 .

Gardner P arthian oina e l. 11 1 , C g , p . 1 9. xlvi INTRODU CTION .

m l ha e been en b Museu . ii B ritish (p xx i . v giv y

Sanabares.

Salle to abou the ear A -D . 80 an d ha e been v. t t y , v , compared as con temporary with mon ey of the A rsacid king

* l ses III of ha er od. B ut the or rai Of San abares Vo oge . t t p i p t t ,

i r sem les ha of Volo eses is s ill mor e ike ha of though t e b t t g , t l t t

h h lm ha in cheek- ie es ike the he me Mithradates II . t e e et v g p c l l t of the la er mon ar h while the s le of work is er su erior tt c , ty v y p

P h da s of lo e hin kn n in ar h a in t e Vo ses. Mr to an yt g ow t i y g .

' homas had read on the Mu seum s ecimen the da e I IT h h he T p t , w ic

r r ed as im l in th 1 3th ar f the Seleu id an d firs of in te p et p y g e 3 ye o c , t

d n d ann o h hr s ian era. B ut his readin is now dis u e a t e C i t t g p t , 1 c t

B ut if it is i en u h uld e s ll in lin ed to be insisted on . g v p we s o b ti c

n a ar s at abou th in n f th i ian era place Sa b e t e beg n i g o e Chr st .

San abares does n ot use In dian hara ers in his le en ds but ei her c ct g , t

r e or Pehl i an d four — of the five oins G e k v , c of his in the B ritish

m fr m Per i Museum Ca e o s a. It is therefore likely that thi s king ruled e us el or r n all to the n or h f i us xcl iv y p i cip y t O the In d an Caucas .

‘ On referrin to the oin s of the A rsacidae e fin ha g c , w d that in t t

series the s uare n and ome in some wen ear s Epigraphy q I. c t ty y h kin s °f t e“ g ’ On the o her hand the s u LLI t , q are I does n ot il I i f 9 . un 8 A . D t s ui i take the place o t . q te n keepin g with these fa s ha Maues uses round le ers on l A zes A zili ses alir i s ct t t tt y ; , , Sp se

d heir on em orar es use the s uare D i h Q an t c t p i , q w t ; Gon dophares an d Abdagases use the forms a an d DJ W e have thus a series of

d 50 to A D 5 n o er n the er o . . 0 T ki gs c v i g p i . he date of Pacores

it " . 356. The te reads V itsckm N mn . 1 879 olo eses I f Z e fi f . , , p xt g ollowi ng

k sch- Os en the erroneous numbering of Pro e t . - r ake the form T IT 1 On other sp ecimens the lette s t 860. They may have no meaning. In the te t his form is used in the le en d of Kin Nicias who I x t g g , certainly

D . n the ac al coins of ha reigned earlier than 8 A . But o tu t t king the letter is rounder and of earlier e. , typ H STOR CAL OU TL I E I I N s. xlvii

an d Arsaces is not eas to fix but mus fall durin h s er od I y , t g t i p i . t

is h , o e er n o e or h as von Salle oin s o t ha the in w v , t w t y, t p t u , t t co of A rsaces 9669 bears re isel the same es as on e of Mau p c y typ es.

The n ameless k n who a ls himself merel So er Me as i g, c l y t g ,

The n ameless n aturally gives u s n o clue in his in scription to ki n g“ de ide his affin i e ome f hi c ti s. S o s coin s are in typ e

an d style closely like those of Abdagases an d as he also makes use

of the form UJ he mus be Of abou the same eriod as ha kin , t t p t t g,

— A . D . 30 5 His oin s are foun d in re u h 0. c g at n mbers in t e Kabul

all ssibl ha e n V ey . He may p o y v bee a member Of the Kadphises d ynasty.

Af ter the kin gs Of Parthian character we must men tion some

o hers whose es are n ot dissimilar et who 3 9mg, and the t typ , y k sa as‘ f i Amon h appear to be o Scyth an race. g t ese the

mos m or an is Heratis hose r emarkable co n l i 7 hrows t i p t t , w i (p . xx v . ) t

m li h er he his or of his rou l im Of la so e g t ov t t y t t b ed t e . te the

' readin g of the legen d Tvpa w ofivr' oq Hpciov has been

dis u ed but i hou so id reason e e as re ards the las ord p t , w t t l , xc pt g t w .

This may with equal exactn ess an d probability be read xoppdvov ;

but e en if we do hu s read the r esen e of the Tv a vvofivr' o v t it, p c p s,

i h i ui e un d s u ed ro es a unusual Greek ords ma b wh c s q t i p t , p v th t w y e

e ed at his me an d su es s ha xc ci vou ma be a cor exp ct t ti , gg t t t pp y

ov The read n HPAOY is allowed b Mr . ruption Of morpdu . i g y

n w dis u es the im or an ord Saka readin Thomas but he o p t p t t w , g: * B ut , in stead of it the un in t elligible words Z AN A S . we must

h hir l r h B ri Mus. oin t e d e e o the word is p oin t out that on t e t. c t tt f

’ l k the N s of hi h there are four in the n s ri ion but . n ot for med i e , w c i c pt ,

la Par h an r ro rade M whi h is on e an d Ba rian oin s an . like a et g , c t t i ct c

i assim hu see ls. xxv v . . s here se m ordinary shape of K : p , p T t e s to

n he ossession of M. Ti senhausen seems to read A similar coin i t p e { AMAB . ' l 1 883 our na . 75. ee Thomas R . A . . S. J , K0 FrAl/lDY S , , p I TRO U CT O xlviii N D I N . be at presen t n o sufficien t reason for doubting that Heraus calls himself a Saka king ; an d we thus gain a confirmation Of the s a emen of an en his orian s ha ha ra e was rom n en in the t t t ci t t , t t t t c p i t

m the Gre k B on ues of In d a fro e s. ut Heraus robab ru ed c q t i p ly l ,

ke o her kin s of t e lass to the n or h of he u li t g h c , t t Caucas s.

' Sim lar in e of head to Heraus is H rcodes on e Of whose ordinar i typ y , y

es ha of the half - horse is aken from s er Hyrcodes and typ , t t , t ilv

“ hm “ o n s of the earl A ntiochi of S r a c i y y i , which cir

Wilson s a es ha mos of hi culated in Bactria. t t t t t s coin s come from ’ u u Mr h the Ba r an s de of the a as s . omas hat he bel n ct i i C c ; T , t t y o g ' A t a e 1 1 9 of the a a o ue il to Kerman . p g C t l g w l be found a few hi h coin s of the same class w c seem to bear the n ames of other kings ; but these legen ds may be mere blundered attempts to

n elli ble n ame produce some more i t gi .

F na we ha e to s eak of a ell- defin ed rou Of k i lly, v p w g p ings which

ts rise i takes i w th that Kozulo Kad hises who Kadphi ses 1 . p and on oin l appears c s as col eague an d successor of

maeus His da e mus be the as uar r Her . t t l t q te of the first cen tury h h f We do n ot know to w at bran c o the widely extended race of

Sakas or n omads Maues an d his su cessors be on ed , , c l g . But we have reason to h nk ha the rou at re n t d t i t t g p p se iscussed were kings of

Y ueh- chi who are iden ified b u the , t y C n n in ham h the Tochar g wit i, an d ha he be on ed to the K ushan bran h of h t t t y l g c t at tribe.

e n We ha e a read s e how Kad hises led the Y ueh- chi v l y p , about

5 s u h ard a ross the Par a 2 , o o misus and on uered Herm t w c p c q aeus,

h m he edu ed t a s a e of ass U n der w o r o ala e. his c t t v g successors the dom n on s of the Y ueh - chi en on in creas n i i w t i g. Probably he was

u eeded b the k n who bears th s cc y i g e very similar n ame Of Koz ola,

it On a coin robabl ar simil to our l . iv 1 Mr. . 3 Th p y p xx , omas reads Gnath in Pehlvi charac er Sassanian I nscr i ti ons s ( p , . Our coin is not su t p fi ciently com. r m u h plate fo e to be s re of t e reading. III TO S RICAI. O UTL I NES

Kada hes who on his mone a s h mself the ru er Of the Kashan s p , y c ll i l .

The ortra Of hi p it t s ruler on the coin s bears so stron g a resemblan ce

Kada hes to ha Of A u us us ha it s ems all bu er ain tha p , t t g t t t e t c t t Kad hi ses n p ' h e must have reigned at the very beginn in g of the

hr s an er C i ti a . That he succeeded the first Kadphises is very p ro

bab e and it is ll l , equa y probable that he was succeeded by the

se on d who on his o ns alls himself Coemo Kad hises an d whose c , c i c p ,

“ re n brin s us down to the a ces i f K n rk in A D W s on o a e es 78. e ig g c . .

thus have a succession of p rinc es of the same or n early the same

n ame e end n over 1 00 ears an d it is hard to belie e ha he xt i g y , v t t t y

do n ot re resen a d n as whi h rei ned in the Kabul Valle p t y ty c g y.

W e ha e on a co er- la e from Man ik ala a ila a record whereiu v pp p t y (T x ) ,

ll d lu f m h t Inscription a satrap ca e L iako K usu ko dates ro t e 78 h

from ' Taxila . r f he r n I t se ms n ot u nlikel yea O t g eat ki g Moga . e y

ha the sa ra i n ues ion ma be Kozola Kada hes an d erha s t t t p q t y p , p p

st l more ro l h h i M M u Kada hes bab e a t e rea k n o a is a es . i l p t t g t g g p ,

who robabl rei ned at the er be in nin of the hris an era p y g v y g g C ti ,

may well be placed seven ty - eight years la ter than the acc ession of

Maue s wh h mus be la ed not so la e as the middle of the first , ic t p c t

cen tury B ut of course it is all but imp ossible that Maues can

n d se ven t - ei h ears Th refer nce must be have himself reig e y g t y . e e

h ear of his rei n but to an era es ablished b him. n ot to t e y g , t y

The eviden cederived from the style an d epigraphy of coin s seems

Kad hises I an d Kad h l Spread of to show that p . ap es ru ed but Yuan— cmi n - I n di he K h i W. a. W n ad ises am n a a art of N . e I ndi . p p c

m the n or th he foun d H e rmaeus rulin in the as an in vader fro , g

lle an d redu ed him to a s a e of de e nden ce . A t the Kabul Va y, c t t p

uler of the Pan ab an d erha s some same time A zes was probably r j p p

u ers su h as Hi ostratus s ill held rule on of the later Greek r l , c pp , t

' When Hermaeus died n o Greek su eeded him the lower In dus. cc ,

Kada hes or the n ame ess d his la e. but Kadphises occ upie p c p , l TRO U CT ON IN D I .

kin mus ha e su eeded Kad hises : he r on em orar es mus g, t v cc p t i c t p i t

ha een A z ilises S alirises and Gondo hares. ha the oins of ve b , p p T t c

Gondo hares an d of the n ameless k ng are alike They become p i

60mm“ under f un d in abun dan e at Be hram whi e hose of o c g , l t Kad his II p es . Kada hes are n ot abun dan seems to sho ha the p t, w t t

Y ueh- chi did n ot i l d h r domin ion in In d a but met rap d y exten t ei i ,

at firs i On l on t w th for midable rivals in the descen dan ts of Azes. y

the accession Of the secon d Kadphises did the p ower of the in vaders

be ome al o h It a ears ha un der him an d c t get er predomin an t . pp t t

his su ces in l - In dia an d Greeks sors was su reme a l . W. c it p N ; ,

Par h an s an d the ra e of A zes alike disa ear from his or as t i , c pp t y

re e ed in the o n fl ct c i s.

Kad hises ] I Ooemo Kad hises was a weal h mon ar h an d the p . , p , t y c ,

foun der of a o erful lIn e Of Sc hi kln s as to p w yt c g , Successors of

Kad hises IL hom n s ri ion s i e us some in formatIOn His p , w i c pt g v . Kanerkes da e is a ou h i h t b t t e m ddle of t e first cen tury a n . and Hooerkes. His successors are the kings called on their coin s

Kanerkes and Hooerkes an d in the r cord K i h i , e s an s ka an d Huv shka.

heir rule om rised the hol f N - W I i e O . n d a an d the Kabul Valle T c p w y .

The date O f these kin gs was a matter Of u n certain ty un til the

br ll an on e ur f Mr Fer uss i i t c j ct e O . g on as to the Their date.

ori in an d use Of the aka era se led the ma g S tt tter . M ’ r . Fer usson s heor is a e ed b most San skr s ho ars an d g t y cc pt y it c l , h t e n um sma e iden e in its fa our is so o er whelm n ha i tic v c v v i g, t t the n umisma is an no hesi a e in h m to o e in fa t . alle t t c t t t j t ; c , v S t had before

’ the ubli a on of Mr Fer uss p c ti . g on s pap er assigned Kan erkes to the same er od in o which he falls on the heor ro osed in ha a er p i t t y p p t t p p , an d ha on n umisma i eviden e onl Th t t t c c y . e n ew theory is that the

Saka era s ar s from h t e da e n ot of the des ruc ion of the Sakas t t t t t ,

a: On i lze Saka Sa mvat an d Gu ta E ras , J . R A . S. 1 8 , 8 0 . 259 . p , p Cf. Max Mii ller I ndia lV/ml can it tear/z. us , ? p . H S OR CAL OU TL ES li I T I IN .

but of the es abl h t is men t of their empire in In dia under Kan erkes.

It is fi ed t A id o . D . 8 Th h r h r are sa x 7 . e dates at Mat u a an d elsew e e

to be as fol o i sm s h omas : A n cie I d an Wei hts . 46 and J a ni l w (T nt n i g , p , , 1 0 p . )

KI NG A i) . Su n YE AR. Y EAR . .

Kanerkes — 1 06 , 9 , 1 1 , 1 8, 28 87 .

Hooerkes — 2 3 4 51 1 1 1 1 9 . , 3 , 39, 47, 8,

'

V — asu Deva 44 8 87 98 1 22 1 76. , , 3, ,

The I n eviden ce of fin ds con firms this assignmen t of dates. a

to e at Ahin P s r Sim son foun d o ether the o h n ear Jalalabad M . p , p t g

followin g gold coin s 1 0 i o n s of Kan erkes 6 of Kad hises 1 of Hooerkes . c , p ,

l of Domi i 1 of ina an 1 of ra an Sab . t , T j ,

The reign s of the Roman imperial person s cover the period

81 - h a n . 1 36; an d this p roves that the dep osit can n ot ave been

buried un il a l in the rei n of Hooerkes b . bou A . D roba t t . p y g

It is true that in the Man ikyala tope there were foun d with coin s of Kanerkes some worn con sular den arii which belon g to the period

before A u ustus bu t is more han robable ha hese coin s g , t it t p t t t

w r f er heir i u e e n ot bu ried till a lon gtime a t t ss e .

I t seems to be u n iversally allowed that the Kan erkes an d Hooerkes

o f the oin s are the Kan ishka an d Huvishka of inscri tion s an d ha c p , t t

i in of the Kabul Valle an d the Pan these were success ve k gs y jab.

u h asu De a of the ins ri ion s who is su B t t e V v c pt , p V a asu Dev . d o orres on d to the B azodeo of the 00a 1 s p ose t c p ,

m r ous ersona e He o erla s i n the da es Huvishka a more yste i p g . v p t ,

3“ it is Kad hises who be i ns the issue of In du Or erha s Kad hises II . as , p p , p ; p g ’ he ear 9 Scythic gold coins and Kanerkes earliest date is t y .

' 2 The coin of her issue now reserved in in 1 8 . f Sabina came to the throne , p

i ish Museum is not as s a ed b revious writers much worn , but seems the B r t , t t y p

h r atl suffered whe her in an cien or modern times, b bein e osed to to ave g e y , t t y g xp

880 . 266. eat The coin of Tra an is worn. Cf. J . R . A . Soc. 1 , h . j p

' B en a l iii. . 34 . Jaw n As . Soc. I . g , p ] ii TRO U CT IN D I ON .

an d appears to have reigned for n o less a period than fifty- four years.

I ndeed if one ns r on be r ht read he some mes da es from , i c ipti ig ly , ti t

ear 5 of the era wh h i e tohis rei n the m oss b e en h y , ic will g v g i p i l l gt

ma of 91 ar s. Prof Do son herefore su es s ha Vasu De a ye . w t gg t t t v y have been the name given by their In dian subjects to kings of the

Kan In fa our of his iew ma be remarked ha erkes dynasty . v t v it y t t

the words Vasu Deva occur in San skrit letters on coins of various periods an d classes ; and the supposed Greek equivalent BAZOA HO o - f s m - bar ar fa ccurs only on Indo Scythic coins o e i b ous bric .

The oin u r succeeded b a lar e ar e of o es c s of Vas Deva a e y g v i ty c pi , some of fa r ood s le o hers of barbarous ork n e her c a ss i ly g ty , t w , it l

arin e r u l be n e i b e e en ds. Some of hes in o e ere us a l g i t ll gi l l g t , c pp , w y

i en to an ma nar k n er Ken oran o u n r n Oo s h be he e e d. g v i gi y i g , c i g t i l g

Von Sall e has ho e er on e ured ha as here . are n o o d oin s t , w v , c j ct t t t g l c wi h the le end Ooer Kenorano an d n o o er bear n the e n t g , c pp i g l ge d

Goerke Koran o the co er o n s abo e men i mus ha , pp c i v t oned t ve been s ruck b k n Hooerke his con e ur t y i g s. T j ct e is strongly confirmed by the dis o r in h c ve y t e Museum series of coins 1 in all respects similar to hose read n Ooer Ken orano but r ead n r Ooerk K ran o t i g i g clea ly e o .

B ut in f act the difference between the two legends is almost evan es cen N ia the on e ak n the la e of K in the o her ho e er t, t i g p c t ; w v , in the inscription s of this class these two letters are con stan tly confoun ded j;

The o d o n h h r g l c i s w ic epeat barbarously the legen ds an d types of

Vasu De a be ome e en ua l of h n fabr an d cu - ke sha e ik v c v t l y t i ic p li p , l e some of the ssues of B z n ium f th i y a t o e ninth and subsequen t cen turi es. B ut he mus be ear ier han ha r o t y t l t t t pe i d, an d are perhaps co ied from the on a f p c c ve c oin s o the class struck at Persep olis durin Par h an su r g t i p emacy.

Cun nin ham A rclzaeolo ica , l R e or ts iii. 30 g g p , . Dawson rn , . . 3 p 81 .

Pa es - 1 1 56 8. Se g e above . l I , p x vii.

1iv 1 m non U CTION .

ers called Arian Pali are used b all the o her more cursive charact , , y t

he lates imes. In the ase of the ed s of A oka kings down to t t t c ict s ,

a us d on in the Kabul Va le an d the the A rian characters re e ly l y,

lsewhere an d h s fa shows ha is roved in In dian characters e ; t i ct , w t p

s how om le el the Greek an d S h an ower man y other way , c p t y cyt i p

i he Kabul Va le in In dia cen tred n t l y .

The lan guage which I have called by the general name of I ndian

San skr r Pali To fix au thor a e the is a debased form of it o . it tiv ly readin gs of words in this lan guage is impossible except to a Pali

c l I ha e herefore i en in n earl all ases the readin s of s ho ar . v t g v , y c , g

r i us wri ers unless he seemed to me to on i i h the lear p ev o t , t y c fl ct w t c testimon y of the coin s ; in which case ( a very rare on e) I have

r d on in n i n I n th as was n e essar to ven tu e ovat o . e c es where it c y de ide be ween ar ous au hori ies I have some imes had the c t v i t t , t

f h ad f r il ll w as ki dl ad an a e o t e e o M . e B en da ho h n v t g vic C c , y all fi i w d r n ri S ill owed me to p ro t by h s i e kn owledge of Sa sk t . t more have I regarded any philological criticism of the for ms

resen ed b the coin - le ends as in ou s de m a k Su h p t y g ly g t i y t s . c

’ r icism mi h well form a su l m n M n ar l c it g t pp e e t to . Se t s va uable

a ers on the lan ua e of he A ka di in t o . i e s o s . an d xv p p g g s ct v l xv . o f the Journ al Asi ati ue bu t in a n um sma i rk q , i t c wo it would be alto e her out of la e A n d h s is l rl g t p c . t i c ea y a task which could on l be a em ed wi h ad an a e b a hi hly - rained an y tt pt t v t g y g t S skr itist .

The s s em h d y t ere a opted in tran sliteration of Pali inscriptions is the same a s is used in other Museum Ca alo ues an n t g , d early iden ti cal with hat u sed b Pr f M o . Wil i . l ams in his L e i on an G mm t y x c d ra ar.

To the le ers in whi tt ch these inscription s are written I have paid

Forms of closer a en ion alaeo r a h bein tt t , p g p y g perhaps more Indi an “ mm n earl re a ed to ar haeo o than to h lo o y l t c l gy p i l gy . To de ermin e he r forms r ir t t i equ es care and a p ractised eye rather than wide l n uis c kno ed I e . ha i g ti wl g ve drawn up a table of A rian Pali MONO MS Iv GRA .

let ers used on the oin s af er areful om arison of the authori at e t c , t c c p t iv

ables drawn u b Gen u h l x r i . n n n x . A ll h e s n t p y C i g am (see p . ) t e lett the table have been cut upon types so that print ing in this alphabet

wil in f u ure be om ar i ith h s u I i n Pali l t c p at vely easy . W t e q are or n d a

chara ers I ha e n ot on ern ed m self as he o ur on so few o n s ct v c c y , t y cc c i .

3 S h lan ua e in Greek har h i ( ) cyt ic g g c acters. These are t e inscr p h Scythic tion s on coin s of t e late ki ngs of the Kan erkes lan ‘m ‘” g g rou su h as PAC NA NO KO Z O VAO KO PANO g p, c , , , ,

an d more es e iall the n am s of dei es on the re ers s hese p c y e ti v e . T

ords so far as at resen iden ified are of n on - S hic ori in w , p t t , cyt g ,

borr o ed from the lan ua es of In dia Persia an d Greece an d w g g , , ,

onl bearin the S hian s am in heir erm na ion an d i n y g cyt t p t t i t o ,

modifi a ion s of the forms of words c t .

L is s of Greek S hi n d In dian words will be foun d ‘ in the t , cyt c a

I ndex of I nscrip ti on s; an d ren derin gs of the last - men tion ed in the

l ii. table at p . xx

— Mon eanns III . o .

I n the field of coin s of all periods is a p rodigious n umber of

o rams and de ached le ers some imes Greek an d some imes mon g t tt , t t

h s cou d be read f he A r an Pal ass. If e e and n er re ed o t i i cl t l i t p t , there can be n o doubt that they would afford u s most valuable

he rea es diffi ul i i n B ut he resen t es. in format o . t y p t g t t c t

n C un n in ham has well remarked in re ard to some of the Ge . g , g

r k mono rams ha heir on s an re urren ce Difficulti es G ee g , t t t c t t c t tion °f i nterpre a ' durin g successive r eign s proves that they can n ot

a s ra es but must s an d for m n s. here is den ote mon etary m gi t t , t i t T

hen the ri er oes fur her an d r es to reason in this ; but w w t g t , t i

in s wh h he res ec el re resen we iden tify the various m t ic t y p tiv y p t , ,

h se oin s bo h in E n lan d an d abroa d are like most stu den ts of t e c t g ,

Wh e herefore we mus ackno led e the un able to follow him. il t t w g lvi mr' nonucri on .

possibility that many of the Greek mon ograms may stan d for the

m f o n r d es here na es o m n s we mus s o shor at ha . No o i t , t t p t t t p i t t

seem an robab l ha we sha l advan e f ur her un i the fin d y p i ity t t l c t , t l

spots of B actrian and Indian coin s are far more exactly recorded than

h r een The mon o rams an d e ters of the Pa t ey have hithe to b . g l t li

a habe do not re ur in the same wa as the Greek but ar r lp t c y , v y fa

r n d do s n ot seem robab e ha he s and for m n mo e ; a it e p l t t t y t i ts.

he ma s an d for the n ames of ma s ra es for the da e er T y y t gi t t , t

n umber of the ssue or he ma ha e been used for some o h r i , t y y v t e

ur ose h h has n ot et been uessed. Perha s in hese p p w ic y g p , t

r ums an es ma seem su er uous to re ord hem a h ci c t c , it y p fl c t , s as

been done in this Catalogue ; but it is impossible to be sure that

a uab e informa on w n ot some da be e ra e f v l l ti ill y xt ct d rom them.

' I n V lhrr s. .

Th e types which appear on the coins descr ibed in the presen t

lu ar vo me e most in teresting from the p oin t of view of art an d

m ho o yt l gy ; but it is to be regretted that they furnish us with

but l e h s or a form n a on . ittl i t ic l i ti We have already n oted the. f u l of r in to ti ity t y g determine the genealogy or the dominions

of the Greek k n b i gs y mean s of the types of their coin s ; and the same ho ds rue in s ar el ess de ree in re ard t th l t , c c y l g , g o e kings of

Sc h ra e. It is a remarkab e yt ic c l fact that throughout the p eriod of wh h we rea here seem to ha be i - e en n N. ic t t t v W . In dia artists

a ab e of des n n or nal es for o n s c p l ig i g igi typ c i , so tha t the n ecessity for a s a ish o n of forei n oin s h h i l v c pyi g g c , w ic g ves valuable mate rial to the his or an does n ot seem to ha e ari t i , v sen .

In the es u sed b Greek kin s we find rea var typ y g g t iety, an d they

T e. of o en to us u e a n yp p q it ew chapter of Greek a rt, creek ki ng" affordin fresh roof of the rem k g p ar able originality TYPES. lvii of the ar s s f h He o t e en s a e. I n re ard to he r s we ma ti t ll i tic g g t i tyle, y n o e two o n s The r l m ra ur t p i t ext aordinary rea is of their port it e.

The or ra s of D m m u an d of e e r us l . ii of An a h s . p t it t i (p . ti c (v

E ucratides a m (v . re among the most remarkable which have co e do n to us from an u an d the effe f hem is he h en ed in w tiq ity, ct o t ig t each case by the in troduction of a p eculiar an d strongly - charac teristic head - dress h h is ren dered h s ru u ous e a n ess of , w ic wit c p l x ct

de ai 2 The f u - en h t l . ( ) decidedly Praxitelean character o the f ll l gt

fi ur f i s ii es o d e on se . Th fi ure of H rak s . . g eit s the rever s e g e le (pl 9,

iii . f 1 o Z us f . f o 4 e . 4 . o Pose don o A o . (iv , vii i (v ) p ll (v ,

o of ix . are all in their attitudes characteristic of the sch ol

Pra e es The es of Greek dei es h h we find are some imes xit l . typ ti w ic t

m r hus o e d s n e han e in h h he are ren dered. i ti ctiv t the styl w ic t y T ,

on o ns of D me rius Ar em s is some mes rad a e . . on c i e t , t i ti i t (pl iii

oin s f h l s 4 Zeus bears in his han d the hree- headed c o Agat oc e (iv . ) t

Heka e Herakles ro n s h mself h a rea h Pa las a ears in t , c w i wit w t , l pp shor k an d man o her su h s ran e forms of Greek dei ies t s irts, y t c t g t a ear pp .

r a on s of e reason s to To search out the reasons of these va i ti typ ,

' be ioun d probably in man y in stan ces in the in fluen ce of local In dian or Pers an e en d or be ef ou d be a er a ra e ask an d n ot i l g li , w l v y tt ctiv t , ho eless on s der n the da a furn shed us b the e en ds of the p , c i i g t i y l g

old In do- h o ns as to h h we sha l resen ha e g Scyt ic c i , w ic l p tly v to sp eak.

is The earliest of the clearly Indian types to make its appearan ce

a dan n - r ear n on han n earr n s an d Semi - Helleni c ci g gi l, w i g l g gi g i g t p e" y rs on the mone of Pan a eon iii. 9 orien tal trouse , y t l ( )

n n i As we ome to a a er er od, o an d Agathocles ( v. c l t p i

- emen r es in h h here is a n on He en e , Hellenic typ es, o typ w ic t ll ic l t f Philoxenus the o ns. On o n s o gradually make their way on c i c i

fin d a rad a e fi ure of a sun - od 9 and Te e hus . 7 we g g (xiii . ) l p (xxxii ) i t 9 l OD viii INTR U CTION .

' 1 m n tas xiv. 1 s an din holdin a lon s e re. On hose of A t g, g g c pt t y ( ) an d H rm 8 we fin d the head of a dei earin Phr ian e aeus (xv . ) ty w g yg

ca hen e . issue ra s B ut when we r ea h the ssues of Kin p, w c y . c i g

Mau l i f mos remarkable an d es s xv . we fin d a eal h o (p . , w t t

origin al barbaro- Hellen ic figures a figur e resembling Tyche

xvi. 3 holdin in on e han d a a era in the o her a wheel wh ( ) g p t , t , o

’ seems to be the origin al of the still more outlan dish figure of Azes

in i i 1 0 1 1 a radia e A r emis h eil i n oun o s . r d h r c (xv i , ) t t , wit v fly g e

head xvi . 4 a dra ed oddess bearin a res en on her head ( ) p g , g c c t , an d s an din be een two s ars and se eral o her S ll m re t g tw t ; v t s. ti o

ri ina i he Z o g l s the type (xvi . w re a seated eus grasp s in his e en ded han d n ot as usual a Vi o i r vi . 9 or a hun r xt , , , ct y. ( ) t de bolt

ii u a i ho ( v . b t be n w seems an imerson a ion of the hun derbol g p t t t, an d s an ds in the mids of it as ell as the e vii 2 wh r t t ; w typ (x . ) e e a n m h erha s a Maenad s an ds ras in two s ems y p , p p , t g p g t of vin e . ’ Mau es suc essors A zes an d A zilises use es of h c , , typ t e same class.

A careful on sidera ion of hese fa s will c t t ct con vin ce us that by some mean s or o her Maues an d his t race secured the services of artists who had been in s ru ed b Greeks but ere n t t ct y , w o restricted by k radi i n n f Gree o s. I ac in hese oin s we ha e th l t t t, t c v e so e remain in g reli s of an in eres in schoo of art ' on e c t t g l , of man y which existed in

A s a in the firs en ur R d an d h i t c t y , w ich have passed away almost

i hou lea in an m mor e a . It woul w t t v g y i l d further seem that kin s g , who ere the a ron s of ar t and un d r w p t , e stood the Greek lan ua e g g , mu s ha e been on siderabl sof en ed an d fi t v c y t re n ed by con tact with i ilized n ei hb ur c v g o s.

The firs of In d an dei es to aim a la t i ti cl p ce on the coin s is Siva ,

who seems to make his a earan e on the o n s i s pp c c i of H ndu typ e . Gon do hares . ii . 8 hou p (pl xx , t gh it must be con fessed ha h s fi ure ma h e ual l t t t i g y wit q p ausibility be called a

Pose don for the h ra er st m i , c a ct i ic arks of Siva are absen t . But on TYPES. lix

o ns of Kad hises II . the bull h h a ars e c i p , w ic ppe b side the deity,

suffi n l cie t y proves him to be Siva ; an d on themon ey of Kan erkes

an d his su essor he a ears in more an d more n a i e form four cc pp t v ,

armed an d bear n the n umer u , i g o s symbols associated with him in

o al beli f i l c e . It s p robable that the goddess who appears on the

o n s of A zes as s an din on a lo us an d h ld n o a o r . c i t g t , i g fl we (xix

is ei her Par a i the dread wife of i a or L akshmi the oddess of t v t , Sv , , g

for un e : the su osed lion hich seems on the oin to lie under h r lef t pp , w c e t

elbo ma be af er all on l a lum of o de hese an d the dan er w, y t y p xi . T , c

on the o n s of Pan aleon an d A a ho les are the on l s r l Hin du c i t g t c , y t ict y

types to be foun d on coin s before the time of the great Yueh- chi

d n as hen o her dei ies ome in as ill be seen b the lis i en y ty , w t t c , w y t g v

below .

To s eak of Par hian es on coin s at all ma seem a misnomer p t typ y ,

sin ce ther e are n o origin al Parthian types in ex Parthi an types. isten ce if w e e e re resen a ion s of the k n , xc pt p t t i g

himself : in hese ma ers the Par thian s r i i a ors of the Gr ks t tt we e m t t ee .

B ut here are n o w hs an d n er a n es of de es an d a er ain t , t it t i g, c t i typ iti , c t

s e of art hi h we learn to asso ia e i h h in f tyl , w c c t w t t e co s o Parthia

an d hen we can ra e hese on o n s issued in In dia a resum ion w t c t c i , p pt

arises ha the kin who issued hem was of Par hian s o k For t t g t t t c .

e am le the or ra s of Par hian kin s bearded an d earin the x p , p t it t g , , w g

d adema ha e u te a dis in as e an d we fin d his as e in the i , v q i t ct p ct ; t p ct

or rai s of Gon do hares Pacores Ortha n es an d Sanabares. The p t t p , , g ,

h r r sen s a ro n in the k n hi h o urs n th type whic ep e t City c w g i g, w c cc o e

I an d subse uen kin s of Par hia is d b n of Phraates V. use mo ey q t g t , y

' iii 4 an d Nike who is on nuall r s n l. . e e on Zeionises (p xx ) , c ti y p t

u ii i lso on o r . ian oin s is ui e a fea ure a . wh h on a n s Parth c , q t t pl xx i , c c t i

d me of h i k n s of h s rou . In dee so e r o n s su h coin s of the i g t i g p , t c i , c

1 0 an d 1 1 are a o e her of Par hian e. as xxiii . , lt g t t typ

f he r es the o d o ns of the on uer n Y ueh- chi In view o t i typ , g l c i c q i g 11 T D CT O ; IN RO U I N .

r The ob erse re kings are of su passing in terest . v p Typ es i of sen s u s i h a fi ure of the k n lad in helme an d yufigffif t w t g i g c t

armour h h ar e losel ike hose born e b the , w ic c y l t y

n ' hi i Th r e erses are e reme first A rsaces of Parthia o s co ns. e v xt ly

aried an resen us i h a mul i ude of es borrowed from v , d p t w t t t typ

h i Had hes o n s been an e i ra hous s r l iff r n m o o es. e eve a d e e t yt l g t c i p g p , their in terpretation Would have baffled all in gen ui ty but fortun ately the n ames of the various deities represen ted are written beside them in Greek hara ers on l some ha d s uised b be n rushed n o c ct , w t i g y i g c i t “ y S h an f rm On hese im cyt i o s. t types two portan t papers have been

ublished Mr h * ' on e b . omas n if man a d n Dr . Ho n s p , y T o e by l Though the presen t writer does n ot pr etend to the lin guistic kn ow

ed e of ei her of hese scholars he en ure di uss heir re ul l g t t , v t s to sc t s ts fr om the n umismatic p oin t of view an d that of comparative

rchaeol a ogy .

On these gold coin s the followin g typ es appear

a - . GREE AND SEM GREEK DE T ( ) K I I IES.

Radia e sun - od holds s e t g , c ptre .

Male moon - dei holds s e r ty, c pt e.

Female dei ho din Sce re hi ty l g pt , w ch en ds in the

fore- ar of a hors p t e.

hese es o ur in th i T typ cc e ser es of coins issued by

kin Kan erkes h Greek e en ds onl g wit l g y . The n ames f o the dei es are i en in Greek n ti g v , ot Scythic .

Ne er heless in the es h v t , typ t ere are clear sign s of barbaris m. The fi ur g e of Helios is iden tical with

ha on b n ua i i t t ili g l co n s nscribed with the n anfe of

Jainism , or fi ne Ear l F aith o A soka R J . . y f A . S. 1 877 .

“ A bkandlun n 1 e . d. Kun de des Mor en landes l g f vo . vii . g , no. 3 . 1 39 , p sqq. lxii INTRODU CTION .

ll s or Roma holds s ear an d sh eld . Pa a , ; p i

‘ ’ ‘ O homas reads PIAH Rhea B ut PI M, Mr . T ,

an d n M is n earer to the a ual le en d, or eve Pu) , ct g

ma can s ar el be dis the types of Pallas an d Ro c c y

- f r n lin ed to fin d her e an tin guished I am there o e i c

rea i su h m erson a ion imp erson ation of the g t c ty, c i p t

man o n s. being usual incon temp orary Ro c i

ara is holds s e re modius on head . S p , c pt

Dei earin mod us holds s e re . ty, w g i , c pt

' h h I am disp osed to iden tify this figure wit t e

ran us ou h he ma almos as ell s and Greek U , th g y t w t

for the In dian Varun a.

T E (B) PERSIAN DEI I s.

- Fire od holdin hammer an d on s. g , g t g

Male fi ure holdin reath an d on s. g , g w t g

i - Mr h ma his is the Iran an fire od alled b . o s T g , c y T Atar s but his for m is copied from that of the

Greek Hephaestus.

X O Sun - od i h hand ra sed Pers an APAGI P g , w t i . ( i

The origin of the n ame is obscure : it may even

be a mere orru ion of O 0 c pt APA XP . ' A POOACFO Male de ho din wrea h horse bes de him ity, l g t , i .

The firs le er has usuall been orre ed t tt y c ct to A .

Hoffman n ho e er obser es ha as it s ands the , w v , v t t t

n ame is n ear to the Persian word L uhr s I i a p . t s

n ot er ain ha we ha e here a sun - od the horse c t t t v g , ,

his onl marked a tribu e be n n ot n y t t , i g ecessarily

solar .

Moon - od four - armed sea ed on hron g , , t t e . TY l PES. xiii

nscr i tions T s. I p . yp e

’ Mr h mas in r r Maonh Ba o . T o te p ets the legend g ,

a a f r n - de Hofi p articul r o m of the Iranian moo ity . man n recognizes the deity as Bahman (Man o Vohfi)

- Moon od holds s e re rea h anku s &0 . g , c pt , w t , ,

- Mac is a Zen d name for the moon god .

- Rad a e sun od ho ds s e re rea h 850 . i t g , l c pt , w t , [In on e case the in scription accompanies a figure f i o Nana a.)

Th O d s n far as I kn w e form N IO P oe ot, so o ,

o ur The dei in ended seems herefore ra her cc . ty t t t

' to be the Iran ian sun - od Mihira han his Graeco g , t

R m un er a Mi hr o an co t p rt t al .

Greek d See abo e un der e es. v , iti

ldin wr h an r V or ho ea d s e e . ict y, g t c pt

The Zen d word Vari ant stands for the star of

M hom on sid victory r. T as c ers the

e en d to refer to A n an dates a Pers an dei m n l g , i ty e

‘ ra * B ut he as a male d i tioned b S bo. e an d y t w ty,

er we kn o n o hin of his charact w t g. O AAO - Win d god run n in g.

“ ‘ ’ ” Z n d in d- od ci té The e e , w g , typ

hara er s ic an d de ided ori in al. is very c ct i t , c ly g o AArNo P - lds s ear and s ord War god ho p w .

' d has been read O PA AI NO an d su The legen , p

' n i Hoflmann Mr homas to refer to A . p osed by . T g

con siders the deity to be the Persian war - god

arhran or Bahram . v , APPo m ¢ n fire s e re sword &c. so e D eity holdi g , c pt , , ,

‘ ’ ’ m/a w a e 51 2 c . at i Ayaddrov He mxé wdat , Qp aw fi Ka , p u p g ( ) T O lxiv INTRODU C I N .

n I nscrip tio s.

me ears n ed helme or s an ds on a fire ti s w wi g t, t ;

me imes holds the adu eus of Hermes an d e en so t c c , v

his purse.

he P rsian rd r or arf r s n ifies fire T e wo f a f ig ,

h th - i n Hoff an d t at e deity is a fir e god is ev de t.

' man n alls him the od of or hcaren anh c g vict y, ,

' ” Hoh i s un d s- lan z e t Siege g .

I AN DE T ES (7 ) NDI I I .

Female de ho d a orn u o iae . ity, l in g c c p

The type i s n earer to that of the Greek Tyche

han h he le en d has been t to any ot er figure . T g

re arded as a rans ri ion of Ardha— u ra ha f or g t c pt g , l

on sor of Si a Par a i . A n d ha O KPO s an ds c t v , v t t t t

for Si a is er ain as we shall resen l see : but v c t , p t y

there still remain s for explanation the aspirate X for

K as ell as the urious ir ums an e ha the ru l , w c c c t c t t c e

an d relen tless Parvati should appear in so mild an d

' propitious a form. Hoflman n con siders the deity in

en ded to be the Persian A shis dau h er of Ab uro t , g t ,

odd of for un O h r s u g ess t e. t e s ppose her to be

L akshmi the In dian oddess of for une who , g t ,

l l rr n ds t h c ose y co espo o Tyc e .

W ar - od Skan da holdin s an dard an d s MAAC HNo g , g t word.

her n be li le doub h T e ca tt t t at the legen d repre

sen s the San skr Mahasen a r u er f t it , l o a great ’ f arm , an e he o bo h Si a an d Skan d y pit t t v a. The TYPE S . lxv

I nscr i tions. es p np .

figure so n early resembles that of Skan da in the

resen series ha it is safe to den if i h him p t , t t i t y it w t .

L a er Mahasena rea ears in some ha iff t , pp , w t d eren t

o o S a s an din h riden and ull kp iv , t g wit t t b ; his hair in

form f a Shell o .

Si a hav n four han ds in whi h he holds a se v i g , c va ,

an In d an hun derbol * a riden an d a i t t, t t, goat

sometimes a wreath or a Greek thun derbolt he

i som mes h ll s eti p a ic .

There has been a quite unn ecessary doubt as to the

den fi a ion of h s fi ure Hoffman n alls it Ahuro i ti c t t i g c ,

an d von Salle Pan heon an s Zeus Pose don Hera t t , i , ” kles &c No doub her is a Greek elemen in h , . t t e t t e

e but the a ribu es rove be on d an doub ha typ , tt t p y y t t t

i a U ra is n en ded. The hun derbol riden an d Sv ( g ) i t t t, t t,

oa are all a r bu es of ha de as he a ears in g t , tt i t t t ity pp

H n du i ures an d the s e a arran emen of the i p ct , p ci l g t

hair an d the phallic n ature also belon g to him espe i Si h h ll On some of the la e o n s va as ree fa es. cia y. t c t c Two figures of ar med deities 5 one holds stan dard

'

an d S ord on e sword an d S ear . w , p

These figures also can be un hesitatingly iden tified

‘ he Hin du od of war who bears the as Skan da, t g ,

f Kumara the r n e an d Vi akha who is epithet o , p i c , s ,

L called in the Mahabharata] a son an d imperson ation

of Skan da .

1 32 this a trib e has been called a dru m. Its form is hat of a drum On p . t ut t , lt in the hand of Siva shows ha it is h but the occurrence of the Greek thunderbo t t t e

I n dian counterpart of that weapon .

c. 2588 iii. 1 4384 & 1 i . , , N lxvi INTRODU CTIO .

es Typ .

e ho fi ures as before be een hem a d , w Two g , ; tw t ity d is app aren tly horn e . d a a n Skanda In this r emarkable group we fin g i

d Vi akha the h rd fi ure a ears to Kumara, an s t i g pp

a n a ho is here differen a ed from a. be Mah se , w ti t Siv ’ e under Greek De es. (LlPO N See abov , iti

(8 B uddha .

f Buddha s and n rea h n . Figure o , t i g, p c i g

- l x . B uddha seated cross legged (P . x xii

These coin s are most in teresting as givin g us the

earliest kn own artistic represen tation of B uddha .

The secon d an d longer legen d seems to be a tran

ak uni * On a Br sh script of A dvaya B uddha S yam . iti

Museum specimen CAKAMA is clear ; the old read

n ANA i h its n er re a ion raman a mus i g CAM , w t i t p t t S , t

n u therefore be give p .

The style in which these various figures are represen ted is re

markable and o n s ear to a o a s h oo . , p i t cl ly l c l c l Style of typ es. There are a few set schemes according to which all

the fi ures ar arr n d Nan aia 1 0 is in e a th g e a ge . (xxvi. ) x ctly e same

- a ude as A rdochro . The sun od x . 9 fin ds his ttit , (xxvi g (x vii )

- lose ara e in the moon od vi . Pa as or Roma v c p ll l g (xx i ll , (xx iii .40)

' f m es i 1 nl in th en f h difiers ro Ar . 7 o e h o er h on (xxvi i ) y l gt c it . This

be n the ase it is e den fu ile to seek the ori n i g c , vi tly t gi als of the types

bf hese o ns as on e mi h be em ed to do on the t c i , g t t pt , Roman aurei

of the aesars. hus he Roma 20 is ose k C T t (xxviii . ) cl ly li e Pallas on

u G n an aure s of alba a d the V tor . 1 n , ic y (xxviii 8) early resembles

The word adva a is ue t a es ion of Mr Bendall y d o sugg t . the full form would

e ad a a— vfl in he wh s b v y , o peaks of the on e WE IGHTS lxvii

V or on an aur eu f ict y s o Otho ; yet we have n o right in these an d

s mi ar a ses to assume ha the Roman o n is the ro o i l c t t c i p t type, an d

the Ind an oin the o - i c c py . Rather both coin types are copies of a

on en ona an d del urren mode of re resen in the dei es c v ti l wi y c t p t g ti .

W hin the limi s s it t et by their con vention al n otion s as to attit udes

nd dra r h i a pe y t e art sts employed by the Scythic kings move freely ;

he ar a ribu es on inua l an d in the ase of Si a e t y v y tt t c t l y, c v ven develop

a type quite differen t from an ything to which they can have been

a us omed in a Greek s ho l cc t c o .

V. E HT W IG S.

I is ma n a n ed b Gen un n in ham h h l t i t i y . C g t at t e ear iest Greek

oins of I n dia hose of So h tes are s ru k n ot on c , t p y , t c Th ri e pu ne. the A i s an dard but on a na ive s an dard hi h tt c t , t t w c

is based he ra on t or rain of ci trus recatorius. Of hese rain s ti g p t g ,

32 ei h a ord n to unn n ham 58 En lish r . a ordin to w g , cc i g C i g , 33 g g , cc g

Thomas 5 W f l i h 6 r . e hus rea h a unit the ura a ol owed n t e g t c , p n ,

early pun ched silver coin s of In dia an d that the money of Sophytes

follo s h same an dar d is ikel en u h hou h if so i is h w t e st l y o g , t g t rat er

- over weight .

r f m hes s e men s all the earlier o n s of the kin s of A pa t ro t e p ci , c i g

k n hi h were ssued in Ind a an d t use of Attic Gree desce t w c i i o

Standard" n h of th au asus are s ru k on the A the ort e C c , t c ttic

s an dar d dra hm rain s whi h A le an der made u ni versal in t ( c , g ) c x

h re on s hi h he on uered an d hi h was main ain ed b the t e gi w c c q , w c t y

im in A ia Seleucid kin gs who su cceeded h s .

The earliest mon ar ch to strike on an other standard is Eucratides

i h r e n s of his su essors Heliocles an d An tialcidas the an d n t e ig cc , ,

i adual en u the n ew s an dard ad an in A ttic stan dard s gr ly giv p , t v c g in conj u n ction with the custom of using on the coins I ndian tran

n ds scripts of the Greek lege . NTRO CT lxviii I D U ION .

This n ew stan dard appears to be identical with that called by

i the Pers an the s an dard on h h metrolog sts i , t w ic

Persian standard. in ere s ru k In all ar s of the Pers1 an Em i re co s w t c p t p ,

h i l s am ed h the fi ure of the Pers an k n hi h n otably t e s g i t p wit g i i g, w c mus ha e freel ir ula ed in the n or hern ar s of In d a h h t v y c c t t p t i , w ic

Th s an dard used paid tribute to the Persian s. e t by the In dian s for the sil er o n s hi h he ssued before the Greek on ues is as v c i , w c t y i c q t,

h r we have already remarked different . T e p esen t standardtherefore

ould seem n ot to be n a e to I n dia but an m or a on fr w tiv , i p t ti om

Persia.

I n the Persian stan dard the un it or drachm weighs 84- 86 grain s if therefore the lower stan dard of the Greek kin gs of In dia he

Persian we mus all the hea ier e es h h ei h as , t c v pi c , w ic w g a maximu m

1 60 rain s d dra hms an d the smaller ie es whi h ei h u to 4 g , i c p c , c w g p 0 m ra n s hemidrach s. Hi her o the lar er i h g i , t t g p eces ave usually been

rea ed as didra hms an d the smaller as hemidrach t t c , ms, of A ttic

s an dard whi h is earl ron . B u al l t , c cl y w g t S let a so app ears to be

ron in su osin ha the lar er e es are e radra hm w g pp g t t g pi c t t c s, an d the smaller drachms of a s an dard redu ed from th A t c e ttic . For the

han e fr m the A i s n c g o tt c ta dard to that which I call the Persian takes

l u denl an d is a e s d , e iden l due n ot to an sinkin of s an dard p c y v t y y g t , but to the ado on for ur oses f pti p p o con ven ien ce of a differen t weight f in s or co .

All old oin s before th I - g c e n do Scythi c period follow the A ttic

s an dard s m h o e a debase - t , w t d. The I n do Scythic Gold standard. old mon e as we h g , a e alread obser ed iii y v y v , p . l , follo s the s an dard of the aurei of Rome w t .

The follo n ab e es a ro ima e th wi g t l giv pp x t ly e n ormal or stan dard ei h s of g o n s in the ar ous me als issued in I i w t c i v i t nd a by Greek an d hi k n Scyt c i gs. PERC Y GARDNER .

THE AR A PAL I AL PHABET ON CO S. I N , IN

Value. Value. Forms. 1 lxxu J

TABL E OF T RANS L IT ERAT IONS AND REN

DERINGS OF PRAKRIT L EGENDS .

I ndian .

IND IAN PA L I .

AFAO O KA EOYZ ”ANTAA EO NT QZ

Kin enitive BAXIA ESZZ g (g ) .

ARIAN PAL I .

AFAO O KA EOYZ

AMY‘ NT OY ANTJAA KIAOY ANT IMAXOY

AN IKHT OY In in cible v (gem) . A FIO AAOA OT OY

AN IKHT O Y Invincible en (g ) .

ihata Aprat sa In vin cible (gem)

A ratihatachakrasa. Invincible with the discus em p (g ) . Apulaphan asa AHO A AO ¢ANOY

A rkhebiyasa A PXEBIO Y

A rtemidorasa A PT EMIAQPOY

Ashshakasa APZAKO Y

Avadagasasa ABA AFAZOY Ayasa AZ OY Ayalishasa or AZ IA IZOY Ayilishasa

The distinction between lon and short a is not r g p eserved in this table , as the two forms seem to be used almost indiscriminatel y. mr nn ' x u eo cr o . lxxiii

’ Bro her s son e AA EA¢ I A EQZ t (g n.

her AA EA¢O Z Brot .

it An d ( encl ic) .

' a ra n ZAT PA IIOY S t p (ge ) .

ro b P tected ythe gods (gen.

ad l Ste fast in the aw (gem) . See

ad i . below, sach hramath dasa mik Jus en for dhar asa. t (g ) ,

Epadrasa ENANA POY

Evukrati dasa or EYKPAT | AoY

/ Gudapharasa or FO NA OQAPOY or Gadapharas a YNA C Q? EPPOY

HA lO KA EOYZ EPMAIOY

Just to those born on the Indus. sam Same is Sk . ah

Bendall. O O HMO KAA ‘NXOY ln”OZT PAT O Y

‘ O Y Jayadhm sa N'KHN P Victorious (gm ) .

Co uering : a seconda y forma Jayarntasa or nq r h ‘l a msa J y f gzztzsssrsifizfiizezzz

naculars. Bendall. Ixxiv INTRODU CTION .

od of th i G e c ty of Karisi.

KAAMZ O Y

KOZ OYAO or KO Z O AA

KO PO N or X0 PAN s Ku han (tribe) .

L isiase or L isikasa AYI IOY

Mahachhatrapasa a ra em S t p (g ) .

in K g (gem) . Maharajabhrata or h Bro her of t e kin . Maharajabhraha t g

Mahatasa or m Pali mahan a Grea e : . Mahatakasa t (g ) , t

rea rince em Mahisvarasa G t p (g ) .

Menadrasa. M ENA NA PoY Moasa MAYoY

Nikiasa NIKIOY

Perha s for an sh p 8k. pal ak a ’ mesa able to rote , p ct (gem) . K sh not being a Praln'it com bina tion of letters, we have not been able to find an example

of it in Arian Pali . Bendall.

‘ Illustrious for pratikshiyasa em Be a (g ) . nd ll.

on e S (g m) . mm nu i o o cr r . lxxv

alasa Ra w Rajab , mj

bulasa &c. } ,

' ' Ra adiraasa or Ki n of k1 n g _ gs (gen) li ajargjasa

Steadfast in true lawz— for satya Sachadhramathidasa dharmasthi tas a B n y (gem) . e

dall.

Brother z— for sa arb Cun Sagaba g ha. nin ham g .

i a ita To whom his father Sampr y p is very dear . This seems to be a rendering of the Greek Cun nin ham g . a Sarvalo a i varas Prince of all the world em g s (g ) . Sasasa

Spalagadamasa Spalahorasa Spalirisasa Z HAAIPIXOY

Stratasa ZT PATQNO Z

m Gree - General e k ” ds. Strategasa (g ), pawy

Saviour z— p erhaps for a Pra krit r ada sa em of k ra t an ta (g ) , . S . t Bendall nakartri . .

Vrishabha TAYPO Z Bull .

h em O O ue ? g . Yavugasa or Yan ase. ZA Y Y ( ) I EN CORR G DA .

‘ — h e n o 4 . 69 nos. 9 1 0 The . ob ct described n e . , p , , je i t t xt ’ he kin h e merel the as a. whi p over t gs s ould r seems to be y

Azes and succeedin d the coins of kin s his Vi e i s ado e . g g t w . pt

’ 1 03 l d5— The firs le er in the , t tt

' e i u and somt mes as g . or even gmp

H GS OF BAG’I‘RI GREEK AND SCYT IC KIN A AND INDIA.

Reverse. '

DIOD OTU S I . G OF BACTR A : , KIN I

Obverse. Reverse.

K I OF BA IA D I T NG R . OD O U I . S , CT

e l ed ir 250 R vo t a . .

a old ( ) G .

Head the kin r. diad E Zeus stridin to g , . BAZ IA QZ g A lO A OT O Y hurlin g thunder . bol ae is on 1 arm at his fee t g . ; t, ea le l g .

to L rea h , w t .

id . kin r diad. AZIA EQZ Zeus s r in to l Head the g ., B t g , A IO A O T O Y hurling thun der bol ae s on 1 arm at his fee t gi . t, l eag e l.

a h P] to 1 wre t . [ . I .

en P] . 1 7 cresc t. [ . ]

mom .

PL 62 to M [ I .

A rtemis clad in Head of BA Z IA EQZ , _ O O shor chi on A IO A T Y t t , holds orch i n bo h run n ing r. t t n ds ui ver at shoulder beside ha , q ;

r houn d runnin r. he , g

1 [ P] . .

beari n an elderl head of Diodotus and on the reverse The gold coins g y ,

- f r r The wreath an d s ear head are re ar ded as o e ies. the symbols of p , g g y

omin on and all from one die. are very c , A GREEK ND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA »

EU THYDEMU I KING OF BA RIA S CT .

uc es r f i do S c so o D o tus IL air . ( ,

old (a) G .

Head of the kin r diad; Herakles beard g . , BAZ IA EIZE , ed,

on ro k in r l c ; . , c ub, which also

rests on rock.

‘

to l . P 1 Il [ L .

He h ad t e kin r. dia . BAZ IA EQZ Herakles bearded g , d , , EYGYA HMOY n aked sea ed 1 , t .

on rock in r . club hich al ; , , w so res s on ro k t c .

PI . 1 1 .

7 211 1 1 5 EU THYDEMU S r. G or BA CTR A . 5 , KIN I

Obverse. Reverse.

erakles bearded Head of BAZ IA EQZ H , ,

O n aked sea ed 1 . EYGYA HM Y , t ’ on r ck on which is s read lion s o , p skin in r han d club which res s . , , t

on his kn ee.

' [ R I 1 5 t r races of rock under club. o . , k (t ) 1 [PL 1 .

- ( semi barbarous. )

rl ortrait (7 ) Silver elde yp .

H rakl s bearded dia . QE e e f h kin r. XI Head o t e g , d BA A E , , O n aked sea ed 1 EYGYA HM Y , t . ’ on k on which i s read lion s roc , s p

skin in r. han d club which res s ; , , t his kn ee on .

to r. . , k

to r. | , k

h rse r Head of bearded Herakles BAZ IA EQZ Free o . , r in r bare. an c . . , p g

P] 1 1 . . . 7 [L Q C . ]

Free horse r . laur. E Head of Zeus , BAXlA QX O ran cin EYGYA HM Y p g.

I 1 1 L . . P . . to r. O , k [ C GREE A ND S TH GS OF BA K CY IC KIN CTRIA AND INDIA.

Obverse. Reverse.

DEME RIU S KING OF IND IA . T ,

( Son and successor of Euthydemus I . )

- H Bus of the kin r. di ad. BAZ IA Efl Z oun erakles t g , , Y g , ’ h n O facin h l wearingelep a t s scalp . A HMHT PI Y g o ds ’ in 1 h n . a d club an d lion s skin , ; i h r hand r n im w t . ; c ow s h self with

i - r vy w eath.

1 2 9 5 211 1 3

2 2

{3 2 3 l ' 35

I . O. [ . C ]

to r semi- r I ; . , A ( ba barous. )

6 1 [ u se to . 1 k P . 1 1 .

7 5 5 3 -8 to

8 2 8 ZR ' 8 ( coun termark Herakles crown ing him

self. )

9 ' h 9 IR 5 ead not bus . ( , t )

0 9 IR ° 5

1 o ZR ' 5 7 EMETR U S G or A. D I , KIN INDI

(B) B ronze.

rakle Artemis radia e Bus of He s r . t , BAZ IAEQZ , t , facin A HMHT PIOY g, ’ ld 1 hand sh r hi n ho s in . ivy; lion s skin roun d o t c to ; ,

bow wi h r . han d draws arro t , w

Pl 1 . 1 1 l . [I . 0. C . . ]

- r on h d on round riden . Go g ea , BAZ IAEQZ T t shi eld. A HMHT PIOY

to x

Head of elephant r BAI IA EQZ IOY hung roun d n eck. A HMHT P

4 1 PI. £ 1 1 5 to [ . GRE ' F EK AND SCYTHIC KINGS O BA CTRIA A ND INDIA .

Obverse.

E THYDEM II K U U S . , ING OF IND IA .

c ss r (Son and suc e o ? of D emetrius. )

' r (a) Silve .

Bus of the kin r. diad. BAXIA EQX oun Herakles t g , Y g ,

E YA O facin iv . YG HM Y g, y wn ed l cro ho ds in r. hand wrea ; , th ’ of iv in ha d y; n , club and lion s

skin .

to l P] 1 1 1 . k [ .

6 - - 5 to 9 5 1 7 1 , 4 .

635 ° 75 P] 1 1 1 [ . . (plated)

k (B) Nic el.

A ll l r - Head of o o au . I ri od lebes p BAZ A EQZ T p . EYGYA HMOY

° NI 5 P] . 1 1 1 1 1 82 9 [ .

B ron (y) ze.

Head of A ollo r AZ IA EQZ ri od- labes p B T p . EYQYA HMOY

to l. P] 1 1 1 , [ . .

Head of bearded Herakles BAZ IA EQZ

r. , bare. EYGYA HMOY

P ] 1 1 1 . [ .

1 0 H S OF B GREEK AND SCYT IC KING ACTRIA AND INDIA .

Obverse.

AGA HO L ES KING OF INDIA . . T C ,

and successor ? of D eme rius ( Son t . )

(a) Silver with p ortraits of his p redecessors.

AAEEANA POY BAZ lAEYO NT OX Zeus seated T O Y ¢IA| nnoY AFAGO KA EO YI I. on throne Head of Alexander as A IKA IOY wi t h back ; ’ in lion s holds ea le and lon sce tr . Herakles r. , g g p e

skin .

25l ° 2 to l. P] W l . I . . , k [ ]

A IO AOTOY Head of BAZ IA EYO NTO: Zeus stri ding ' O Diodotus O O o l t . I QT HP E A I AG KA E YZ , hurling

’ r. iad. A IKA IOY h u n d e rbol , d t t,

ae is on 1 . arm at his fee ea le l g t, g .

- t a h 2 Al, 1 3 o l. re tor. P]. N , w t , E [ .

EYGYA HMOY Head BAXIA EYO NTO X Herakles; BO Y of Euth AFAGO KA EOYZ b e a r d e d Q y ,

demus I . r. died. A lKA IOY n aked e , s ated

I. on rock in r. hand u ; , cl b, which

rests on a rock.

“

3 261 2 At 1 2 to r. P1 , [ IV .

Silver with hi s own ortr (B) p ait.

n Bus of the ki r. diad. BAI IA EQX Zeus facin t g , , g, clad ArAe o KA O in E YZ himation ;

holds in r. hand h - , t ree headed Hek wh ate o bears two torches

in his 1 . hand lon sce r , g pt e.

24 ' 9 4 0 s fR I to 4 . PL [ IV .

- 5 63 6 Alt 8 P] IV [ . . AGATH s 1 1 OCLES, u e or more.

Obverse.

i kel (y) N c .

Bus of Di . on sos r wear Pan her r . ouch t y . , BAZ IA EQZ t , t m Iv - Wrea h h rsos o o in a vin e wi h e y t . t y ArAe KA E Yz g t

o er shoulder. r i aw v his a sed p .

6 1 1 7 5 45 to .

7 63 5 belo w, K

8 B ronze round . ( ) ,

" BU S]; Of Dion sos 15 W03 1 Pan her r. ouch y : BAXIA EQ): t , t

in iv - rea h h rsos A F O KA EOY in a in e wi h g y w t , t y AG Z g v t

r h er his raised aw. ove s ould . p

1 to 1 . 1 . o. 0. P . . , R [ IV

bilin ual ( e) B ronze ; square g .

d ine MM GIBSS lion r R t l SZX . f I l j , [ (kathn AP/eé OQ/EE0 YZ in incuse t . s uare. 1‘l kleyasa) . q r i h Female figu e ] . w t long pen dan ts from her

ears clad ' in orien al , t drapery with trousers d a holds in her r. han

flower.

E l ' O

E l ' O

P] w L . . . [ 0. C 1 2 RE G EK AND sorrmc KINGS or s norsm AND INDI A .

Obverse. Reverse.

d (Z) B ronze square Indian legen .

7 W ° idu a Same ree 7 A 2 d 7 7 (Aku T V1 0 (H j ). T Buddhis tlzukre asa . e en c osure y ) t in a square rail d l . s u a surmoun ed b t p , t y

star.

le ers ? in fie d P] . w. tt l . [

AN IMA HU S KING or 1 1 mm. T C ,

Descen dan and suc ess f ( t c or o Diodotus l).

ilv ( a) S er.

Bus of the kin r. diad. Z I E O Pos d t g , , BA A QX GE Y ei on,

earin causia. ANT IMA O facin wear w g X Y g, ing himation and wreath ; holds

in r. han d riden in l. , t t ; , bound i h fille w t t.

62 t r P1. 1 o . [ v.

2 60

3 52

|to r

' to r. 1 IR. 6 P] . 5 3 [ , N [ v .

te r. . I . 1 0 O. 6 | , k [ C . n nn mn I 3 c r s G r morma AND mom. u , KIN o

Ob verse. Reverse.

EU CRATIDES KING F BA RIA AND INDIA . , O CT

on m r me rius I of S ria e o ar o An iochu I d De . ( C t p y f t s V. an t y

a il t e A o l ( ) S ver ; yp , p l o.

in of he kin r diad . : I EQ A ollo l. clad Bust t g . , BAZ A Z p ,

- ord IA O chlam s and fillet b er. EYKPAT Y y l arrow and bow boots ho ds .

257 [ R1 2 l

256 JR 1 3

261 B 1 3 [I. 0 . C .

261 [L O. C. ]

' 8 to l. KI. L Q. . P] . . 5 5 7 (border of dots. ) [ , [ C v

v t e The Dioscuri . (B) Sil er yp ,

iad : AZ IA ESZZ The Dioscuri e kin r. d . B Bust of th g ,

- AT O char in r. fillet border. EYKP IA Y g g , l in l n lan es and alms ho d g o g p .

] elo . P . . b w, k [ v

I 0 w. [ . . 1 4 ' GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA .

Obverse.

' r diad E O Bus of the kin . . l Z I AA Y t g , , BAz A Efl M and wearing helmet in

the sha e of a causia The Dioscuri char in r. holdin p , , g g , g lon l ces and alms adorned with car an d g an p . horn of bull and cres , t :

- fillet border.

8 261 2 belo 4 5 w 1 .

PI [ . v.

1 0 2596

1 1 2588

1 2

1 3 258-2

1 4 2445

belo P1. 1 5 57 5 w, [ v.

border of do 1 6 ( ts. )

1 7 595

to 1 . A ri en 1 8 55 3 , W ( B zmm z w tt

. 1 zmm z) [ . O

' 1 EU CRATIDES K G OF B ACTR A AND A . 9 , IN I INDI

Bus of the kin r IA E Z The ilei of the t g . , BAZ Q p

sun h ounted by stars ; an d

1 ; [ o. c ]

[L o.

milar e. diad. lA Efl Z Si in r . AZ k g , B typ EY KPAT IAQY and helmeted.

v [P1 . .

1 o. [ . 1 6 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA .

Obverse.

8 B ronze round t e Dioscuri . ( ) , yp ,

' n d O Bus of the ki r. dia . I A t g , BAXIAEQZ ME A Y and helmeted fillet EY KPAT IA O Y l h ios ri char in r . h o din border. T e D cu g g , g

long lances and palms.

E ‘ 95 belo w, H

IE

n d m. a ]

m u . 1 m. u p b ]

Same inscr. One of the D ioscuri char in r holdin lon lan g g ., g g ce .

P1. [ VI.

BAI IAEQZ MErA “ N ? I L (Mdhdraj asa E cu o EYKPAT IAOY I ll 7 kr otzdasa or E u kin r Bus of the . t g , krdtidasa . The Dioscuri ch me ed ) argin g diad and hel . . t

r. holdin lon lan ces and a , g g p lms.

ml mm m j .

I. O. C. P vi [ ]. .

E -75 [1 . 0. c. )

1 8 G E AND TH C I GS OF A RE K SCY I K N BACTRIA AND INDI .

Obverse. Reverse.

' BAZ | A EQZ MEI A ’ N Y I S TI (Mdharaj asa EW AO Y EY KPAT 'A0 Y dt das ‘ kr i a): The H d f th k a ’ ile? Of the 1 m m “ su m m ed dizg n l e P 2 i mosbbfin i. , t - ms s ars and two al . by t , p

B ronze s uare t e Nike (C) q ; yp , .

' ‘ BAZ IAEQZ MEI A M V ' 7 3 1 (Mdharaj asa O ' A Y EYKPAT IAOY q ’ ' 2 krati d asa Vi l 7 7 ). Bus of the kin r t g . , 1 beari rea h and alm died and h lme d » ng w t P . e te .

L o. Pl [ c. . V1 .

Similar 2 bearingwreath

MEF O m AA Y BAZ IA Sa e insor. EQZ EYKPAT IAO Y Bust of the king

s ear p . n nmo 1 9 cw s AND L AODICE.

Obverse. Reverse.

B ronze s are t e Zeus. ( fl) ; qu ; yp ,

B zlA en z MEI‘ A A ( Karisiye AOY EY KPAT 'A OY nagara Zeus seated ] . B11 t f th 1cl l é ’ r on hron e holds wrea h an d alm 3 aid helm t t ; t p ; (1181 . e dd.

in fron fore ar of ele han r. t, p t p t

behind con ical ob ec . , j t

‘

] v . to r. . P . 1 , X [

EU CRATIDES WI H HEL IOCL ES AN1 ) L AODI E. , T C

E u (Father an d mother of cratides. )

- O O Bus s r BAZ IA EYZ MEI AI HA I KA E YX t jugate . O of H i l EY KPAT IA HZ KAI AA A IKHZ el oc es, '

us of Eucratides r. wi h bare head an d L aodi ce diad B t , t ; ,

an d helme ed . diad. t

° - - der to IAI fillet border . 251 4 JK I 25 (fillet bor ) . ( ) L 1 1 P . v . [ o. 0.

P1 . v1 . to l. . 61 l { R 8 | , IAI [

i" in ham who inter rets of Gen . Cunn Thi s is the conjecture] reading g , p , ’ These coins are sometimes restruck u on the god of the city of Karisi. p it seems however not i m robable that the ma money of Apollodotus : , , p y y n oductio have been issued after the death of Eucratides. See I tr n. E .AND Y H GS O F BA R A A D D 20 GR EK SC T IC KIN CT I N IN IA.

i : n ex. PL VL r , [ nnmocnns. 21

Obverse. Reverse.

HEL IOCL ES.

" (Son or brother of Eucratides. )

ei t ( a) Siloer Greek imcmjotion Attic w gh .

Zeus laun us f he kin r. diad. : l Efl z B t o t g , BAz A , ,

- O facin clad in fillet border. HA IO KA E YZ g, A lKAI OY himation holds winged thunderbolt and long ce re s pt .

l 261 2 111 1 3 to lg

2 258

3 259 7

4 249 8 1 R l ° 1 5

' "

ex. . 5 246 6 in , Ill

6 240 8 IR I ' 3

7 205 1 £ 1 0 5

in ex. 8 58 9 ,

A or A . 9 56 7

- s m b barous. inset . e ar to l. In ) 0 56 8 5 0 8 , ( i [L O. G K A ND SUYTH IC NG F B R AND A REE KI S O ACT IA. INDI .

A lKA IQY bolt an d long

' BAZ IA EQZ H orse trotting

L [ o. c ]

1 P . [ VII . 1 a3 HEL IOCLES. [ 0

Reverse. Obverse .

ER HEL IOCL E8 1 ( ANOTH ).

tion Persi n wei ht. 7 Silver I ndian inscrip a g

‘ Y BAzlAm X A lKAl TfiwETEl VV (Md/zdraj asa ° H ' K/‘E Yz ‘ Y A Z A flf O dhramikasa m r Qgl6 k . gust 0 g , Zeus I ms facin Hel , s , g, clad in himation ; holds winged

thunderbolt and long sceptre.

- L Pl. vu. 46 3 1 05 to wer. [

- to L o. c. P1. vn . 34 jR 65 x. [

34 zit -65

26 zit - 65

r B ronze squa e.

BAzmm z A IKAI O OYZ OY HA I KA E , d 'b 7 A 2 A 1 dhmmzkasa, kin r. Bust of the g ,

diad.

belo d w, N . 24 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

Obverse. Reverse.

Z IKAI ‘ v 9 BAZ IA EQ A 7 77 W2 7 3 1 1 (Mdhdraj aea oY HA IO KA EOYZ YA Z A 61"! dhmmekaea Bus of the kin r. t g ,

diad. , bearded.

E belo w, 2

' ' - - E 85 abo e insor. ends kre eu ea . v , R ( )

Pl. vn. 7 [L O. 0.

BAZ IAEfl }: A IKA I Same inset . Indian bull r. OY HA IO KA EOYZ han r Elep t .

I . o 0 Pl. vn . [ . .

to l. , W .

Restruck on a. coin of Strato the r i , ema ning on ro o s the reverse f m previ us triking.

H 26 GREEK AND SCYT IC KINGS OF BACTRIA A ND INDIA .

Obver se. Reverse .

BAZ IA BI22 N KH ‘ “ ? I T 1 ? A S 7 3 LN (Mahd (to POY ANT IAA KIAOY Bust ‘ a adharasa Amtialilczd Z j y asa) . eus

sea ed 1. on hron e holds i n r t t ; .

han d Nike in l. sce re to L , ; , pt ; , fore ar of ele han who rais p t p t, es hi s k trun .

h me ed . 33 3 6 kin el to r . l . e e han r ( g t ) , H ( p t . )

345

37 2 I [ .

35 8 P [ ]. VII.

37 8 ele han l . I O. . ( p t ) [ . C ]

l 37 6 6 (king wears

2 37 6

L I. [ P vu .

B h ie ins r us of t e San o . Zeus sea ed 1 on hrone t t . t ;

kin r . di ed. holds in r. han d Nik in e l. e g , , , se p tre to l. fore ar of ele han L , p t p t , who carries off the wrea h t of Nike.

6 kin wea s a belo r cau i . w hron e I ( g s ) t , 9!

lei. PI. [ VII . ANTIAL OIDA‘ S; 27

Obverse. Reverse.

B ronze round (y) .

' ‘ BAZ 'A E'QX N'KH 7 1 3 A 3 7 2! (Maha O POY ANT IAA raj asa filA O Y Bust of Zeus a adharasa Amti aliki dasa L au r. wi h hand hurlin J y ) , t g rea e ilei of the D ioscun sur hun derb l p , t o t . t moun ed b s ars be ween hem t y t t t , w t o palms.

to r . , lfl

[PI. VIII .

nze s uar ( 8) B ro ; q e.

A I QZ N I ‘ “ ? B Z A E KH T 1 ; A zi 7 3 LN (Mafia o PoY AN IAA “ q 4 3“ T I 7 1 ( 2) 7 7 017 zlA O Y Bust51? Zeus a adlzarasa A tialikidasa L au - m r. bare headed hun j y , t ) rea e ilei of the Dioscu n, sur derbolt over 1, shoulder: t p moun ed b s ars be ween hem t y t t t ,

two palins.

to r. PI. . , [ VIII 2 8

BAZ IA EQZ N IKH 4>oPoY ANT IAA raiasa

in n erbol g thu d t. be een em tw th ,

ame inscr l S . b under , ed.

30 GREE AND H F ' ‘ K SCYT IC KINGS O BA CIR IA A ND INDIA.

’ ‘ BAZ IA Efl Z A IKH i u N Tj mf v

’ walkin d l . an c ub OVeI: shoulder. g

n 7 , monnnns. 31

Obverse. Reverse.

D ME DES IO .

il r t a S ve e oscuri t ndin . ( ) yp , Di , s a g

l BAZ 'A EQ: XQT H N -‘V Yfi l i THfi (Maharaj asa, P0 2 A IO MHA O Y ‘ a~ 0 q A fi tradatasa D i y Bus Of the ki n 1' dlad t g s Dioscuri facin madam) The , g, l in lan c ho d g es.

: to r. , d

he e e ( king lm t d) . n

Silver t e D ioscuri mounted. (8) yp , ,

BAZ IA EQZ m T H ! Mu m asa “ ( j 0 A IO MHA O Y P 2. C W 5 7 , A ? tradatasa D iya f the kin r. diad. Bust o g , The D i oscuri char m medusa) . , g g l es an lms r holdin lon an c d a . . , g g p

5 belo h. PI. . w, [ VIII

lme d PI. (king he te ) . [ VIII

s uare (y) B ronze ; q .

EQZ ZQT H BAZ IA (Mdhdraj asa P0 2 A IO MHA OY ” TR“ ! A ? tradamga Diya The D ioscuri facin , g, ll r sa . i n bu meda ) Ind a . es holding lanc .

belo . PI. . w, IQ] [ VIII

2 5 . 32 GREE AND SC TH C I GS F A K Y I K N O BACTRI AND INDIA.

Obverse. Reverse.

H ARC EBIU S.

" BAI IA EQZ A IKAI n e w U N / 2 vsr w v ‘ OY N IKHDO POY ' 7 A (Md hdraiasa APXEBIO Y Bust of dkramikasa j ayadharasa Arkha the kin r . di ad g , . bi asa . Zeus facin clad in him» y , g, ion gold l in l t s ong sceptre . and hurls hunderbol i h r t t w t .

to L P4 c , i . [L o. .

1 to r . , E

lme ed . kin he PI Ix. ( g t ) [ .

BAZ IA EQZ A IKAI YV A S 7 77 41 2 OY NIKH¢O PO Y APXEBlOY Bust of dhramikasa a adharasa Arkh he k n diad. wear a t i g , j y

bi asa . Zeus facin clad in hima ing aegis an d thrusti ng g ) , g, ion holds l n i h s ear o sce tre in 1 . hand w t p . t g p , an d hurls thund

kin helme ed . to ] : I . O. Pl x ( g t ) d [ C. . 1 .

to l. to r , k ; . , W

L 0 0. P [ . l. xx.

B ronze roun (B) d.

BAzlAm z A IKAI Y TV A ? ! T77 W E 7 2 h ov NIKH¢O POY " A W Md dr aea O ike l F N h i APXEBI Y N . , ( q dhr mi k holdin g wreath and a asa j ag/adharasa Arkhe bi asa alm . OW]. p , g )

to r. 4 . N P1. 1 x , [ .

34 D ’ ‘HIC F A GREEK A N BOYI KINGS O BACTRIA AND INDI .

Obverse. Reverse.

'

APOLL ODOTIJS I .

a ilver r nd tt wei ht ( ) S ou ; A ic g .

Y Q-z N - TSH- O O OY ZQT H A A T (Mdhdraj asa Ap aladatasa trada P0 2 Ele han band p t a Indian bull r. t as ) . roun d bod y.

ver s uar I ndian wei ht (fl) Sil q e ; g .

' r ‘ BAzlA- En z A IIO A mgx rj mfij AOAOT OY Z QT H (Mdhdraj asa Ap aladatasa trada O Ele han ban d P Z p t tasa In i ull r ) . d an b . roun d bod y.

37 b l e ow I n in scr. , k )

37

37

37

38 [ L o.

36

37

’ 38 on bull s hum p . )

37 L [ o.

0 ’ L 1 8 5 below L O C, , [ , ] APODL ODOTU S I: 35

" Tfii i 7 1 531 19] 7 § l

of dots. 36 G K AND scrr GS or A REE mo KIN BAOTRI AND INDIA .

Obverse.

BAzlA En : AnoA 7 - 7 A g l — fi AO AOT OY ZQT H PAEEraj asa zp alZdataaa tmda

A ollo 1aur . POZ p , Tri taco . pod on stand “ 1 square in hol and fac g; ds in h , d s of ht . arrow in

o o. [ L . )

8 “ to l. , El .

n

blu nsor ndered. (i . )

8 B ronze - ( ) ; aquare p erha s o A ollodot m p f p .

In dian bull r in s u . , are ri od i n s uare of q T p , q dots. of do s t . L o . 0. P [ l. Ix.

' 38 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA .

Reverse Obverse. .

u (B) B ronze ro nd.

‘ ‘ ‘ BAZ IA EQZ ZQT H 7 1 H‘ Ifi7 TY TV U P0 2 ' AHO A AOA O (Maharaj asa tradatasa Ap alada

T O Y A ollo r. clad p , t sa ri od. a ) . T p in chlam s an d boo s y t , holdingwith both han ds an arrow ; a quiver at

his shoulder.

to l

P1 [ . x.

r (y) B ronze; squa e.

‘ BAzmen z zn T H 7 fi 1 r 1fi7 yvfiw P0 2 AFIO A AO A O ' Makaragosa ti adatasa Ap alada O A ollo facin T Y p g, clad in chlamys an d boots ; quiver behin d der holds in 1 shoul ; .

han d bow in r. arrow , ; , , which rests on the

roun d. g 1 to r. P] It . , 1 . [ .

m n m insor A ollo r. Sa e i sor ri od a e . . S p , . T p clad in chlamys an d boots ; holds with both han ds an arrow ; a i l er quiver at h s shou d .

l. to r l to W . c ub . , ; , an of coin round PI (fl ) [ .

mon s. obs ur c e.

5 to l. , ? to r. , e wi s uare of do s (typ q t . )

to r F4 . , I . O. Pl [ C . . x . AP L PH L OPATOR . 39 O L ODOTU S i1 . , I

Reverse Obverse. .

BAz men z an H , u P0 2 KN o O O O ”AT P E Afl A tasa - ri od ) . T p . .AO A OT OY A pollo r clad in chlam s an d . , y

boo s holds in r. han d t , l ‘ arrow in . bow. ; ,

m n hi e wi hin s uare of to r. o . e wi n s uare of (typ t q , (typ t q

— fillet- a ern fillet a ern . p tt . ) p tt )

BAZ IA EQE ZQT H P0 2 KAI (DIAO

”AT O PO Z - Ano l\ i d t sa r o . a ) . T p AOA O T O Y Similar e typ .

PI. 9 . [ x . J

‘ ‘ within 7 1 1 d fi7 7 7 am

- f fill t a ern . sq uare O e p tt (Maharaj asa tradatasa Ap alada

Diadema. tasa) . 0 ' ' 4 GREEK AND SOYI HIO KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA .

Obverse.

STRATO I .

a ilver ( ) S .

BAzlA En z EFII¢A yr .1 1 r p m ~ u NO YE ZQT HPO Z 2a7 2” W “ zT PATn Noz ratichhae r t p a t ada aea S ratu m. Bus of the k-in r t ) t 8 P m han allas l hold m th l. d ae 1s , g g , di ad. and wi h r. hurlin hun derbol t g t t.

J kin ears helme . to P 3 1 05 ( g w t ) N . [ I. x .

PI [ . x.

BAZ IAEQZ 2 3 T H “! TY IN (Maharaj asa PO Z i T PATfl NO Z

f he in r. Bus o t k g , di ad. t Similar type.

kin lm t 358 A} . he e ed. o l. . P 7 ( g t ) , lel [ I. x.

‘ ’ 2 . to r 1R 6 . , 1 7

semi- barbaro ( us.)

376 IR 7 ; L O Pl [ . C. . x.

‘

35 4 IR 6 1 Z.

34-4 111 6 9 1 v0 P1 [ . x.

‘ IR 1 ; 2

I. 0 . [ C. ] las lin e of in s ( t or. p adayashasa

3’ Or cha mch tchhasa l , p .

1 This is one of the coin s sometimes wron l iv g y g en to an imaginary kin Ro g, sastonos.

42 GRE AND SOYI' ‘HIC GS OF BA TR AN A EK KIN C IA D INDI .

Obverse.

8 Bronze s uare t e N ike. ( ) ; q yp ,

BAz lA Enz zn ' rH ‘ T IT L 7 2h .

Bust of bearded Hera

i o shoulder k es r. ; ver , club bou wi aenia nd th t .

t r O . o . L . PI x1 . , lei [ C .

[ L o.

Y 77 WE 7 T “ 7 2 mm ” P0 : A IKAIO Y

trada tasa dhramikasa i mflar t S yp6 . Similar e typ .

to r. , H . 43 AG T L E A wrrn STRATO. A HDC L ,

Reverse.

BAZ IA IXZ HZ GEO W 1 THW ' 7 7 W? T PO IIOY AFAGO KA EIAI Bust of the

lme ed. ueen r . he Q , t 44 REE AND TH C G F B A G K SCY I KIN S O ACTRI AND INDIA.

M NANDE E R.

BA'Z IA ED I 2 9 T H

Bus o r di f the kin . ad. t g ,

wi h r t . hun derb l t o t .

to l. to r , I ; ,

d 1 (king helmete ) .

’7

in helme ed . to r. (k g t ) , E

to n g .

46 GREEK A ND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRI A AND INDIA .

Obverse .

BAZ IA EQX ZQT H

u B “ “ the ki ngr " dmd‘ Pallas holdin in 1 . drasa) . g lin hand a is an d i h r. hur eg , w t g rb l thun de o t.

"

t to r. . o l. , , I

to r. , IQ.

me insor Bu f th i Sa . s o e S milar t .

thrusting A ER 47 MEN ND .

Reverse Obverse. .

BAZ IA EQZ Z QT H (Mdhdraj asa P0 2 MENANA PO Y tradatasa Mena we r Bus of the kin l . a t g , holdin in 1 . rdsa . Pallas r. d ) , g ing aegis an d thrusting han d ae is an d with r. hurlin g , g ith s ear w p . thunderbolt.

36 38 2 3 to l. , Q .

37 38 3

38 37 8 3

to r. I . Pl . xi . 1 L 39 37 7 3 , Q [ ]

40 38 2 3

41 37 8 3 to PH.

42 37 9 3

43 38 2 3

r nz ortra it (B) B o e ; square ; with p .

‘ ‘ BAzlA en z zn T H 7 711 ‘ L 7 31 1 N V Poz MENANA POY Mm Bus Of the kin 1 t g " l holdin in asa Pa las r. 1 dr ) . , g . d earin ae is di e . w g g i an d Wl th r hurli n l l . g an d thrusting with Ilii r dgiifi,

I to r. . , Q

Pl x1 I O. . . . E . [ . C 48 R F A G EEK A ND SCYTHIC KINGS O B ACTRIA A ND INDI .

Reverse.

BAZ IA EQZ XQT H P0 2 MENANA PO Y

B s o P llas r. wear u t f a , In r g c ested helmet.

below , IQ]

and alm p .

I [ O.

l 1 P . x .

imil r S a . m n Sa e I scr. Nik e wreath a a n d p lm.

[I Q C ]

24 PI 4 ; [ . m . i n } GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF B ACTRIA A ND INDIA.

Obv Reverse erse. .

B ronze s re cl ( e) ; qua Heral eian typ es.

BAzlAEn z zn T H : ’ v 7 . x“ r u f fl shw P0 2 MENANA PO Y ( Mdhdraj asa trci datasa Mena ’ Ele han s h d bell ea r. p , drdsa . lub u wards t ) C p .

round n eck.

to l. to , IQI; r A .

P [ ] . XII.

L [ o. e ]

5 below t r , A o . , 7

1 B ronze s uare whe ( 5) q el.

BAXIA EQZ ZQT H f W “ N ? . T L -C 7 fij \ r I P0 2 MENANA POY (Mdhdraj asa trddathsgMena heel W . d d P m r sa . al ) .

mon to r. . L O. P . l. , [ C XII .

1 B ronze s uare with title Sm ( 1) ; q ; auis.

BAI IA EQX A IKAI 7 . v MENANA P° Y (Maharaj asa dlzrzmikafa Mena Pallas 1 holes a e a ? p t r drasa Maneless Indian li 1 ) on . and s ear a ains whi ch p , g t

lean s shield.

I ' belo 5 A 85 . w, h 51 DIONYSIU S .

b r Reverse. O ve se.

(a) B ronze.

BAz mm z N IKH $ A >Jv:la ( ’O O ErlANA PO Y ’ I P Y (Mdharagasa j ayadharasa Ep a IdS l e advan cm 13 3hO a In dia ll r n bu 0 g dr sa) . an d alm wreath p .

] P . below E K O. . , [L C XII

D IONY SIU S.

‘ ‘ w . BAzlA En z zn T H fi i 7 j 1 u Mahmu d b“ 7 1 ”7 0 IO NYZ IQY P 2 A 7 A 77 ' 9 7 ’7

Bus Of the kin r. di ad' t g , holdin Pallas l. Dianisiyasa) . g

1 han d ae is an d with r. in . , g ; ,

hurling thun derbolt.

l . P . O. . é [I . C XII

5 BAZ IA EQZ ZQT H YA fy-‘F7 7 Tj fiw u P0 2 A lo NYZ loY (Maharaj asa tradatasa D ianisi hlam s ladin c d. A ollor. c . ri o p , y yasa) T p an d boots holds in both han ds an arrow a quiver

“ L o. e 1 430 11 . o l. m t , 5 , [ ]

bscure. mon s. o 52 GR E N TH C GS OF BA A E K A D SCY I KIN CTRIA AND INDI .

Obverse. Reverse.

ZOIL U S .

’ " a Silver with title Sma t ( ) ; ds.

" N W " 7 4 9- 27 1 7 § I

iad d . l Herakles n r e a m. faci c own d ) g, wi h iv holds in r han d wrea h t y; . , t ’ in L club an d lien , s skin .

PI. 7 4 [ XII .

8 5 65 I . O. C [ . ]

‘ I - ‘ E BAZ IA EQZ ZQT H ' N V P I L TY I U (Maharaj asa O O Bus ‘ P I I QIA Y t F T 4 5 tr d i I 1 a atasa of the k n r. diad. g , ‘ J hoilasa . Pallas l . holdin ) , g in

1. han d ae is an d wi h r h l , g t . , ur in hun d g t erbolt.

34 8 ‘t L o. C. P I. m 1 [ . 1 .]

37 4 6 Z in insor. L o. [ c. )

37 6

36 6

34 4

38 2 . L a [ o. e ]

54 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BA CTRIA A ND INDIA.

Obverse. Reverse .

APOL L OPHANES.

a il ( ) S ver.

BAzlAmz znT H (Maharaj asa ’ Po): ADO AAoWv c 7 I 7 tradatasa 8 fi A ala n P ll 1 ld ha asa a as . ho p p ) . 3 11 331 e2ed in in 1. han d ae is an d i h r g , g w t . diadem ied roun d the t hurhn hunderbol g . helm t t et.

to l. to r. PI. x m. l . , , a. [ ] u

I [ . o. o. )

AR EMID R T O U S.

BAE IAEQX ANI - “ u l1 /7 7 7 3 L ua KH T OYAP T EM ‘ " l [ J ’ ’ é ' T 1 N ii 7 (Mdhé rc asa AQPOY Artemis y h t“ n f emcdomsa faci n holds in l bow ) . g . , , glfiggl si f and i h r. draws arrow w t , from ui h ack q ver at er b .

belo ( PI x w, K [ . m. 55 A T MA CHU S IL NICEPHORU S. N I ,

Obverse .

AN IM A H S II NI E HORU S. U . C T C , P

BAZ IA EQX N IKH TSY ‘HZ 7 ‘1 9 A ‘l o PoY A NT IMA XO Y Nike L holds ; m k n a hasa . The kin weari ) g, g alm an d wrea h p t . causia diadem an d chlam s , , y ,

horseback r.

l to . 37 6 6 , XIII .

37 5

37 8

38 4

37 8

37 5

37 8

38 3

36 7

e squar .

BAz lA m z NIKH 7 99 4 1 27 W3 A 7 7 § w ¢O PO Y ANT IMA O Y A e is : in the X g Wreath and palm: - mi s Gor on head . d t, g

I mu below P . . , H [ 56 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BA CTRIA A ND INDIA .

Obverse. Reverse .

d (a) Silver roun .

BAZ ‘ IA EQZ ANIKH T oY «NAO E ENO Y (Mdhdraj asd Bus Of the k ' i n r di ad. t g . , a adzhatusa Philasinasa . Kin p ) g, helme d di on h r ed an ad . o eback t , s

r . horse ran cin 5 p g.

“ below C for in in sor , b 1

PI. mu [ .

1 kin helme ed . P1 xm ( g t ) z 8 . [ . .

ilver s uar S ; q e.

BAZ IA E A IKH

' T OY gli 0 3 ENOy ' ' 7 7 ' 7 q l 1 77 Mdhé ra7a m Bus Of the ki n r 1 ad ( d . t g . , ‘ a adihatasa Philat sin Kin asa . p ) g, helme ed and dia d. on horse ack t , b

r. horse rancin , p g.

36 s [ R 6 below o. L . P1 xm , [ C . .

2 B .

35 [ R 7

'

27 3 [ R 6 kin helme ed . L O. 0. PI. mu ( g t ) k [ .

25 JR 7 E . la ed ( p t ) .

26 [ R 6 I [ . O.

Sometimes w f I I or a .

K GREEK A ND SCYTHIC INGS OF B ACTRIA AND INDI A.

Obverse. Reverse.

NICIAS .

‘ BAU A EUJE EUJT H N (or 7 A 1 U ) T j fi w u ] PG C NIKIDY Head 1? f th kin di o e r. ad . g ,

Kin diad g, . eari n chlam s on horseback r w g y , . , h e ors pran cing.

PI xm [ . .

‘ BAZ IA EQZ Zfl T H 7 7 Tj j f v u O N | | ° Y P Z K Mahara asa tradat ( j asa N ikiasa) . ml lal‘ head Sl . D ol hin win ed round anch r p t o . f

m m. 9

Obverse. Reverse.

HIPPOSTRATU S.

ti Silver t e Cit . ( ) ; yp , y

‘ ‘ AX' E H N B A QZ zQT T Ifii Y Y I u Af aharaj asa ' ( PB X lfl l l D ZT PA - tradatasa Hepa c FuSt Of the kin g t n m stra asa . Ci l. weari o l dzd ) ty , g dins holds in I an d cornuco ; . h , iae r advan ced p ; . .

PI. xxv. l . to L to r. , K; , 7 . [ ]

n

Silver t e Kin o nhorseback. yp , g

BAZ IA EQZ MEI' A ‘ ~ ‘ ‘ 7 1 . u V N L T Y A D Y Z QT HPD Z un n uzT PAT nY a zaraj asa t mdatasa ma wt sa o a Bus of the kin r diad ‘ t m stratasa j aya tasa Hzp a ) . n , diad and helme ed wearin . t , g

chlam s on horseback r. horse y , ; r p ancing.

below ,

' r Tl to l. , Y ; to . ,

P] . [ m .

7 44 ] . L o [ .

b low 7 to l . to r. e . 34 | , Y ; , , ] PI xxv. [ .

Similar horse walkin . Similar. , g

“ ” below to l . , a ; to r. , ,

PI. 1 [ x v. 6 0 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA .

er Reverse Obv se. .

‘ ‘ BAZ IA EQX zfl T H ‘ ‘ v u Y I- A l T I v ' Pu Z lllfl uZTPA (Maharaj asa T U Y Bust of the kin g ’ iradatasaj ayamtasa Hzp astratasa). d ed wearin Kin diad. an helme g, t , g

chlam s on horseback r. horse y , ; in pranc g.

1 43 [ R1 1 5 below, c.

B ronz uare (y) e ; sq .

BAXIA EQI 2 9 T H Tfi Z bob Y i 7 7 firy u P0 2 InnOZT PA O ri on facm T Y , g, i l h T t tasa . C . urre ed ; olds in ’ ) ty , t t hi d en in fish bo y din g s an d alm n d adva ce . s 1. h , p r. tai ls ; holds dolphm an d

rudder.

o r. E; t , 7 .

h 0!

n

Pl. x1v [L o. o. .

m l or. e in sor A . c me ns ri od. Sa . ollo r ad Sa i p , T p ' in chlamys ; holds arrow in both hands ; quiver

at shoulder.

t r . o . E , 7

‘ as hel ‘ ‘ ‘ Same in sor. Pall , A ‘ N - Y 7 1 1 L Y I I U

me ed sea ed 1 . on t , t (Maharaj asa hron e holds in r . t ; , tradatasa a a t i t t j y masa H p as ra asa). aen ia in l s ear. t ; , p in - Horse l . s , quare of fillet pat

I . O. [ , 0. Pl. luv.

62 GREEK A ND sorrnro KINGS or sacrum AND 1 1m m.

Reverse Obverse.

HE MAE R U S.

BAzmm z zn T H I N C H“ T ‘T L I t “ Poz EPMAIOY i d kin r. d a . 3 11 85Of the g , r sea ed 1 on l u . , a ’ t back his hand r scept e.

o r L t W. [

I IQ . [

PI [ . xv. ‘ MA 63 H ER EU S.

Obverse. Reverse.

' ‘ BAzlA en z zn rH I A u po T u x1 3mm! POI EPMAIOY ( Md/adraj asa tradatasa. H erama

Bus of the kin r. died. t g , asa Ze laur. sea ed 1 . on y ) . us, , t r h d throne with back hi s . an ad i s re a ced in h s L ce . v n , pt

1 3 32 to r. , M .

1 4 34 n o d ]

1 5 37

M 1 6 35 to r. ; , IE . [ L

1 7 36

1 8 37 [ R ' G

1 9 50 IR 7 (plated

ilar BAZ IA EQZ Zfl T H Sim . PEI! EPMAIDY

Similar type.

20 4 6 1 .

21 4 6 1 .

22 3 ' 6

23 2 4 ' 6

BAI IAEQZ ZQT H Similar. P0 2 EPMAIOY

f the kin r. Bust o g ,

died and helme ed. . t

' ' 1 1R 65 to l. , $ . 64 GREEK AND BQYTHIO KI NGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA .

Obverse. Reverse.

BAzmm z m T H I A u fi a-o T u x 0 2 - P (Maharaj asa tradatasa E el ama Of ki n T- g a asa Zeus laun sea ed 1. on y ). , , t dlad hr n wi h b k hi s r han d t o e t ac ; .

ad vanced in i l. sce re. ; h s , pt

to r. , 2 .

un cer ain In dia le er t n tt .

C. PL xv.

uncer ain Indian le er t tt .

7 . a]

uncer ain Indian le er t tt .

66 GREE AND C TH C GS OF A K S Y I KIN BACTRIA AND INDI .

Obverse. Reverse .

8 B ronze s uare without ortrait ( ) q ; p .

H BAZ IA EQZ ZQTH YA U Iab PO): EPMAIOY B r m r e ded ale bus . t , o e r . asa . H rs ro in . a y ) , t tt g radl ate wea , ri ng

below , H

I . o 0 Pl. [ . . xv.

HERMAEU S AND AL L IOPE C .

a lver ( ) Si .

BAZ IA EQX ZQT H U ‘ ‘ YA I’ O Y Tl i Yj fi N u P0 2 EPMAIO Y l AI d A fiA V’ Mahm asa KAA A IQHHZ Bll sts ( v

. r f h m an d ‘ g a a . Kin helme ed a d p y n diad. bztfigifd ) g, t , r. on horseback horse rancin ; p g, bow and lanc e on his back.

B ] . PI. f [ xv.

L o. 0. P1 [ . xv. 67 RANJA BAL A .

Reverse Obverse . .

RANJABAL A.

' r (a) Silve .

A l BA IAG B C AGI C (Ap ratihata ’C C ' me sa TfiZ T m” .e sa SA I Y fil iififi ' Pallas chhatrap asa Rcyabulasa). kin 1. diad g 1 holdin 1 han d ae is and . g in . g ,

i h r. hurlin hun derbol . w t , g t t

) ‘ L PI. . I to l. to r. . 38 , J ; , 7 [ xv J

me Blunder insor. sa fi 7 ed Tz f L 7 TfiZ Y ( Chlza tyPe 7 4m m

Ap ra chakrasa Raj abulasa) . am e S e typ .

1 ’V to l to r . . PI. . 36 8 55 7 ; . , [ xv

dered 36 6 55 (both sides blun ) .

36 4 55 (inscr. BA COOT HPOCPA

36 if nanie Ram a - ( , 7 31 j bulasa). “ 30 8 55 I 13

TI 35 7 i . fiZ N V . Y Y

atra asa &c. mahaohh p ,

” 35 8 J . 68 REE N SC T G OF A TR A A A G K A D Y HIC KIN S B C I ND INDI .

Obverse. Reverse.

M E A U S .

a B ronze round Gr eek le en d onl ( ) g y.

H ead of ele hant r. bell a u p ; BAZ IA EQZ C duce s.

round neck. MAYOY

t l. J. I o . o. N 0. PI. , [ XVI .

Silver t e (B) yp , Zeus.

BAZ IA EQ}: BAZ I 7 “ 7 7 3 D 1 3 I (Raj adi A EQN MErAAO Y 7 ra asa makata sa. MAYOY Zeus s an d j t Moasa . Nike r. holds wrea h in cl ) t l . ad in hima ion g , t ; an d alm boun d i h fille r hand e end in p w t t . . xt ed;

. lon ce r g s pt e.

“ £ 1 1 5 1 51 . PI XVI é [ . .

B ronze round t e Kin on hor <7 ) . yp , g seback.

BAI IA EQX BAX! 7 v ~ u Y ‘ - 7 7 n YHWl H I A EQN MEr R ( aiadira asa. mahatasa Moasa j ) . MAYO Y l Kin r. [ ] g Femal e fi ure facin diad g , g, . holds on horseback whi p n i r . han d a era con ainin , p t , t g offer o er shoulder lan ce v in s 1 r g . es s on wheel on head t ; , urre ed crown . che t t (Ty ) .

to l . , WQ.

0 D 7 GREEK AND S CYTHIC KINGS OF B ACTRIA A N INDIA .

Obverse. Reverse.

B ronze s uare other t (Q q ; yp es.

v u BAZ IA EQX BAzl y j fi l j , O A EQN MEFAA Y Ra adira asa mahdtasa Moasa ( j j ) . O D ra ed MAY Y p Nike 1 holds rea h an . w t d palm. e fi faci n femal gure g, holds sceptre tran s rsel on her head ve y , crescen t and on either side s ar , t . } 111 ' 95 P1 xvx [ . .

laur me r F mal u Same inscr. Zeus . Sa inso . e e fi re facin , g , g, d 1 on hrone wearin urre ed cr wn seate . t g t t o and hold holds in 1 hand sce in lon sce re holds out r . p g g pt ; in .

tre r. e ended owards hand her eil che ; xt t v . (Ty ) . small winged female fi ure who seems to be g , an embodiment of the h erbol t und t .

PI. xv [ r.

' me insor e Same insor. Zeus sea ed Sa . H rakles facin , t , g; holds ’ 1 . on hron e holds in r. in 1 . hand club t ; , and lion s

han d Nike who carries wi h r. crowns hi elf , t , ms ? wreath and palm; before him fore ar of ele , p t han r i h ru k p t . , w t t n

raised. 251 1 1

sor P eidon l ame ins r m Same in . os S o . Fe ale fi ure l g , c ad in

clad in hima ion r. chi on and hima ion facin t ; t t , g; stands h on hi in be we and en two vines. Maenad l p ; t ( ) . r foo laced on triden t; . t p

r- shoulder of a rive god. A ' ‘ IE 95 to l. I . O. . Pl , T [ C . xvn .

r hand E 9 (Poseidon aises r. )

to r. - , IPI MAU ES. 7 1

R Obverse. everse.

" ‘ BAZ IA EQZ BAZ I N V ’ 7 P i - Tfl l l l fi O A EQN MEFAA Y a d s m h tasa Mod ea (R j a iraj a a a d ) . O Poseidon MAY Y Female fi ure clad in chi on an d g , t s ridin l hurli n hun t g . gt hima ion facin s ands be ween t , g t t derbol t r an d hold t o . , wo in es aenad t v . (M in g in left han d splus tre b si him ri r e de , ve

od lea in u . g , p g p

I O. 0 . Pl . xvn . [ .

male fi ure r. e ame in sor. al fi ur me in sor Fe S M e g e Sa . g , p p

l chlam s in be lum in holds lon fille . . , y fly g fly g g t hin d ; holds club and n tride t .

' I . O. . Pl. xv1 L l to r. fE l to fl , c [ C

Male fi ure facin clad n sor Female fi ure Same insor. Same i . g g , g;

han d advanced in hima ion r . han d on hi Wears l r. . ; ; t p ; e asus Hermes i n cornucopiae. p t . ( he (Tyc A

PI xvn . to [ .

' ' or Ele han run Same in scr. Kin facin sea ed Same ins . p t g, g, t holds in run k cross- le ed on cushion sword n in r. g , t , gg ; i u wreath in square of on his knees : n sq are of fillet

- a ern . fillet pattern . p tt

PI xvn l . r. to , é [ . .

H

181.

i n h m ed b a u ull r. Similar. p

xvn E 1 0 5 . 72 GREEK A ND SCYTHIC Kmes or o rmx AND INDIA.

n arr w in o ha d o ; L, b w.

me ins r case. Sa o .

EE TH C GR K AND SCY I KINGS OF BACTRI A AND INDIA .

Obverse. Reverse .

BAE IA EQX BAZ I ‘ ‘ i v Tj pv u

o The kin r. AZ Y g , on horseback 5 holds “ - 1 . holds in r . han d rea h bearin , w t g Nike in l lon sc r ; ., g ept e.

to r . , R . 75 A ZES.

Obverse. Reverse.

‘ BAZ IA EQZ BAZ I ‘ ~ N U . u B T ' 7 1 Y MEI AAOY 7 A ? Maharaj aso O he kin r. AZ Y T g , Zeus raj araj asa mahdtasa Ayasa) . on horseback ; holds d wrea h- earin holds in r. han b , t g

Nike in l lon sce re. ; . , g pt

21 32 ' ‘ 6 to r. , V

22 28

23 33

24 34

Pl xvn . [L .

25 30

26 36

27 37

28 35

29 36

er ain le er 30 33 unc t tt .

31 27

32 33

33 34 mon

34 30 [L 76 G D ’ ‘HI GS OF BA ‘ ‘ REEK AN SOYI C KIN GIKIA AND INDIA.

Obverse.

BAZ IA EQZ BAZ I ~ v N V - 7 21 THW A EQN MEFAAOY TA 7 (Maharaj asa o in r. AZ Y The k g , ra ara mahdt as u asa asaA a . Ze s on horseback holds j j g/ )

- 1 . olds in r. han d wrea h bearin h , t g

Nike in l. lon s e ; , g ceptr .

3 ‘ ’ ’ l . 5 1 3 6 to r. 3 , é ; to r. , b.

36 36 4 3 6

37 36 2 3 6

38 37 2 3 6

39 32 9 3 6

40 35 8 3 6

41 30 2 3 5

42 31 3 5

43 33 3 6

44 28 7 3 6

45 22 6 3 6

46 35 3 3 6

47 35 2 3 6

48 37 2 3 6

GREEK A ND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA .

Reverse. Obverse .

S 2 m T WA “ 7 2 h? “ 7 3 7 N U hen yan g/fig

hors back h l s lan c e o d e, 1398 1 m raised r. hand hunder h , t couc ed. h h e d bolt ; olds s i l .

I . 470 1L . P R5 . 7 [ . XVIII

XVIII . AZES. 7 9

Obverse. Reverse.

‘ ‘ BAzlA emz BAZ I ‘ ~ u rv u . 7 3 fij 1 7 3 1 ' 7 1 A EQN MEI AA Y TA 7 (Maharaiasa O Kin r. on AZ Y g , ra ara as dt Pal j j a mah asa Ayasa). horseback holds whip . las facin holds in 1. han d s ear , g; , p

d shi eld wi h r. crowns herself . ; t ,

I m. 0 to r. . P . xv 7 $1 ; , 8 [

7 1 35 ar e to r., 7 .

PI xvm 72 65 [ . .

7 4 38 3 6 5 7

' 75 36 m s 1 .

7 6 36 3 65

7 7 39 3 65

7 8 37 3 65 7

7 9 38 3 65

80 36 53 6

81 36

82 34 3 6 5 3 . ’ ‘ A GREEK AND SOYI HIO KINGS OF BACTRIA AND I NDI .

Obverse.

IA AZ I fi w e m m N

Kin r on AZ OY g . , horseback ;

las facin holds in 1 . han d s ear , g; , p

an d shield wi h r crowns herself . ; t . ,

30 55 to r .,

35

33

36

milar Si . Same insor. Pallas s andin 1 , t g . hand advanced in l shield . , .

to l t r o . . . , 7 ; , R

P1 V A [ . X III .

me in r Sa so . Pallas f , acin g ; holds

in r. hand s ar , pe ; shield slun g

over back.

t to r o r. to r. . PI xv , , “ [ . m.

82 annex A ' ’HI li es or BA ’ 'RI ND A ND SOYI C m CI A A INDI .

Obverse.

“ q gggfl gmBmAZ I 7 t 7 1m m7 2 m u A Mahara asa l r n 7 7 ( j ’ r as makutu Pal a ara a ed A asa . fo . fis t j j y ) fifbgck fia p . las r. her r hand ad anced i n . v

her l s ear an d shield. . , p

1 05 7 6 3 6

1 06 6 7 3 6

1 07 5 6 3 6 P xvm [ L .

1 08 8 5 3 6 n ert in le er E" u c a . I . O tt Q l ( . C. ]

8 Silver t ( ) yp e,

BAZ IAEQ: BAZ I ‘ ‘ 7 1 N U Tj fij fi YH IN V N rO E'A/ O 7 A 7 Mahara asa QSgY Ilingr Ta ( j ra ara asa makulusa A asa A horseback holds lan ce j j y ) . ; , ' i ? 1 holds ia r couche C ty . h nd ob ect d. . a , j resembli n a g braz1 er ; In palm bound i h fille w t t.

5 3 1 0 to r. f t r 7 , o . P1 3 . xvm $ 5 7 [ .

3 to l. A 71 I , R to r. 2 . ; , 83 A ZES.

Ob erse Reverse v . .

( 6) Silver

~ BAz lA en z BAZ I ~ u 7 § 1 ~ u A EQ‘ N MEFAAOY 7 A 7 (Ma haraj asa s AZ OY Zeu 1" laur . raj araj asa mahatasa Ayasa) N1 ke r. hand advan ced in i n ed holds wrea h and alm r. W g t p e tm held tran s bound wi hfillet. - t hersglf

I xvm P . El [ .

C. ]

B ronze t e Kin seated . (Z) ; yp , g,

BAZ IA EQZ B AZ I 3 ) “ 1 mm , ‘ 7 m 7 A EQN MEI AAOY TA Mahw m O Kin facin ? ( AZ Y g, g, ra ara asa mahatasa A asa . Her sea ed cross le a ed on j j y ) t gg hlam s n mes l. wi h c i r hand . in r , t y fly g; cushion ; holds . u us rai sed i n l. , cad ce . han d ankus in l. , ; , sword whi ch res s on , t

his knees.

to ]

Pl I . O. xxx. [ 0. . 84 GR K AND S Y H KINGS OF A A AN A EE C T IC B CTRI D INDI .

Obverse. Reverse.

BAzlA Enz BAz l ~ “ 7 1 ~ u 7 5 mg , 7 2 h ~ v A en N MEFAAOY 7 A Mahawm O Kin facin ? ( AZ Y g, g, ’ raj arcyasa. mahatasa Ayasa Her seated cross- legged ) mes l wi h chlam s i . n r . hand cushi n , t y fly g; o ; holds in r. f al sed ' l n 1 cad11 09 11 8 hand ank l r . us in . , ; , sword which res s on , t h is kn ees.

un cer ain le ter t t . H 2 .

Q K ‘?

i n scr ra adim . j j asa).

1 B ronze t D em r r e ete o Cit . ( 7) yp , y

BAI IA EQZ B Z I ~ A 7 1 ~ u 7 2m mvs w A EQN MErAA CIY 7 A 7 Makamj asa AZ U Y D emeter 2 ( ra am asa mahatasa A asa H j j y ) . er sea ed 1 . on hron e mo t t , m es 1. r. hand r is d i a e n l. cadu dins on h r , ead ; . han d ceus raised in l corn u . ; . , co ia P e.

. to r , Jfi; . , E .

restruck ( ) . L O. . Pl [ 0 . xxx.

L O. [ C. ]

Res ruck n a coi o n of Azes cl. K es el [ t , typ , ephant hum ed b , p ull}

86 ' GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA A ND INDIA.

Obverse. Reverse.

BAZ 'A EQz BAZ l N u v fi fi 7 2” u ‘ A EQN MEFAA n Y y fiy AZ D Y Humped mahatczsa

dian bull r. L mn n

JE N

E l ' l

[ E 1 05

E ' 95

E l ' l

E l ' 2

E 1 1

E 1 -2 PI m FF. [ . .

A3 8 5 47h

£ 8 5 9 8 ; 1 . inscri ion barbarous ( pt ) .

. I I [ . o. C. ] 87 AZES.

Obverse. Reverse.

B ronze t s h nt a d bull. ( x) yp e , elep a n BAz lA m z BAz l l ” A w N merA/ mv

h n r ' AZ B Y Elep a t . rqyadtmj asa mahatasa Ayasa) . Hum ed bull r p .

above abo e uncer ain le er. , A v , t tt

E ’ 95

' ra am asa . A 7 (insor. j j )

E 1 05 l P . . C . XIX

inscr ra ara asa . x ( . j j )

E 1 1

E 1 ' 05

E 1 0 5 m

' ZE 1 05 FR.

A] 1 05 M.

' I O. C. E 75 (inscriptions obscure) . [ . ]

” ’ h above coins the kin s name is miss el several of t e g p t, O O O and so appears as A ZY A ZZY AZ Y , 88 GREE A ND TH C GS OF B A TR A AND A K SCY I KIN C I INDI .

'

‘ BAZ IA EQI AZ I ‘ N B 7 1 V YBWN V A En N MErAAnY The kin ' r AZ D Y g . , on horseback ; holds in n l r. ha d, ance, couched.

above

rfh

to r Q ; . , 2 .

B ronze

BAXIA EQZ BAXI ‘ 7 l~ u YENl h N U A Efl N MEFAAOY AZ OY King raj ara asa mahatasa on camel holds hi j W p . B um ed bull r p .

to r. , X.

[L

P] [ . XIX .

9 GREE A ND SC TH C GS OF B R A AND A 0 K Y I KIN ACT I INDI .

Reverse Obverse. .

A IA EQI BAz l ‘ B Z 7 1 ~ v yzfij w A EQ N MEFAAOY 7 A 7 (Ma haraj aea AZ OY Elephan t r. ra ara asa ma hatas A as j j a y a) . Hum ed bull r p .

1 1 abo 7 ve to r. , . , m

‘ BAZ IA EQ MErA N N Z . TA ? 7 1 U Y S fi U AOY AZ OY E13 “ M har asa tas A as ( a aj maha a y a) . h n r p a . H ed bull r t ump .

' PL xxx [ .

7 A 7 Q N E ' O YA E . M I AA l (Ma/zaruya L ion 1' Hum ed bull l p .

’ ’ E 65 ove abo e é b W . v a O C. , , [L . ]

( o) B illon ; semi ~ barbarous coinage;

‘ orru e ’ C le n d . Kin r. V V N pt g g , 7 77 W? 7 1 YHW U k on horseback holds in TA ? Y flfi fi fil l r han d k bef r . an us(1) o e (Maharaj asa mahatasa dhrami kae ra adira asa asa him s mbol a j j A . Ci , y Y y ) ty

l. urre ed and clad i n . chi , t t , t0n an lum r h d pep ; . an d advan ced in l cornuco iae . , p .

’ - to o r } R 85 t . . PI 2 . 1 . l , fi [ xx . ]

4 { R

4 2 fR

On most of these coins there is a ear n app ance of various Indian letters

‘ in the obverse field which are not here inserted it bein , g doubtful whether e are n ot m r blun ders th y e e . AZES. 91

Obverse. Reverse.

orru le en d ‘ ‘ ’ . Kin V C r. pt g g 7 77 W? 7 1 N V 7 3 1 V on horseback holds in TA ? ’ r. hand ankus t befor ( ) e (Maharaj asa mahatasa dhramt him i s mbol Ic s a adtra A asa . t , y Y a a r j j asa y ) C y l urre ed an d clad in chi on . . t t , t hand nced an d peplum r. adva o in cornuc piae.

to r. . to l. , 7 ; , y

1 [ .

with na me of Asp avarma .

BAz lA m z BAZ I Y 1 W 3 7 1 ? ' A EQN MEI AA nY ‘ 2 7 1 A 3 7 1 7 5- r on AZ DY King . (I ndravarma p utrasa Asp avarma horse h ku back, olds an s sa strate asa a atasa . Pallas r. g j y ) , behind him bov n sad , her han d advanced in g armed ; r. ; dle benea h ; t . her s e r and shield behin d p a ; , star and Q

l n erta n le er. to . u c M; , i tt I [P . XX . ' ‘ 92 GREEK AN D SCYTHIC KINGS OF BAGI RIA AND INDIA .

Obverse. Reverse.

“ BAZ 'A EQZ BAX! Fi fi $ 7 1 ? A Efl N MErAA D Y TWA } 7 2137 2 Kin r . on AZ B Y g , horseback; holds ankus

Pallas r . emstrate asa a atasa . behin d him bow on sad g j y ) , , han d advan ced in armed her r. d1e_; ben ea h t , her s ear an d shield behi n d p ; , t star an d i!

1 7 8 O to r. ,

O 1 9

0 1 O

1 1 5

l 1 9 un cer ain l t etter.

BAE‘ IA EQZ HM ‘ m T j u N u FAAOY AZ A II O Y Th i r hors e k n . on e g ,

back h olds bow. Zeus s andin died t g . holds Nike an d lon sce re g pt .

in fron to r t, u . , 7 .

’ 94 GREEK A ND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDI A .

Reverse.

Silver t e Cit ? (7 ) yp , y

‘ BAzlA en z BAZ I 7 1 ~ u 7 3mm7 3m m fl ' d r r m7 (Me - r am . s a rayarayasa mahataea Ayzlz has ) . kin r" on horseback i 1 l. holds i n r . uncer ai n C ty ( ) , t h0Ids 1ance couched

ob ect in l a m boun d with fillet. j ; . , p l

7 1 4 eur os . PI . to to r. . 2 , 7 [ xx

1 4 to r. , I .

1 4 ] R l ' 5 I o. . 7 Z [ . C ]

1 0 1 3 E l ‘ 7

1 1 1 4 E 1 ' 1 7 P z ; 2 [ L xx.

1 2 1 4 [ 11 1 05 43 71 ; Z

1 3 111 7

1 4 111 7

1 5 ] R ' 65

' 1 6 111 7

1 7 [ R 7

‘ 1 8 [ R ' G5

1 9

20 E 6 5

E 6 5 r to . , 7 .

ZR ° 7 A ZIL ISES . 95

R v rse Obverse. e e .

8 B ronze s uare t e Kin on horseback. ( ) ; q ; yp , g

‘ ‘ BAI IA EQZ BAZ I TTfl A ? 7 1 f v u Yj vv u

E-Q-N MErAAO Y A (Maharaj asa mahatasa Ayilishasa) . AZ IA IZO Y Kin ked sea ed g Herakles diad. n a , , , t T 011 11 01 39 133 011 5 hOIdS holds in r hand club which res s a . , t

lan ce couched. kn e _ou e.

5 ? P1 xr. r . to . x to . , ? 2 1 [

me inscr Ele han r. Sa . Similar. p t

above 7 , ?

Pl. xxx. [ L O. C .

' ‘ ~ Similar. v1 u 7 5mmvzhw TT'HA ? (Mabaraj asa

raj araj asa ma hatasa Ayilishasa) .

Humped bull r.

‘ 7 PI X XI . above . , ? Z [

K 7 96 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF B ACTRIA AND INDIA .

Reverse. Obverse.

‘ BAZ IA EQZ BAXI Y T V U THREE YSRN U A Efl N MErAAO Y 7 T f HX\7 (Maharaj asa AZ | A |2 0 Y Kin g raj araj asa mahatasa Ayilishasa) . r on horseback l . , ho ds Hum ed bull 1 p . la n ce couched. ‘ ’ l r k coin above . es ruc . , M ( t )

X 77

e B ronze s uare t e Kin 2 t ndi n s a . ( ) ; q ; yp , g ( ) g

BAz lA en z BAXI v u A EQ N MErAAOY d' YT lA 7 (Maharaj asa AZ A lo The ‘ ra adira asa mahatasa A iliskasa kin l stan d n r lad j j y ) . i . c g , r. un wm ed clad 1 n shor , g , t in igfmet an d cloak ; chi on wi h in a ed veil over her t , t fl t holds in 1. hand shield h h n ead holds in r . d wr a a e h. d n d t r. a va ce .

c t r to r. PI o . . . . . , 4 , [ XXI

to 1 W to r. un certain le er ; , tt .

L o. [ C. ]

B ronze s uare other t es (C) ; q ; yp .

BAzlA em: BAXI ~ [ 1~ u n u - 7 E N A Q MEI AJAY d' YT lA 7 Maha raj asa. Herakles ( AIZY , ra adi ru asa malza t A i li sh asa asa . facin crownin him y y y ) g, g Horse s an din self holds i n 1 hand t g ; . ’ club an lion skin d s .

3 above , 11

fi l ” in e d w 1 . L o c. Pl m , [ u .

' ' A 98 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BAGIRIA AND INDI .

Obverse . Reverse.

SPAL AH E WI H OR S VO NE . , T NG S

- m : BAzlA en z BAZ I 7 7 W} fiTL 3m near er: w e» g l r b i rata dhramikasa Sp alako asa) . on horseback ; holds Zeus laur facin clad in hima , . , g, 1an ce ceuched tion holds thun derbolt and long ce re S pt .

' 1 1 to r . I P . Xx . l 1 44 5 E 1 0 . , R [ .

° to r 2 37 5 E 6 . , K.

° I P . 3 37 3 E 7 [ XXI .

4 38 E 6 5 to EH.

5 37 8 E ' 6

B ronze s u r q a e.

Az en z BAX: “ B m 7 7 W “ ' 7 } 175 T M A ESZN MEI AAO Y P ‘ ’ kl TWW I? Mé hdra ar D NQNOY Hera es, ( j oltrata dli r mik s facin h lds in 1 hand a a a S alahorasa . o , g; , p ) ’ Pall club an d lion s skin as l. wearin helme holds ; _ , g t ; 1 11 ‘ an d with L crowns I . han d wrea h in L s ear , , t ; , p himself an d shield bound wi h fille . t t ; sword slun found wais g t.

to l . , EB

PI [ . XXI . 99 SPAL AGADAMEB W TH VONONES. , I

Re vers Obverse. e.

SPAL AGADAMES WI H VONONES. , T ,

‘ BAZ IA EQZ BAZ l 7 7 ~v2 W f ' lli “ A EQN EFAAOY " ’ M 7 V !f 1 7 Sp alahora O O Kin r. NQN Y g , p utrdsa dhramiasa Sp alagada horseback holds on ” d masa . Zeus facin laur. cla ) , g, , lan ce couched. in himation ; holds thun derbolt an d lon sce tre g p .

t l 3G1 E 6 o . ,

PI . 36 5 E 7 [ . XXI

36 8 E 6

3G2 E G

z s uare B ron e q .

BAzlA EQz BAZ I " w y A m N MEFAAOY éflfl fi gfizem kles O NQNO Y Hera , utras a dhra masa S e la ada 1 han d p j p g hold in . facing s , ’ llas weari n hel masa . Pa n s skin ) g club an d lio ; ’ met holds 1 11 r. han d wrea h l r crown s ; , t ( ) an d with . in spear an d sh1 eld boun d himself wi h fille s ord slun roun d t , t ; w g

waist.

l. to ,

P1 1 1 1 . [ . xx . ] ) SC TH C GS or BA A A D 1 00 GREEK ANA Y I KIN CTRI N INDIA .

Reverse.

PAL A ADAME WI H PA S G S S L YRIS . , T

EnAAYPIC! E A I “ 7 74 1 2 nu - DY AA EA¢ DY 17 BAEIA EwC utrdsa dhramiasa S ala ad horseback. p p g a

m . Herakles diad asa . sea ed 1 . ) , , t on rocks holds in r han d cl . , ub, which r ests on knee.

to 1 PI xxx [ . .

SPALIRISES AS KING’S BRO H ; T ER.

BAEIA EwC AA BA ‘ v l -~ ~ 7 7 s ? fi 3 1 . OY E O ¢ HAA IPIE Y u - 7 n n1 . Mana Kin 17 ( ma r . g , on horseback bhrahd dli rami'asa S alir i asa . holds lance c h d p s ) ouc e . Zeus facin earin him , g, w g ation ; holds hun derbolt an d lon sce re t g pt .

to l. g PI . l . , [ XXII . ]

Or o i TZ bli ratrd . V. Sallet w rites . d (p ie Form bkraha fur Bruder wircl von sachkundiger Seite fur berechti t erkl g iirt.

1 02 GREEK A ND SCYTHIC KINGS OE DAUTRIA AND INDIA .

BACIA EwE MEI- A

on 01 r . “ , dt k sa as Zeus a a Ay a) . 0333323 l in hima ion hold laur. c a , d t

7 to l i n n . “ j , 7

[L o. C .]

BAcmewL ME ‘ A I vrh Tflfim ’ o IHAAIPIEO Y

mahatakasa A a run yas ) . St g bow an d arrow 1 .

“ abo e PI v , Q [ . XXII. 1 03 GONDOPHARES.

Re erse Obverse. v .

GONDOPHARES.

Zeus a. B ase lver t e . ( ) si yp ,

BACIA EIJJIEIAEL N MEFAA I VVIA O diPP

" he kin r on horse 0 o o 0 T g . , (Maharaj a rayadi raya tradata de baCk arm ex ended t * Z us harasa . e uatrata Gudap ) , in fron é , n aked to wais stan din r. r. t t, g ;

arm exten ded ; in long sceptre.

1 44 E 9

I . Pl. . [ O. C . XXII

4 “ L o. C . 1 36 E 95 b een BAt lA EUJE B ; 2 1 . [ ]

BAEIA EIJJN &e.

t e s. B ase silver ; yp , P alla

‘ ‘ BAC IAe BAC I ‘ 1 1 L ' ” AewN MGI AA O yr-rp qg R1 7 9 NA PPO The Mahara a ra adira a tradata de . ( j j j EIn dn1 a on horse g, d har Pallas r trata Gu a asa . . va p ) , back to 1 ' é armed in her l. han d s ear an d ; ; , , p

shield her r. advan ced.

to l. to r. , u

wl: in sor. BAClAE n v mEnV VMA n D EPP

barbarous; Head N U or Iuser. 7 < “ f the kin r. diad. " o g , 7 H f f (Mahamj asa u lz r sa P llas makatasa G dap a a ). a fi h in holds hun derbol r. , g t g ; t t

an d shield.

7 field E 9: PI. xxn . in , [

b rotected b the Gods. This word has been read Gen . Deeatrdta, p y y

' a as a renderin of eetr or os. Cunningham D eeahad , g p 1 04 G K AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACI’ ‘RIA AN D A REE D. IN I .

Obverse. Reverse.

B ase silver t e Siva (y) yp , .

sAcmewc B A C I yw‘u AewN MG AAO F Y TWP CJ NAQD‘ GPPOY (Ma/zaraj asa raj araj asa tradalasa ¥he ki n I on horse g ‘ { devatrazasa j Guda harasa . Siva ack r h s p ) , ; . an d rai ed c n li ld i n r g ; s . hand ri den behind him Nike in , t t , fly g i i pa1xlp hOlding wreath an d alm to L p ; , Q ’ IR ' 95 to 6 to r. . PI xxn , J [ . .

below 7 , 7

(A for 3

BACI LLI ’ ‘ AE N BA EI TT v u H lN u A Eu M r a MA uc A ‘ ‘ ’ p - C ‘ T Il J D Th kin on r Y e r. g , horseback ; holds ankus devatrata Gudap harasa Siva in e ended r han to ) . , xt . d; facin r e . x en ded in l . riden g t ; , t t.

below to r. , I , mon.

I . O Pl [ . C . . xxn .

8 B ase silver t e N ike ( ) yp , .

BA C lA€ The kin diad. sea ed AAO VVNAO Nik r g, , t ¢ e .

1 . on hron e wi h back holds wrea h and alm t t t p . on the top of which h r. an d. r QQ aised.

1 08 5 130 1 - 7 to r . PI xx 3 ; , [ . n .

The missin l , g etters look like fl“ mica. (for milw

This coin as well , as some of those which recede i t is a ar p , pp ently wholl or almost wholl made of co er but the y y pp ; nature of the typ es indi cates that it was in tended to ass amon th p g e debased silver coins of the r pe iod.

1 06 GREE AN rrmc muss or m ornu A N D mom K D sc .

Obverse. Reverse.

B ase silver with insar. Sasasa.

The kin ‘ Insor. corru . N pt g, 7 fii 7 9 7 1 u k & iad. r. on horsebac d , , ; 7 1q (Maharaj asa 1"hand rai sed to L i ; : mahatasa devatratasa ( devaha dasa Gada harasa in ex ) p fi . ,

Sasasa . Zeus diad 7 7 7 ( ) , . , s andi n r r han d advan t g . ; . ced ;

in L lon sce re to l. , g pt ; , Q

'

28 8 7 to l . un certain l /7 ! 9 belo / to r etter to r. A w, ; . , W , ; , g m .

24 1 53 4 35 7 below to r. 7 7 B 7 / , , A ; , /

25 1 38 [ R 8 uncer ain le ers t tt . n u u

26 1 48 [ R 8 n n

27 1 29 5 [ R 8 n as

28 1 54 3 R 5 7 8 ? n n n

29 1 34 9 8 obscure { R ( ) ,

‘ ‘ 0 0 0 0 TY PH I N U ‘ ‘ C ’ 7 IP .J

in ex . 7 asasa . Ze l , 7 7 (S ) us . ; Nike in e ended r hand xt . .

1 52 5 111 8 to r. 7 t K , , ; . ,

I. O PI [ C. , xxn . 1 51 8 [ R 85 I O. [ . C. ]

1 50 7 1 11 8 07 A BDAGASES. 1

Obverse . Reverse.

AB DAGASES.

Co er as Kin pp ; g.

BAClAewc c H 7 ma n 7 3 W“ . T 1 21 1 [ 0 C A BA Ar ACQV [ l ( Tradatasa maharq jasa A vadaga 23“ ki n T dlad St Of the e n d g asa . Nike r. holdin wrea a s ) , g th alm p .

' PI xxm . [ E 85 [ .

le ers. to l. uncer ain , t tt

insor I GYC 9 ( . BAC A

CCOT HP .

’ B ase silver ; as Ki ngs nephew.

BAEIA EY D NT U S Yj fi lv u BAi lA EwNI AB 7 m~p g7 7 Yfigi The rAi y ( a ( Gadap harabhradap utrasa mah 62 f Abgagases n ame raj asa traddtasa A vadagasasd) . d ome imes as the rea s t holds sce re andi n r. Zeus st g ) pt firs le ers Of B E'A ' t tt A hand ad anced. r. v EY n NT n i the let ter which follows BA EIAEQN is un certain The kin 1 [I or 2 g , ront on horseback in f ,

fi .

‘ fi . i f to r. to l. a fl 7 l . , ; , 3 8 5 to . , 7

7 2 2 . - E 1 55 5 3 9 M L;

1 xm . x . 2 [P . ]

1 50 1 A1 ' 85 7 5 n U 5 GREE AN D “ A K v 1 AND INDI .

Reverse . Obverse.

BASIA EY D NT D E 7 j 2 N U i fi A B S IA El AB 7 n f z7 7 § fi£1 (The h . 7 ( Gadap arablzradap utrasa malm 325351332il 8 8 1 ra asa tracatasa A vada j gasasa . read sometin : 3 22112 l ) Zeus S andin L holds sce r , t g S pt e ; first letters of BAEIA r. hand ad e vanc d. EYD NTDE the let ter which follows BA EIA EQN is un certain or The kin 1 [I 2 g , on horseback in fron ; t,

Q.

8 1 49 5 3 85

9 1 49 2 111 .

1 46 4 111 8

1 42 5 1 11 9

1 58 5 IR 3,

1 3 1 42 4 [ R 95 e r typ .

1 4 1 50 2 [ R 95

1 5 1 24 4 R 85

1 21 5 1a 8 1 6 5 insor. o , rV]NA I¢ EP A A EAOHZA EQ) C

1 1 0 A GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS or BACTRIA AND INDI .

Revers Obverse. e.

PACORE S.

a Bron ( ) ze.

” 8 t / R h o / u 2626c Mg925 ~ 7 am 7 n u Maha ”AKO PHC Bu“ Of ' rqyasa raj adiraj asa mahatfwa P a the kin t ears tor s . W kurasa Nike L holdi n r ) . ; w ea h uIs behi nd g t q , d alm p .

to L uncer ain le er to r , t tt ., P xx [ I. m. E ° 85

uncertain letter

uncertain letter

ZEIONISE S.

a Silver t e Kin on hor ( ) ; yp , g seback.

‘ CAr PArY The kin YU " T091 7 Yd fi ze m ov r. ofi , 7 74 3 horseback r 2 Ybi Y ; in . han d ([Mani flgulasa chhatra asa utra Whlp bow ti ed to p p set ehhat m asa Jihunias Kin f p a) . g saddle “ ; to ”v Ya r. facin a i , g C ty who wears mural cro n and hold w , s wreath and cor nuco iae p .

“ benea h ’ 1 to l to r. 7 PI t , f 7 . . , . [ XXIII . 5 1 1 0 5 . 7 and o her e ers. t l tt I . O C [ . . ] 1 1 1 ZEIONISES.

Obverse. Reverse.

B onze t es lion and bull. (B) r ; yp ,

] AOYYIYCAT PAW 7 7 9 211 Y fii Y Y ‘Lfi f ' ifl Hum ove ' * ed bull r. ab p , Mani l] gulaputrasa ehhatrap asa

h n a L ion r. J i u ias ) .

7 l to l. to r be ow . , X ; .7 ; , 2

2

E AIN KINGS U NC RT .

Illegible Greek in scrip Illegible Indian inscription ; the ion in hich some t w words Yfii Y chhatraPasa timedthe word CAT an d Vi fi (putrasa) sometimes pAll an d sometimes

sible. ion i l vi L xA PANU] is vis b e . horseback Kin r. on g , ;

' l to r to r. X .

PI . [ . XXIII

[I . o. C. ]

I

This is su osed to i ve us the name of the father of Or mahigulasa. pp g d lmniasa is not clear on an Bri tish Museum s eci Zeionises. The wor Ji y p

mensin bronze. GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF B ACTRIA AND INDIA.

' Obverse. Reverse.

min ed I b n U n de er ndian le e d. D e ased Greek lege d. t g n mel r H m above rian ca . u ed bull r. p ; , t

9 above /7 to r. uncer ain le er. , t tt ,

l r un certain ette .

I xxm P . [ .

un cer ain le er t tt . ‘ in cr A A ‘V U ( . T Y T

gc. )

to r. un cer ain le er. , t tt

1 above un cer ain le er to r , t tt ; . 2 1

above le 7 BA to r. un cer ain er. , , t tt r l ce ai n e er. t tt in sor N U &c ( . T YW .)

to r. un cer ain le er , t tt .

[Vari ous readings of these two classes of coins have been pub lish n m ed b Gen . u nin ha J A . . S . B 1 854 C . . 695 698 y g , , pp , n d b on alle Z eit S seh. . u a v N m. 1 87 9 369 e y t, f , , 370. Th

i i h e m - Br t s Mus um speci ens are not sufficiently well p reserved to enable us to ive an certain eadin s g y r g ] .

A 1 1 4 GREEK AND scr rmc X INss or BACTRIA AND INDI .

Obverse. Reverse.

BASIL EU S SO ER T ME GAS.

si t ( a) B ase lver ; wi h Greek and I ndian legends.

BAC'A YC BA C l u AewsN 0 »i ‘ Me A( i l Fin Maharaj asa raj a diraj asa [ma dhliorselaicl; s ( ] ] ’ hataea tradatasa . Zeu s s an din ) , t g hand ad aneed tb r. v , clad ima i n I h r. in h o . and I , t ; f r is d ce re a e in l . s . , pt

’ - - 7 t er ain b to l o r. unc o ec 1 46 4 [ R 9 , , t j t. PI [ . XXIV.

Co er with eek l en s pp ; Gr eg d .

Bus h in r dia of t e k . d . t g , BACIA EVl: BAcmev an d radiate ; han d holds [ UJT HP M BFAE (frequently ’ lance boun d wi h fille blundered he in n r e T k r. o ho s , t t ; ) . g , ' ' ‘ ' behind back diad h l n k o ds a us? to r. , 3 , . ; , fi .

PI. X I [ X V.

I O. . P1 . [ . C . XXIV

[L 1 1 5 BASILEU S sores means.

Reverse.

i EVLIJ Bus of the kin r. d ad . C AU A N t g , BACIA EV B and radi ate hand holds CUJT HP MEFAE (frequently

lance boun d wi h fille blun dered . The kin r. on horse , t t ) g , i '

ehin d back diad. holds ankus ? to r . . b , , ; , f E ' 85

en ds ELLI EUJ H . [ E 7 5 (insor. BAU A N T )

barbarous L O. C. (in sor. ) . [ ]

EIA EVE BAEIA EVIJJN Similar. BA M

PL . I O. 0. [ . XXIV

C. [L o. ]

us barbaro ) . 1 1 6 GREE A D rc r A K N scrrn KINGS o BAcraIA AND INDI .

Ob erse Reverse. v .

Bus of the kin r. diad t g , . ; PM[ ' ' e S ndin 1 h ld n t r u s a . o s i r. han d o . , 3 , t g , h derbol o er al ar in un l. sce t t v t ; , p

tre.

inscr ( . BAC lA EYl PI IV [ . XX .

Bust of the kin g wear BACIAGV BAC IAGVW[N ' ing crested helmet ; in CJwT HP MEI AC King ’

r. hand lan ce : fille horseback holdin a us , t r., g nk ; bor der. r . ,

to l ’ . , 7 ; to

O L Pl. I [ . C . XX V .

a Silver ( ) .

Bus of the kin d r. iad. : t g , W /ANNDYNT D E H/A DY fillet- border * . Z AM A MU /lAND Y The kin r on g . , horseback ; bow and ui er ied to saddl e b e q v t ; hind,

Nike r. cro nin him w g .

1 84 4 [ B l in fiel d r. B P1 . , [ XXIV .

As to this le end sec Introduc ion g , t .

1 1 8 GREE AND S K A D A K CYTHIC INGS or BACTRIA N INDI .

Reverse.

[ L

I . C. [ o. ] U ERTA 1 1 9 NC IN KINGS.

Z SAPADBI ES (e) .

f a kin i n r Bus o r . in hel L o . t g , NANAIA

behin d above . , AVE€ I HA , A

Pl X' . XIV .

[ AHAM BIZ HE

PHSEIGACHARIS

r Herakles kin . mEEIrA , g , h club in i n r . and XAP IE , ; ’ l li n s skin . , o .

Pl X . L O. 0 . [ . XIV F A GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS O BAOTRIA AND INDI .

Obverse. Reverse .

HERMAEU S AND KADPHISES I.

Bazmm z zT H C ‘ ' 'Tfi FTfid Puz zv EPMAIDV i ai m of e Bu ( ten corrupt d) . st of Herma r eus . ,

’ han d club in l , . , lion s

Thi s readin is made seVeral s ecimens g p . General Cunning ham transliterates the last two words ha as at a dharma idasa . . . y g p (J A S. B , The readin of the last word ado ted in ’ g p the text is L assen s.

1 22 REE A ND C TH C GS F G K S Y I KIN O BACTRIA AN D INDIA .

HI KAD P SES I .

Inscr . as below B us f ' . t o ‘ T PJ A QT ] 1 7 7 77 4 31 77 Herm aeus r. di , ad.

kasasa kushanayavwgasa dhra(dha) Herakles facin dia , g, d. club

‘ KGPCNA KD Z D VAD ld in fie . , 2 1 KAA EbIZ D V

KD Z D VAD KAA E I Inscr varied D . ) .

Kn Pn l/IA KD Z O VA D

VID KAA E ICHO H in i D sor. var ed ( ) .

AAE Iz un cer ain le er p t tt .

tblZ DVKrJA E

Z DYA D KAA

insor bl de . un red. 1 23 KADAPHES.

Reverse. Obverse.

KADAPHES.

d. r t e o r ev. kin seate ( a) B onze ; yp f , g

“= - ’ XO PANCY Z AO O Y 7 19 77 c IA 77 7 71 A TQPS

KO Z O A A KAA A - J i f ? (K hushanasa ¢ EE Head Of the uas hu ula ka hsasa Sacha. ki ya a y p n r. diad . closel g , ( y h The ki n sea ed dhramat i dasa) . g t resembhn ha Of A u g t t on sea like curule chair his r . t ; gustus) in field l. han d extended , 8

I . [P . XXV

‘

I 0 . C. to r. . , 2 [ ]

barbarous. C. head 1. E 6 5 barbarous insar. ]

‘ l a i s The first 0 in Z AO O Y has been read as a 0 but wrong y, s

it form sa . shown by the correspondin g Sanskr yaua 1 24 GREE AND s r rn Ic G or B A T A A N A K c KIN S C RI D INDI .

Reverse.

KADPHISES I I.

a. Gold t e ure or head o kin ( ) yp , fig f g.

BACIA EYCOO H mo $ 7 13 7 yynw ‘ ” bait? 7 I W U Tar ? ‘ an d di adem sea ed fa 7 V GL , t 1 i i 7 (Maha

cin on hron e head ra asa ra adira asa sarvalo a i v r g t ; j j j , g s a

‘ - m s s tum ed to 1 . fla e a ras a mahisvarasa hi(1 )makap isasa cen d from his shoul tradata i l S va facin head . ) . g, ;

ders in his ri h a holds riden in r ban d r d ra e g t t t . ; p ry bran ch ben eath his fee over 1 arm an d h n in a k g t . a g g at b c ; a footstool ames rising f rom head ; behin d to r. fl ; , I? him hum ed bull r , p . to Q

2442 N to l l 1 . c ub . I . P O 0 l. XX V , [ . . .

Same in sor Th mil . e kin Si ar g, . wearin g helmet an d diadem seated facin , g, cross- le ed on clou gg , ds head urn ed t r in t o . ; his r is a club ; his head 1 s surmoun ted by 61 a riden to l . t t , $5.

2 245' N 1 ' P1. [ XXV . 7

Same in scr . U er m ar Sa e in scr. i of i varasa wan in pp p t ( s t g) . of the kin r mer . e in Siva facin we g , g g g, ars headdress an d

“ from clouds wears h dr ; el apery over shoulder ; holds tri met an d diadem and den in r . hand , t behind him bull Greek chl am s club r. t l y o . ; , Q . in r han 3 : . d to l ; . , 8

C' T his is so usual on the old coins of this kin h g g, t at it will be omitted in subse uen des ri q t c ptions.

This le l tter ooks on the coins rather like hi or d i tha r n IIi .

GREE A K ND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

Reverse Obverse. .

' BAC IA EYCO O HL. MO Yfl fib v ac w vwfiw KAA ‘l’ C HC Head (Maharaj a raj adi raia hima kap i w rin of kin r. ea hel g , g as riden a d ba le- axe com s a) . T t n tt met an d diadem within i b n ed to l. to r. Q s uare frame ; , g ; , q .

305 ' 45 1 1 0 P . [ XXV.

Silver t e kin standin . (6) ; yp , g g

BAC | A€ VC BAC I \P A€ wN MerAC fl " ” Yn fi u ‘ib l l ? o o h Mo KAA¢ I~ z ‘ " CHC The king stan d 1 S: L (Maharaj asa raj adira ~ in 1 wearin diadem i svara m i svar g , g j asa sarvaloga ah a an d h lme sacrificin e himaka isasa tradata . Siva t, g p ) l l r at a ar to . iden facin ears headdress an d dra t ; , t t g w an d axe c bin r h l rid n om ed ; to r. pery over shoulde o ds t e t him bull r in r. han d behin d . club an d I? ; , ,

I O Pl 1 1 565 IR 7 [ . . C . . XXV.

his coin which is uite enuin e is the onl known s ecimen [T , q g , y p l of the class i n si ver. ]

t e kin st din Co er an . (7) pp yp , g g

[In scription on both sides varied and in complete in various specimens ]

‘ ‘ BAC IAGVC BAC I $ 913 ? YYT’I W vvnw AG“ ) N c H “ ‘ v P ram- o V i r e merAc oo HMo v KAA¢ | CHC The a h Vfl fi fi r (Maha

' kin 1 sacrificin at ra asa ra adira a a sarvalo a i s g , g j j j s , g altar to l riden an d varasa mahisvarasa himaka i asa . , t t p s

axe combin ed to r club tradata . Siva facin holdin ; . , ) g, g i " riden dra er han in at his an d f; t t ; p y g g back behin d him bull t , o L,

'

I. o . 0. Pl. [ xxv. KADPHISES 1 27 II .

Obverse. Reverse.

I ' BAC IAGVC BAC I ”P7 13 7 YY VI YRYYRN U AewN c HP ” “ - Fur ? Mel AC O O HMO — ” U ' b KAAMCHC The 7 1 11 77 l (Maha ki n l sacrificin at g . , g l ar l riden an d a to . t t ; , t

trident ; drapery han gin g at his k b hind him bull bac e , ;

uck (twice str ) .

‘ r Z V be ween secon d in inso . TN I t hird words and t . A GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDI .

Obverse. Reverse.

BAC| A€ VC BAC I ‘P“1 3 7 aw A ewN CN T HP ‘ ‘ - - Y II W u T Mel AC OO HMO KAA ‘DICHC The l kin sacrificin at ra asa ra ad ra asa sarvalo i s g g j j i j , ga iden an d al ar to . r t l , t t m to r club iv xe co b n ed . tradata S a i ; , ) . a tride' nt drapery at hi behin d him bull to l back ; , . ,

PI [ . XXV.

Pl . XXV .

' in ace of insor [ pl . ,

1 30 G K AND scr rmc GS or BA A AND A REE KIN CTRI INDI .

R er Obverse. ev se.

Gold inscri tion O o &c (7) ; p , PA NAN .

PAO N NO O A PO B earded dei fire- od I PA KA 9 . A ty, g , '

N O O diad. clad ih chi on an d him h PKlK PAN , t a

The kin s an din ion holds in r . han d wrea g t g t , th wearin helme an d dia in which res s on hi on g t t p, t gs dem clad in coa an d , t to l rousers an d cloak t , ; flames rise ‘ from his shoulders ; he holds in

r hand ele han - oad . p t g e l r in i l ov r a a h s . t ; , spear ; sword at his

' wai st .

P [ I. XXVI.

L O . PI [ . C . XXVI .

Similar Femal . AP O O e fi ure r . wear A XP g , in modius an d n imba e clad in g t , chiton an d himation holds cornu

i t r co ae o . p , a

1 3 1 228 N ' 8 PI [ . XXVI .

Similar . O O O B e r A P A a ded dei r . C H ty ,

diad. clad in sleeved n h l , tu ic; o ds in

r. han d wrea h beside him horse , t ; ,

r. saddled ro in t o l. , , t tt g , w PI [ . XXVI .

sam die e, . ( ) [L O. C. ]

BO A AO Buddha facin n imba e , g, t , clad in chitOn and hima tion r. han d advanced in l ; . , wallet ;

to r

1 6 1 092 N 8 L O. . PI [ C . XXVI. KAN ERKES. 1 31

R se Obverse. ever .

- o N o o O Male dei moon od l. PA AN PA KA MA ty ( g ) ,

NHPKlKO N diad. clad in chi on and hima ion PA O , t t ; The kin l cresc n hi sh ulders r s an din . e be nd o g t g , t ;

wearin helme an d dia han d advan ced holds in l . lon g t ; , g dem clad in coa an d sce re bound wi h fille sword , t pt , t t ; rousers and cloak 5 t , ; girt round waist to 3; flames rise from his shoulders ; he holds in

r han - . d elephan t goad

over altar in his l . ; , spear ; Sword at his w i a st.

PI. [ XXVI .

no sword ) .

Similar O Mi hras diad and wi h . MGIP t , . t ia di k l h rad e s to . r. and ad t , ; van ced in l sce re boun d wi h . , pt t fillet ; sword girt roun d waist ; 5 1 to l . . 25 ,

l. O ithras to r. han d ad Similar. MIIP M , res s on hi s ord t van ced l. t p w a : wais to l t ; . a

' 1 22 3 N 8 [PI. XXVI .

’ ia r n im a A A Nana . ba e an d Simil r. N N , t moun d diad. head sur e b cres , t y cen t ; holds sceptre endin g in fore ar of horse an d a era p t , p t ;

to r 1 1 23 2

mi l r Similar fi ure of Si a . MA N APAO g : N anaia to r. ; , a

i I P . rd at wa s . ( swo t) [ XXVI .

L O Pl. [ . C . XXVI . 1 32 GREEK AND scr rmc KINGS or B ACTRIA AND INDIA.

Reverse Obverse. .

PAO NANO PAO KA O KPO Siva nimbate ; hair in Nh PKIKO PANO horn on top of head ; has four The kin s an din arms and hands in hi h h h ld g t g , w c e o s wearin helme and dia res ec ivel a vase a drum a g t p t y , , dem clad in coa an d riden an d a oa the la b , t t t, g t, st y rousers an d cloak t ’ the horns to 1 , " fi flames rise from his shoulders ; he holds in

r hand ele han - oad . p t g over al ar in his 1 t ; , spear ; sword at his w i a st .

L 0 . 0. PI 1 L [ . XXVI . ]

milar Si . O PA ArNO War- god (Bahram

r. wearin diadem hel , g , met sur moun ed b ea le and cl t y g , ad like the kin h olds in r. hand s g; , pear ;

in l sword to r . , ; . , w.

29 1 21 3 ' 85 PL [ XXVI .

imilar S . ( APPO Male fi ure t D o r. di g , ed. and n imba e clad in chi t , ton and hima ion holds s ear in 1 hand and t ; p . ,

moun ain or fire in r to r t . . , 3 30 1 228 N 8 P1 [ . XXVI .

PAO NANO KANHP KI AGPO Bearded dei l . cl ty , ad in O O Bus of the K PAN t chiton and hima ion holds i n r t ; . n l ki . diad. an d wearin h g , g an d wreath ; in which rests h lm e e 1 . han d raised t , on hi on s to l. p, t g ; . holds sp ear body emer , W es from clouds g . 31 30 8 ‘5 I. O. 0. PI [ . XXVI.

Similar . K Siv as abo e not ni O PO a, v , m i" ba e to 1 t . t; 32 3O1 N ° 5 P] [ . XXVI .

1 34 K OF BACTR A AND A GREEK AND SCYTHIC INGS I INDI .

Obverse. Reverse.

h O Mal l clad as kin l T e MA e dei . PAO KA Nh PK ty , g;

kin s an din 1 as be crescen beh h ulders r. hand g t g . t ind s o

fore holds in l advanced in l. lon sce re ; . , g pt s ear r e ended over bound wi h fille s ord at ais p ; . xt t t ; w w t; al ar t . to l. , 7 to l inscr t . inscr retro r . re ro r , 7 ( . g . ) ( g . )

dei do o h ld s e e ty es n t o c ptr .

imil r O - Mi hras S a . O od 1 died I Sun . M P g , t , , wi h radia e disk clad as kin t t , g

r. hand ad nced in l. s va ; , word

' t l 5 5 o . , 6 . PI [ . XXVII .

inscr O . M I P

insor. MIYPO

milar Si . n m Na aia r. n i ba e N A N A , t

diad. holds sce re endin in ; pt , g fore ar of horse and a ra to p t , p te ‘ r- fi

L O. PI. [ C . XXVII . KANERKES. 1 35

Obverse.

h l mba e an d T e N N Nana a r . ni PAO K A NHPKI A A , t ki n s an din 1 . b diad. holds Sce re en din in g t g y ; pt , g al ar ' 1 han d for of h rse an d er holds in . o a a t o. t t , p t s ear e en d d o er p r. xt e v r. al ar t .

Wi - m O AAO n d od runn in l. his Si ilar. g g , hair loose ; holds in both han ds

en ds. of his garmen t which floats

abou him to l t . ,

L O. PI [ C . . XXVII.

I . C. [ o. ]

Similar. Siva l . n imba e has four O K PO , t ; rm a d n ds a s n ha , in which he holds a wrea h a drum a riden an d a t , , t t,

I O. . Pl [ . C . XXVII . 7

Siva l. n imba e holds i O K PO , t n 1 3 r. han d riden toL , t t ; , 5 .

not nim a ( b te) . 1 36 GREE AND crrmo KINGs or m u A D A K s en N INDI .

rse. Reve Obve rse.

HOOERKES.

d (a) Gol .

PAO NANO PAOO G He haes us s andi n r A OPO p t t g . , U pper part of king flames rising from shoulders ; emerging from clouds ; holds hammer and tongs ; to ‘ is i and nimba e d ad. t x wears conical helmet an d coat of mail ; holds " ear of corn and spearfi

I P . [ . XXVII

PAO NANO ooo P A h Ae Po Similar. milar PKIKo Si .

PAO NANO PAO O O Similar s mbol to 1 y . I1 PKIKO PA N O Similar .

Similar. APAGlXPO Sun- od l diad g , . wi h radia e di sk r hand t t . vanced and two fin ers r d , g aise 1. . rests on hip to x

PI [ . XXVII .

I [ .

It h s b d d unnecessar a een ju ge y to describe at length the details of the ’ kin s costume n g i this and other coins.

1 38 B A A ND GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF ACTRI INDIA .

Obverse . Reverse.

r obscure U er O X O Female fi ure nimba e In so . . pp A P g t ; mer hold art of kin l. e s rea h an d corn uco iae to p g , g w t p

in from louds diad. i g c , 1 . f? wears roun ded helmet holds ear of corn an d

- o elephant g ad.

P X . [ I. X VII

O N O O OO Fem l PA A a e dei r. di N PA N I ad. an O PO ty , d h PKIKO PANO nimba e in Greek a ire h t , tt olds U er ar of the kin corn uco iae in bo h han ds to r pp p t g p t ; . ,

l. emer in from clouds , g g , diad and nimba e . t wears conical helmet “ an d chlamys over ar mour ; holds ear of corn and s ear p .

PI X [ . XVII .

’ ’ PAO NANO PA h PAI IAO Bearded Hera l c es l. HPKI The kin n aked hol ds in r . han d cl OOO g ; , ub ’ sea ed cross- le ed t o over 1 . arm lion s skin i t gg , ; n 1.

l. diad and n imba e , t ; hand a l t l e o . , pp , flames ri singfrom shoul ders wears conical hel

met, and holds ear of corn and s ear p .

PI [ . XXVII .

PAO NANO PAOO MAACHNO Male deity (Maha O HPKIKO N sena facin n im ba e and diad. PA O ) g, t , U er ar of th kin pp p t e g clad in coat an d chlamys holds

l. emer in from clouds , in r. hand s an d g g , , t ard surmounted diad ear . w s roun ded b 1 bird in l. sword to l y ; , ; . , . helme holds ear of 6 t ,

corn and ele han - oad p t g . O . PI [L C . . XXVII. - HO0ERKES. 1 39

Obverse. Reverse.

' O oon - od facin PAO NANO PAO O MANAO BAI M g g, O h PKIKO PA N O seated on throne ; feet restin g on U pper part of the ki ng footstool ; wears helmet crescent ms l. em r in from clouds behind shoulders has four ar , e g g , diad wears roun ded and hands in hree of which he . ; , t

“ d ear of ras s sce re rea h ? and fire 1 helmet ; hol s g p pt , w t ,

— h ad four h hand res s on hi to r. corn and elep ant go . t t p ; , f

PI . [ . XXVII

- Moon od l. crescen behind PAO NANO PAOO M AO g , t O h PKlKO PA N O shoulders clad in coat holds ' U pper part of the kin g wreath and sceptre ; sword at

m clou ° l. emer in fro ds , g g , W3 1 8t to 1 . di an d n imba e ed. t wears conical helmet and coat of mail holds s ear ear of corn and p . ' PI 27 1 223 N 85 [ . XXVII.

- d n od l. crescen behin MAO Moo g , t shoulders ; clad in chiton an d l holds chlamys ; sword in . ;

h in r. hand to l. . wreat ; , f

1 ( .

- l ce re A Moon od l. ho ds s Similar. M O g pt

in r hand ad anced to l . l. ; . v ; ,

f .

l v n - ‘ o. . P . xx . 30 1 22 6 N 85 [L C

- od l r. han d ex PAO NANO P M AO Moon g . Similar OOO PKO in l. s ord to l. . A H tended ; , w ; , i ‘ type.

° L 0. 0. Pl. . 31 N 5 [ XXVII 40 GREE AND r' ' ' K sor nrc KINes or BAcrRIA A ND INDIA .

Obverse. Reverse.

‘ PAO NANo PAoo M A ) Moon - god 1 holds sceptre o h PKIKO PANo han d to l . , U pper part of the kin g 1 emer in from cl uds . g g o ,

di ad. wears roun ded

helme and chlam s t, y over armour ; holds ear of corn

oad g .

- Moon god 1 . holds sceptre I han d to l . , f PI [ . XXVII .

L O. [ C. ]

Moon - od l r han g . ; . d ex en ded in sce re held rans t pt , t I versely ; to f

sce re boun d wi h fille pt t t .

PI [ . XXVII .

insor. O O ( MA ) .

Moon - od l hand x M AO g r. e I ended sword in 1 t . o l. t , f

in sor. O O ( MA ) .

Similar . M - oon od r. diad M AO g , . holds

. in r. hand wrea h i , t n sceptre

to r. ,

P1. X 2 [ XVII. 3 ]

1 42 GRE I A EK AND scr rmc K Nes or BAcrnI A AND INDI .

Obverse. Reverse.

- O O OOO O Sun od l. diad. and PA NAN PA MIYP g , h PK!KO PANO radiate holds wreath an d sword I U er art of the kin pp p g to l . , f emer in from clouds g g , di d an d n im e a . bat ; wears con ical helmet ; holds ear of corn an d

s r pea . 48 1 22

mil un - od r radia e h l Si ar. O S . o ds MIIP g , t

s ear an d sword to r p . , w 2 l 1 1 L O. . P . 49 [ C . XXVIII

milar - Si . O o O OO MY Sun d l nimba e r. PA h P g , t ; han d advan ced ; In sceptre ; I

to l. , f .

L O . PL . [ . C XXVIII

- d h O N NO I Sun o l. radia e olds PA A PA M OPO g , t ; ooh PKI U er O pp wrea h an d sce re to L t pt , w ar of the kin l p t g . , emer in from clou g g ds, di ad.; wears roun ded helmet ; holds ear of

corn and ele han t- oad ' p g . 5 3 7 - 55 [L

- O O OO IO O Sun od l. radiate r PA NAN PA Y M P g , . hand hol O h PKIKO PANO ds spear ; l. grasps sword ; ' ' Similar . to L , x

[L o. C. ]

PAo NANo o O O un - od l ra PA MI S . dia e 1 P g , t ; . oo h PKI o o han d holds s ear r res K PAN p ; . ts on hip ; Similar . . sword at wais to l t . , a

54 1 222 N ' 85 PI. X [ XVIII . 1 43 HOOERKES.

Obverse. Reverse .

- r PAo NANoPAo MII PO Sun god radi ate ; .

oo o o hand e ended in l. sce re h PKlK PAN xt ; , pt , U er ar of the kin ~ held ran sversel boun d wi h pp p t g t y, t 1 . emer in from clouds, g g fille to l . t ; , f diad ears roun ded . ; w helmet ; holds ear of

- d corn and elephan t goa . 55 1 23 N 8

1 21 N 7 56 inscr. MIO PO

1 20 N 8 in 57 (bust only of k g) .

58 1 20 N 8 I [ .

1 22 N 8 59 o L 0 . MYP . [

60 30

61 29

- MI O Sun od l. radia e PP g , t ; hand ad anced 1 holds sword v ; . ; l to . ,

in cr s . O . L O. C MllP . [ ]

M IPO

er II O Similar. Same in sor. U pp M P

f kin as above to r. o g ,

L 65 1 1 8 [ 0 . C. ]

- ame in scr. U er ar II O Sun od r. died. an d ra S pp p t M P g , h in as above to 1 . dia e olds rea h an d sword of k g , t ; w t ;

to r. ' 1 44 GREEK AND ser rure K INGs or m en u AND INDIA .

Reverse .

PAO NANO PAO OMIA Sun - god advan cing ra

O O O O dia e r. h nd advan ced 1 hol h PKlK PAN t ; a ; . ds U er ar of km 1 5 3 pp p t s . s ord to , w ; 35 emergi ng from clouds; di imb ad. and n ate wears coni cal helmet ; holds ear of corn an d

spear.

[L O. C. ]

L O Pl [ . C . , XXVIII.

‘ PAoNANo PAooo H M ( MelPo l) Artemis stand

O in r. clad in lon h PKGK PANQ g , g chi ton and m U er ar of kin hi a ion holds in 1 . hand bow pp p t g t , ; m r and e e in from clouds wi h r. draws arrow from g g , t ,

diad . an d nimba e t quiver to r flames rise from shoul ders wears conical hel met ; holds ear of corn an d s ear p .

7 1 1 223 N PI. I [ XXV II .

PAO NANO P O O O Nanaia l. wears s e hane A N A N A , t p ; h PKIKO PANo holds sce re en din in fore ar pt , g p t U er ar Of ki n pp p t g of horse d a er an a to l . , p t , emer in from cloud g g s, died an d m . ni bate ; wears conical helmet ; holds ear of corn an d s pear.

72 N 8 PI. [ XXVIII .

Similar O N n i a a a r. . NAN , diad. and nim bate ; crescent ou head ; holds I sce re and a era to r pt p t . , f

[L O. C . ]

’ kin m s na e OOh PKO inset . L O. g N A N A [ C. ]

oh PKo

1 46 GRE r KINes or E ' D A EK AND sc rmc AcrnIA AN INDI .

Re er e Obverse. v s .

m O NO AO O N Nanaia r. died. and n i PA NA P A N A , O HPKlKO PANO bate crescent on head sword U pper part of the king at waist ; holds sceptre and patera; I mer in fr m clouds l. e o , g g , to r . , f iad wears rounded d . : helmet ; holds ear of

- corn an d elephant goad.

[L O. C. ]

in s r o . N A NO

imilar N anai di ad. S . N a .l and nim A N A . , bate ; crescen t ou head ; holds sce re in ou s re ched r hand pt t t t . ;

in a era to l p t .,

89 1 21 [L o. C . ]

0 9 1 20 inscr. NANO .

L O P1. [ . C. XXVIII .

91 1 22

92 1 21 N ' 8

' 93 1 21 N 85 inscr. barbarous. in r b so . arbarous.

imilar S . O O Nan aia r die A II . , d. and nim ba e holds sce re boun d with t ; pt ,

“ fille and a era to r. t, p t ; , x.

PL [ XXVIII . HOOERKES. 1 47

Obverse. Reverse.

in 1 PAO NANO PAO O O O AN lNA A Nike stand g . ' O O holds wrea h and ro h - s an d as h PKGK PAN t t p y t , U pper part Of king 1 on c in s o Ale ander to r. o f x ; , f emergi ng from clouds di ad and n imba . te wears conical helmet flames risingfrom shoul ders ; holds ear of corn and s ear p . PI [ . XXVIII .

in sor. O ANINAO

i a l nimba e wears O S v . PA NANO PAO O O K PO , t n kla ur arm o h PKIKO PANO ec ce, an d has fo s and

U er , ar of kin 1 han ds in which are 1 vase an d pp p t g , , ( ) ’ emer in f l ele han - oad 2 thU D dGI bOlt 3 g g rom C Oll dS p t g , ( ) , ( ) diad am fl es rising riden 4 oa to t t, ( ) g t ; i from shoulders; wears rounded helmet holds ear of corn and ele

han - oad p t g .

In r r imilar Siva L i h four arms an d sc ba barous. K . S O PO , W t han ds in which are 1 wrea h , ( ) t , ‘

2 l 3 riden 4 oa to l . ( ) , ( ) t t, ( ) g t ; ,

N ° 85

Siva facin hree- headed PAO NANO PA O K PA g, t er art has four arms and han ds in which O oh PK U pp p , mer in are vase hun derbol riden and of kin l. e g , g g , t t, t t, ' '

f om cl uds diad. an d ' r o , club to 1 ' x nimbate wears rounded

’ helmet ; holds ear of corn and stan dard sur b bird mounted y . ' I 1 222 N 85 [P . 1 48 GRE EK AND scr r mo KINGS or BACTRIA AND INDIA .

Obverse. Reverse.

' O O O O Siva facin hree- headed PA NAN PA KP g, t , O O O I O O n imba e clad onl in wais band HPK K PAN t ; y t ,

‘ U pper part of the kin g ithyphallic ; has four arms an d emer in fr m louds hands in hich ar l. o c w e oa wheel , g g , , g t, , mba e riden an h n di ad . and n i d u derbol to r. t ; t t, t t ; , wears conical helmet ; holds ear of corn an d

s ear p .

‘ 2 1 235 85 P1 xxv nr. 1 0 N [ .

i . O O Are n r Sim lar O s s a din . in PA Ph P t g , Greek helmet and armour ; holds s ear and shield which res s on p , t

round to r. g ; , f

PI xxvn r. 1 7 [ .

bar 8 insor. bar 4 1 2 7 ous. in s O or. I O. VA PHOO [ .

1 2 5 N ‘ 85 las let ers of in or wan t 5 ( t t s . in g) .

PAO NANO PAO O PAO O Similar PH AP . o h PKO K Similar type

1 22 8 ° 85

PAO NANo PAooo PAO O O Ares PH P l. , in Greek 0 h PK6 K PANO helmet and armour ; holds shield Similar type. in r. han d s ear in L to 1 , p ; , 1 22 5 PI. xxv [ rrr.

ame ins S or. U er ar PAO PHO PO Ares r pp p t . , in Greek of kin as abo g, ve ; holds helme and armour nim a t , b te ; ear of d I corn an sce re . pt h lds s o pear an d sword to f PI . xxv [ n r.

1 50 GREEK A ND SOYTHIO KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA .

Obverse. Re verse.

PAO NANO PAoo CKANAO K O MAPO MA AC h ’ O O O O O Niche on basi HPKIK PAN N BIZAI s,

U er ar of kin l. i hin which Skanda and Vi pp p t g , w t , sa emer in from clouds kha s andin as abo e be ween g g , t g v ; t diad ears roun ded hem Mahasen horned facin . w t , a, g, helme holds ear of nimba e clad in chlam s swor t ; t , y d I - corn and ele han oad. p t g at ais to L w t ; , f .

NAN OO O Male de l he win e PA APP it . ad d PAO ¢ y , g , o o clad in oa h lKoPAN c holds in r. han d K t ; ,

U er ar of kin l. fire 1 . ras s s ord at ais to l pp p t g , ; g p w w t ; ., emer in from clouds g g , di n nimba e ad. a d t wears conical helmet ; holds ear of corn and s ear p .

1 232 L O. P1 xxvm [ C . . .

PKlKO ANO O Male i l head h P AP de . win ed ¢ P ty , g , U er f kin l ar o . di ad. m s pp p t g , ; fla e rising from shoul emer in from clouds ders wear nd hl g g , ; s coat a c amys ; diad and nimba e . holds in r. hand fire 1 ras t ; , ; . g ps ames rise from shoul fl s ord at ais to w w t ; f . ders; wears conical hel met ; holds ear of corn

and standard.

1 224

PAO NANO PAO O Similar dei n imba ¢A PP ; ty te. O O h PKlKO PANO U er ar of kin l. pp p t g , emer in fi'om clouds g g , diad an . d nimbate ; wears conical helmet ; holds ear of corn and standard surmounted by

bird. 51 noonnxns. 1

Obverse. Reverse

O O O O O ( O Male dei l . head win ed PA NAN PA DAP ty , g , h PKIKO PANO n imbate ; wears coat an d chlamys Kin r han an ced in l lon see as las holdin ear . d adv . g t g ; , g p

" 0f corn and s ear. p tre sword at wais to L t ; ,

I o. C. [ . ]

me in sor. Kin as las Male dei l nimba e Sa . g t ; ¢ A PPO ty , t ; holdin g ear of corn and flames risin gfrom shoulders; holds h sce re in e ended r. and fire in l. pt . xt , ; ,

sce re to l. pt , w

1 21 2 PI xxvrn . [ .

ame r Kin as be ale d i head S inso . M e r. win ed g ¢A PPO ty , g , fore ; holding ear of n imbate ; clad in coat ; holds 00m an d S 9 “ P fir sce re an d e to r . pt , f

3 1 1 23 P xxvn r. 2 [ . 7

be me inser i Kin as Male dei l . Sa . head win ed g ¢A PPO ty , g , fore ; holdi ng double n imbate ; clad in coat and r hlam old ear of corn and spea . c ys h s purse and cadu I ceus to l ; . , f

1 [ o. C. ]

PAO NANO PA ¢APO Similar figure ; holds purse ? ' O O O HPK€ KO PA and lon sce re to L1 g pt . , f Kin g as before ; holding e r f corn and s ear a o p .

PI xx r [ . vn .

O O O Male dei r head win e PAO NAN PA O ¢APPO ty . g d O and nimba e clad in c h PKIK PANO diad. t ; oat

mil r holds sce re an h n - Si a . pt d elep a t goad ' ' to x

P xx r. [ I. vn 1 52 . G R GREEK AND SOYTHIO KIN S OF BACT IA AND INDIA.

Obverse. Reverse.

O O O Insor barb Male dei l i . arous m PA NAN PA . . n ty ,

oo h PKO KO P ba e in e ended r. hand fire t xt , i U er ar o kin 1. pp p t , g 1 n 1 sword to 1 " , " i n emerging from clouds ia an d nim a e d d. b t wears rounded helmet holds ear of corn and n ar sta d d.

1 25 1 241 ’ 85

' PAoNANoPAoo oAPe Male deity head winged O O nimba e hold i r hand HPKIK NO s n . rea h PA t ; , w t I U er ar of kin pp p t g m 1 sce r . pt e to 1" i emerging from clouds

diad. wears rounded helmet holds ear of

corn and ele han - oad p t g .

1 21 2

M Similar. ¢ ale dei r. head win ed APPO ty g , nimba e r hand res t ; . ts on hip ; in

l. sce re to r , pt .

insor . ¢A PO

I O . . . PI [ C . xxv nr.

Similar ¢ Male dei 1 1 APO ty . . hand rests on hi in r. sce r p ; , pt e ; to l 1 32 1 23 3 75

1 33 1 21 4 ins ( or. PAPPO L O C [ . . ]

1 22 ‘ 1 34 1 O A4) s ord at ais I ( w w t) .

54 GREE A ND SCYTHIO GS OF BACTR A AND A 1 K KIN I INDI .

Obverse. Reverse.

ooo O O male dei r. died o o e . PA NAN PA AP XP F ty , h PKGNo PANo an d nimbate holds cornucopiae d d. an The kin r. dia g , , to r nimba e ridi n on ele t , g phant ; holds spear an d h l ' elep ant goad.

1 o. [ C. ]

mil r 4" Si a . In sor obscure Female dei l . . ty ., n imba e holds in e ended r t ; xt . h n d wre l a a h in . cornuco iae , t ; , p I l to . . , f I o . [ . . C ]

O r HPAKA Z Heracles . ; holds in h n d l I i r . a c ub . ra sed t h , ; o ead ; l l to r . , i . PI xxrx. [ .

Similar. - MAO Moon od l. crescen g , t behind shoulders r hand en d ; . ext ed ; with

1 . ras s word o l s t . g p ; ,

I 0 PI [ . . C . . xxrx.

dei holds wrea h and ( ty t sword) .

Of h . t e deit accom ani ed b the inscri io O y p y pt n A XPO on gold of this Hoosnxss. 1 55

Obverse. Reverse.

im ° O O O O O Female dei l. n ba e PA NAN PA O MA ty , t O holds in bo h hands cornuco iae h PKeNO PAN t , p ' ‘ Th ' kin . di ed and e r . g , 1 to . x nimba e ridi n on ele t , g phant ; holds spear an d le h n o e p a t g ad. ]E 1 05

- Similar O O Sun od 1 radia e r. . MII P g , t ; 1 ras s h and extended ; Wi th . g p 5 s ord to L w ; , 5

O. C. [I . ]

inscr O . ( . MllP )

E ' 95

- o mba e r. Barbar r i O ? Sun d ni ous insc . K ng on MPP g t ;

ele han o 1 hand e ended in l. sce re to p t t . xt , pt 1

O O OO O o O Si a s andin 1 four armed PA NAN PA KP v t g , 0 0 holds wrea h hunderbol riden h PK6 N PAN t , t t, t t, The kin r d i di ed. an g ., an d oa to I g t , f? nimba e ridin on ele t , g phant ; holds spear and ele han - o p t g ad. E 1 105

Si a holds in fourth han d vase . ( v , )

PI xxrx. [ .

O O Si a s andin two armed Similar. KP v t g l ri ho ds in r. hand den in l. , t t ; , I ’ a d li n in I l ase n o s sk to . v ( ) , f

to r. Q E 1 05 ,

I . [ . o. C ] GREE AND S C THC K GS OF A A K Y I IN B CTRIA AND INDI .

Obverse. Reverse .

B ronze t e Ki seated . ( y) yp , ng

o 1 PAoNANo PAo Ae P Male deity . OO KGNO O * h P PAN in e ended r hand xt . ; Kin acin d f hea r. g g, , seated cross- legged on cushions bod radia e , y t

in 1. hand s e c re. , pt

sor. in head an In K g, d Similar. bod radi a e sea ed y t , t ' n facing o throne.

Inscr Kin nim g bate APAOXP Female deity holds facm head r . sea ed e g, , t corn uco i a to 1 p e " T; holds in 1 hand sce re , pt .

ni mba r e . AP AO Female dei t , , J XP ty 1.

in r. hand sce re 1 to , pt ( ) f .

Insor. Kin sea ed cross MAO Moon- g t od l. crescen g , t behind le ed o g n cushion s shoulders r han g , ; . d advan ced ; with facm head g, r. , head 1 ras ' g ps s ord ; to 1 and bod radia w " g y te ; 1 . hand is d ra e .

L o. 0. P m [ L i x.

sce r pt e.

On coins of this class the in scri tion is ev p en more debased than on those of the last sometimes however it e 0 0 ; , , nds 11 PKGKO PANO

GREEK A ND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA .

Obverse. Reverse.

O O r n imba e PAO NAN PA NANA Nanaia . t O O h PKGKO PANO sce re to r pt , " 5 Kin wi h head nim g, t bate and bod radia e y t , sea ed facin head r t g, . , ' egged on cushion s;

holds in 1. hand sce re , pt .

' Similar O i m a . O S va facin n i b e KP g, t ,

l. has four arms and ha ds n , in which he holds a wrea h a hun = t , t derbolt a , vase ;

Inscr. Kin wi h head Simil r g, t a . radia e t , faci n g,

Siva holds o in four h han ( g at t d).

Siva ras s s ord in f ou ( g p w rth hand) . a 1 nazonno (v su DEVA) . 59

Obverse. Reverse.

A BAZODEO (VASU DEV ) .

Gold . (a.)

i r n imba e head O O O N N Naue a . PA NAN PA BA A A , t , Z O Ah O KO PANO surmounted by crescent ; holds kin l cl d in sce re en in in fore ar of The . a g , pt , d g p t con ical helme and sui t t horse an d a era to r. , p t ; , f d n im of mail diad. an , r han d o er bate holds . v wears al ar in l . s ear t ; , p ;

sword.

O Siva facin havin hree PAO NANO PA O KP g, g t O BAZ O A HO K faces an d two arms holds wreath I

Similar. and trident to f

PI xxrx. r O O . . (in so . PK ) [

O O O O Siva facin havin hree PAO NAN PA BA KP g, g t Z O Ah O KO PANO faces an d two arms holds wreath

kin 1 clad in an d riden behin d hi m bull l. The g , t t ; , I conical helmet an d suit to r. . , f im ail died. an d n of m , ’ r han d over bate ; holds .

ar in l. s ear s an alt , p ; t

dard behin d head.

I xxrx. [P .

- 1 . d . o C. (Siva one face ) [ . ]

' N 85 (bull feeding) .

in s r O O . ( o . PK )

' - 1 Siva one faced s mbol to . N 85 barbarous) . ( ) y ' ‘ GREEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OF BAOI RIA AND INDIA .

Reverse.

O O O O Siva on e- headed facin PA NANO PA BA KP . . g Z O Ah O KO PANO holds wreath an d trident ; behind The king Stan ding as “ m h1 bull 1 . 0 1 . , 1 t before at altar ; beside which riden fi ed , t t x

the ground.

to l. o q >lo ,

I P O. l. . x [ C . xxr .

Siva crosses his le s ( g ) to r. ,

B arb mit t ons arous i a i .

P1 . xxr [ x.

below F , E

1 6' GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BA CTRIA AND INDIA .

I nosor rn i c U N ER AIN. n , C T

’ tion seems to run on

cro n and w , ( 1 63 )

SUPPL EMENT.

IMP R AN Y S M ‘ O T T T PE NOT IN THE BRITISH MU SEU .

Obverse. Reverse.

EM I D ETR U S.

B kin r di A EQZ Pallas facin ust of the g ad. BAZ I g. A HMHT PIOY armed ; holds

lance an d shield.

3 ' n n m an I fR Wt. 24 Ge . u nin ha : [P . xxx. ( C g ) s ecim n re injured p e (Wt. l c uired for Bri useum a M . cent y q t.

’ Pallas s l me inscr ea ed l . ho din Head f the kin r. in ele han s Sa . o g , p t t , g

s ear in r. and shield in 1. skin . p ,

m Gen . unnin ha . 1 . E round 7 P . [ xxx _ , ( C g )

O BAxlA en z ANIKHT Y A H 7 1 1mm} Y EN-v u

U ' T PIOY B us of the kin r. MH t g , W L Malta ru a m 1 ( 1 in ele han 8 Skin p t ap araj itasa D emo Winged l thunderbo t .

‘ E s uare 75 Gen . Cunnin ham . PI xxx. [ . q , ( g )

he Greek and Sc thic Kin s In this list will be found the more important coins of t y g

een li hed but are not re resented in the British Museum. Mere which have b pub s , p

ot ven nor in most cases merel difierent denominations of alread varieties are n gi , , , y y han those of he Bri ish mentioned coin s unl ess when such denominations are hi her t t t , g es th fi ures in which ai e in To this Su lement belon three lat e. g Museum Coins. pp g p , ’ ni ham s valuable a ers in the N umismatic Chronicle and most cases due to Gen . Cun ng p p , n In one or two instances coin s have been 1 n se1 ted are reproduced by his kind permissio . late for them to fi ure m their here which were acquired for the British Museum too g

p reper places. 1 64 SU PPL EMENT.

O Reverse bverse. .

PAN AL EO T N.

1 Z Head of the king r ,diad. BAZ IA EQZ eus seated

PANTAA EO NTO I l. holds

in l. sce re in r a fi r , pt , . , gu e of the hree- headed Heka e t t .

Wt ' PI. . JR 32 en unnin h . 2 G . am [ xxx ( C g ) .

AGA H L ES T OC .

t A t With name and yp e of n iochus Niod ior.

ANT IO XOY Head of Antiochus BAXIA EYO NT O Z Zeus striding

O I. r. diad. O O to l ur NIKAT POZ , AFAO KA B YI . , h l A IKAIOY in g thunderbolt

ea le at his fee : to l. rea g t , w th.

1 ' P . . n. unni [ R Wt. 255 Ge n ham [ xxx ( C g ) .

ANTIMACHU S I .

With name and t e o yp f Diodotus.

A IO A OT OY Head of Diodotus BAz lA EYO NT O X Zeus striding r X9 T HPo}: ., diad ANT IMAXQY to hurl O EOY ing thunderbolt ; e le a at his fee : to l. rea h g t , w t .

fR e radrachm The la e ir T t ( t S E. C . Ba le y y) .

own t ypes.

Indian ele han r. 2 p t BAZ lA EQZ O EO Nike l Y . , ANT | MAXOY holding wrea h an d alm s andin t p , t g on row of shi p p .

P1 xxx. . 7 [ E round 9 formerl Ge [ ] , ( y n . Cun n in gham) .

1 66 SU PPL EME T N .

Obverse. Reverse.

BAZ lA EQZ MEI' AAOY EY 7 3 p m) “ KPAT IA OY Bust of the kin g 1 14 7 1 1 2 7 7 (Mahan yasa me ed. r. diad and hel , . t raj ad/trqiasa Eoukmtidaea) Nike l h olds rea h nd alm. . w t a p

PI [ E s uare ' 7 [ . xxx. q ,

HEL IOCL ES.

Bu , s of the kin r. helme ed. BAZ IA Zeus sea ed 1 t g , t EQZ t , HA lO KA EOYz holds Nike A lKAIOY an d lon sce re g pt .

IR Tetradrachm (formerly Major Ha y) .

PI. xxxr. { R D rachm The la e ir S E . [ ( t C. Ba l y ey) .

ANTIAL CIDA S.

: sAxlA en z N IKI—MO POY 7 1 ; A 3 ANT IAA KIAOY Bust of the 1 q 7 1 7 1 2 ra s a l 4 ° kin r m J i/ g diad. dharasa A i ti k Ele han n ali idasa) . p t

alkin r. rea h in raised ru k w g ; w t t n .

IE s uare ' 5 a o q , 7 (M j r L an don : now resen ed to British Museum p t ) .

ANTIAL CIDAS A ND L IA YS S.

BAXIA EQX N O Inset. as las T A [ KHT Y t. he caps of the Dios AYZ IOY Bus of bearded curi and two alms t , p . H r e e akl s r. club n hould o s er.

I ' P . xxxr. ] E s uare 7 Bodleian L ibrar [ q , ( y) . SU PPL E 1 67 MENT.

Obverse. Reverse.

HEOPHIL U S T .

BAZ 'A EQI A lkAlOY Bus N t 7 77 W} Yj fi U (Mahara c EOOIAOY Of the ki n r. g , ' 7 j asa dhi amikasa diad wn eu las . Herakles cro Th phi a) ,

in himself holds in 1. han d g , ’ club and lion s skin .

' in ham I Gen . unn . P xxxr [ R Wt. 36 [ . . ( C g )

~ BAZ 'A EQ: A lKAlOY O EO Yd fi j fl 7 w} 7 3 1 ~ y ‘ AOY Head Of bearded Hera N (Mdhdraj asaéthramikasa Then

kles r. club on shoulder. rnuco iae. p hilasa) . Co p

JE s uare 8 Gen unn in ham . PL . . [ XXXI q , ( C g )

ARCHEBIU S.

BAZ IA Em: A IKAIOY N IKH T 1 } A i Z y oo PoY APXEBIOY Bust of , TM I f JM G i d sce re on shoulder. ‘ us r. d a . Ze , ; pt dhramzkasa j ayadharasa Arkhebi

asa . The ca s of the Dioscuri y ) p , n a a d two p lms.

n m . KB s uare 9 Gen. unni ha PI xxxr. [ . q , ( C g )

APOL L OD OTU S.

m 1 BAxmsn x a HPoz r .n 7 33 1 ' O O O O A O110 [A II A A A T Y] P Mahara asa tradatasa Ap alada , ( j

sea ed r. on hr ne holdln out o , g ri od. t t mm) . T p

bow . ' i ham [ E s uare 8 en. unn n . q , (G C g ) 1 68 SU PPL EMENT .

e . Obverse. Rev rse

STRATO I .

BAzlA En z EHI¢ANO YZ TY 41 7 3zN V ' znT HPoz z rPATn No): - 7 1 5 mm m h; Bus Of the kin r. diad. t g , chhasa tr datasa Strat s Pal a a a) . las holding aegis and hurling hun er t d bolt.

PI A1 W ‘ n in m t. 1 34 e . unn ha . [ . xxxr. (G C g )

T S RATO II .

1 BAC IA EQC CQT HPO C ‘ Z j vv u CT PATQNO C Y Io ” Y ’7 Fi fi CT PATQNO C Bust of the (Maharaj a mj amj asa Stratasa kin r. diad. g , p utmsa aha aamp rzyap

tasa . Pallas l holdin ae ) . ; g gis and thunderbol t.

1 A?» W 3 ° P . xxxr. t. 6 Gen . unnin h [ ( C g am) .

’ his is Gen. unnin ham s readin of hi s s ecimen en ra ed and T C g g p ( g v ), given on hi s au hori t ty.

MENANDER.

BAZ IA EQX I QT HPo): 7 § ‘1 ~ y NA O Head of Pallas MENA P Y (Mdharaj aea tradatasa Mena

me ed. r. hel drasa . O l t ) w r.

R ' [ Wt. 28 PL xxxr. Gen. unn in [ ( C gham) .

BAZ IA EQZ I QTHPO i ~ ~ Y 7 § L ( Mahd ENANA POY Bust Of the ‘ M “ ! T L i raj asa tradatasa kin l. wearin ae is and hrus g , g g t t P8 1103 L holdin i h s ear ; g ingw t p . hun derbol and ae i t t g s.

[ R Didrachm Publish ( ed by Gen.

unnin h — C g am from a scaling wax i m ressi on p ) .

1 70 SU PPL EME NT.

Obverse. Reverse.

ZOIL U S.

BAXIA EQX A lKA lOY Bus 7 N Y t T 7 W2 Tj fi (Mafia. I QlAOY of the kin r. di ad. ' g , r cyasa dhramikasa. J kailasa Herakles facin ). , g; holds ’ in r. h in l cl rea . ub and lion w t ; , s skin on his should er, Nike hold in rea h g w t . ? PI. xxxrr A » Wt. 36 5 en . G . un nin h [ ( C g am) .

” BAZ IA EQX IO Head ‘ A IKA Y 7 d ? ” Pkg/ 2 7 3 1 N u I fl lAO Y of bearded Herakles ' Mahara asa dhramzlrasa J 720i ’ ( j r. in lion s skin . , - lasa . lub an d bow case ) C , within

iv - rea h y w t . PI . xxxu [ . 113 s uare L ad Headf rt q , ( y o ) .

AR EMIDOR T U S.

‘ BAZ IA EQZ ANIKHTO Y - ? l1 f, 7 T j j xv APT EMlAfl POY Bus of the u t fi qfi g kin o r d 7 ‘ “ 7 Mdhé ra asa . ( j iad . , ' a adthatasa A rtem'idoras Ar p a) . temis clad in shor , t chiton an d chlam s shoo in 1 y , t g .

PI xxx ° . n . ZR W [ t. 1 28 Gen . unn in ham ( C g ) . A s ecimen much i n ured Wt p j ( . 1 1 7 recen tly acquired for B ri ish Museum t .

kin h lme ’ e ed . I P . m u ( . g ) IR Wt. 36 Gen t [ ( . Cunningham) ;

Same i nscr. Bus of the kin r . ame i n S scr. Nike r t g , . ; holds wreath dia d. and al p m.

PI ' . xxxn . [ !R Wt. 37 Gen . C un nin ham ( g ) . SU PPL EME T N .

Obverse. Reverse.

PHIL OXENU S .

1 Th didrachm of his e B ritish Museum has recen tly acquired a (Wt. t but havin on the king with the usual type an d in scription s (p . g r in wi h s ear ob ers h he kin l. h us v e a elme ed bus of t . t t g , t t g t p

NICIAS.

‘ ‘ ‘ 1 BAXIA EQI ZQT HPO Z 7 1 1 L (Maha t O B us of he kin r. N lKl Y t g , : 7 7 77 4 raj asa tradatasa ia d d. N ki The kin or Pallas 2 i asa) . g ( ) lm helme ed s andin 1 . holds a t , t g p

over shoulder.

° m W t 6 en unn in ha . 3 . ZR. . G PI xxxn . [ . ( C g )

TEL EPHU S.

BAz lA Efl z EY EPFETO Y 7 L1 21 5 /7 7 3 ma . u T HA E¢OY Gian Skythes 2) ' t ( 1 211 7 (Malzamj asa his bod en din g in hree ser en s y t p t a Heli os p alanakramasa Telep has ) . holds in each fian d hammer ? radia e facin clad in un ic an d t g, t chlam s holds lon sce re be y , g pt ; side him male figure wrapped in

man le wearin wrea h or horn ed z. t , g t

in field mon . ,

' 3 Bodleian L ibrar . R Wt. 7 xxxn . [ [PI. ( y)

r man havin kin dl rocured a cas of his coin we are enabled to M . O g y p t t ,

Mr. hi her oa eared . give a more accurate description of it than has t t pp

- Ben dall su g es s the readin dlanakshamasa as a renderin oi ete ér ov. g t gp g , py

AMYNTAS .

h he usual e of reverse 1 Cun n in ham ossesses hemidrachms wi t p , Gen . g p t ty

ha in on the obverse res ec ivel 1 bus of the the seated Zeus ; but v g p t y, ) t

Macedonian causia 2 bus of the kin bare- headed hrus in king in ; ( ) t g, , t t g

with sp ear. 2 SU PPL EME T 1 7 N .

Obverse. Reverse.

HERMAEU S.

‘ en unnin ham has a didrachm of he usual e Wt. 1 53 wi 1 G . C g t typ ( th helme ed head of the kin on the o rse t g bve .

H 2 BAZ IA EQZ Z QTHPOZ N J rv u T I T j fi (Ma fia EPMA lO Y King on horseback ‘ 7 A u 1 l ‘1 ra asa maha fasa allo in j g p g. H ma era Zeus sea ed 1 . on yasa) . t hrone t .

' E . Wt. 31 Gen nin ham un . ( . C g )

3 Bar n/nan : zT HPoz xv B of AIOY us the kin r. ‘ t g , A u ab Egy Y 1 (Mahamj asa

N 8a) . ike

xxxn . m E round 7 Gen unn in ha . , ( . C g )

‘ 4 V Y U ncertain devic b 7 A TS U e, surrounded y a ircle of (Mdhdraiasa raj a c un ascertain ed Chin ese

Herama Horse r charac ers. [ . t

“ E 1 Sir D . Fors h Num 671mm ( yt ), . , 1 8 9 7 . 2 , p 7 6.

M AU ES.

” 1 BAXIA EQZ BAZ IA EQN " ~ v ‘ ‘ T 1 VII M H I ( Raj a MEFAAO Y MAYOY Biga 7 diraj asa mafmtasa r. in which radia , te figure holdi ng

Moasa . Zeu s sea ed 1. on thron e sce re or s ear and chario eer ) t ; pt p , t . hunderbol in e ended r han t t xt . d.

[ R Didrachm Bodleian Librar ( y) , ' Wt. 1 21

{ R Hemidrachm ac uired for ( q Brit.

W t.

1 7 4 PPL EME SU NT.

Reverse Obverse. .

GOND OPHARES.

l rsacid w EI EwN he kin . wearin A I E C A t g , g BAE A BA MEFE YNA O OEPHC D Kin sea ed r AYTCIKPAT g t . on h one holdin sce re behind t r , g pt ,

hi m.

' Wt 58 Berlin Zeitschr. . Nam I xi r E . . P . xx . [ ( , j

1 8 . 79, p

ZEIONISES.

Barbarous insor. The kin r. 0“ g , Inscription ending (Ji

horseback arm ex ended. a va The ; t k nia ) .

one side, Nike Win less fi ure crownin him g g , g .

’ I xxxn . hm om P P . E . idrac h n as s ri se Pl. [ D (T p,

xxvm.

AR ACES DIKAI S OS .

BAC IA€ YO NTO C BAC IA€ Ariau legend raj a (U N A IKAIOY APCAKO V f afasu mahatasa Askshakasa tra h k orseback r r an ‘ T e in on h . . h d datasa . e oblitera ed On g, ; ) Typ t . [

raised. an o her s ecimen Male fi ure to t p , g the lef holdin a small fi ure in t, g g his ri h hand g t ] .

E round unn (C ingham) .

A coin of this class has a t e thus described b Rollin and Fenarden t t yp y , Ca alogue ' — Fi mi itaire dia m d édaillcs No. 8296. ure l dé e ebout a dc M , g é , g., tenant de la dr. une

me la . sur son é ée pal , g p SU PPL EME T 1 75 N .

Obverse. Reverse.

A E ARS C S THEOS.

- BAC IA€ wC OGOY CAKOY Bow in case : fillet border. Horse r .

I ' ' P . xxxn s uare 7 Berlin Z eitaclu . . [ . E q , ( , f

am Pl . N ” . V

KAD PHI SES II .

OO O ‘ U sual reverse e Siva s andin BAC IA€ YC HM KAA N ; typ , t g h ldi l Kin r. o n c ub C HC g , g ; (see p. in i a l seated b g movings owly to r.

PI xxxn . N S a er Ariana Anti ua PI. . [ . t t ( g , x

KANERKES.

O Helios stan din radia e PAO NANO PAO K[ANHPK| ] HAI C g, t hand advan ced the o her f the kin r. one KO PANO Bust o g , , t

helme ed holdin s ear above ras in s ord. t , g p , g p g w ds clou .

30 8 Rollin and Feuardent . N Wt. ( )

bilin ual hi s coin ublished b v. Salle is no ewor h as . T , p y t, t t y g

PAO KA]NHPKI The king ] FO BOYA O Buddha seated facin cross- le ed arms in os an din at al ar. st g, t g, gg p

ture of benediction.

° E 1 Berlin Z eitschr . Nam. 1 879 PI xxxn . . [ . ( , f ,

PI. ix.

1 78 E 1 IND X .

— — H rcodes 1 1 7 Bow in case. Maues 2 Arsaces ei holds s ear . . , 7 D ty, p y ,

— w rse K an erkes 1 30. heos 1 75. D ei i h ho T , ty, t ,

Bow- case an d club — Zoilus 1 0 D ei female holds cornuco iae. , 7 . ty, , p

Buddha standin — Kanerkes 1 30 Kanerkes 1 30 1 33 Hooerkes , g , , , , ; , 1 3 1 54 1 56 1 33. 7, , .

— me er s n in — A zas 85 Buddha sea ed Kan erkes 1 75. D e a d . . , t , t , t g ,

~— me er a — Aze dian Heliocles Dio D e ? se ed s 84. Bull In . 2 , , 4 ; t t ,

des 34 D eme r s Head of — D eme ri me 31 A oll odotus I . u . us 6 , ; p , , t i , t , ,

36 E an der 51 Ar emidorus 1 63. p , t ,

iadema — ollodo 54 Philoxenus 5 Maues D . A tus II . 39 , 7 , p ,

69 7 1 Azes 85 e Azilises Dion sius 1 69. , , gg. , y ,

— 95 s Zei ni D iodotus Head of. Diodotus I 3 gg. ; o ses, 1 1 1 8g. ; , ., U n cer ain 1 62 A a hocles 1 0 An imachus I t , . g t , t . , ’ — Bull s head Menande 1 64. r, 1 69.

D iomedes Head oil— D iomedes 3 , , 1 .

— D ion sius Head of . D ion sius 51 y , y , . C . Dion sus oun Head oil — P y , Y g, anta

leon 9 A a hocles 1 1 . — aduceus. Deme r ius 7 Maues , g t , C t , , Dioscuri The s andin — , , Diomedes, 68. t g 31 Azilises 93 E ucratides aduceus and cock — o h s , ; , C S p yte , 2. 1 6 allio e and Hermaeus 5. C p , Heads of . D ioscuri The on horseback — Eucra — Hermaeus and allio e 66 , , C p , . i m l a des, 1 3 s . 1 65 Diomedes a e B c rian . U ncert 1 2 t gg , , C , t . , 1

Menander 6 31 . , 1 9.

— — Dioscuri One of the Eucratides i A . Philoxenus 57 i , , C ty, , H ppo

ra us 5 s 1 6 Azilises 93. s 9 . Axes 82 9 ; , t t , g , , 0sq . l hi — D o n . Menan der 1 6 Azes and A zili , 9. ses, 1 73 Azi p D l hin win u lises 94 o ed ro nd an chor. U n car . 1 62 Se p , t , t , . ( e Nicias 58 also Tyche , .

i — Head of a. Andra oras C ty, g , 1 .

i and kin — Zeionises C ty g , 1 1 0. E . lub — Menander 50 C , .

lub and bow- — — C case. Zoilus 1 70 Ele hant Heli cl . o es 23 s . L as , p , q ysi , Cook an d aduceus — So h C . tes 2 . 29 8 . Archebius 33 A llo p y , g ; , ; po Cornuco iaa — heo hilus 1 67 . do as I. 34 Zoilus 53 Maues p T p , t , ; , ; ,

68 Azes 87 90 Azili 5 ; , , ; ses, 9 ,

97 An imachus I . 1 64 Antinl D t , ; . cidas 1 66 Menan der 1 , ; , 69. D - — ancin irl. Pan aleon 9 gg t , A a g Ele han : holds wrea h — Maues p t t . , thocles 1 1 . , 7 1 .

D ei wears modiu — , s. Hooerkes Ele han Head oi — ty , p t, l D emetrius 7 1 53 . Menander 5 , 0. PE TY S. 1 7 9

Enclosure Sacred — A a hocl s n on es 98 S al , e 1 2. a a ame g t , , p g d s with

E an der — Von Head of . E ander 1 69 on es 99 U n cert p , p , . , . , 1 1 9

Eucratides Head — Hermaeus of. E ucratides and Kad hises , , p , 1 20

1 3 s . 1 65 8 . Kad his s . es l gg , g g p . , 1 22 Hooer

Euth dem — kes 1 us I . He d 38 1 54 a oi . Euth heo hilus 1 6 y , y , , ; T p , 7 ; demus I Vonone . 4 s . A a hocles 1 0 s and S alahores 1 3 , , q g t , . p , 7 .

Euth demu II — Her s . H a akles y e d of . Euth sea ed. Euth dem us I . , y , t y , demus II . 8. 4 3 . A a hocles 1 0 A a , g ; g t , g tho

cleia an d S ra o 43 A zilises t t , ; , 95 S ; palagadameswith Sp aly ris , 1 00. H erakles Nike on shoulder — . Zoilus ,

Female fi ure between s ars — Maues 1 7 0. g , t

Herakles bearded H — 70. ead of , , Euthy

- demus I Female fi ure : holds fillet Ma s . 5 D eme rius g . ue , , t , 7 E uth dem 7 1 A zas 89 us II . 8 L sias 29 , . y , y ,

— Fire - od K anerk 3 S ra o I . 42 An tialcidas an . es 1 0 1 32 s d g , , g. ; t t , ; Hoo rk L sias 1 66 heo hilus e es 1 36 1 50 s . 1 56 1 67 , , gg , . y , T p , Zoilus , 1 70.

Herakles oun He d i — a o . A , Y g, ga thocles 1 , 0.

Heraiis Head of — Hera s . u 1 1 , , 6.

i — l h s G an . e e u 1 1 7 . Hermaeus H — t T p , ead of. Hermaeus 6 , , 2

— d El an . Men n d r Goa e h a e 1 69 . e 1 72 Herm , p t , gg , ; aeus and Kad n do hares Head f on Go , o . G do hises 1 20 s K ad p . hi ses I . p , g p ,

hares 1 03 a . 1 7 4. p , gg , 1 22.

r on - head on ae is See A e is Go . . Hermaeus an d allio e Heads g g ( g ) C p , of.

Hermaeus and allio e 66 C p , .

mes s an d n — Her i . Maues 7 1 A zes , t g , , 83 e H gg. .

Hi ostratus Head of - Hi pp , . ppo

‘

h n d of Zeus. See Zeus u Heca e in a . stra s 59 s . t ( ) t , g

ead oi — Heliocles 21 r — Euth demus I 5 Heliocles H . Ho se . Euth , , y , ; y

mus II . 8 He 1 66. de liocl a . es 2 gg , , , 2

i e Men an der 48 H Heliocles and L aod c Heads oi . i ostratus , , pp , 60 Hermaeus 66 1 Eucratides 1 9 . 7 2 Maues , , , ,

— elios in uadri a. Pla o 20. 7 2 Azes 89 Azilises 96 H q g t , , ,

- me ucr tides 1 65 A rsa kles oun s an din . D e E a ces he s ra , o He , Y g, t g , T , 5 mus II 8 1 . rins 6 Euth de . 7 t , ; y , ;

r of — Zoilus 52 rs Fore a . H rcod 29 s . Ho e es 1 1 8 sias . L y , g , , p t y ,

89 Azi odes Head of - H r 69 s . A zes rc codes aues H . 1 1 M , q , ; y , y ,_ 7

s 96 S alahores with V0 lise , ; p 1 80 1 1 mm: 1 .

r K King between Nike and anothe . 4 Zeionises, 1 7 .

— da hes 1 23. — Ka hises II . Kada h s Head oi . , Kin half len h Kad e . p , p g, gt p ,

— hi i Head oi . Kad 1 24 anerkes 32 1 75 Kadph ses IL , p ; K , 1 , Ho erkes 3 e ses I 1 26. o 1 6 . L , , gg

f — Kan erkes 1 32. Kin Head of h lm ed — o h tes Kan rkes Head o . e e S e . , , g, , t p y ,

— ali Kin s andin Azilises 96 S 2 Eucratides 1 4 e . 1 65 g, t g , p ; , gg , ; rises 1 01 S alirises wi h Azes Pla o 20 Antialcidas 26 , p t , t ; , ;

1 02 Kad hises IL 1 26 e . L sias 29 Diomedes 31 ; p , g ; y , ; , ; 75 Ba Kanerkes 1 29 e 1 Archebius 32 Stra o I . 40 , gg , ; , ; t , ;

Nicias 1 7 1 . th le n er 4 59 3 . A a oc ia 43 Mena d 4 rodeo, 1 g , g , ; ,

— A zes 83 in sea ed Maues 7 1 s . A ollo han es 54 Phi K g, t . , , g ; p p , ; ndo hares 1 04 Sana loxenus 56 Am ntas 61 Go p , ; , ; y , bares 1 1 3 Kada hes 1 23 Hermaeus 63 So er 1 1 6 , p , , , ; t , Hoo Kad hises II. 1 24 e . Kad hises IL 1 24 Kaner p , gg ; p , Hooerkes erkes 1 38 1 45 kes 1 32 Hooerkes 1 36 e . , , , , ; , gg ; H eliocles 1 66 1 56. , .

— — Kin on horseback. An imachus II . Ki Head of in causi a An i g t , ng, _ , t

6 7 1 Ni . mach 55 Philoxen us 5 1 us I . 1 2 An tialci das 25 ; , , ; , ,

ias 58 Hi ostratus 59 e . s m n a c . A t s 1 7 1 , pp , g g ; y , . ’ Hermaeus 1 72 Hermaeus an d Kin Head of in ele han s skin , g, , p t

allio e 66 Maues 68 s . m C D e e rius 6 1 63 L sias 29 . p , , g t , , y ,

a — A zes 73 e . 88 e . Az s Kin Head of in iara Sanabares , gg , gg g, , t ,

and Azilises 92 1 73 Azilises 93 1 1 3 GondO hares 1 4 , , , p , 7 .

e . S alahores wi h Von on es Kin Bus of hrus in wi h gg p t , g, t , t t g t spear.

98 S ala adames withVon on es — Eucratides 1 8 1 5 ; p g , , , 6 Arche

99 S ala adames with S al bius 32 Menander 46 e ; p g p y , ; , g. , ris 1 00 S alirises 1 00 S a 1 68 Philoxenus 1 7 1 Am n , ; p , ; p ; , ; y lirises wi h Azes 1 02 Gondo tas 1 7 1 . t , , da ases 1 hares 1 03 e . Ab 07 p , gg g , i car 1 1 1 e Zeion ses 1 1 0 U n . g. ; , t , ; L .

So er 1 1 4 e . Zeionises 1 74 t , gg ,

Arsaces Dikaios 1 74. L akshmi beside lion — Az , , . es, 85. Kin on ele hant — Hooerkes 1 37 L aodice Head of g p , , . (See Heliocles

1 53 e . and L aodice g . )

— Kin on camel — . Azes 88. L ion . Azes 85 e Azili g , , gg ses, 97 ;

Kin in bi — e a Kad his s IL 1 75. Zeionises 1 1 1 U ncar g , . 1 1 1 g p , ; t , ,

Kin crowned b Nike - Gon do g y . 1 1 9 .

hares 1 74. M s — L ion an ele s. Pan aleon 9 A a p , , t , g Kin on horseback crown ed b thocles 1 1 Menander g , y , , 50

Nike — He . raii s 1 1 6. Maues , , 69 .

- K n and i i - C . Ze onises 1 1 0. L sias Head oi . L sias 29 i g ty , y , y , .

82 E I 1 IND X .

— — h tes 2 ms Eucra So h te Head oi . So . f D iosc ri n al . s Pilei o u a d p p y , p y ,

— ides 1 5 1 8 1 65 A ntialcidas Soter Head of. So er 1 1 4 e . t , , , , , t , gg

— 8 Antialcidas and L sias S ra o I . Head of. S ra o I . 40 e . 27 g. y , t t , t t , g ,

1 68. 1 66 Archebius, 1 67 .

— S ra o I He i — S ra o IL 1 68 20. L ad o . . la o Head oi . Pla o P t , t , t t , t t ,

— — hus I. S u d h les 1 mac a Bu dhist A a oc 2. oseidon standin . An i P , g t , t p , g t ,

Sun - od s andin — Phi loxen u 5 zes . s 7 1 2 A , 77 g , t g ,

- — Maues Kanerkes 1 29 1 31 1 34 1 75 seidon an d River od. Po g , , _ , , , H rk 41 5 89 ooe es 1 36 1 1 5 1 57 . e . Azoe . 70 g , , , , ,

- - - Sun od an d moon od. Hooerkes g g ,

1 41 .

Sun - god an d another figure — Tele hus 1 1 p , 7 . — lato 20. Quadriga of Helios P , S mbol — Gondo hares 1 05 y p , . — A ndra Quadriga driven by Nike.

oras 1 g , .

— r an d bow S ra o I . 41 . Quive . t t ,

T.

R. heo hilus d h us Hea of. heo il T p , T p ,

1 67 . — Ran abala Head oi . Ran abala 67 . j ,» j , me rius hunderbol in ed. D e T t, w g t , River - god under foot of Poseidon .

1 63. (See Poseidon . ) — rident Deme rius 7 . T t ,

riden and ba le- axe in n — a T t tt o e. K d

S. hises IL 1 26 p , . ' - — h i od lebes. Euth demus IL 8 — p y , ; res H oi Sanabares l 1 3 . Sanaba , ead . , A ollodotu s I . 35 e . 1 67 - p , g , i H oer e 1 49. era s. o k s S p , A ollodotus I 38 e L . S ra o I . Gon do hares p , g ; t t , i two armed. S va, p , 41 Menander 49 D ion sius 04 a hises IL 1 25 Ka , ; y , 1 ; K dp , ; 51 Zoilus 53 Hi ostratus e es 5 H oerkes 5 ; , ; pp , n rk , 1 3 ; o , 1 5 M 60 aues 72 . Bazode 59 , o, 1 .

Triton . i ostratus 60 a two arm wi h bii ll — Kad pp , . iv ed . S , , t che — Mau es 68 70 e . hises 24 2 e Ty . , , g IL 1 1 6 . 1 7 5 p , , g ; ;

B azodeo 1 59 e . , gg

iva four armed — Kan erkes 1 32 S , , , 1 35 Hooerkes 1 47 1 55 1 58 , , , .

— H oerkes 1 38 . Skanda. o ,

Skanda an i akh H d V a. ooerkes Vi akha and Skand — g , a. Hooerkes s , 1 49 . 1 49.

kanda . Vi akha and Mahascn a S s . Vi akha Skan da and M s ahasen a.

Hooerkes 1 50. Hooe kes , r , 1 50. TYPES. 1 83

W . A a hocles 1 0 1 64 An im g t , , ; t a

chus I . 1 64 Archebius 2 , , 3 . War- o — g d. Kan erkes 1 32 Hooer , Zeus s andin : holdin Heca e , t g g t . kes 1 38 1 , , 48. A a hocles 1 0. T g t , “ errier s andin — A rsaces Dikai , t g os, Zeus sea ed — A a hocles 1 0 m n , t g t , A y

l 7 4. tas 61 1 7 1 Hermaeus 2 , , , 6 WheeL — Menan der 5 , 0. e . 1 72 S alirises gg , ; p , 1 01 Win d- od — . Kan g erkes 1 35. , Heliocles 1 66 , . Wrea h and alm — i . A nt alcidas t p , 28 Zeus sea ed wi h hunderbol , t , t T t. An im hu ac s IL 55. t , Maues 0 . , 7 , 1 7 2

Zeus sea ed and ele han — Eu r ~ , t , p t. c a ides 1 9 Antialcidas 25 e t , ; , g. Z . Maues , 70.

Zeus standin — Heliocles 21 s Zeus sea ed : holds Heca e — Pan , g , . ; , t t gg . Maues 68 Aze aloon 1 64 s 7 3 e . 83 . , , gg , t ,

A zes and Azilises 92 Azilises Zeus Head of died — Andra oras l , , , , g , 3 o che 9 S alah res wi h Vonones Ar bius 1 67 . ; p t , ,

la m s i h Zeus Head of laur — io 98 S a ada e Vo . D dotus I . p g w t , , , non es 99 S ali rises 1 00 3 Euth demus 5 , ; p , y I . , .

Gon do hares 1 03 1 06 Abda Zeus Head of hunderin — nt . A ial p , , ; , t g 1 0 r cidas 2 e ases 7 e . So e 1 1 4 1 1 6. 7 . g , g t , , , g

— il H d i — Zeus hunderin D iodotus I . 3 Zo us ea o . Zoilus 52 1 70. , t g , , , , I N D E X 1 1 .

D m e e rius 6 1 63. t , ,

6 Di dotus I . 3 A a hocles 1 0 1 4. o . g t , , ,

D i m des 31 . A athocleia wi h S ra o 43. o e g t t t , ,

m s 61 1 1 Dion sius 51 1 69 . A n ta 7 . y , , y , ,

A ndra oras 1 . g ,

l id 25 1 66. A ntia c as, ,

a sias A n tialcidas n d L y , E ander 51 1 69 hu I 1 2 1 64 , , . A n imac s . . p t , ,

Eucratides 1 3 1 65. A n imachus IL 55. , , t , Eucratides» wi h Heliocles 34 1 67 . A ollodotus I . p , , t dice 1 9 . A ollodotus IL 37 . , p , E uth demus han 54 I . 4. A ollo es . , p p , y h mus Eut de IL 8. rchebius 32 1 67 . A , , y ,

r aces Dikaios 1 7 4. A s ,

‘

A rsaces heos 1 75. T ,

A r emidorus 4 1 70. t , 5 , Gondo har s 1 3 1 3 e 0 74. A rcs . p , , 7 lis s 3 d Azi e 92 1 7 . A zas an , , ‘ i i 2 nd al r ses 1 0 . A zes a Sp ,

Azilisé s 93 1 73. , , Heliocles 21 , , Heliocles and L aodice with

eo Vasu D eva 1 59 Bazod ( ) , .

allio e C p , Hermaeus an d Kad hi ses I . p , llio e Ca and Hermaeus 66. Hi ostratus 5 p , pp , 9.

I N D E X 1 1 1

T I T L E S O F K I N G S .

EEK. A . GR

1 08 ‘ A da ases . AA EA NA EQZ b g ,

S al ris 1 00. AA E/W’OY T O Y BAZ IA EQZ p y ,

O L sias 29 1 66 Ar emidorus 54 1 7 0 Philoxenus A N IKHT Y y , , ; t , , ,

D eme rius 1 63. t , 1 4 O Gondo hares 7 . AYT O KPAT L p ,

O A a hocles 1 0 o er 1 1 4 O S . BAZ IA EY NT X g t , ; t ,

O O Z I EQ N Abda ases 1 07 Arsaces Dikaios BAZ IA EY NT X BA A g , ; ,

1 7 4.

O S alirises 1 00 BAE IA Efl z AA EAO Y p , .

E A I EQ N Gon dO hares 1 04 Kan erkes 1 2 BAZ IA QZ B Z A p , ; , 9 .

BAZ lA Efl Z BAZ IA EQN MErAAOY Maues 68 1 7 2 A zas 3 , , ; , 7 ,

1 73 A zilises 92 Von on es 98 1 7 3 S alirises 1 01 Gon do hares , ; , , p , p ,

1 03 1 7 4 Ortha nes 1 09 Pacores 1 1 0 So er 1 1 4 Kad hises IL , g , ; , t , ; p ,

1

BAz lA Efl Z MErAAOY Eucratides 1 4 1 65 A ollodotus I L 3 , , p , 7

‘ Hi ostratus 59 Azes 90 S alirises 1 02 Gondo hares 1 pp , , p , p , 05 an abares 1 1 3 S , .

A IKA IOY A a hocles 1 0 1 64 Heliocles 2 1 1 66 A rchebius 32 1 6 g t , , ; , ; , , 7 ra o I 41 Men n S . a der 50 Zoilus 52 1 7 0 S al ris 1 00 he t t , , , , ; p y , ; T o hi lus 1 6 Arsaces 4 7 1 7 . p , ,

‘’ O Pla o 20 r 8 E l A N Y S a o I . 4 rl l Z 0 1 6 . t , ; t t , ,

— O Telo lms l 7 l EY EPl ET Y p , . T TL ES r I o KINGS. 1 87

O O O E A athocleia 43. O T P n Y g ,

E u h BOY t demus I . 1 0 An imachus O I . 1 2 1 64 Gon do hares 1 03 y , ; t , , ; p , ; A rsaces , 1 7 5.

' O O Am ntas 6 An iochus of i N IKAT P Z 1 S r a 1 64. y , t y ,

N lKH O PO Antialcidas 25 1 66 Archebius 32 1 6 E an der 51 O Y , , ; , , 7 ; p , , 1 69 An imachus IL 55 t , .

o o O o Heraus 1 1 6 Z AKA K lPAN Y ( K PPA N Y) , .

Zei ni 1 O s s 0. ZAT PA n Y o e , 1

O Diodotus ZSZT HP X , A ollodotus IL 37 S ra o I Menan der D ion p , ; t t , , y sins 51 Zoilus 52 A ollo han es 54 Nicias 58 1 7 1 Hi ostra , ; , ; p p , ; , , , pp

tus 59 Herma us 62 1 2 Ran abala 67 Gon do hares 1 05 Ah , e , , 7 j , p ,

g da ases 1 07 So er 1 1 4 Kad hises IL 1 26 S ra o I L 1 68. , t , ; p , t t ,

s 1 1 6. TY PA NNO YNT O X Herau ,

O Zeion ises 1 1 1 S ra o I L 1 68 . Y I Y , ; t t ,

I 3 O A ollodotus L 7 . ¢ | A0 nAT O P Z p ,

G EEK L E E HI IN R RS. B . SCYT C , TT

hes 1 23. ZAO OY K adap ,

an erkes 1 30 Hooerkes 1 36. KO PA NO K , ,

30 1 75 Hooerkes 1 36. PAO K an erkes, 1 , ,

anerkes 1 30 1 75 Hooerkes 1 36. PAO NANO K , , ; , 23 aeus 1 20 1 7 2 Kada hes 1 . ZY Her m , , ; p ,

Kada hes Kad hises I . I22 O O &c. XO PAN ( K P N, ) p , , p ,

INDIAN I L ES AND WORD S. 0. T T

midor us 54 1 0 Philoxenus adihatasa L sias 29 Ar e , , 7 , Ap , y , t

ra itasa D eme rius 1 63. Apa j , t ,

tihatasa Gon do hares 1 05. Apra , p , ’

ihatachakrasa Ran abala 67 . Aprat , j , 1 88 I NDEX 1 1 1 .

a utrasa Abda ases 1 07 . Bhrad p , g ,

rata S alahores Bh , p ,

a S ra o IL 1 68. Ch , t t ,

asa Ran abala 67 Zeion ises 1 1 0. Chhatrap , j , ,

ahadasa Gondo hares 1 03. D evatratatasa (D ev ) , p ,

dasa Kad hises I . 1 20. Dhramathi , p ,

2 1 67 S ra o I . hramiasa Heliocles 23 Archebius, 3 , , D hramikasa (D ) , , ; t t res 8 1 7 3 Zoilus 52 1 70 A zes 90 S alaho , 9 , 41 Menander, 50 ; , , ; , p s 1 05 heo hilus ala adames 99 S alirises 1 00 Gondo hare , ; p , Sp g , ; p , ; p T

1 67 .

a ame athoéles 1 2. B idaj S , Ag ,

ander 51 1 69 asa An tialcidas 25 1 66 Archebius 32 1 67 E , , J ayadhar , , , ; , , ; p

c u I 5 Am ntas 61 . Antima h s L , 5; y ,

asa Ja atasa Hi ostratus 59 As avarma 91 . Jayarnt ( y ) , pp , ; p ,

i na ara deva a Eucratides 1 9 . Karisye g t , ,

K d e 1 23. Ku ula Ku ula Kad hises I. 1 20 a a h s j ( y ) , p , ; p , 3 1 20 Kada hes 1 2 . han e hana Kad hises I . Kus ( Khus ) , p , p ,

hhatra sa a abala 67 Mahac pa , R ni ,

a asa im after Eucratides. Mahar j , Pass

ah ra abhrat Mahara abhraha S alahores 98 S alirises 1 00. M a j a ( j ) , p , p ,

Mahatasa Mahatakasa Hi ostratus 59 Maues 68 1 7 2 Azes 73 1 02 ( ), pp , ; , , ; , , ,

“ 1 73 ilises 93 1 73 S alirises 1 1 Gondo hares 1 03 Ortha nes Az , , p , 0 p , g , 1 09 Pacores 1 1 0 So er 1 1 4 Eucratides 1 65 Hermaeus 1 72 , t , , ,

Arsaces, 1 74.

ahi varasa Kad ises IL 1 24. M s , ph ,

lanakramas Pa a ele hus 1 7 1 . , T p ,

Pratich asa tra I 40 1 68 S ta . . h , , ,

Putrasa As avarma 91 S ala adames 99 Zeionises 1 1 0 ra o IL 1 68 S . , p , p g , ; , ; t t ,

Ra adira asa Maues 68 1 7 2 Azes 7 7 Azilises 93 Gondo hares 1 03 j j , , , , , ; p , Ortha nes 1 09 Pecoras 1 1 0 So er 1 1 4 Kad hises IL 1 24 Eu g , , ; t , p , ; cra i t des, 1 66.

I N D E X I V

N CRIPTIONS AND L EGE D REMARKABL E I S N S.

O O O Kan erkes 1 30 MEIPO MllPO MlO PO Ka AO P , AO P , , , , Hoo rkes oerkes 1 36 1 53 1 56. n erkas 1 31 1 34 e 1 32 ; Ho , , , , , , 1 38 1 41 1 44 1 55 1 5 7 . AA EEA NA POY T OY MA IN , , , ,

1 0 O Kan erkes noY A a hocles, . NANA , NANAPA , g t , ' 1 31 1 34 Hooerkes 1 44 1 58 ANT IO XOY NIKATO PO Z , ; , , ;

Bazodeo 1 59 . A a hocles 1 64. , g t ,

NANA IA U n cert. kin 1 1 9 Ka O Hooerkes 1 36. g, ; APA EIXP , n erk s 29 e , 1 . H rcodes 1 1 7 . APA HO POY y , O Kan erk 5 AA O es 1 3 . 1 33 , A PA O XPO Kan erkes, 1 30, ; O H AN INA A ooerkes 1 47 . 3 1 54 1 56. , Hooerkes, 1 7 , ,

4 O AYO BOY zA KA MA Kaner ooerkes 1 9 . BIZ A ro H , kes 1 33 O O Kan erkes 1 30 , . BO A A O , B YA , ,

O O O Kan rk 2 1 7 5 . KP K A e es l 3 l 35 , P , , ;

m Hooerkes 1 47 1 55 1 58 Bazo A lO A OT OY ZQT HP0 2 Aga , , , deo 1 5 machus I 1 64 , 9 . hocles 1 0 A n i . . t , t ,

O O Hooerkes 1 38. O N lA ? Hooerkes 1 44 A XP , , .

0 EO A atho O PAA r O K an erk s EYOYA HM Y O Y g N e , 1 3

cles 1 0. , PAO PHO PO Hooerkes 1 48 , .

' HA IO Z Kan erkes 1 29 1 7 5. O l , , PI M . Hooerkes 1 4 , 9 . O PA KAO Hooerkes HPA KlA , H , ZAA N Kan erk H H es 1 2 . , 9

2 APA rIO Hooerkes 1 49 , .

Kanerkes 1 3 . A PO O AZ HO , 0 Z KA NA O KO MA PO Hooerkes , Hooerkes MAAZ HNO , 1 49 .

MAKA POY H rkodes 1 1 7 T AYPO Z U n cert y , . 1 62 , .

' O O Hooerkes 1 3 9. MANA BAI , ¢APPO ¢APO Kan erkes 1 32 , ; Hooerkes 1 50 an erkes 1 1 1 . MAO K , 3 , 33 Hooer ,

kes 1 39 1 54 1 56 , , . QPO N Hooerk 1 , es 53 . , ( 1 9 1 ‘

TA BL E

FOB ONV C ERTING ENGL ISH INCHES INTo MIL L IMETRES

A N D TH E

MEASU RES OF MIONN ' ET S SCAL E .

' MIO NNETS S C A L E ( 1 92 )

T A B L E

OF

THE REL ATIVE WEIGHTS or ENGL ISH GRAINS A ND FRENCH GRAMMES.