Housing Needs of Native Hawaiians–Technical Appendixes

Home , Hawaiian home land

Housing Needs of Native Hawaiians: Technical Appendixes A Report From the Assessment of American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian Housing Needs

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research Visit PD&R’s website huduser.gov to find this report and others sponsored by HUD’s Office of Policy Development and Research (PD&R). Other services of HUD User, PD&R’s research information service, include listservs, special interest reports, bimonthly publications (best practices, significant studies from other sources), access to public use databases, and a hotline (800-245-2691) for help accessing the information you need. Housing Needs of Native Hawaiians: Technical Appendixes A Report From the Assessment of American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian Housing Needs

Prepared for: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research Washington, D.C.

Prepared by: Kristen Corey, Econometrica, Inc. Jennifer Biess, Urban Institute Nancy Pindus, Urban Institute Doray Sitko, Econometrica, Inc.

September 2017

Contents

Appendix A. Census Data ...... 1

A1. American Community Survey ...... 1

A2. Decennial Census...... 2

A3. Census Data Tables...... 4 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands...... 44

B2. Response Rates and Weighting...... 45

B3. Survey Administration Procedures...... 46

B4. Household Survey Data Tables...... 48

B5. Native Hawaiian Household Survey Instrument ...... 69 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection...... 112

C1. Approach...... 112

C2. Interview Guide for Stakeholder Discussions...... 118

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

iii Appendix A. Census Data

the five racial groups defined by the Office Appendix A. Census Data of Management and Budget and also some additional racial and ethnic groups: White alone; Black or African-American alone; The analyses presented in this report relied American Indian or Alaska Native alone; on several different data sources available Asian alone; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific from the U.S. Census Bureau. This appendix Islander alone; some other race alone; two describes each source and examines any or more races; White alone not Hispanic, or limitations related to studying the Native Latino; and Hispanic, or Latino (U.S. Census Hawaiian population. Bureau, 2013). It is important to note that, for A1. American Community Survey this study, the Native Hawaiian population cannot be disaggregated from the broader The American Community Survey (ACS) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander is an ongoing statistical survey run by the group, so the general 5-year estimates could U.S. Census Bureau that replaced the long not be used for this analysis. form of the decennial census beginning in 2005. The ACS has approximately 250,000 The ACS has some limitations relative to monthly respondents, totaling 3 million the long form of the decennial census that respondents per year. ACS publishes annual are important to note. First, because of the estimates for geographies with more than ACS’s smaller sample size compared with 65,000 people for a variety of different the long form of the decennial census, the racial and ethnic groups, including those estimates are also subject to more sampling who identify as Native Hawaiian alone or in error than those from the census long form, combination with one or more other races which particularly impacts the reliability of (also referred to in this report as multiracial). estimates for smaller populations (DeWeaver, Because of the small sample size, however, 2010). Further, multiyear estimates, by the 1-year data do not provide estimates definition, cannot provide a point-in-time for most of the counties in Hawaii or the picture, which can be critical for certain Hawaiian home lands, so these data can analyses. For example, overcrowding in be used to examine the Native Hawaiian households may have been affected by the population only at the state level and to housing finance crisis that occurred during examine Honolulu County. Because the the period between 2006 and 2010; these analysis plan included analysis at the county multiyear estimates may not accurately level, only the 2008 and 2011 1-year estimates portray true conditions at any point during were used to examine the impacts of the this period. Although the U.S. Census Bureau recession on Native Hawaiians living in also produces 1-year estimates, they are not Hawaii at the state level. available for geographies with fewer than 65,000 people, so point-in-time estimates To overcome the sample size limitation, for smaller geographies are not available. the U.S. Census Bureau averages 5 years of surveys to produce estimates for the American Community Survey: smallest geographies, but these tabulations Selected Population Tables do not include data separately for the Native Hawaiian population. The standard ACS To provide information on a broader range 5-year tabulations provide estimates of of racial, ethnic, tribal, and ancestral groups demographic, social, economic, and housing at smaller geographic levels, the U.S. characteristics for the total population and Census Bureau provides the ACS selected estimates of many of these characteristics for population tables. The selected population

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

1 Appendix A. Census Data tables include estimates for any group with basic characteristics, such as age, sex, and at least 7,000 people in the United States race. Through 2000, the long form was (392 different groups in total). Estimates sent to one out of every six households and for those groups are published for any collected more detailed information, such geography at the census tract level and as income, housing characteristics, and larger where that group has at least 50 employment. After 2000, the long form of members during a data collection period. the census was replaced with the ACS. The The U.S. Census Bureau provides the research team analyzed short- and long- selected population tables using the 5-year form data from 2000 to estimate population data, and the most recent product at the growth and social, economic, and housing time of writing was for the 2006-to-2010 conditions and used short-form data from period. 2010 (the only data collected in the 2010 census) to analyze population growth and The ACS selected population tables provide household characteristics. data for the Native Hawaiian population in four of Hawaii’s five counties and at the Data for the Hawaiian home lands were state level; they also provide data for the available for all the indicators of interest for total population living on the Hawaiian home only 20 of the 75 Hawaiian home land areas lands. The selected population tables do not identified by the 2010 decennial census. provide data for Kalawao County, because These 20 home lands, however, account its population is too small. They also do not for nearly 90 percent of the population provide estimates for Hawaiian home lands living in all the home lands, so the 20 home that do not meet the population threshold; lands in this study’s analysis do capture however, they do contain data for the 20 the overwhelming majority of home lands most populous home lands defined in the residents (exhibit A2.1). 2010 census, which account for about 90 percent of the total home lands population. Although the decennial census is nominally The ACS selected population tables are a 100 percent count of the population, it subject to the same limitations as the ACS does undercount hard-to-reach populations. general estimates noted previously. Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders tend to be undercounted in the decennial The analysis of the social, economic, census, but they are not undercounted and housing conditions for the 2006-to- by a significant amount. The undercount 2010 period for both Native Hawaiians in for Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Hawaii and the total population on the Islanders was 1.3 percent in 2010. This was Hawaiian home lands uses the ACS selected not a statistically significant undercount, population tables. nor was it statistically different from the 2000 undercount (2.1 percent) (U.S. Census A2. Decennial Census Bureau, 2012). Because the undercount was not statistically significant, the estimates in Every 10 years, the U.S. Census Bureau this report do not attempt to account for the conducts a national household survey. The undercount. federal government uses decennial census data for apportioning congressional seats, identifying distressed areas, and conducting many other activities. Short-form information is collected on every person and includes

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

2 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A2.1. List of Hawaiian Home Lands Included in the Analysis

Home Land Name 2010 Population Leialii Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 328 Kawaihae Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 407 Kekaha Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 483 Waianae Kai Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 609 Kealakehe Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 759 Paukukalo Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 818 Puukapu Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 898 Waiohuli (residential) Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 904 Panaewa (residential) Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 1,091 Princess Kahanu Estates Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 1,128 Maluohai Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 1,178 Papakolea Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 1,215 Hoolehua-Palaau Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 1,292 Waiehu Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 1,330 Kaupea Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 1,387 Anahola (residential) Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 1,566 Keaukaha Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 1,584 Waianae Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 2,201 Waimanalo Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 3,048 Nanakuli Hawaiian Home Land, Hawaii 5,370 Total population in analysis home lands 27,596 Total population in all home lands 30,858 Percent of home land population captured in analysis home lands 89.4

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2010

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

3 Appendix A. Census Data

A3. Census Data Tables

Exhibit A3.1. Population of Hawaii, 1900 to 2030

Exhibit A3.2. Native Hawaiian Population in Hawaii, 1900 to 2000

Exhibit A3.3. Land Area and Population Density, Hawaii, 2010

Exhibit A3.4. Population by Race and Ethnicity, Hawaii, 2010

Exhibit A3.5. Population by Race and Ethnicity, Hawaii, 2000

Exhibit A3.6. Population Mobility by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Exhibit A3.7. Native Hawaiian Population by Area, 2010

Exhibit A3.8. Native Hawaiian Population by Area, 2000

Exhibit A3.9. Population by Age, Gender, and Race, Hawaii, 2010

Exhibit A3.10. Population by Age, Gender, and Race, Hawaii, 2000

Exhibit A3.11. Average Household Size by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Exhibit A3.12. Average Household Size by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Exhibit A3.13. Household Size by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Exhibit A3.14. Household Type by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Exhibit A3.15. Household Type by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Exhibit A3.16. Educational Attainment by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Exhibit A3.17. Educational Attainment by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Exhibit A3.18. Employment by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Exhibit A3.19. Employment by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Exhibit A3.20. Income by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Exhibit A3.21. Income by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Exhibit A3.22. Poverty by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Exhibit A3.23. Poverty by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Exhibit A3.24. Economic Indicators by Race, Hawaii, 2011

Exhibit A3.25. Economic Indicators by Race, Hawaii, 2008

Exhibit A3.26. Number of Persons in Population Per Housing Unit, 2010

Exhibit A3.27. Number of Persons in Population Per Housing Unit, 2000

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

4 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.28. Homeownership by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Exhibit A3.29. Homeownership by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Exhibit A3.30. Housing Structure Type by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Exhibit A3.31. Housing Structure Type by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Exhibit A3.32. Housing Age and Size by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Exhibit A3.33. Housing Age and Size by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Exhibit A3.34. Housing Costs by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Exhibit A3.35. Housing Costs by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Exhibit A3.36. Facility and Crowding Indicators by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Exhibit A3.37. Facility and Crowding Indicators by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Exhibit A3.38. Population by Race and Ethnicity, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Exhibit A3.39. Population by Age, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Exhibit A3.40. Average Household Size, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Exhibit A3.41. Households by Household Type, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Exhibit A3.42. Family Households by Size, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Exhibit A3.43. Educational Attainment for the Population Age 25 and Older, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Exhibit A3.44. Employment Indicators for the Population Age 16 and Older, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Exhibit A3.45. Household Income Characteristics, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Exhibit A3.46. Median Household Income, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Exhibit A3.47. Poverty Rates by Age, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Exhibit A3.48. Housing Market Indicators, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Exhibit A3.49. Household Tenure, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Exhibit A3.50. Housing Structure Type, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Exhibit A3.51. Housing Age and Size, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Exhibit A3.52. Home Values, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Exhibit A3.53. Facility and Crowding Indicators, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Exhibit A3.54. Population Mobility, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

5 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.1. Population of Hawaii, 1900 to 2030

Hawaii N Percent Change 1900 154,001 1910 191,874 24.6 1920 255,881 33.4 1930 368,300 43.9 1940 422,770 14.8 1950 499,794 18.2 1960 632,772 26.6 1970 768,561 21.5 1980 964,691 25.5 1990 1,108,229 14.9 2000 1,211,537 9.3 2010 1,360,301 12.3 2020* 1,412,373 3.8 2030* 1,466,046 3.8

*Projections of the population and components of change for the United States: 2015 to 2060 (NP2012-T1). Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division; release date: December 2012; Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: Census 2000 Summary File 2; Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: Census 2010 Summary File 2

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

6 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.2. Native Hawaiian Population in Hawaii, 1900 to 2000

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Part Native Hawaiian 7,857 12,506 18,027 28,224 49,935 73,845 91,109 Full Native Hawaiian 29,799 26,041 23,723 22,636 14,375 12,245 11,294 Total Native Hawaiian 37,656 38,547 41,750 50,860 64,310 86,090 102,403 71,274 115,500 138,742 239,655 154,001 191,874 255,881 368,300 422,770 499,794 632,772 768,561 964,691 1,108,229 1,211,537 Percent of total Hawaii population 24.5 20.1 16.3 13.8 15.2 17.2 16.2 9.3 12.0 12.5 19.8 Percent change 2.4 8.3 21.8 26.4 33.9 18.9 – 30.4 62.1 20.1 72.7

Note: The terms “full” and “part” Hawaiian reflect racial categories used in the census before 1970. Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2000; Mikelsons et al. (1995).

Exhibit A3.3. Land Area and Population Density, Hawaii, 2010

Population Percent of Hawaii Population Land Area (sq. mi.) Population Density (per sq. mi.) Percent of Hawaii Land Area Hawaii 1,360,301 6,422.6 211.8 Hawaii County 185,079 13.6 4,028.4 45.9 62.7 Honolulu County 953,207 70.1 600.7 1586.7 9.4 Kauai County 67,091 4.9 620.0 108.2 9.7 Maui County 154,834 11.4 1,161.5 133.3 18.1 Kalawao County 90 0.0 12.0 7.5 0.2

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, State and County QuickFacts, https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

7 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.4. Population by Race and Ethnicity, Hawaii, 2010

Hawaii Hawaii County Honolulu County Kauai County Maui County N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. Total population 1,360,301 185,079 953,207 67,091 154,834 Race One Race 1,039,672 76.4 130,544 70.5 740,171 77.7 50,375 75.1 118,506 76.5 Native Hawaiian 80,337 5.9 15,812 8.5 47,951 5.0 5,097 7.6 11,440 7.4 alone AIAN alone 4,164 0.3 869 0.5 2,438 0.3 254 0.4 603 0.4 White alone 336,599 24.7 62,348 33.7 198,732 20.8 22,159 33.0 53,336 34.4 Black alone 21,424 1.6 1,020 0.6 19,256 2.0 278 0.4 870 0.6 Asian alone 525,078 38.6 41,050 22.2 418,410 43.9 21,016 31.3 44,595 28.8 Other Pacific 55,085 4.0 6,577 3.6 42,927 4.5 963 1.4 4,611 3.0 Islander alone Other race alone 16,985 1.2 2,868 1.5 10,457 1.1 608 0.9 3,051 2.0 Two or more races 320,629 23.6 54,535 29.5 213,036 22.3 16,716 24.9 36,328 23.5 Native Hawaiian in 209,633 15.4 39,107 21.1 134,169 14.1 11,030 16.4 25,318 16.4 combination Ethnicity Hispanic 120,842 8.9 21,383 11.6 77,433 8.1 6,315 9.4 15,710 10.1 Not Hispanic 1,239,459 91.1 163,696 88.4 875,774 91.9 60,776 90.6 139,124 89.9

AIAN = American Indian and Alaska Native. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2010

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

8 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.5. Population by Race and Ethnicity, Hawaii, 2000

Hawaii Hawaii County Honolulu County Kauai County Maui County N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. Total population 1,211,537 148,677 876,156 58,463 128,094 Race One race 952,194 78.6 106,389 71.6 701,532 80.1 44,525 76.2 99,610 77.8 Native Hawaiian 80,137 6.6 14,461 9.7 49,267 5.6 4,935 8.4 11,410 8.9 alone AIAN alone 3,535 0.3 666 0.4 2,178 0.2 212 0.4 479 0.4 White alone 294,102 24.3 46,904 31.5 186,484 21.3 17,255 29.5 43,421 33.9 Black alone 22,003 1.8 698 0.5 20,619 2.4 177 0.3 509 0.4 Asian alone 503,868 41.6 39,702 26.7 403,371 46.0 21,042 36.0 39,728 31.0 Other Pacific 33,402 2.8 2,263 1.5 28,413 3.2 399 0.7 2,320 1.8 Islander alone Other race alone 15,147 1.3 1,695 1.1 11,200 1.3 505 0.9 1,743 1.4 Two or more races 259,343 21.4 42,288 28.4 174,624 19.9 13,938 23.8 28,484 22.2 Native Hawaiian in 159,518 13.2 28,549 19.2 103,850 11.9 8,576 14.7 18,542 14.5 combination Ethnicity Hispanic 87,699 7.2 14,111 9.5 58,729 6.7 4,803 8.2 10,050 7.8 Not Hispanic 1,123,838 92.8 134,566 90.5 817,427 93.3 53,660 91.8 118,044 92.2

AIAN = American Indian and Alaska Native. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2000

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

9 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.6. Population Mobility by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Living in the same Population 1 year Living in a different Living in same Living outside same Occupied housing Moved into current place as the year and older place 1 year ago county county/ state/U.S. units home before 2000 before

Total N 1,316,752 1,114,163 202,589 123,345 140,699 442,267 198,208 Population Pct. 84.6 15.4 9.4 10.7 44.8 Native N 267,560 230,364 37,196 31,314 11,077 65,680 31,168

Hawaii Hawaiian Pct. 86.1 13.9 11.7 4.1 47.5 Non-Native N 1,049,192 883,799 165,393 92,031 129,622 376,587 167,040 Hawaiian Pct. 84.2 15.8 8.8 12.4 44.4 Total N 178,458 153,540 24,918 16,270 16,229 64,382 29,665 Population Pct. 86.0 14.0 9.1 9.1 46.1 Native N 48,970 42,061 6,909 5,865 2,026 12,714 5,777 Hawaiian Pct. 85.9 14.1 12.0 4.1 45.4 Hawaii County Non-Native N 129,488 111,479 18,009 10,405 14,203 51,668 23,888 Hawaiian Pct. 86.1 13.9 8.0 11.0 46.2 Total N 925,004 782,075 142,929 83,496 103,547 304,827 136,178 Population Pct. 84.5 15.5 9.0 11.2 44.7 Native N 167,163 144,465 22,698 19,062 6,666 40,645 19,413 Hawaiian Pct. 86.4 13.6 11.4 4.0 47.8 Honolulu County Honolulu Non-Native N 757,841 637,610 120,231 64,434 96,881 264,182 116,765 Hawaiian Pct. 84.1 15.9 8.5 12.8 44.2 Total N 64,620 55,711 8,909 5,951 5,546 21,710 11,252 Population Pct. 86.2 13.8 9.2 8.6 51.8 Native N 13,691 11,947 1,744 1,287 909 3,179 1,683 Hawaiian Pct. 87.3 12.7 9.4 6.6 52.9 Kauai County Non-Native N 50,929 43,764 7,165 4,664 4,637 18,531 9,569 Hawaiian Pct. 85.9 14.1 9.2 9.1 51.6 Total N 148,596 122,767 25,829 17,628 15,369 51,281 21,086 Population Pct. 82.6 17.4 11.9 10.3 41.1 Native N 37,718 31,873 5,845 5,100 1,476 9,124 4,295 Hawaiian Pct. 84.5 15.5 13.5 3.9 47.1 Maui CountyMaui Non-Native N 110,878 90,894 19,984 12,528 13,893 42,157 16,791 Hawaiian Pct. 82.0 18.0 11.3 12.5 39.8

U.S. = United States. Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination with other races Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

10 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.7. Native Hawaiian Population by Area, 2010

Native Hawaiian Population Total Population Total Alone Multiracial Hawaii 1,360,301 289,970 80,337 209,633 Hawaii County 185,079 54,919 15,812 39,107 Honolulu County 953,207 182,120 47,951 134,169 Kauai County 67,091 16,127 5,097 11,030 Maui County 154,834 36,758 11,440 25,318 Kalawao County* 90 46 37 9

*The Census Bureau does not report population counts for Kalawao County because its reporting standards for Summary File 2 require a group to have a minimum population of 100. Because Kalawao County is the only other county in Hawaii, however, its population can be calculated by subtracting the other counties’ populations from the state of Hawaii’s population. Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination with other races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2010

Exhibit A3.8. Native Hawaiian Population by Area, 2000

Native Hawaiian Population Total Population Total Alone Multiracial Hawaii 1,211,537 239,655 80,137 159,518 Hawaii County 148,677 43,010 14,461 28,549 Honolulu County 876,156 153,117 49,267 103,850 Kauai County 58,463 13,511 4,935 8,576 Maui County 128,094 29,952 11,410 18,542 Kalawao County* 147 65 64 1

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

11 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.9. Population by Age, Gender, and Race, Hawaii, 2010

Hawaii Hawaii County Honolulu County Kauai County Maui County Total Native Non-Native Total Native Non-Native Total Native Non-Native Total Native Non-Native Total Native Non-Native Population Hawaiian Hawaiian Population Hawaiian Hawaiian Population Hawaiian Hawaiian Population Hawaiian Hawaiian Population Hawaiian Hawaiian N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. Total population 1,360,301 100.0 289,970 100.0 1,070,331 100.0 185,079 100.0 54,919 100.0 130,160 100.0 953,207 100.0 182,120 100.0 771,087 100.0 67,091 100.0 16,127 100.0 50,964 100.0 154,834 100.0 36,758 100.0 118,076 100.0 Population by age group—detailed Less than 5 years 87,407 6.4 30,727 10.6 56,680 5.3 11,845 6.4 6,135 11.2 5,710 4.4 61,261 6.4 18,714 10.3 42,547 5.5 4,281 6.4 1,852 11.5 2,429 4.8 10,020 6.5 4,026 11.0 5,994 5.1 5 to 9 years 83,361 6.1 28,829 9.9 54,532 5.1 11,478 6.2 5,693 10.4 5,785 4.4 57,818 6.1 17,656 9.7 40,162 5.2 4,179 6.2 1,707 10.6 2,472 4.9 9,886 6.4 3,773 10.3 6,113 5.2 10 to 14 years 81,539 6.0 26,801 9.2 54,738 5.1 11,521 6.2 5,236 9.5 6,285 4.8 56,147 5.9 16,434 9.0 39,713 5.2 4,055 6.0 1,467 9.1 2,588 5.1 9,816 6.3 3,664 10.0 6,152 5.2 15 to 19 years 85,994 6.3 27,233 9.4 58,761 5.5 12,089 6.5 5,177 9.4 6,912 5.3 60,344 6.3 17,136 9.4 43,208 5.6 4,146 6.2 1,548 9.6 2,598 5.1 9,415 6.1 3,372 9.2 6,043 5.1 20 to 24 years 95,829 7.0 22,450 7.7 73,379 6.9 10,833 5.9 4,274 7.8 6,559 5.0 73,203 7.7 14,277 7.8 58,926 7.6 3,472 5.2 1,197 7.4 2,275 4.5 8,318 5.4 2,700 7.3 5,618 4.8 25 to 34 years 185,333 13.6 40,520 14.0 144,813 13.5 22,225 12.0 7,715 14.0 14,510 11.1 134,446 14.1 25,418 14.0 109,028 14.1 8,141 12.1 2,288 14.2 5,853 11.5 20,511 13.2 5,092 13.9 15,419 13.1 35 to 44 years 176,373 13.0 34,410 11.9 141,963 13.3 21,382 11.6 6,057 11.0 15,325 11.8 125,296 13.1 22,017 12.1 103,279 13.4 8,372 12.5 1,857 11.5 6,515 12.8 21,309 13.8 4,473 12.2 16,836 14.3 45 to 54 years 193,765 14.2 34,029 11.7 159,736 14.9 27,523 14.9 6,371 11.6 21,152 16.3 131,724 13.8 21,443 11.8 110,281 14.3 10,239 15.3 1,857 11.5 8,382 16.4 24,262 15.7 4,351 11.8 19,911 16.9 55 to 59 years 93,340 6.9 13,484 4.7 79,856 7.5 15,807 8.5 2,734 5.0 13,073 10.0 60,387 6.3 8,467 4.6 51,920 6.7 5,483 8.2 763 4.7 4,720 9.3 11,646 7.5 1,512 4.1 10,134 8.6 60 to 64 years 82,222 6.0 10,368 3.6 71,854 6.7 13,542 7.3 1,920 3.5 11,622 8.9 54,091 5.7 6,635 3.6 47,456 6.2 4,738 7.1 543 3.4 4,195 8.2 9,848 6.4 1,269 3.5 8,579 7.3 65 to 74 years 100,523 7.4 13,116 4.5 87,407 8.2 15,008 8.1 2,311 4.2 12,697 9.8 68,927 7.2 8,456 4.6 60,471 7.8 5,347 8.0 682 4.2 4,665 9.2 11,234 7.3 1,664 4.5 9,570 8.1 75 to 84 years 64,377 4.7 6,239 2.2 58,138 5.4 8,223 4.4 1,057 1.9 7,166 5.5 47,203 5.0 4,186 2.3 43,017 5.6 3,022 4.5 291 1.8 2,731 5.4 5,911 3.8 693 1.9 5,218 4.4 85 years and older 30,238 2.2 1,764 0.6 28,474 2.7 3,603 1.9 239 0.4 3,364 2.6 22,360 2.3 1,281 0.7 21,079 2.7 1,616 2.4 75 0.5 1,541 3.0 2,658 1.7 169 0.5 2,489 2.1 Population by age group—general Less than 20 years 338,301 24.9 113,590 39.2 224,711 21.0 46,933 25.4 22,241 40.5 24,692 19.0 235,570 24.7 69,940 38.4 165,630 21.5 16,661 24.8 6,574 40.8 10,087 19.8 39,137 25.3 14,835 40.4 24,302 20.6 20 to 44 years 457,535 33.6 97,380 33.6 360,155 33.6 54,440 29.4 18,046 32.9 36,394 28.0 332,945 34.9 61,712 33.9 271,233 35.2 19,985 29.8 5,342 33.1 14,643 28.7 50,138 32.4 12,265 33.4 37,873 32.1 45 to 64 years 369,327 27.2 57,881 20.0 311,446 29.1 56,872 30.7 11,025 20.1 45,847 35.2 246,202 25.8 36,545 20.1 209,657 27.2 20,460 30.5 3,163 19.6 17,297 33.9 45,756 29.6 7,132 19.4 38,624 32.7 65 years and older 195,138 14.3 21,119 7.3 174,019 16.3 26,834 14.5 3,607 6.6 23,227 17.8 138,490 14.5 13,923 7.6 124,567 16.2 9,985 14.9 1,048 6.5 8,937 17.5 19,803 12.8 2,526 6.9 17,277 14.6 Median age (years) 38.6 27.1 40.9 26.2 37.8 27.5 41.3 26.2 39.6 26.6 Population by gender Male 681,243 50.1 145,849 50.3 535,394 50.0 92,821 50.2 27,482 50.0 65,339 50.2 477,092 50.1 91,634 50.3 385,458 50.0 33,701 50.2 8,291 51.4 25,410 49.9 77,587 50.1 18,421 50.1 59,166 50.1 Female 679,058 49.9 144,121 49.7 534,937 50.0 92,258 49.8 27,437 50.0 64,821 49.8 476,115 49.9 90,486 49.7 385,629 50.0 33,390 49.8 7,836 48.6 25,554 50.1 77,247 49.9 18,337 49.9 58,910 49.9

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination with other races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2010

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

12 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.10. Population by Age, Gender, and Race, Hawaii, 2000

Hawaii Hawaii County Honolulu County Kauai County Maui County Total Native Non-Native Total Native Non-Native Total Native Non-Native Total Native Non-Native Total Native Non-Native Population Hawaiian Hawaiian Population Hawaiian Hawaiian Population Hawaiian Hawaiian Population Hawaiian Hawaiian Population Hawaiian Hawaiian N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. Total population 1,211,537 100.0 239,655 100.0 971,882 100.0 148,677 100.0 43,010 100.0 105,667 100.0 876,156 100.0 153,117 100.0 723,039 100.0 58,463 100.0 13,511 100.0 44,952 100.0 128,094 100.0 29,952 100.0 98,142 100.0 Population by age group—detailed Less than 5 years 78,163 6.5 24,677 10.3 53,486 5.5 9,130 6.1 4,572 10.6 4,558 4.3 56,849 6.5 15,358 10.0 41,491 5.7 3,605 6.2 1,432 10.6 2,173 4.8 8,579 6.7 3,315 11.1 5,264 5.4 5 to 9 years 84,980 7.0 26,675 11.1 58,305 6.0 11,033 7.4 5,014 11.7 6,019 5.7 60,425 6.9 16,636 10.9 43,789 6.1 4,443 7.6 1,702 12.6 2,741 6.1 9,079 7.1 3,323 11.1 5,756 5.9 10 to 14 years 83,106 6.9 25,660 10.7 57,446 5.9 11,568 7.8 4,967 11.5 6,601 6.2 57,574 6.6 15,720 10.3 41,854 5.8 4,625 7.9 1,635 12.1 2,990 6.7 9,336 7.3 3,338 11.1 5,998 6.1 15 to 19 years 81,002 6.7 23,694 9.9 57,308 5.9 11,089 7.5 4,587 10.7 6,502 6.2 57,176 6.5 14,715 9.6 42,461 5.9 4,079 7.0 1,401 10.4 2,678 6.0 8,658 6.8 2,991 10.0 5,667 5.8 20 to 24 years 83,409 6.9 18,011 7.5 65,398 6.7 8,232 5.5 3,206 7.5 5,026 4.8 65,376 7.5 11,805 7.7 53,571 7.4 2,829 4.8 937 6.9 1,892 4.2 6,970 5.4 2,063 6.9 4,907 5.0 25 to 34 years 171,159 14.1 32,966 13.8 138,193 14.2 16,050 10.8 5,411 12.6 10,639 10.1 130,624 14.9 21,569 14.1 109,055 15.1 6,753 11.6 1,740 12.9 5,013 11.2 17,723 13.8 4,240 14.2 13,483 13.7 35 to 44 years 191,177 15.8 33,354 13.9 157,823 16.2 22,838 15.4 5,856 13.6 16,982 16.1 137,278 15.7 21,384 14.0 115,894 16.0 9,152 15.7 1,869 13.8 7,283 16.2 21,891 17.1 4,238 14.1 17,653 18.0 45 to 54 years 170,979 14.1 24,810 10.4 146,169 15.0 24,452 16.4 4,486 10.4 19,966 18.9 117,239 13.4 16,006 10.5 101,233 14.0 9,434 16.1 1,338 9.9 8,096 18.0 19,823 15.5 2,968 9.9 16,855 17.2 55 to 59 years 60,561 5.0 8,814 3.7 51,747 5.3 8,163 5.5 1,514 3.5 6,649 6.3 42,705 4.9 5,765 3.8 36,940 5.1 3,075 5.3 449 3.3 2,626 5.8 6,599 5.2 1,080 3.6 5,519 5.6 60 to 64 years 46,400 3.8 6,363 2.7 40,037 4.1 6,003 4.0 1,038 2.4 4,965 4.7 33,173 3.8 4,179 2.7 28,994 4.0 2,399 4.1 332 2.5 2,067 4.6 4,807 3.8 805 2.7 4,002 4.1 65 to 74 years 85,262 7.0 9,227 3.9 76,035 7.8 10,923 7.3 1,570 3.7 9,353 8.9 62,474 7.1 6,191 4.0 56,283 7.8 4,115 7.0 438 3.2 3,677 8.2 7,715 6.0 1,006 3.4 6,709 6.8 75 to 84 years 57,775 4.8 4,302 1.8 53,473 5.5 7,064 4.8 641 1.5 6,423 6.1 42,504 4.9 3,025 2.0 39,479 5.5 2,923 5.0 187 1.4 2,736 6.1 5,272 4.1 446 1.5 4,826 4.9 85 years and older 17,564 1.4 1,102 0.5 16,462 1.7 2,132 1.4 148 0.3 1,984 1.9 12,759 1.5 764 0.5 11,995 1.7 1,031 1.8 51 0.4 980 2.2 1,642 1.3 139 0.5 1,503 1.5 Population by age group—general Less than 20 years 327,251 27.0 100,706 42.0 226,545 23.3 42,820 28.8 19,140 44.5 23,680 22.4 232,024 26.5 62,429 40.8 169,595 23.5 16,752 28.7 6,170 45.7 10,582 23.5 35,652 27.8 12,967 43.3 22,685 23.1 20 to 44 years 445,745 36.8 84,331 35.2 361,414 37.2 47,120 31.7 14,473 33.7 32,647 30.9 333,278 38.0 54,758 35.8 278,520 38.5 18,734 32.0 4,546 33.6 14,188 31.6 46,584 36.4 10,541 35.2 36,043 36.7 45 to 64 years 277,940 22.9 39,987 16.7 237,953 24.5 38,618 26.0 7,038 16.4 31,580 29.9 193,117 22.0 25,950 16.9 167,167 23.1 14,908 25.5 2,119 15.7 12,789 28.5 31,229 24.4 4,853 16.2 26,376 26.9 65 years and older 160,601 13.3 14,631 6.1 145,970 15.0 20,119 13.5 2,359 5.5 17,760 16.8 117,737 13.4 9,980 6.5 107,757 14.9 8,069 13.8 676 5.0 7,393 16.4 14,629 11.4 1,591 5.3 13,038 13.3 Median age (years) 36.2 25.3 38.6 23.6 35.7 26.1 38.4 22.8 36.8 24.9 Population by gender Male 608,671 50.2 120,119 50.1 488,552 50.3 74,499 50.1 21,601 50.2 52,898 50.1 440,518 50.3 76,654 50.1 363,864 50.3 29,252 50.0 6,877 50.9 22,375 49.8 64,329 50.2 14,950 49.9 49,379 50.3 Female 602,866 49.8 119,536 49.9 483,330 49.7 74,178 49.9 21,409 49.8 52,769 49.9 435,638 49.7 76,463 49.9 359,175 49.7 29,211 50.0 6,634 49.1 22,577 50.2 63,765 49.8 15,002 50.1 48,763 49.7

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination with other races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2000

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

13 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.11. Average Household Size by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Total Population in Households Total Households Average Household Size

Total Population 1,317,421 455,338 2.89

Native Hawaiian 283,041 69,330 4.08 Hawaii

Non-Native Hawaiian 1,034,380 386,008 2.68

Total Population 181,435 67,096 2.70

Native Hawaiian 54,266 13,957 3.89

Hawaii County Non-Native Hawaiian 127,169 53,139 2.39

Total Population 917,907 311,047 2.95

Native Hawaiian 176,745 42,261 4.18

Honolulu County Honolulu Non-Native Hawaiian 741,162 268,786 2.76

Total Population 65,930 23,240 2.84

Native Hawaiian 15,900 3,856 4.12 Kauai County Non-Native Hawaiian 50,030 19,384 2.58

Total Population 152,062 53,886 2.82

Native Hawaiian 36,086 9,221 3.91 Maui CountyMaui Non-Native Hawaiian 115,976 44,665 2.60

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination with other races. Average household size was calculated by dividing total population in households by the number of households Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2010

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

14 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.12. Average Household Size by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Total Population in Households Total Households Average Household Size

Total Population 1,175,755 403,240 2.92

Native Hawaiian 235,678 58,809 4.01 Hawaii

Non-Native Hawaiian 940,077 344,431 2.73

Total Population 145,873 52,985 2.75

Native Hawaiian 42,470 10,923 3.89

Hawaii County Non-Native Hawaiian 103,403 42,062 2.46

Total Population 845,211 286,450 2.95

Native Hawaiian 150,083 37,165 4.04

Honolulu County Honolulu Non-Native Hawaiian 695,128 249,285 2.79

Total Population 57,831 20,183 2.87

Native Hawaiian 13,391 3,254 4.12 Kauai County Non-Native Hawaiian 44,440 16,929 2.63

Total Population 126,693 43,507 2.91

Native Hawaiian 29,669 7,411 4.00 Maui CountyMaui Non-Native Hawaiian 97,024 36,096 2.69

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

15 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.13. Household Size by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Hawaii Hawaii County Honolulu County Kauai County Maui County

Total Non-Native Total Non-Native Non-Native Non-Native Non-Native Native Hawaiian Hawaiian Native Hawaiian Hawaiian Total Native Hawaiian Hawaiian Total Native Hawaiian Hawaiian Total Native Hawaiian Hawaiian

N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. Total households 403,240 58,809 344,431 52,985 10,923 42,062 286,450 37,165 249,285 20,183 3,254 16,929 43,507 7,411 36,096 Small (one to four 339,661 84.2 43,871 74.6 295,790 85.9 45,596 86.1 8,312 76.1 37,284 88.6 240,336 83.9 27,632 74.3 212,704 85.3 17,063 84.5 2,439 75.0 14,624 86.4 36,553 84.0 5,432 73.3 31,121 86.2 people) Large (five or more 63,579 15.8 14,938 25.4 48,641 14.1 7,389 13.9 2,611 23.9 4,778 11.4 46,114 16.1 9,533 25.7 36,581 14.7 3,120 15.5 815 25.0 2,305 13.6 6,954 16.0 1,979 26.7 4,975 13.8 people)

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination with other races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2000

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

16 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.14. Household Type by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination with other races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2010

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

17 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.15. Household Type by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination with other races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2000

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

18 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.16. Educational Attainment by Race, Hawaii, 2010

GED = general educational development. Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination with other races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2010

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

19 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.17. Educational Attainment by Race, Hawaii, 2000

GED = general educational development. Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination with other races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2000

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

20 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.18. Employment by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Hawaii Hawaii County Honolulu County Kauai County Maui County

Total Native Non-Native Total Native Non-Native Native Non-Native Native Non-Native Native Non-Native Hawaiian Hawaiian Hawaiian Hawaiian Total Hawaiian Hawaiian Total Hawaiian Hawaiian Total Hawaiian Hawaiian

N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. Total population age 1,068,287 100.0 186,492 100.0 881,795 100.0 143,857 100.0 33,936 100.0 109,921 100.0 752,343 100.0 117,124 100.0 635,219 100.0 52,406 100.0 9,314 100.0 43,092 100.0 119,607 100.0 26,100 100.0 93,507 100.0 16 years and older In labor force 714,067 66.8 128,086 68.7 585,981 66.5 93,190 64.8 23,827 70.2 69,363 63.1 501,779 66.7 78,954 67.4 422,825 66.6 35,100 67.0 6,573 70.6 28,527 66.2 83,934 70.2 18,714 71.7 65,220 69.7 In civilian labor 674,469 63.1 126,932 68.1 547,537 62.1 92,979 64.6 23,772 70.0 69,207 63.0 462,843 61.5 77,929 66.5 384,914 60.6 34,910 66.6 6,557 70.4 28,353 65.8 83,677 70.0 18,656 71.5 65,021 69.5 force Employed 636,454 59.6 115,405 61.9 521,049 59.1 85,780 59.6 21,118 62.2 64,662 58.8 439,691 58.4 71,867 61.4 367,824 57.9 32,933 62.8 5,929 63.7 27,004 62.7 77,990 65.2 16,473 63.1 61,517 65.8 Unemployed 38,015 5.6 11,527 9.1 26,488 4.8 7,199 7.7 2,654 11.2 4,545 6.6 23,152 5.0 6,062 7.8 17,090 4.4 1,977 5.7 628 9.6 1,349 4.8 5,687 6.8 2,183 11.7 3,504 5.4 Armed Forces 39,598 3.7 1,154 0.6 38,444 4.4 211 0.1 55 0.2 156 0.1 38,936 5.2 1,025 0.9 37,911 6.0 190 0.4 16 0.2 174 0.4 257 0.2 58 0.2 199 0.2 Females age 16 years 537,019 100.0 94,908 100.0 442,111 100.0 72,414 100.0 17,551 100.0 54,863 100.0 378,200 100.0 59,278 100.0 318,922 100.0 26,400 100.0 4,865 100.0 21,535 100.0 59,972 100.0 13,201 100.0 46,771 100.0 and older In labor force 329,124 61.3 62,229 65.6 266,895 60.4 44,579 61.6 12,248 69.8 32,331 58.9 228,765 60.5 37,707 63.6 191,058 59.9 16,649 63.1 3,291 67.6 13,358 62.0 39,102 65.2 8,970 67.9 30,132 64.4 In civilian labor 323,619 60.3 61,951 65.3 261,668 59.2 44,546 61.5 12,248 69.8 32,298 58.9 223,332 59.1 37,429 63.1 185,903 58.3 16,642 63.0 3,291 67.6 13,351 62.0 39,070 65.1 8,970 67.9 30,100 64.4 force Employed 308,120 57.4 57,562 60.7 250,558 56.7 41,799 57.7 11,174 63.7 30,625 55.8 213,357 56.4 35,259 59.5 178,098 55.8 15,944 60.4 2,966 61.0 12,978 60.3 36,991 61.7 8,150 61.7 28,841 61.7 Unemployed 15,499 4.8 4,389 7.1 11,110 4.2 2,747 6.2 1,074 8.8 1,673 5.2 9,975 4.5 2,170 5.8 7,805 4.2 698 4.2 325 9.9 373 2.8 2,079 5.3 820 9.1 1,259 4.2 Armed Forces 5,505 1.0 278 0.3 5,227 1.2 33 0.0 — 0.0 33 0.1 5,433 1.4 278 0.5 5,155 1.6 7 0.0 — 0.0 7 0.0 32 0.1 — 0.0 32 0.1 Males age 16 years 531,268 100.0 91,584 100.0 439,684 100.0 71,443 100.0 16,385 100.0 55,058 100.0 374,143 100.0 57,846 100.0 316,297 100.0 26,006 100.0 4,449 100.0 21,557 100.0 59,635 100.0 12,899 100.0 46,736 100.0 and older In labor force 384,943 72.5 65,857 71.9 319,086 72.6 48,611 68.0 11,579 70.7 37,032 67.3 273,014 73.0 41,247 71.3 231,767 73.3 18,451 70.9 3,282 73.8 15,169 70.4 44,832 75.2 9,744 75.5 35,088 75.1 In civilian labor 350,850 66.0 64,981 71.0 285,869 65.0 48,433 67.8 11,524 70.3 36,909 67.0 239,511 64.0 40,500 70.0 199,011 62.9 18,268 70.2 3,266 73.4 15,002 69.6 44,607 74.8 9,686 75.1 34,921 74.7 force Employed 328,334 61.8 57,843 63.2 270,491 61.5 43,981 61.6 9,944 60.7 34,037 61.8 226,334 60.5 36,608 63.3 189,726 60.0 16,989 65.3 2,963 66.6 14,026 65.1 40,999 68.7 8,323 64.5 32,676 69.9 Unemployed 22,516 6.4 7,138 11.0 15,378 5.4 4,452 9.2 1,580 13.7 2,872 7.8 13,177 5.5 3,892 9.6 9,285 4.7 1,279 7.0 303 9.3 976 6.5 3,608 8.1 1,363 14.1 2,245 6.4 Armed Forces 34,093 6.4 876 1.0 33,217 7.6 178 0.2 55 0.3 123 0.2 33,503 9.0 747 1.3 32,756 10.4 183 0.7 16 0.4 167 0.8 225 0.4 58 0.4 167 0.4 Number of 442,267 65,680 376,587 64,382 12,714 51,668 304,827 40,645 264,182 21,710 3,179 18,531 51,281 9,124 42,157 households With earnings 364,878 82.5 56,738 86.4 308,140 81.8 50,028 77.7 10,744 84.5 39,284 76.0 254,194 83.4 35,239 86.7 218,955 82.9 17,594 81.0 2,715 85.4 14,879 80.3 43,002 83.9 8,022 87.9 34,980 83.0

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination with other races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey Selected Population Tables

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

21 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.19. Employment by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Hawaii Hawaii County Honolulu County Kauai County Maui County

N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. Total population age 950,055 100.0 158,486 100.0 791,569 100.0 114,647 100.0 27,630 100.0 87,017 100.0 691,015 100.0 103,236 100.0 587,779 100.0 44,920 100.0 8,310 100.0 36,610 100.0 99,326 100.0 19,222 100.0 80,104 100.0 16 years and older In labor force 612,831 64.5 104,417 65.9 508,414 64.2 70,791 61.7 18,038 65.3 52,753 60.6 447,320 64.7 67,448 65.3 379,872 64.6 28,355 63.1 5,682 68.4 22,673 61.9 66,307 66.8 13,205 68.7 53,102 66.3 In civilian labor 573,795 60.4 103,763 65.5 470,032 59.4 70,592 61.6 18,018 65.2 52,574 60.4 408,638 59.1 66,826 64.7 341,812 58.2 28,288 63.0 5,680 68.4 22,608 61.8 66,219 66.7 13,195 68.6 53,024 66.2 force Employed 537,909 56.6 93,593 59.1 444,316 56.1 64,979 56.7 15,916 57.6 49,063 56.4 383,148 55.4 60,292 58.4 322,856 54.9 26,789 59.6 5,225 62.9 21,564 58.9 62,935 63.4 12,116 63.0 50,819 63.4 Unemployed 35,886 6.3 10,170 9.8 25,716 5.5 5,613 8.0 2,102 11.7 3,511 6.7 25,490 6.2 6,534 9.8 18,956 5.5 1,499 5.3 455 8.0 1,044 4.6 3,284 5.0 1,079 8.2 2,205 4.2 Armed Forces 39,036 4.1 654 0.4 38,382 4.8 199 0.2 20 0.1 179 0.2 38,682 5.6 622 0.6 38,060 6.5 67 0.1 2 0.0 65 0.2 88 0.1 10 0.1 78 0.1 Females age 16 years 476,513 100.0 80,622 100.0 395,891 100.0 57,884 100.0 14,162 100.0 43,722 100.0 346,036 100.0 52,468 100.0 293,568 100.0 22,656 100.0 4,098 100.0 18,558 100.0 49,878 100.0 9,865 100.0 40,013 100.0 and older In labor force 281,654 59.1 50,358 62.5 231,296 58.4 34,013 58.8 8,894 62.8 25,119 57.5 203,289 58.7 32,330 61.6 170,959 58.2 13,365 59.0 2,590 63.2 10,775 58.1 30,958 62.1 6,515 66.0 24,443 61.1 In civilian labor 276,986 58.1 50,279 62.4 226,707 57.3 33,964 58.7 8,889 62.8 25,075 57.4 198,679 57.4 32,256 61.5 166,423 56.7 13,356 59.0 2,590 63.2 10,766 58.0 30,958 62.1 6,515 66.0 24,443 61.1 force Employed 261,426 54.9 45,848 56.9 215,578 54.5 31,424 54.3 7,875 55.6 23,549 53.9 187,607 54.2 29,450 56.1 158,157 53.9 12,783 56.4 2,415 58.9 10,368 55.9 29,583 59.3 6,079 61.6 23,504 58.7 Unemployed 15,560 5.6 4,431 8.8 11,129 4.9 2,540 7.5 1,014 11.4 1,526 6.1 11,072 5.6 2,806 8.7 8,266 5.0 573 4.3 175 6.8 398 3.7 1,375 4.4 436 6.7 939 3.8 Armed Forces 4,668 1.0 79 0.1 4,589 1.2 49 0.1 5 0.0 44 0.1 4,610 1.3 74 0.1 4,536 1.5 9 0.0 - 0.0 9 0.0 - 0.0 - 0.0 - 0.0 Males age 16 years 473,542 100.0 77,864 100.0 395,678 100.0 56,763 100.0 13,468 100.0 43,295 100.0 344,979 100.0 50,768 100.0 294,211 100.0 22,264 100.0 4,212 100.0 18,052 100.0 49,448 100.0 9,357 100.0 40,091 100.0 and older In labor force 331,177 69.9 54,059 69.4 277,118 70.0 36,778 64.8 9,144 67.9 27,634 63.8 244,031 70.7 35,118 69.2 208,913 71.0 14,990 67.3 3,092 73.4 11,898 65.9 35,349 71.5 6,690 71.5 28,659 71.5 In civilian labor 296,809 62.7 53,484 68.7 243,325 61.5 36,628 64.5 9,129 67.8 27,499 63.5 209,959 60.9 34,570 68.1 175,389 59.6 14,932 67.1 3,090 73.4 11,842 65.6 35,261 71.3 6,680 71.4 28,581 71.3 force Employed 276,483 58.4 47,745 61.3 228,738 57.8 33,555 59.1 8,041 59.7 25,514 58.9 195,541 56.7 30,842 60.8 164,699 56.0 14,006 62.9 2,810 66.7 11,196 62.0 33,352 67.4 6,037 64.5 27,315 68.1 Unemployed 20,326 6.8 5,739 10.7 14,587 6.0 3,073 8.4 1,088 11.9 1,985 7.2 14,418 6.9 3,728 10.8 10,690 6.1 926 6.2 280 9.1 646 5.5 1,909 5.4 643 9.6 1,266 4.4 Armed Forces 34,368 7.3 575 0.7 33,793 8.5 150 0.3 15 0.1 135 0.3 34,072 9.9 548 1.1 33,524 11.4 58 0.3 2 0.0 56 0.3 88 0.2 10 0.1 78 0.2 Number of 403,572 58,791 344,781 52,945 10,714 42,231 286,731 37,460 249,271 20,201 3,175 17,026 43,563 7,354 36,209 households With earnings 334,392 82.9 50,608 86.1 283,784 82.3 41,559 78.5 9,117 85.1 32,442 76.8 239,649 83.6 32,239 86.1 207,410 83.2 16,346 80.9 2,710 85.4 13,636 80.1 36,765 84.4 6,483 88.2 30,282 83.6

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2000

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

22 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.20. Income by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Hawaii Hawaii County Honolulu County Kauai County Maui County

N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. Total households 442,267 100.0 65,680 100.0 376,587 100.0 64,382 100.0 12,714 100.0 51,668 100.0 304,827 100.0 40,645 100.0 264,182 100.0 21,710 100.0 3,179 100.0 18,531 100.0 51,281 100.0 9,124 100.0 42,157 100.0 Income ($) Less than 10,000 25,412 5.7 4,331 6.6 21,081 5.6 5,184 8.1 1,166 9.2 4,018 7.8 16,397 5.4 2,524 6.2 13,873 5.3 1,534 7.1 200 6.3 1,334 7.2 2,294 4.5 441 4.8 1,853 4.4 10,000-24,000 49,367 11.2 7,495 11.4 41,872 11.1 10,500 16.3 1,912 15.0 8,588 16.6 30,388 10.0 4,302 10.6 26,086 9.9 2,643 12.2 356 11.2 2,287 12.3 5,825 11.4 925 10.1 4,900 11.6 25,000-50,000 89,265 20.2 14,996 22.8 74,269 19.7 13,751 21.4 2,941 23.1 10,810 20.9 59,701 19.6 8,436 20.8 51,265 19.4 4,427 20.4 687 21.6 3,740 20.2 11,364 22.2 2,914 31.9 8,450 20.0 50,000-75,000 83,857 19.0 12,084 18.4 71,773 19.1 12,641 19.6 2,494 19.6 10,147 19.6 56,536 18.5 7,262 17.9 49,274 18.7 4,277 19.7 743 23.4 3,534 19.1 10,395 20.3 1,585 17.4 8,810 20.9 More than 75,000 194,366 43.9 26,774 40.8 167,592 44.5 22,306 34.6 4,201 33.0 18,105 35.0 141,805 46.5 18,121 44.6 123,684 46.8 8,829 40.7 1,193 37.5 7,636 41.2 21,403 41.7 3,259 35.7 18,144 43.0 Median household 66,420 62,852 54,996 54,133 70,093 68,004 62,531 61,285 63,989 52,933 income (in 2010 dollars) With cash public 14,798 3.3 4,678 7.1 10,120 2.7 2,825 4.4 1,132 8.9 1,693 3.3 9,976 3.3 2,688 6.6 7,288 2.8 743 3.4 320 10.1 423 2.3 1,254 2.4 538 5.9 716 1.7 assistance income With Food Stamp/ 32,544 7.4 9,659 14.7 22,885 6.1 7,403 11.5 2,470 19.4 4,933 9.5 20,145 6.6 5,540 13.6 14,605 5.5 1,527 7.0 458 14.4 1,069 5.8 3,466 6.8 1,191 13.1 2,275 5.4 SNAP benefits in the past 12 months

SNAP = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination with other races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2010

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

23 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.21. Income by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Hawaii Hawaii County Honolulu County Kauai County Maui County

Total Native Non-Native Total Native Non-Native Non-Native Native Non-Native Native Non-Native Hawaiian Hawaiian Hawaiian Hawaiian Total Native Hawaiian Hawaiian Total Hawaiian Hawaiian Total Hawaiian Hawaiian

N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. Total households 403,572 100.0 58,791 100.0 344,781 100.0 52,945 100.0 10,714 100.0 42,231 100.0 286,731 100.0 37,460 100.0 249,271 100.0 20,201 100.0 3,175 100.0 17,026 100.0 43,563 100.0 7,354 100.0 36,209 100.0 Income ($) Less than 10,000 31,937 7.9 5,817 9.9 26,120 7.6 6,135 11.6 1,370 12.8 4,765 11.3 20,886 7.3 3,449 9.2 17,437 7.0 1,640 8.1 284 8.9 1,356 8.0 3,202 7.4 670 9.1 2,532 7.0 10,000-24,000 60,804 15.1 9,754 16.6 51,050 14.8 10,219 19.3 2,180 20.3 8,039 19.0 40,115 14.0 5,787 15.4 34,328 13.8 3,620 17.9 615 19.4 3,005 17.6 6,835 15.7 1,157 15.7 5,678 15.7 25,000-50,000 109,711 27.2 16,581 28.2 93,130 27.0 15,770 29.8 3,361 31.4 12,409 29.4 76,113 26.5 9,878 26.4 66,235 26.6 5,806 28.7 989 31.1 4,817 28.3 11,979 27.5 2,324 31.6 9,655 26.7 50,000-75,000 82,997 20.6 12,176 20.7 70,821 20.5 9,764 18.4 2,009 18.8 7,755 18.4 59,104 20.6 7,795 20.8 51,309 20.6 4,468 22.1 667 21.0 3,801 22.3 9,661 22.2 1,705 23.2 7,956 22.0 More than 75,000 118,123 29.3 14,463 24.6 103,660 30.1 11,057 20.9 1,794 16.7 9,263 21.9 90,513 31.6 10,551 28.2 79,962 32.1 4,667 23.1 620 19.5 4,047 23.8 11,886 27.3 1,498 20.4 10,388 28.7 Median household 49,820 45,381 39,805 37,141 51,914 48,890 45,020 42,428 49,489 45,538 income (in 2010 dollars) With cash public 28,886 7.2 8,623 14.7 20,263 5.9 5,158 9.7 1,890 17.6 3,268 7.7 19,423 6.8 5,222 13.9 14,201 5.7 1,573 7.8 512 16.1 1,061 6.2 2,732 6.3 999 13.6 1,733 4.8 assistance income With Food Stamp/ SNAP benefits in the — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — past 12 months

SNAP = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination with other races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2000

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

24 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.22. Poverty by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination with other races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2010

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

25 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.23. Poverty by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination with other races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2000

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

26 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.24. Economic Indicators by Race, Hawaii, 2011

Hawaii Honolulu County

Total Population Native Hawaiian Non-Native Hawaiian Total Population Native Hawaiian Non-Native Hawaiian

N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. Employment Population age 16 years and 1,102,147 202,979 899,168 773,786 126,941 646,845 older Population age 16 years and older , employed by gender Male 324,123 59.1 59,805 59.1 264,318 59.1 227,288 59.0 38,816 61.0 188,471 58.6 Female 305,203 55.1 58,329 57.3 246,874 54.6 214,544 55.2 37,729 59.6 176,815 54.3 Total 629,326 57.1 118,134 58.2 511,192 56.9 441,832 57.1 76,545 60.3 365,286 56.5 Population age 16 years and older , unemployed by gender Male 30,962 8.7 10,354 14.7 20,609 7.2 18,812 7.6 4,587 10.6 14,225 7.0 Female 21,569 6.6 6,841 10.5 14,729 5.6 13,917 6.1 3,821 9.2 10,096 5.4 Total 52,532 7.7 17,194 12.7 35,337 6.5 32,729 6.9 8,407 9.9 24,321 6.2 Poverty Total population for 1,338,543 933,104 whom poverty status was determined Less than 18 years of age 299,170 208,310 Ages 18 to 64 years 841,093 585,187 Age 65 years and older 198,280 139,607 Poverty rates by age group Total 161,290 12.0 17.2 94,429 10.1 13.7 Less than 18 years of age 50,834 17.0 22.2 27,750 13.3 17.3 Ages 18 to 64 years 94,102 11.2 14.8 55,270 9.4 11.9 Age 65 years and older 16,354 8.2 11.1 11,409 8.2 10.8 Total households 448,563 67,710 380,853 308,495 41,465 267,030 Median household income (in 61,821 59,532 66,146 64,652 2011 dollars) With earnings 361,990 80.7 57,892 85.5 304,098 79.8 252,657 81.9 35,453 85.5 217,205 81.3 With cash public assistance 19,288 4.3 6,568 9.7 12,720 3.3 11,723 3.8 3,939 9.5 7,784 2.9 income With Food Stamp benefits in 48,445 10.8 15,438 22.8 33,007 8.7 28,382 9.2 8,127 19.6 20,254 7.6 the past 12 months

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination. Source: US Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Native Hawaiian data were suppressed for Honolulu, Kauai, and Maui counties because of small sample size.

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

27 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.25. Economic Indicators by Race, Hawaii, 2008

Hawaii Honolulu County

Total Population Native Hawaiian Non-Native Hawaiian Total Population Native Hawaiian Non-Native Hawaiian

N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. Employment Population age 16 years and 1,037,731 171,767 865,964 728,799 107,257 621,542 older Population age 16 years and older, employed by gender Male 327,833 63.3 57,207 68.0 270,626 62.4 221,546 61.1 35,602 67.5 185,944 60.0 Female 302,396 58.2 54,957 62.7 247,439 57.3 209,056 57.1 34,008 62.4 175,048 56.2 Total 630,229 60.7 112,164 65.3 518,065 59.8 430,602 59.1 69,610 64.9 360,992 58.1 Population age 16 years and older, unemployed by gender Male 15,116 4.4 4,003 6.5 11,113 3.9 8,907 3.9 2,308 6.1 6,599 3.4 Female 11,559 3.7 2,653 4.6 8,906 3.5 7,102 3.3 1,125 3.2 5,977 3.3 Total 26,675 4.1 6,656 5.6 20,019 3.7 16,009 3.6 3,433 4.7 12,576 3.4 Poverty Total population for 1,260,602 881,647 whom poverty status was determined Less than 18 years of age 280,966 196,165 Ages 18 to 64 years 793,888 549,738 Age 65 years and older 185,748 135,744 Poverty rates by age group Total 115,131 9.1 10.2 74,725 8.5 10.8 Less than 18 years of age 28,233 10.0 12.2 18,980 9.7 11.4 Ages 18 to 64 years 74,348 9.4 9.7 46,676 8.5 11.1 Age 65 years and older 12,550 6.8 5.8 9,069 6.7 7.5 Total households 437,105 61,358 375,747 302,861 37,388 265,473 Median household income (in 70,222 69,323 74,126 74,513 2011 dollars) With earnings 360,751 82.5 52,952 86.3 307,799 81.9 251,432 83.0 32,528 87.0 218,904 82.5 With cash public assistance 13,519 3.1 3,927 6.4 9,592 2.6 8,575 2.8 1,869 5.0 6,706 2.5 income With Food Stamp benefits in 31,359 7.2 8,958 14.6 22,401 6.0 20,653 6.8 5,309 14.2 15,344 5.8 the past 12 months

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination. Source: US Census Bureau, 2008 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Native Hawaiian data were suppressed for Honolulu, Kauai, and Maui counties because of small sample size.

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

28 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.26. Number of Persons in Population Per Housing Unit, 2010

Hawaii Hawaii County Honolulu County Kauai County Maui County Total population 1,360,301 185,079 953,207 67,091 154,834 Total housing units 519,508 82,324 336,899 29,793 70,379 Number of persons 2.6 2.2 2.8 2.3 2.2 per unit

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2010

Exhibit A3.27. Number of Persons in Population Per Housing Unit, 2000

Hawaii Hawaii County Honolulu County Kauai County Maui County Total population 1,211,537 148,677 876,156 58,463 128,094 Total housing units 460,542 62,674 315,988 25,331 56,377 Number of persons 2.6 2.4 2.8 2.3 2.3 per unit

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2000

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

29 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.28. Homeownership by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2010.

Exhibit A3.29. Homeownership by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2000.

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

30 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.30. Housing Structure Type by Race, Hawaii, 2010

RV = recreational vehicle. Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

Exhibit A3.31. Housing Structure Type by Race, Hawaii, 2000

RV = recreational vehicle. Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2000.

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

31 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.32. Housing Age and Size by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Hawaii Hawaii County Honolulu County Kauai County Maui County

Total Population Native Hawaiian Non-Native Total Population Native Hawaiian Non-Native Total Population Native Hawaiian Non-Native Total Population Native Hawaiian Non-Native Total Population Native Hawaiian Non-Native Hawaiian Hawaiian Hawaiian Hawaiian Hawaiian N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. Total housing units 442,267 65,680 376,587 64,382 12,714 51,668 304,827 40,645 264,182 21,710 3,179 18,531 51,281 9,124 42,157 Age Built before 1960 83,672 18.9 13,724 20.9 69,948 18.6 9,970 15.5 2,220 17.5 7,750 15.0 63,230 20.7 9,255 22.8 53,975 20.4 3,348 15.4 521 16.4 2,827 15.3 7,070 13.8 1,715 18.8 5,355 12.7 Built in or after 1960 358,595 81.1 51,956 79.1 306,639 81.4 54,412 84.5 10,494 82.5 43,918 85.0 241,597 79.3 31,390 77.2 210,207 79.6 18,362 84.6 2,658 83.6 15,704 84.7 44,211 86.2 7,409 81.2 36,802 87.3 Size Two or fewer rooms 44,666 10.1 5,509 8.4 39,157 10.4 5,354 8.3 1,090 8.6 4,264 8.3 31,900 10.5 3,599 8.9 28,301 10.7 1,684 7.8 191 6.0 1,493 8.1 5,704 11.1 616 6.8 5,088 12.1 Three to five rooms 241,498 54.6 38,518 58.6 202,980 53.9 37,820 58.7 7,764 61.1 30,056 58.2 160,495 52.7 22,454 55.2 138,041 52.3 12,042 55.5 2,021 63.6 10,021 54.1 31,108 60.7 6,274 68.8 24,834 58.9 Six or more rooms 156,103 35.3 21,653 33.0 134,450 35.7 21,208 32.9 3,860 30.4 17,348 33.6 112,432 36.9 14,592 35.9 97,840 37.0 7,984 36.8 967 30.4 7,017 37.9 14,469 28.2 2,234 24.5 12,235 29.0

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

Exhibit A3.33. Housing Age and Size by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Hawaii Hawaii County Honolulu County Kauai County Maui County

Total Population Native Hawaiian Non-Native Total Population Native Hawaiian Non-Native Total Population Native Hawaiian Non-Native Total Population Native Hawaiian Non-Native Total Population Native Hawaiian Non-Native Hawaiian Hawaiian Hawaiian Hawaiian Hawaiian N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. Total housing units 403,240 59,052 344,188 52,985 10,838 42,147 286,450 37,773 248,677 20,183 3,034 17,149 43,507 7,330 36,177 Age Built before 1960 87,207 21.6 13,089 22.2 74,118 21.5 9,586 18.1 1,930 17.8 7,656 18.2 67,761 23.7 9,264 24.5 58,497 23.5 3,635 18.0 618 20.4 3,017 17.6 6,148 14.1 1,213 16.5 4,935 13.6 Built in or after 1960 316,033 78.4 45,963 77.8 270,070 78.5 43,399 81.9 8,908 82.2 34,491 81.8 218,689 76.3 28,509 75.5 190,180 76.5 16,548 82.0 2,416 79.6 14,132 82.4 37,359 85.9 6,117 83.5 31,242 86.4 Size Two or fewer rooms 74,300 18.4 10,865 18.4 63,435 18.4 6,629 12.5 1,517 14.0 5,112 12.1 58,285 20.3 7,536 20.0 50,749 20.4 1,914 9.5 362 11.9 1,552 9.1 7,370 16.9 1,373 18.7 5,997 16.6 Three to five rooms 203,675 50.5 31,872 54.0 171,803 49.9 30,042 56.7 6,467 59.7 23,575 55.9 137,630 48.0 19,402 51.4 118,228 47.5 11,621 57.6 1,786 58.9 9,835 57.4 24,369 56.0 4,217 57.5 20,152 55.7 Six or more rooms 125,265 31.1 16,315 27.6 108,950 31.7 16,314 30.8 2,854 26.3 13,460 31.9 90,535 31.6 10,835 28.7 79,700 32.0 6,648 32.9 886 29.2 5,762 33.6 11,768 27.0 1,740 23.7 10,028 27.7

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2000

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

32 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.34. Housing Costs by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Hawaii Hawaii County Honolulu County Kauai County Maui County

Total population Native Hawaiian Total population Native Hawaiian Total population Native Hawaiian Total population Native Hawaiian Total population Native Hawaiian Total occupied units 442,267 65,680 64,382 12,714 304,827 40,645 21,710 3,179 51,281 9,124 Median home value 537,400 463,800 361,400 320,300 559,000 508,400 583,200 499,100 614,600 492,000 Median gross rent 1,260 1,084 1,009 900 1,312 1,140 1,187 1,080 1,313 1,198

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

Exhibit A3.35. Housing Costs by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Hawaii Hawaii County Honolulu County Kauai County Maui County Total population Native Hawaiian Total population Native Hawaiian Total population Native Hawaiian Total population Native Hawaiian Total population Native Hawaiian Total specified occupied units 403,240 59,052 52,985 10,838 286,450 37,773 20,183 3,034 43,507 7,330 Median home value (in 2010 dollars) 356,926 294,624 201,172 184,680 404,438 351,036 282,845 258,107 327,084 266,091 Median gross rent (in 2010 dollars) 1,020 941 844 814 1,050 988 967 842 1,031 915

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination. Financial data on housing are available only for specified occupied units in 2000, whereas data for 2010 cover all occupied units. Thus, comparisons of cost cannot be made between the two data sets. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2000

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

33 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.36. Facility and Crowding Indicators by Race, Hawaii, 2010

Note: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

34 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.37. Facility and Crowding Indicators by Race, Hawaii, 2000

Hawaii Hawaii County Honolulu County Kauai County Maui County

Total Native Non-Native Total Native Non-Native Total Native Non-Native Total Native Non-Native Total Native Non-Native Population Hawaiian Hawaiian Population Hawaiian Hawaiian Population Hawaiian Hawaiian Population Hawaiian Hawaiian Population Hawaiian Hawaiian N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. N Pct. 2000 Occupied housing 403,240 59,052 344,188 52,985 10,838 42,147 286,450 37,773 248,677 20,183 3,034 17,149 43,507 7,330 36,177 units Overcrowding Overcrowded (more than 1 person per 62,268 15.4 14,806 25.1 47,462 13.8 6,788 12.8 2,523 23.3 4,265 10.1 45,852 16.0 9,473 25.1 36,379 14.6 2,496 12.4 645 21.3 1,851 10.8 7,132 16.4 2,165 29.5 4,967 13.7 room) Severely overcrowded (more 31,163 7.7 7,152 12.1 24,011 7.0 2,999 5.7 1,129 10.4 1,870 4.4 23,519 8.2 4,634 12.3 18,885 7.6 1,085 5.4 290 9.6 795 4.6 3,560 8.2 1,099 15.0 2,461 6.8 than 1.5 persons per room) Facilities problems Lacking complete 3,833 1.0 681 1.2 3,152 0.9 1,450 2.7 284 2.6 1,166 2.8 1,760 0.6 251 0.7 1,509 0.6 178 0.9 61 2.0 117 0.7 445 1.0 85 1.2 360 1.0 plumbing facilities Lacking complete 5,765 1.4 998 1.7 4,767 1.4 1,564 3.0 322 3.0 1,242 2.9 3,391 1.2 467 1.2 2,924 1.2 314 1.6 78 2.6 236 1.4 471 1.1 118 1.6 353 1.0 kitchen facilities No telephone 8,260 2.0 2,469 4.2 5,791 1.7 1,773 3.3 576 5.3 1,197 2.8 4,981 1.7 1,354 3.6 3,627 1.5 439 2.2 167 5.5 272 1.6 1,054 2.4 372 5.1 682 1.9 service Specified occupied 348,319 53,711 294,608 48,296 10,151 38,145 243,062 33,937 209,125 18,574 2,901 15,673 38,272 6,645 31,627 units with costs Cost burdened (spending more 115,343 33.1 19,097 35.6 96,246 32.7 14,678 30.4 3,430 33.8 11,248 29.5 81,178 33.4 12,505 36.8 68,673 32.8 6,015 32.4 943 32.5 5,072 32.4 13,459 35.2 2,219 33.4 11,240 35.5 than 30 percent of income on housing) Severely cost burdened (spending more than 50 89,358 25.7 14,964 27.9 74,394 25.3 11,607 24.0 2,724 26.8 8,883 23.3 62,447 25.7 9,707 28.6 52,740 25.2 4,755 25.6 754 26.0 4,001 25.5 10,536 27.5 1,779 26.8 8,757 27.7 percent of income on housing)

Notes: Native Hawaiian population includes Native Hawaiian alone or in combination. Financial data on housing are available only for specified occupied units in 2000, whereas data for 2010 cover all occupied units. Thus, comparisons of cost burden cannot be made between the two data sets. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2000

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

35 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.38. Population by Race and Ethnicity, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Population Percent of Total Population Total population 27,596 100.0 Population by race Native Hawaiian alone 11,791 42.7 American Indian or Alaska Native alone 32 0.1 White alone 1,124 4.1 Black or African-American alone 73 0.3 Asian alone 1,201 4.4 Other Pacific Islander alone 291 1.1 Some other race alone 88 0.3 Two or more races 12,524 45.4 Not including Native Hawaiian 253 0.9 Native Hawaiian in combination 12,271 44.5 Native Hawaiian alone or in combination 24,062 87.2 Population by ethnicity Not Hispanic or Latino 25,039 90.7 Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 2,557 9.3

Note: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2010

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

36 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.39. Population by Age, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Population Percent of Population Total population, Hawaiian home lands 27,596 100.0 Population by age group—detailed Less than 5 years of age 2,200 8.0 5 to 9 years 2,281 8.3 10 to 14 years 2,347 8.5 15 to 19 years 2,394 8.7 20 to 24 years 1,867 6.8 25 to 34 years 3,489 12.6 35 to 44 years 3,471 12.6 45 to 54 years 3,785 13.7 55 to 59 years 1,654 6.0 60 to 64 years 1,275 4.6 65 to 74 years 1,834 6.6 75 to 84 years 798 2.9 85 years and older 201 0.7 Population by age group—general Less than 20 9,222 33.4 20 to 44 8,827 32.0 45 to 64 6,714 24.3 65 and older 2,833 10.3

Note: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2010

Exhibit A3.40. Average Household Size, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Total population in households 27,490 Total number of households 6,417 Average household size, 2010 4.28

Note: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2010

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

37 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.41. Households by Household Type, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Number of Households Percent of Households Total households, Hawaiian home lands (number) 6,417 100.0 Family households 5,569 86.8 Married with children less than age 18 1,591 24.8 Single parent with children less than age 18 555 8.6 Married without children 2,040 31.8 Other 1,383 21.6 Nonfamily households 848 13.2

Note: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2010

Exhibit A3.42. Family Households by Size, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Number of Households Percent of Households Total households, Hawaiian home lands (number) 6,417 100.0 Large household (five or more people) 2,542 39.6 Small household 3,875 60.4

Note: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 2010

Exhibit A3.43. Educational Attainment for the Population Age 25 and Older, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Population Percent of Population Population age 25 years and older 15,262 100.0 Population age 25 and older by education level Without a high school diploma or GED 1,801 11.8 With a high school diploma or GED 8,040 52.7 With some college or associate’s degree 4,157 27.2 With a bachelor’s degree or graduate degree 1,264 8.3

GED = general educational development. Note: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

38 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.44. Employment Indicators for the Population Age 16 and Older, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Population Percent of Population Labor force participation characteristics Total population (16 and older) 18,820 100.0 In labor force 12,188 64.8 In civilian labor force 12,130 64.5 Employed 10,866 57.7 Unemployed 1,264 10.4 In military 58 0.3 Males (age 16 and older) 9,222 100.0 In labor force 6,386 69.2 In civilian labor force 6,365 69.0 Employed 5,469 59.3 Unemployed 896 14.1 In military - - Females (age 16 and older) 9,598 100.0 In labor force 5,802 60.5 In civilian labor force 5,765 60.1 Employed 5,397 56.2 Unemployed 368 6.4 In military - - Earnings and full-time work characteristics, number of households With earnings 5,105 79.6

Notes: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. For earnings and full-time work characteristics, the percent calculations represent the percent of households with earnings rather than the percent of the individual population. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

39 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.45. Household Income Characteristics, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Population Percent of Population Total households 5,861 100.0 Household income level Less than 10,000 266 4.5 10,000 to 25,000 563 9.6 25,000 to 50,000 1,331 22.7 50,000 to 75,000 1,098 18.7 More than 75,000 2,603 44.4 With cash public assistance 393 6.7 Received Food Stamps/SNAP 943 16.1

SNAP = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Note: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

Exhibit A3.46. Median Household Income, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Mean household income (2010 dollars) $76,387 Median household income (2010 dollars) $66,901

Notes: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. Median of the medians. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

Exhibit A3.47. Poverty Rates by Age, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Population Percent of Population Total population for whom poverty was determined 24,872 Less than 18 years of age 7,094 18 to 64 years 15,168 65 years and older 2,610 Population below the poverty level 1,452 5.8 Poverty by age Less than 18 years of age 325 4.6 18 to 64 years 1,005 6.6 65 years and older 122 4.7

Note: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

40 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.48. Housing Market Indicators, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Total housing units 6,068 Vacancy rate 3.4 For sale units 0.0 For rent units 0.7 Other 2.7

Note: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

Exhibit A3.49. Household Tenure, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Housing Units Percent of Housing Units Occupied housing units 5,861 96.6 Percent of occupied housing units by tenure Owner-occupied units 5,251 89.6 Renter-occupied units 610 10.4

Note: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

Exhibit A3.50. Housing Structure Type, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Number of Units Percent of Units Total Housing Units 6,068 100.0 Percent of Housing Units by Structure Types Single family detached 5814 95.8 Townhouse/multifamily 245 4.0 Mobile home/RV 9 0.1

Note: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

41 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.51. Housing Age and Size, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Number of Units Percent of Units Total housing units 6,068 100.0 Percent of housing units by age of home Built before 1960 578 9.5 Built in or after 1960 5,490 90.5 Percent of housing units by size of home Two or fewer rooms 168 2.8 Three to four rooms 1,303 21.5 Six or more rooms 4,597 75.8

Note: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

Exhibit A3.52. Home Values, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Percent of Units $150,000 to 199,999 15.6 $200,000 to 299,999 25.8 $300,000 to 499,999 24.2 More than $500,000 14.9

Note: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

Exhibit A3.53. Facility and Crowding Indicators, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Number of Units Percent of Units Occupied housing units 5,861 100.0 Percent of occupied housing units Overcrowded (more than 1 person per room) 1,129 19.3 Severely overcrowded (more than 1.5 persons per room) 338 5.8 Cost burdened (spending more than 30 percent of income on housing) 1,211 20.7 Lacking complete plumbing facilities 46 0.8 Lacking complete kitchen facilities 61 1.0 No telephone service available 169 2.9

Note: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

42 Appendix A. Census Data

Exhibit A3.54. Population Mobility, Hawaiian Home Lands, 2010

Population Percent of Population Population age 1 year and older 24,711 100.0 Living in the same place as the year before 23,340 94.5 Living in a different place 1 year ago 1,342 5.4 Living in the same county 1,080 4.4 Living outside the same county/the same state/the United States 262 1.1 Occupied housing units 5,861 100.0 Moved into current home before 2000 3,833 65.4

Note: Hawaiian home lands include only the 20 largest residential home lands communities. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey selected population tables

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

43 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

data collection (in person or by telephone), Appendix B. Household and the ability to provide island-specific estimates.

Survey of Hawaiian Homes The sample was selected from eligible applicants on only three islands (excluding Commission Act (HHCA) Lanai). The three islands were Oahu, Hawaii, and Molokai. This decision was Beneficiaries on the based on discussions with the State of Hawaii Department of Hawaiian Home Lands (DHHL). DHHL agreed that in- Waiting List for a Lease on person interviews that included household enumeration would be most informative. the Home Lands DHHL recommended Molokai as the third island for several reasons: (1) it was The information in this appendix describes more rural and more remote (thus adding the approach to the sampling frame for the diversity to the sample), (2) DHHL is a large household survey of HHCA beneficiaries on landholder on this island, and (3) it has the waiting list for a lease on the Hawaiian one of the oldest homesteads. As exhibit home lands. B1.1 shows, Molokai receives the full set of interviews allocated to Maui, Molokai, and The Hawaiian Homes Commission Act Kauai. By sorting the eligible applicants (HHCA) established the Hawaiian Home living on each resident island by the waiting Land Trust, a set-aside of more the 200,000 list island, the sample included respondents acres of land for eligible Native Hawaiians, from all five waiting lists. In fact, the eligible those who are 50 percent or more Native applicants from the different waiting lists Hawaiian by blood quantum (referred to in were sampled at different rates so that every this report as HHCA beneficiaries). Demand waiting list had an appropriate number for homestead leases, which are primarily for of interviews. This approach reasonably residential purposes but are also available represented everyone on the waiting list only for agricultural and pastoral uses, has to the extent that housing conditions on the consistently outstripped supply. Obtaining a selected small island were relatively similar random sample of HHCA beneficiaries from to those on the two islands not selected. the general population of the state would This approach did allow for estimates for have been beyond the funding limits of the the selected smaller island and the two study. After reviewing several administrative larger islands; however, it did not capture the databases, the study team determined that diversity or unique characteristics of each of the waiting list database provided the best the smaller islands. pool from which to draw a random sample of individuals of Native Hawaiian heritage.

Because funds allocated to the Hawaii Household Survey precluded conducting household interviews on five islands, tradeoffs were made. Several options were developed that considered the coverage of the sample (number of islands), the mode of

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

44 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B1.1. Sample Sizes for Three Island Sample Subsampling

Near the end, there were too many opt-ins Percentage to be in Proposed Residence Island Eligible Applicants Sample Interviews to release, so some cases that were late opt-ins that had not yet been released were Oahu 8,423 100.00 294 subsampled in Oahu (73/189 = 38.62%) and Hawaii 2,986 100.00 104 Hawaii (31/67 = 46.27%). The factor for those Maui 1,739 59.35 cases NOT subjected to subsampling is 1 Kauai 782 26.69 102 while the 73 Oahu cases get an adjustment of 1/.3862 = 2.59 and the 31 Hawaii cases get Molokai 419 13.96 an adjustment of 1/.4627 = 2.16. Lanai 11 0.00 0 TOTAL 14,350 500 Response Rate B2. Response Rates and Weighting The response rate by island and subsampling group follows. The survey plan assumed an 80-percent response rate for the household survey of • Oahu subsampled: 56/73 = 76.71%. HHCA beneficiaries on the waiting list. It was anticipated that the greatest challenge • Oahu NOT subsampled: 315/379 = would be obtaining release forms from the 83.11%. selected waiting list sample, followed by • Hawaii subsampled: 25/31 = 80.65%. cooperation of all the HHCA beneficiary households sampled. • Hawaii NOT subsampled: 93/109 = 85.32%. When constructing the weights, every step was carried out by island (and subsampling • Molokai 27/36 (two deaths removed group). Oahu, Hawaii, and Molokai were from denominator) = 75.00%. selected nonrandomly and are representative of only residents living on these three Normalization islands. In two batches, 5,146 households The weights sum to 12,102. The weights were were selected (3,493 from Oahu, 1,234 from multiplied by 516/12,102 = .0426 so that Hawaii, and all 419 from Molokai) out of a the weights sum to the sample size, 516, as total of 12,125 households (8,651 from Oahu, shown in exhibit B2.1. 3,055 from Hawaii, and 419 in Molokai).

The sampling fractions and weights are Oahu (40.4%, 2.48), Hawaii (40.4%, 2.48) and Molokai (100%, 1.00). Opt-in responses were received from 783 households with an overall opt-in rate of 15.2 percent. Weights were adjusted by 1/opt-in rate, and the opt-in rate differed by island.

• Oahu (569/3,493 = 16.3%).

• Hawaii (176/1,234 = 14.26%).

• Molokai (38/419 = 9.07%).

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

45 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B2.1. Normalization of Weights

Step Oahu Hawaii Molokai 1. Island selection 1 1 1 2. Targets by island 2.48 2.48 1 3. Opt-in response X 6.14 = 15.22 X 7.01 = 17.39 X 11.03 = 11.03 4. Subsampling X 2.59 or 1 = 39.41 or 15.22 X 2.16 or 1 = 37.58 or 17.39 X 1 = 11.03 5. Response rate X 1.30 or 1.20 = 51.37 or 18.31 X 1.24 or 1.17 = 46.60 or 20.38 X 1.33 = 14.71 6. Normalization X .0426 = 2.190314 or .780702 X .0426 = 1.986931 or .868963 X .0426 = .627205

B3. Survey Administration NORC made every effort to recruit Hawaiian Procedures interviewers to administer the household surveys. Suggestions for recruitment and The research team worked very closely approval for any hiring activities were with DHHL to assure a coordinated and sought from DHHL staff. Staffing of field culturally appropriate outreach effort to interviewers who were right for the task at achieve a high participation rate in the hand was essential to the success of the household survey. The memorandum data collection. In the event that NORC was signed by the U.S. Department of Housing unable to recruit a qualified field interviewer, and Urban Development (HUD) and DHHL NORC staff who were experienced with outlined responsibilities of both parties and interviewing Native Hawaiians were used specifically mentioned outreach activities. instead. NORC screened, hired, and trained interviewers. Outreach and Recruitment Training of field interviewers included The research team provided a one-page home study and in-person project training overview of the project, a brochure used by at a centralized location in Hawaii. One DHHL in initial outreach, and other materials field manager and one regional manager (such as brief articles for newsletters and provided support of data collection activities frequently asked questions) as requested and direct oversight of field interviewers. by DHHL. DHHL’s involvement assured that The field manager made monthly visits the timing of outreach activities coordinated to oversee data collection and monitor with key relevant newsletter publication interviewer performance. NORC’s experience dates and community gatherings and took conducting in-person surveys of Native advantage of websites and media outlets Hawaiians led to the assumption that that were most likely to reach the intended respondents of the Household Survey respondents. might require greater efforts to locate and Econometrica, Inc., provided substantial gain cooperation (that is, living in remote outreach support to NORC at the University locations, a population known to reject of Chicago in working with DHHL, Native outsiders). Hawaiian organizations, and community Implementing the sampling process and stakeholders, which included meetings with launching the survey involved additional and/or presentations for community groups steps. First, DHHL provided the research and housing agencies. team with an initial de-identified list with

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

46 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands unique identifiers of the families on the After allowing sufficient time for receipt of waiting list (approximately 14,000). From the materials, DHHL provided the contact this list, the research team drew an initial information for those households that had probabilistic sample of 2,400 and returned signed to schedule an appointment to the unique identifiers to DHHL. For this conduct the in-person interview and the sample, DHHL sent out an initial mailing and enumerator observation. The next step was requested permission to release contact to obtain informed consent for an interview; information (telephone number and address). refusals could also occur at this point. DHHL provided NORC with a de-identified file of all who signed the release form. This For the survey of HHCA beneficiaries, the form contained only telephone numbers key respondent was the contact listed on the and addresses and was sent to NORC via a DHHL waiting list; for example, the individual secure file transfer protocol, or FTP, server. who is eligible and had applied for housing NORC drew the survey sample from this file. on the home lands. In this way, DHHL had a record of all families who had provided release forms but did not know which of the families who signed release forms had been selected for the sample.

HUD leadership provided a letter explaining the purpose of the study, which was included in the initial mailing from DHHL. The content of the letter from DHHL emphasized the importance of the study, the study’s sponsorship by HUD, confidentiality of the data, and explained that participation enabled each family the opportunity to “tell their story” about their housing conditions and experiences. Finally, the letter included a toll-free 800 line for respondents to call for more information or to ask questions, and it indicated that a $25 incentive was provided for participation. A self-addressed stamped envelope (provided by NORC) and letter with a signature line was provided for the applicant to return to DHHL. NORC prepared the advance mailing materials and provided them in bulk to DHHL. NORC also worked with DHHL to customize a brochure about the survey that could be used for outreach. Then DHHL pasted address labels and mass-mailed the letters. This mass mailing preserved confidentiality and guarded against contact information being provided before release.

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

47 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

B4. Household Survey Data Tables

Exhibit B4.1. Household Composition

Exhibit B4.2. Household Structure

Exhibit B4.3. Sources of Income

Exhibit B4.4. Household Income

Exhibit B4.5. Discretionary Income

Exhibit B4.6. Housing Characteristics

Exhibit B4.7. Physical Problems

Exhibit B4.8. Satisfaction With Housing

Exhibit B4.9. Housing Subsidy

Exhibit B4.10. DHHL Assistance

Exhibit B4.11. Homeownership

Exhibit B4.12. Mortgages Denied

Exhibit B4.13. Barriers to Homeownership

Exhibit B4.14. Reasons for Leaving Home

Exhibit B4.15. Culturally Responsive Housing

Exhibit B4.16. Needed Services

Exhibit B4.17. Community Preferences

Exhibit B4.18. Community Features

Exhibit B4.19. DHHL Award

Exhibit B4.20. DHHL Award Plans

Exhibit B4.21. Preferred DHHL Property

Exhibit B4.22. Features for New Home

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

48 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.1 Household Composition

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Length of time spent in current residence 516 1 Less than 6 months 2.7 16 6 to 11 months 2.7 16 ± 0.6 1 to 2 years 12.7 67 ± 1.9 3 to 5 years 13.6 70 ± 2.3 More than 5 years 68.3 346 ± 4.7 Household composition 516 Elderly (family and nonfamily) + 17.4 91 2/0.4% ± 8.2 Family 55.1 286 2/0.4% ± 7.1 Elderly family++ 10.0 52 2/0.4% ± 6.4 Small family+++ 29.1 150 2/0.4% ± 1.6 Large family++++ 16.0 84 2/0.4% ± 0.4 Married with children 25.4 129 2/0.4% ± 0.4 Married with no children 21.1 109 2/0.4% ± 7.8 Female head with children 7.1 38 2/0.4% ± 1.3 Male head with children 1.4 9 2/0.4% ± 0.7 Other family and nonfamily+++++ 44.9 228 2/0.4% ± 7.1 Elderly 7.4 39 2/0.4% ± 1.9 Other 37.5 189 2/0.4% ± 8.9 Household size 516 2 1 [person] 9.0 43 ± 1.7 2 [people] 25.9 135 ± 6.9 3 [people] 13.6 70 ± 1.6 4 [people] 13.0 71 ± 2.4 5 [people] 13.1 68 ± 2.5 6 [people] 8.8 44 ± 0.2 7 [people] 7.9 36 ± 4.3 8 or more [people] 8.7 47 ± 5.1 Age of head of household 512 2 18 to 24 years * * 25 to 34 years 7.7 41 ± 1.1 35 to 44 years 12.8 66 ± 2.7 45 to 59 years 39.0 202 ± 1.4 60 to 74 years 29.5 150 ± 2.4 75 years or older 10.1 51 ± 1.6 Sample size 516

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

49 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.2. Household Structure

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Head of household employed 516 8 Yes 59.5 301 ± 6.5 No 40.5 207 ± 6.5 Head of household employed by age Heads of household age 18 to 59 years employed 75.9 236 0/0% ± 0.3 Heads of household age 60 years or older employed 42.3 59 5/3.3% ± 14.5 Household structure 516 2 Heads of household with both children and grandchildren living with them* 15.7 75 ± 1.9 Family members living in house Spouse 60.3 309 2/0.4% ± 1.6 Sibling 9.7 51 2/0.4% ± 3.7 Children 53.6 274 2/0.4% ± 5.7 Grandchildren 19.1 94 2/0.4% ± 1.3 Parents 10.4 58 2/0.4% ± 2.2 Grandparents 1.5 6 2/0.4% ± 0.2 Aunt/uncle * * Other 7.8 44 2/0.4% ± 3.1 Sample size 516

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

50 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.3. Sources of Income

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Sources of income during the past 12 months Wages or salary 80.3 408 12/2.3% ± 4.2 Commissions, bonuses, or tips 16.0 77 10/1.9% ± 3.0 Self-employment 21.7 103 6/1.2% ± 7.1 Interest payments, dividends, net rental income, royalty income, or income 15.2 78 12/2.3% 1.1 from estates and trusts related to personal investments- ± Social Security or Railroad Retirement 44.4 225 5/1% ± 4.9 Supplemental Security Income 13.2 71 16/3.1% ± 1.8 Public assistance, general assistance, TANF/welfare payments from the state or 19.5 103 4/0.8% 4.9 local welfare office ± Retirement, survivor, or disability pensions (SSDI) 38.6 196 12/2.3% ± 1.9 Work done inside or outside the home, such as childcare, making/selling of 10.8 53 6/1.2% 2.8 traditional craft items, cooking, car repair, carpentry ± Performance of traditional Native Hawaiian music or dance 6.9 35 6/1.2% ± 0.8 Veterans payments, unemployment compensation, child support, or alimony 12.2 68 6/1.2% ± 1.4 Educational benefits targeted to Native Hawaiians 8.0 41 8/1.6% ± 1.7 Other 6.9 28 101/19.6% ± 3.7 No sources of cash income Household relies on sources of nonmonetary support 516 13 Yes 12.8 51 ± 3.8 No 87.2 452 ± 3.8 Sources of nonmonetary support 51 3 Subsistence activities (fishing, hunting, farming, gathering) 42.3 21 0/0% ± 41.7 Exchanging/sharing of goods and services 34.2 17 0/0% ± 40.3 Food distribution/pantries 38.1 19 0/0% ± 32.3 Labor in exchange for room and board Other 10.6 7 0/0% ± 13.2 Sample size 516

SSDI = Social Security Disability Income. TANF = Temporary Assistance to Needy Families. Notes: Estimates are weighted to be representative of HHCA beneficiaries on the waiting list for housing on the Hawaiian home lands who would opt in via postcard. Sample sizes are unweighted. “n” refers to the total number of respondents asked the question. “n missing” refers to the number of respondents answering with “Don’t know” or “ Refused,” which are counted as missing and not included in the calculation of percentages. The confidence interval is computed at the 95-percent level. Source: 2014–2015 Urban Institute Household Survey of HHCA Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Hawaiian Home Lands

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

51 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.4. Household Income

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Amount of household income received last year 516 49 Less than $10,000 8.3 36 ± 2.1 $10,000 to 24,999 15.3 73 ± 5.0 $25,000 to 39,999 17.0 78 ± 5.2 $40,000 to 59,999 13.3 72 ± 2.1 $60,000 to 99,999 24.4 106 ± 3.3 $100,000 or more 21.7 102 ± 9.7 Median annual household income $ 52,531 467 Total amount paid to housing each month, including rent/mortgage/note 516 23 payment and all utilities Less than $100 1.0 6 ± 0.3 $100 to 499 15.1 68 ± 3.3 $500 to 999 18.4 92 ± 8.0 $1,000 to 1,499 16.7 82 ± 0.5 $1,500 to 2,499 24.3 128 ± 2.8 $2,500 or more 24.4 116 ± 14.1 No cash paid for rent/mortgage/utilities * * Median monthly housing payment $ 1,470 493 Sample size 516

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

52 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.5. Discretionary Income

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Amount of money left to spend on other things per month on average 516 41 Less than $100 10.9 52 ± 1.0 $100 to 499 32.7 150 ± 6.5 $500 to 999 18.2 86 ± 0.5 $1,000 to 1,499 12.2 61 ± 1.5 $1,500 to 2,499 9.6 43 ± 1.9 $2,500 or more 16.4 83 ± 4.5 Median monthly discretionary income $586 475 Sample size 516

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

53 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.6. Housing Characteristics

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Number of bedrooms 502 0 One 11.1 51 ± 0.8 Two 20.5 107 ± 4.9 Three 39.6 197 ± 10.2 Four 19.8 98 ± 0.7 Five or more 9.0 49 ± 5.1 Number of bathrooms 514 0 One 44.7 234 ± 3.6 Two 38.9 196 ± 1.7 Three 12.7 67 ± 2.2 Four or more 2.6 12 ± 0.6 Cooking characteristics 514 4 Has indoor cooking facilities 97.3 501 ± 2.7 Has outdoor cooking facilities 2.4 9 ± 2.4 Has no cooking facilities * * Cooking necessities Has stove or equivalent 95.8 481 0/0% ± 1.0 Has burners 42.0 210 3/0.6% ± 6.5 Has microwave 94.9 477 0/0% ± 4.7 Has refrigerator 97.5 502 3/0.6% ± 1.0 Has sink 98.2 506 2/0.4% ± 2.0 Fuel used for cooking 501 7 Electric cooking 71.0 365 ± 13.0 Gas cooking 28.8 128 ± 13.1 Kerosene cooking Coal cooking Wood cooking Other cooking * * * No fuel used

Notes: Estimates are weighted to be representative of HHCA beneficiaries on the waiting list for housing on the Hawaiian home lands who would opt in via postcard. Sample sizes are unweighted. “n” refers to the total number of respondents asked the question. “n missing” refers to the number of respondents answering with “Don’t know” or “ Refused,” which are counted as missing and not included in the calculation of percentages. The confidence interval is computed at the 95-percent level. * Value suppressed due to small cell size Notes: Estimates are weighted to be representative of HHCA beneficiaries on the waiting list for housing on the Hawaiian home lands who would opt in via postcard. Sample sizes are unweighted. “n” refers to the total number of respondents asked the question. “n missing” refers to the number of respondents answering with “Don’t know” or “ Refused,” which are counted as missing and not included in the calculation of percentages. The confidence interval is computed at the 95-percent level. a The standard kitchen deficiency measure has been altered by dropping whether the unit has built-in burners in working order, because responses indicated that the survey question may have been misinterpreted by respondents. Given this possible misinterpretation, the rate of incomplete kitchen facilities calculated may underestimate the true rate. Source: 2014–2015 Urban Institute Household Survey of HHCA Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Hawaiian Home Lands

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

54 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.6. Housing Characteristics (cont.)

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Electricity provider 513 7 Hawaiian Electric Company or another utility 95.8 489 ± 4.0 Another way 3.7 17 ± 3.6 Does not have electricity * * Electricity payment 489 2 Paid separately from rent 89.4 434 ± 2.3 Included in rent 10.6 53 ± 2.3 Electrical wiring 489 1 Wiring concealed 96.6 472 ± 0.9 Wiring not concealed or not covered 3.4 16 ± 0.9 No electrical wiring Safely contained in protective or metal or plastic coverings 97.2 462 13/2.7% ± 0.5 Working electrical outlet or wall plug in each room 96.2 470 1/0.2% ± 0.9 Fuses blown or circuit breakers tripped in the past 3 months 16.0 76 0/0% ± 2.4 Number of times 72 0 One time 38.0 31 ± 4.8 Two times 25.2 15 ± 4.6 Three times 19.0 13 ± 13.8 Four times Five times 11.2 7 ± 6.6 Six or more times 6.6 6 ± 3.0 Water supply 516 5 Public or private water system 95.4 490 ± 9.4 Stream or lake Water catchment Community well Other * * Hot and cold running water available 516 6 Yes 97.3 496 ± 3.4 No 2.7 14 ± 3.4

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

55 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.6. Housing Characteristics (cont.)

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Septic connected to a public sewer 516 38 Yes 70.1 338 ± 46.1 No 29.9 140 ± 46.1 Other sewage disposal 178 43 Septic tank 29.8 41 ± 15.9 Cesspool 64.3 87 ± 21.8 Chemical toilet Outhouse or privy Other * * None * * Interior condition Visible holes in the floor 3.5 16 6/1.2% ± 0.7 Holes or open cracks in walls or ceiling 13.7 68 6/1.2% ± 2.6 Peeling paint 24.5 122 5/1% ± 1.6 Signs of rats (or other vermin) 62.7 320 6/1.2% ± 4.5 Mold 15.4 76 12/2.3% ± 7.5 Sample size 516 Central heating 516 4 Has central heating 0.9 6 ± 0.3 Does not have central heating 99.1 506 ± 0.3 House/apartment cold for 24 hours or more such that household was 515 8 uncomfortable Yes 4.6 23 ± 3.3 No 95.4 484 ± 3.3 House/apartment was cold for reasons other than main heating equipment 32 13 breakdown Yes 42.4 7 ± 54.8 No 57.6 12 ± 54.8 House/apartment with central air-conditioning 516 2 Yes 6.3 32 ± 4.6

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

56 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.6. Housing Characteristics (cont.)

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) No 93.7 482 ± 4.6 Central air-conditioning usage 34 6 Daily 44.4 11 ± 1.3 During certain seasons 31.2 8 ± 7.3 Hardly ever 24.5 9 ± 6.0 House/apartment has room air-conditioners 516 3 Yes 35.8 191 ± 23.4 No 64.2 322 ± 23.4 Number of room air-conditioners 190 0 One 42.4 84 ± 10.3 Two 32.0 57 ± 6.3 Three 13.0 25 ± 2.1 Four 7.1 13 ± 0.6 Five or more 5.5 10 ± 1.0 Plumbing/kitchen deficiencies 516 Inadequate plumbing 9.6 47 2/0.4% ± 6.8 Inadequate kitchena 6.8 32 3/0.6% ± 1.4 Overall housing quality 516 41 Plumbing or kitchen deficiencya 15.3 70 ± 6.2 Other heating or electrical deficiency 4.6 21 ± 2.4 Other condition deficiency 11.7 55 ± 1.4 Other overcrowded 8.6 42 ± 4.4 Cost burden only 12.3 62 ± 2.9 No housing problem 47.5 225 ± 6.2 Overcrowding 516 9 Severe overcrowding (more than 1.5 persons per room) 13.3 66 ± 1.8 Moderate overcrowding (1 to 1.5 persons per room) 25.1 126 ± 1.9 No overcrowding 61.6 315 ± 3.7 Cost burden 516 55 Severe cost burden (costs 50 percent or more of income) 21.6 104 ± 4.0 Moderate cost burden (costs between 30 and 50 percent of income) 24.4 112 ± 3.0 No cost burden 54.0 245 ± 1.9 Sample size 516

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

57 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.7. Physical Problems

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Physical problems of housing related to— Maintenance and upkeep 33.5 106 0/0% ± 1.4 Age of the housing unit 25.4 80 0/0% ± 6.9 Size of the housing unit 12.4 45 0/0% ± 3.8 Mold 9.9 30 0/0% ± 6.4 Pests 12.6 34 0/0% ± 3.0 Floors 5.5 15 0/0% ± 2.6 Roofs 10.9 33 0/0% ± 1.2 Sample size 516

Exhibit B4.8. Satisfaction With Housing

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Satisfaction with current housing 516 1 Very satisfied 46.9 244 ± 2.6 Somewhat satisfied 26.9 138 ± 1.5 Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 18.4 92 ± 0.6 Somewhat dissatisfied 3.4 19 ± 2.3 Very dissatisfied 4.4 22 ± 1.7 Overall physical condition 516 18 Unacceptable 11.0 52 ± 1.0 Acceptable 54.1 277 ± 2.0 Excellent 35.0 169 ± 1.6 Sample size 516

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

58 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.9. Housing Subsidy

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Household has lived in a housing unit where the rent was subsidized by the 516 24 local public housing authority or another public entity other than DHHL Yes 22.0 111 ± 4.0 No 78.0 381 ± 4.0 Quality of subsidized unit 112 At least as good as my former residence 74.2 65 23/20.5% ± 13.4 Much better than my former residence 63.7 54 21/18.8% ± 11.3 Not as good as my former residence 36.8 35 22/19.6% ± 14.1 Sample size 516

DHHL = Department of Hawaiian Home Lands. Notes: Estimates are weighted to be representative of HHCA beneficiaries on the waiting list for housing on the Hawaiian home lands who would opt in via postcard. Sample sizes are unweighted. “n” refers to the total number of respondents asked the question. “n missing” refers to the number of respondents answering with “Don’t know” or “ Refused,” which are counted as missing and not included in the calculation of percentages. The confidence interval is computed at the 95-percent level. Source: 2014–2015 Urban Institute Household Survey of HHCA Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Hawaiian Home Lands.

Exhibit B4.10. DHHL Assistance

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Household has met with someone from the DHHL Home Ownership 516 30 Assistance Program Yes 14.0 73 ± 3.1 No 86.1 413 ± 3.1 Quality of the service received from the DHHL Home Ownership Assistance 73 2 Program Poor 18.1 10 ± 28.9 Fair 17.0 12 ± 6.1 Good 40.4 32 ± 0.0 Excellent 24.5 17 ± 6.7 Sample size 516

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

59 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.11. Homeownership

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Owns home or is purchasing a home through rent-to-own or similar 516 7 arrangement Buying home or apartment with rent-to-own or similar plan 1.3 7 ± 0.7 Owns own home 42.2 215 ± 6.0 Neither 56.5 287 ± 6.7 Lives in a home that was built or subsidized by HUD, DHHL, or some other 222 9 government agency Yes 14.3 32 ± 1.4 No 85.7 181 ± 1.4 Currently has a mortgage on property 222 2 Yes 74.3 160 ± 13.4 No 25.7 60 ± 13.4 Sample size 516

DHHL = Department of Hawaiian Home Lands. HUD = U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Notes: Estimates are weighted to be representative of HHCA beneficiaries on the waiting list for housing on the Hawaiian home lands who would opt in via postcard. Sample sizes are unweighted. “n” refers to the total number of respondents asked the question. “n missing” refers to the number of respondents answering with “Don’t know” or “ Refused,” which are counted as missing and not included in the calculation of percentages. The confidence interval is computed at the 95-percent level. Source: 2014–2015 Urban Institute Household Survey of HHCA Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Hawaiian Home Lands.

Exhibit B4.12. Mortgages Denied

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Renters have had mortgage applications denied 294 4 Yes 15.2 40 ± 5.5 No 84.8 250 ± 5.5 Reasons Native Hawaiian renters have had mortgage applications denied 40 Do not have a sufficient down payment 37.8 14 2/5% ± 4.9 Do not make enough money to pay the mortgage 37.3 14 2/5% ± 12.4 Do not have a job 14.7 6 2/5% ± 15.0 Do not have a long/good job history 14.7 6 2/5% ± 15.0 Credit score is too low/do not have a credit history 71.9 25 2/5% ± 13.5 Have too much debt (credit cards, student loans, medical/healthcare costs) 35.2 13 2/5% ± 7.5 Have issues about the title to the land or property rights * * Experience perceived discrimination based on Native Hawaiian status * * Other 19.6 7 2/5% ± 12.8 Sample size 516

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

60 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.13. Barriers to Homeownership

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Reasons a native Hawaiian renter who would prefer to own has been unable 516 to attain that goal Cannot save enough for a house/cannot afford downpayment 62.9 240 133/25.8% ± 4.4 Cannot afford the monthly mortgage payment 7.0 26 133/25.8% ± 1.4 Cannot find a mortgage lender in the area 23.4 90 133/25.8% ± 9.5 Cannot resolve land rights (property rights) 5.3 26 0/0% ± 0.9 Does not have collateral to get a loan because my land is held in trust 12.0 45 133/25.8% ± 2.1 Does not have a job 21.3 84 133/25.8% ± 2.5 Does not have a long/good job history 13.6 55 133/25.8% ± 9.0 Has a credit score that is too low/does not have a credit history 41.4 157 133/25.8% ± 4.7 Has too much debt (credit cards, student loans, medical/healthcare costs) 36.4 138 133/25.8% ± 3.6 No housing available in a location where renter wants to live 42.1 161 133/25.8% ± 3.2 No affordable housing in renter’s area 43.1 163 133/25.8% ± 1.8 No houses are available for sale or being built that are suitable for renter/ 31.1 122 133/25.8% 2.0 renter’s family ± Does not know how to buy a home/unfamiliar with loan application process, 31.9 117 133/25.8% 2.1 lending terms, or real estate transactions ± Perceives that lenders are more likely to deny applications from Native Hawaiian 22.7 84 133/25.8% ± 3.1 Sample size 516

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

61 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.14. Reasons for Leaving Home

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Circumstances that cause households to leave their homes, for those

expecting to leave Owners 222 Cannot afford mortgage 5.3 8 9/4.1% ± 6.5 Home is in foreclosure * * None of the above 94.7 205 9/4.1% ± 6.5 Renters 294 ± 0.0 Expect eviction in the next 60 days 2.2 6 15/5.1% ± 0.9 Asked to move because behind on payments * * Will be asked to leave so someone else can move in * * ± 0.5 Will have to leave home in the next 60 days because residence will be * * demolished None of the above 96.7 269 15/5.1% ± 2.0 Sample size 516

Exhibit B4.15. Culturally Responsive Housing

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Households that said the following features support Hawaiian cultural

values and practices Exterior appearance 64.8 305 40/7.8% ± 4.6 Architectural design 32.7 149 60/11.6% ± 1.9 Floor plan 40.2 179 74/14.3% ± 5.3 Number and type of rooms 55.3 261 36/7% ± 1.9 Structurally conducive to climate 68.1 322 36/7% ± 8.2 Storage for communal supplies 48.9 244 31/6% ± 2.9 Parking for (extended family) 59.2 301 18/3.5% ± 8.2 Land to grow Hawaiian plants, fruits, and flowers 61.4 311 14/2.7% ± 14.2 Household preferences for features that reflect or take into account

traditional Native Hawaiian values or traditions Extremely important 37.2 156 3/0.7% ± 2.4 Important, but not the decisive factor 33.6 136 3/0.7% ± 2.3 A nice added value if attainable 29.1 115 3/0.7% ± 1.2 Sample size 516

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

62 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.16. Needed Services

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Services or amenities most needed in community Grocery store (small/large market/supermarket)—a store with a full range of 60.1 304 15/2.9% 13.6 fresh and frozen products ± Medical/healthcare services/health clinic 49.7 251 15/2.9% ± 2.0 Gas station 35.6 177 15/2.9% ± 6.7 Emergency medical services 30.4 149 15/2.9% ± 2.6 Fire station 27.0 137 15/2.9% ± 0.7 Sample size 516

Exhibit B4.17. Community Preferences

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Reasons for living in a particular community by importance Makes it easy to be an active member in the community Very important 24.0 119 14/2.7% ± 6.2 Important 48.3 240 14/2.7% ± 6.8 Not important 26.3 136 14/2.7% ± 2.4 Family and friends are there Very important 24.6 123 7/1.4% ± 6.2 Important 38.0 192 7/1.4% ± 4.2 Not important 35.5 185 7/1.4% ± 5.5 Has always lived there Very important 34.2 175 19/3.7% ± 5.3 Important 32.7 157 19/3.7% ± 2.7 Not important 25.6 129 19/3.7% ± 2.3 Historic ties to community Very important 35.0 169 13/2.5% ± 12.6 Important 36.8 187 13/2.5% ± 6.0 Not important 24.4 130 13/2.5% ± 1.7 Avoiding discrimination/harassment Very important 25.6 132 23/4.5% ± 1.5 Important 28.3 136 23/4.5% ± 2.9 Not important 40.5 201 23/4.5% ± 12.5 Family and friends living on homestead Very important 27.0 141 3/0.6% ± 6.5 Important 41.8 203 3/0.6% ± 3.7 Not important 28.8 156 3/0.6% ± 2.3

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

63 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.17. Community Preferences (cont.)

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Access to job or business opportunity Very important 17.3 89 6/1.2% ± 4.2 Important 37.5 187 6/1.2% ± 2.3 Not important 41.5 217 6/1.2% ± 5.8 Access to healthcare Very important 11.5 59 3/0.6% ± 3.1 Important 34.9 182 3/0.6% ± 1.2 Not important 51.6 262 3/0.6% ± 2.2 Access to educational facilities and resources Very important 12.4 63 4/0.8% ± 5.2 Important 35.8 180 4/0.8% ± 1.1 Not important 50.0 261 4/0.8% ± 2.5 Access to other government subsidies/assistance Very important 26.6 134 7/1.4% ± 8.5 Important 42.9 222 7/1.4% ± 7.2 Not important 28.1 140 7/1.4% ± 1.8 Beneficial assistance from DHHL Very important 18.2 86 17/3.3% ± 4.2 Important 32.8 169 17/3.3% ± 9.3 Not important 47.4 237 17/3.3% ± 8.6 Good location to raise a family Very important 6.7 30 3/0.6% ± 0.8 Important 19.3 102 3/0.6% ± 0.7 Not important 73.0 376 3/0.6% ± 2.4 Good location for retirement Very important 9.1 43 4/0.8% ± 0.6 Important 27.2 149 4/0.8% ± 1.8 Not important 63.4 318 4/0.8% ± 2.5 Easier to practice Native Hawaiian culture Very important 13.8 72 6/1.2% ± 2.7 Important 41.1 204 6/1.2% ± 2.2 Not important 44.6 231 6/1.2% ± 3.8 Other * * Sample size 516

DHHL = Department of Hawaiian Home Lands. Notes: Estimates are weighted to be representative of HHCA beneficiaries on the waiting list for housing on the Hawaiian home lands who would opt in via postcard. Sample sizes are unweighted. “n” refers to the total number of respondents asked the question. “n missing” refers to the number of respondents answering with “Don’t know” or “ Refused,” which are counted as missing and not included in the calculation of percentages. The confidence interval is computed at the 95-percent level. * Value suppressed due to small cell size Source: 2014–2015 Urban Institute Household Survey of HHCA Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Hawaiian Home Lands

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

64 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.18. Community Features

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Features a Native Hawaiian household is looking for in a new community 516 Access to jobs or business opportunities 66.7 345 4/0.8% ± 0.7 Ease of accessing services (childcare, job training, shopping, recreation) 72.2 373 4/0.8% ± 1.8 Better access to health care 68.9 363 4/0.8% ± 2.3 Better choice of schools for children 66.7 347 4/0.8% ± 6.4 Better access to state colleges 45.8 237 4/0.8% ± 6.8 Quieter environment 59.6 305 4/0.8% ± 7.1 More affordable housing 79.8 411 4/0.8% ± 1.3 Better supply of available housing 61.4 322 4/0.8% ± 9.3 Good housing quality 82.6 424 4/0.8% ± 8.3 Easier to obtain a mortgage 70.3 364 4/0.8% ± 3.2 Less crime and fewer safety concerns 79.9 409 4/0.8% ± 6.7 Less gang activity 72.0 366 4/0.8% ± 11.4 Less prevalence of domestic violence 69.8 355 4/0.8% ± 5.5 Less presence of alcohol/drug use 70.0 363 4/0.8% ± 7.3 Access to public transportation 69.4 361 4/0.8% ± 7.3 Close-knit community environment 69.1 364 4/0.8% ± 1.1 Opportunity to grow things 82.0 424 4/0.8% ± 1.5 Other 4.3 24 4/0.8% ± 2.5 Sample size 516

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

65 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.19. DHHL Award

Estimate n n missing Confidence Interval (%) Received an offer for a lease award from DHHL 516 8 Yes 54.7 269 ± 5.5 No 45.3 239 ± 5.5

Number of times offered an award 269 3 One to five times 65.3 178 ± 19.8 More than five times 34.7 88 ± 19.8

Reason award not accepted 269 72 Did not like the location 46.3 91 ± 5.3 Could not relocate 10.7 25 ± 3.2 Thought they would not qualify for loan 31.6 59 ± 8.7 Applied for loan and did not qualify 7.5 14 ± 1.8 All the leases were awarded before name was called 3.9 8 ± 1.2 Sample size 516

Exhibit B4.20. DHHL Award Plans

Estimate N n missing Confidence Interval (%) Obtaining a homestead lease 516 8 Yes, this has been a long-term goal 90.4 462 ± 4.5 No, this has not been a long-term goal 9.6 46 ± 4.5

Amount of time needed to be ready to begin occupancy in a homestead 516 76 lease Within the next 2 years 63.4 275 ± 1.6 In 2 to 5 years 25.3 109 ± 0.9 In 5 to 10 years 8.2 41 ± 1.7 In more than 10 years 3.0 15 ± 0.1 Sample size 516

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

66 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.21. Preferred DHHL Property

Estimate N n missing Confidence Interval (%) Preferred type of property 516 14 First preference Improved lot with no house 21.6 106 ± 13.4 Improved lot with existing house 13.1 65 ± 3.3 Improved lot with new house 60.0 304 ± 17.4 Townhouse or duplex 2.0 9 ± 0.8 Apartment/condominium 3.4 18 ± 0.3 Second preference Improved lot with no house 16.8 81 26/5% ± 3.1 Improved lot with existing house 45.5 229 26/5% ± 2.6 Improved lot with new house 23.2 110 26/5% ± 11.1 Townhouse or duplex 10.7 52 26/5% ± 4.8 Apartment/ condominium 3.7 18 26/5% ± 1.3 Third preference Improved lot with no house 33.1 145 72/14% ± 3.3 Improved lot with existing house 28.3 122 72/14% ± 2.1 Improved lot with new house 10.5 50 72/14% ± 1.8 Townhouse or duplex 17.7 78 72/14% ± 5.1 Apartment/ condominium 10.5 49 72/14% ± 0.3 Fourth preference Improved lot with no house 14.0 40 206/39.9% ± 2.8 Improved lot with existing house 11.3 36 206/39.9% ± 0.7 Improved lot with new house 3.5 10 206/39.9% ± 0.9 Townhouse or duplex 50.3 157 206/39.9% ± 2.4 Apartment/ condominium 20.9 67 206/39.9% ± 0.7 Willing to accept a townhouse or multiplex unit rather than a single-family 516 46 unit if would receive home faster Yes 49.4609 218 ± 6.7 No 50.5391 252 ± 6.7 Willing to accept a homestead lease if in a less desirable location if would 516 52 receive lease faster Yes 40.3462 185 ± 1.5 No 59.6538 279 ± 1.5 Sample size 516

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

67 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

Exhibit B4.22. Features for New Home

Estimate N n missing Confidence Interval (%) Looking to move 516 15 Yes 41.4 209 ± 0.1 No 58.6 292 ±0.1

Among those looking to move—overall satisfaction with housing 209 1 Dissatisfied 11.9 26 ± 2.8 Not dissatisfied 88.1 182 ± 2.8

Among those looking to move—currently in overcrowded housing 209 6 Yes 19.2 40 ± 3.2 No 80.8 163 ± 3.2

Top three features desired in new home* More indoor space 18.6 101 0/0% ± 1.3 A specific number of bedrooms and/or bathrooms 18.6 95 0/0% ± 3.1 A home with a yard and/or patio 14.2 75 0/0% ± 3.4 Sample size 516

* Open ended. Notes: Estimates are weighted to be representative of HHCA beneficiaries on the waiting list for housing on the Hawaiian home lands who would opt in via postcard. Sample sizes are unweighted. “n” refers to the total number of respondents asked the question. “n missing” refers to the number of respondents answering with “Don’t know” or “ Refused,” which are counted as missing and not included in the calculation of percentages. The confidence interval is computed at the 95-percent level. Source: 2014–2015 Urban Institute Household Survey of HHCA Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Hawaiian Home Lands

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

68 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

B5. Native Hawaiian Household Survey Instrument B5. Native Hawaiian Household Survey Instrument

OMB Number: 2528-0288 Expiration Date: 02/28/2017

Assessment of Native Hawaiian Housing Needs

Household Survey: In-Person Interview

Field Interviewer Name:

Field Interview ID #:

Interview Date:

Start Time: AM PM

Finish Time: AM PM

PUT IN ANY INFORMATION RECEIVED FROM DHHL THAT IS PERTINENT TO THE INTERVIEW.

Affix Survey Case ID label here

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 130 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

69 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

RESPONDENT SCREENER

INITIAL PHONE ATTEMPT INITIAL PHONE CALL – INTERVIEWER READ: Aloha, my name is [NAME OF INTERVIEWER] from NORC at the University of Chicago. I am calling to speak with [NAME OF RESPONDENT]. Is [NAME OF RESPONDENT] available?

IF YES: Recently you provided your approval to the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands to take part in a U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) study – The Assessment of Native Hawaiian Housing Needs. Mahalo [or thank you] for agreeing to participate in this important survey. This is an important survey for Native Hawaiians in that it will describe the housing needs of the Native Hawaiian population and help to inform policy and program development to address these needs. You will receive a $25 CASH GIFT as a token of appreciation for participating in the survey. I am calling to see if you have any questions and to set up an appointment for the interview. (INTERVIEWER, ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS. RECORD APPOINTMENT IN CALL RECORDS)

IF NO: When would be a good time to call [name of respondent]? INTERVIEWER, RECORD TIME IN CALL RECORDS) INITIAL IN-PERSON ATTEMPT INITIAL IN-PERSON VISIT – INTERVIEWER READ: Aloha, my name is [NAME OF INTERVIEWER] from NORC at the University of Chicago. I am here to speak with [NAME OF RESPONDENT].

IF YES: Recently you provided your approval to the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands to take part in a U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) study – The Assessment of Native Hawaiian Housing Needs. I have been unable to reach you by phone so I am stopping by to see you if have any questions about the project and if we could set an appointment for the interview. Please give me the best number where you can be reached. (INTERVIEWER, ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS. RECORD APPOINTMENT IN CALL RECORDS)

INFORMED CONSENT

As you may have learned from the [ADVANCE LETTER SENT/MATERIALS SHARED/DHHL LETTERS/COMMUNITY PRESENTATION HELD], this survey is conducted to help understand the housing needs of Native Hawaiian families. It is sponsored by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (a federal agency), supported by the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands (DHHL), and being conducted across the country to assess Native American, Native Hawaiian and Alaska Native housing needs. You have been selected because of your status as a Native Hawaiian waiting list applicant.

Your participation is very important to the success of this survey and will in no way affect your status on the list. This survey is voluntary, which means that you don’t have to participate and you can decide not to answer any specific questions. You also may end the interview at any point. You will receive a $25 CASH GIFT as a token of appreciation for participating in the survey. The interview will take about 50 minutes.

The information you provide will be confidential, and will not be shared with anyone except for research staff working on the study. This includes anything that can identify you such as your name, address, or telephone number. Everyone who works on this survey has signed a legal document stating they will not reveal any of your personal information and can be severely penalized if they do. At no time will this information be used for enforcement purposes.

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS:131 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

70 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

The survey will ask you about how many people currently live in your household, the features of the housing unit you currently live in (such as the number of rooms and electricity), your preferences for an ideal housing unit, your thoughts on homeownership and renting, your attitudes about DHHL-assisted housing, your reasons for applying for a Hawaiian home lands homestead lease, and the costs of housing. Finally, at the end of the interview I will assess the exterior condition of the housing unit, such as whether repairs are needed and things like that. As part of the study, we gather observational data about where respondents live.

The information you provide will be helpful to improve housing in the Native Hawaiian community. The information that you provide will be kept private. You will not be quoted by name and no names will be included in the summary reports. A report will produced when the study is over and be made available to Congressional members, HUD, DHHL, as well as the public. The report will describe the housing needs of the Native Hawaiian population and will help to inform policy and program development to address these needs. It will summarize the findings, without giving names or other information that would identify you in any way.

If you have questions about your rights as a survey participant, please call the IRB Human Subjects Protection hotline, toll-free, at (866) 309-0542. You may also email [email protected] or visit www.norc.org.

Do I have your permission to begin the interview? q IF YES, Let’s begin. q IF NO, ASK: Are there any questions I could answer at this time or is there a better time to talk?

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 132 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

REASONS FOR MOVING - LAST FIVE YEARS: (HAND RESPONDENT SHOWCARD 1)

1. 2 My (our) new housing is (was) the same size and quality but is (was) more affordable. 3.. I (we) needed to move to a place that was more affordable.4. 5. It was more affordable for me to live with relatives. 6. It was more affordable for me to live with non-relatives. 7. The former residence became unavailable so I (we) had to move. 8. I (we) were able to purchase a new residence. 9. I (we) were not able to keep up mortgage payments on a house we had so we had to move. 10. The rent on the former residence was raised to a level I (we) could not afford to stay. 11. I (or my spouse) changed jobs so we had to move. 12. There was an opportunity to live in a household with relatives (children, parents, grandparents, etc...) 13. There was a need for more space in the residence (bedrooms, kitchen space, etc...) I thought I (we) needed to live in a smaller residence. 14. I (we) wanted to live in a neighborhood that was closer to important services (stores, playgrounds, schools, health facilities etc...) I (we) wanted to live in a neighborhood that we felt was safer.

133

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

72 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

A. HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION Let's start the interview. First, I will be asking you how long you have lived here and who currently lives in your household.

A1 To begin, can you tell me how long you have lived here? _____ Years _____ Months _____ Weeks (IF MORE THAN 5 YEARS SKIP TO A3)

+ A2 Thinking about where you lived five years ago, that would be (MONTH of YEAR, where did you live? If it was within this city or state you can just give me the street name or city name.

When did you move from (place in line 1)? Where did you move to? HAND RESPONDENT SHOWCARD 1 AND REFER TO LIST ABOVE ON PAGE 5. What is the reason you moved from (PLACE) to (CITY/STREET)? For most of the time, how many people lived at (CITY/STREET)?

INTERVIEWER: CONTINUE FILLING OUT CHART UNTIL THE RESPONDENT LISTS THE CURRENT RESIDENCE.

Month Year Reason moved moved for # of people Street/City out out moving in HH 1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8

9 10

134

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

73 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

A3 How many people, including yourself, are _____ Number of People currently living in this household? Include people q DON’T KNOW related to you and people not related to you. q REFUSED

A4 Next I will be asking you about yourself and the people that live in this household. (CODE GENDER IF OBVIOUS) How old were you on your last birthday? Are you employed?

A4a. Do you have a spouse or partner living in the household?

IF YES: What is his/her first name or initial? What is (name/initial) relationship to you? Is (name/initial) male or female? How old is (name/initial)?

IF OVER 18 YEARS OF AGE: Is (name/initial) employed? How long has (name/initial) lived in this household? Will (name/initial) be moving to the new homestead with you?

A4b. Do you have any adult relatives living in this household? IF YES: ASK SAME SET OF QUESTIONS AS IN A4a.

A4c. Do you have any adult non-relatives living in this household? IF YES: ASK SAME SET OF QUESTIONS AS IN A4a.

A4d. Are there any children, related or non-related, living in this household? IF YES: ASK SAME SET OF QUESTIONS AS IN A4a.

A4f. Does anyone else live in this household? IF YES: ASK SAME SET OF QUESTIONS AS IN A4a.

NAME/INITIAL RELATIONS GENDE AG EMPLOY HOW MOVING HIP R E ED LONG TO NEW (Yes/No) LIVING IN HOMESTEA HOUSEHO D LD 1 SELF (QA1) NA 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2

A5 Have (you/you or your spouse) ever served in the q YES – RESPONDENT SERVED military? q YES – SPOUSE SERVED q YES – BOTH SERVED

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS:135 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

74 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

q NO q DON’T KNOW q REFUSED

A6 Have you ever received an offer for a lease award q YES from DHHL? q NO (SKIP TO A9) q REFUSED (SKIP TO A9) q DON’T KNOW (SKIP TO A9)

A7 How many times have you been offered an award? q 1-5 times q More than 5 times q DON’T KNOW q REFUSED

A8 What is the primary reason you did not accept the q I did not like the location of the offered award? lease award(s) q I could not relocate to the location of the offered lease award(s) q I did not think I could qualify for a loan q I applied for a loan and did not qualify q I was interested in the lease award, but the leases were all awarded before my name was called q DON’T KNOW q REFUSED

A9 Was entering your name on the DHHL wait list and q YES obtaining a homestead lease a long term goal of q NO yours/or your family? q DON’T KNOW q REFUSED

A10 Given your current financial, employment, and family q Within the next two years situation, how soon do you feel you will be ready to q In two to five years receive a homestead lease and begin occupancy? q In five to ten years q In more than ten years q DON’T KNOW q REFUSED

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 136 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

75 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

A11 What is your preferred type of property? □ a. Improved lot with no house □ b. Improved lot with existing house …What is your second preferred type of □ c. Improved lot with new house property? [READ REMAINING OPTIONS IF □ d. Townhouse or duplex NECESSARY] □ e. Apartment/condo

…What is your third preferred type of property?

…What is your fourth preferred type of property?

INTERVIEWER: WRITE NUMBERS INTO THE BOXES ACCORDING TO HOW THE RESPONDENT RANKS THE PROPERTIES, WITH 1 BEING MOST PREFERRED.

DRAW X’s INTO BOXES THAT THE RESPONDENT STATES NOT PREFERRING AT ALL.

A12 If it meant you could get a home faster or with q Yes less cost, would you be willing to accept a q No townhouse or multiplex unit rather than a single q REFUSED family unit? q DON’T KNOW

A13 If it meant you could get a home faster or with q Yes less cost, would you be willing to accept a q No homestead lease in a less desirable location? q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW A14 Are you currently/ actively looking to move? q Yes (GO TO A15) q No (SKIP TO NEXT SECTION, B1)

A15 What are the three top features you are looking for in your new home? a. ______

b. ______

c. ______

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 137 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

76 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

B. HOUSING UNIT CHARACTERISTICS AND CONDITIONS INTERVIEWER READ: Now I would like to ask some questions about the house/apartment that you live in to get a better understanding about the features of this unit. I will ask you some questions about the rooms, cooking and food storage, electricity, heat, air conditioning, water, and septic systems.

TYPE AND NUMBER OF ROOMS

B1 How many rooms are there in this house/apartment, not counting bathrooms and # rooms ______hallways?

B2 BEDRMS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 How many bedrooms are there in your ENTER 10 FOR 10 OR MORE house/apartment?

B3 Are any other rooms in your house/apartment q Yes (ASK B3a below) used at night for people to sleep in? q No q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

B3a. IF YES: Which rooms? a. ______

b. ______

c. ______

B4 BATHS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 How many full bathrooms?

A full bathroom includes a toilet, sink, bathtub ENTER 10 FOR 10 OR MORE and/or shower.

B5 HALFB 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 How many half bathrooms? ENTER 10 FOR 10 OR MORE A half bathroom includes a toilet and sink.

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 138 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

77 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

COOKING AND FOOD STORAGE

B6 Are your main cooking facilities inside this unit q Inside unit or outside? q Outside unit q No cooking facilities

IF ‘OUTSIDE UNIT’ OR ‘NO COOKING FACILITIES’, SKIP TO B11.

B7 COOKQ q Yes q No Does your house/apartment have some type of q REFUSED cooking stove, or a range with an oven—one q DON’T KNOW that is in working order?

B8 BURNERQ q Yes q No Does your house/apartment have any built-in q REFUSED cooking burners that are in working order? q DON’T KNOW

B9 OVENQ q Yes q No Does your house/apartment have a microwave q REFUSED oven that is in working order? q DON’T KNOW

B10 CFUELQ q Electricity q Gas or liquid propane What fuel is used MOST for cooking— q Kerosene or other liquid fuel electricity, gas, or something else? q Coal or coke q Wood MARK ONLY ONE OPTION q Other (SPECIFY): ______q No fuel used

B11 REFQ q Yes q No Does your house/apartment have a refrigerator q REFUSED that is in working order? q DON’T KNOW

B12 SINKQ q Yes q No Does your house/apartment have a kitchen q REFUSED sink? q DON’T KNOW

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 139 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

78 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

ELECTRICITY

B13 Does Hawaiian Electric Company or another q Hawaiian Electric Company or another utility provide your house with electricity or do utility you receive your electricity another way (such q Another way (SKIP TO B15) as a generator, or an extension cord to q Don’t have electricity (SKIP TO B21) q someone else’s house)? DON’T KNOW q REFUSED

B14 BUYE2 q Yes q No, included in rent, condo fee or other Do you pay separately for electricity? charges.

SKIP TO B16

B15 How do you obtain electricity? q By extension cord from another source q Through a generator q Propane Gas q Solar Panels q Other (SPECIFY): ______

SKIP TO HEATING SECTION, B21

B16 NOWIRE1Q q Yes, wiring concealed q No, wiring not concealed or not covered Is all the electrical wiring in the finished areas q No electrical wiring of your house/apartment concealed in the walls?

B17 NOWIRE1Q q Yes q No Is the electrical wiring safely contained in q REFUSED protective or metal or plastic coverings? q DON’T KNOW

(EXCLUDE APPLIANCE CORDS, EXTENSION CORDS, CHANDELIER CORDS, PHONE, ANTENNA, CABLE TV WIRES, ETC.)

B18 PLUG SV q Yes q No Does every room have an electrical outlet or q REFUSED wall plug that works? q DON’T KNOW

B19 IFBLOW q Yes q No (SKIP TO B21) Have any fuses blown or circuit breakers q REFUSED tripped in the past three months? q DON’T KNOW

B20 NUMBLOW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 140 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

79 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

How many times? ENTER 8 FOR 8 OR MORE

HEAT

B21 Do you have a central heating q Yes system? q No (SKIP TO B23) q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

B22 How often does your household use q Daily the heating system? Is it daily, during q During certain seasons certain seasons or hardly ever? q Hardly ever

SKIP TO B24

B23 Do you or anyone else in the q Yes household think there is a need for a q No central heating system? q DON’T KNOW q REFUSED

SKIP TO B29

B24 HEQUIP q Forced warm-air furnace with ducts and vents to individual rooms MAIN HEATING EQUIPMENT q Steam or hot water system with radiators OR other system using steam or hot water HAND RESPONDENT SHOWCARD q Electric heat pump 2. q Built-in electric baseboard heating or electric coils in floors, ceilings, or walls What is the main source of heat for q Floor, wall, or other pipeless furnace built into the this unit? building q VENTED room heaters burning kerosene, gas, or MARK ONLY ONE OPTION oil q UNVENTED room heaters burning kerosene, gas, or oil q Portable electric heaters q Wood burning stove, pot belly stove, Franklin stove q Fireplace WITH inserts q Fireplace WITHOUT inserts q Other heating equipment q No heating equipment (SKIP TO B29) q Cooking stove (gas or electric) q Not applicable (SPECIFY) ______(SKIP TO B30)

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 141 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

80 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

B25 HFUELA q Electricity q Gas or liquid propane What fuel is used MOST for heating q Kerosene or other liquid fuel your house/apartment? q Coal or coke q Wood MARK ONLY ONE OPTION q Solar energy q Other (SPECIFY): ______q None

B26 HCENTA q Yes q No (SKIP TO B34) Sometimes people have more than q REFUSED one type of heating equipment in q DON’T KNOW their house/apartment. Turning first to questions about your MAIN

heating equipment: Is your heating equipment designed to send heat to all or most of the rooms?

B27 HCENTB q Forced air through ducts and vents q Steam or hot water through radiators or pipes How does it send heat to the rooms? q Electric coils inside the floors, ceilings or walls q Some other way

B28 HAND RESPONDENT SHOWCARD q Forced warm-air furnace with ducts and vents to 3. individual rooms q Steam or hot water system with radiators OR What is the secondary source of other system using steam or hot water heating for your house/apartment? q Electric heat pump q Built-in electric baseboard heating or electric coils MARK ONLY ONE OPTION in floors, ceilings, or walls q Floor, wall, or other pipeless furnace built into the building q VENTED room heaters burning kerosene, gas, or oil q UNVENTED room heaters burning kerosene, gas, or oil q Portable electric heaters q Wood burning stove, pot belly stove, Franklin stove q Fireplace WITH inserts q Fireplace WITHOUT inserts q Other heating equipment q No heating equipment q Cooking stove (gas or electric) q Not applicable q Do not have secondary source of heating

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 142 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

81 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

The next series of questions are about problems that some people have experienced with their homes. We are interested if you have experienced these types of problems too.

B29 FREEZEQ q Yes q No (SKIP TO B34) Last winter for any reason was your q REFUSED house/apartment so cold for 24 hours q DON’T KNOW or more that you were uncomfortable?

B30 IFCOLD q Yes q No (SKIP TO B32) Was that because the MAIN heating q DON’T HAVE HEATING EQUIPMENT (SKIP TO equipment broke down? B34) q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

B31 NUMCOLD 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

How many times did the MAIN ENTER 8 FOR 8 OR MORE heating equipment break down for 6 hours or more last winter?

B32 OTHCOLD q Yes q No (SKIP TO B34) Was it cold for any other reason? q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

B33 OTHCOLD ENTER ALL THAT APPLY:

What was the reason? q Utility interruption q Inadequate heating supply q Inadequate insulation q Cost of heating q Other (SPECIFY): ______

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 143 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

82 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

AIR CONDITIONING

B34 AIRSYS q Yes q No (SKIP TO B40) I would like to ask about air conditioning. q DON”T KNOW/REFUSED Does this housing unit have central air conditioning?

B35 Does a heat pump/heating equipment q Yes provide air conditioning for this home? q No q DON’T KNOW q REFUSED

B36 AFUEL q Electricity q Gas/LP Gas What type of fuel is used for the central air Other (SPECIFY) ______conditioning?

B37 OARSYS q Yes q No (SKIP TO B39) Besides the heat pump/heating equipment q DON’T KNOW does this home have another central air q REFUSED conditioning system?

B38 AFUEL q Electricity q Gas/LP Gas What type of fuel is used for the other q Other (SPECIFY) ______central air conditioning?

B39 How often do you use the central air q Daily conditioning? Is it daily, during certain q During certain seasons seasons or hardly ever? q Hardly ever

B40 AIR q Yes q No (SKIP TO B42) Does this unit have any room air q DON’T KNOW (SKIP TO B42) conditioners? q REFUSED (SKIP TO B42)

B41 How many room air conditioners does this q 1 unit have? q 2 q 3 q 4 q 5 q 6 q SIX OR MORE ENTER NUMBER ______

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 144 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

83 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

WATER

We would like to know about the primary source of water that you use.

B42 WATERQ q Public or private water system (includes city water) Does most of the water for your q Individual well house/apartment come from a water q Spring system, either public or private, from an q Cistern individual well, or from some other q Stream or lake source? q Commercial bottled water q Watcher catchment (i.e. rain barrel) MARK ONLY ONE OPTION q Community well q Swimming pool q Other (SPECIFY): ______

B43 WATERS q Yes q No In your opinion, is the water from this q REFUSED [WATER SOURCE FROM B42] safe for q DON’T KNOW cooking and drinking?

B44 HOTPIP q Yes q No Is there both hot and cold running water q REFUSED anywhere in your house/apartment? q DON’T KNOW

B45 Do you use this water for drinking? q Yes q No (ASK B45a) q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

B45a. How do you obtain water for q Haul water drinking? (CODE ALL THAT APPLY) q Have water trucked in q Link a hose to another dwelling q Bottle water at source q Purchase bottled water q Other (SPECIFY): ______

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 145 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

84 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

B46 Do you use this water for cooking? q Yes q No (ASK B46a) q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

B46a. How do you obtain water for q Haul water cooking? (CODE ALL THAT APPLY) q Have water trucked in q Link a hose to another dwelling q Bottle water at source q Purchase bottled water q Other (SPECIFY): ______

B47 Do you use this water for bathing? q Yes q No (ASK B47a) q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

B47a. How do you obtain water for q Haul water bathing? (CODE ALL THAT APPLY) q Have water trucked in q Link a hose to another dwelling q Bottle water at source q Other (SPECIFY): ______

B48 Do you use this water for cleaning? q Yes q No (ASK B48a) q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

B48a. How do you obtain water for q Haul water cleaning? q Have water trucked in q Link a hose to another dwelling q Bottle water at source q Other (SPECIFY): ______

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 146 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

85 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

The next questions are about water leaks, either from OUTSIDE your house/apartment or from INSIDE.

B49 LEAK1

While you have been living here, did q Yes water ever leak into your q No outside water leaks (SKIP TO B52) house/apartment directly from the q Don’t know OUTSIDE, for example through the roof, q Refused

outside walls, basement, or any closed windows or skylights?

B50 LEAK2 q Yes q No Did water leak in from the outside within q REFUSED the past 12 months, that is, since q DON’T KNOW [DATE]?

B51 WHERELK q Roof q Basement Did the water come in from…? q Walls or around closed windows or closed doors READ RESPONSES TO q Somewhere else RESPONDENT. (SPECIFY):______

B52 ILEAK1 q Yes q No inside water leaks (SKIP TO B55) Now about water leaks from INSIDE. q Don’t know Since you’ve lived here, did water leak in q Refused from broken pipes or water heaters, backed up plumbing, or on the ceiling, walls, or floor with water that came from another unit?

B53 ILEAK2 q Yes q No Did any inside water leaks happen within q REFUSED the past 12 months, that is, since q DON’T KNOW [DATE]?

B54 WHERELK2 q Own plumbing fixtures backed up and/or overflowed Where did the water come from? q Pipes leaked (include pipe leaks from other apartments) q Broken water heater q Other (SPECIFY): ______q Unknown

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 147 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

86 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

SEPTIC

B55 PUBSEWQ q Yes (SKIP TO B57) q No Is your house/apartment connected to a q REFUSED public sewer? q DON’T KNOW

B56 SEWDISQ q Septic tank q Cesspool What means of sewage disposal does your q Chemical toilet house/apartment have? q Outhouse or privy q Don’t know q Other (SPECIFY): ______q None

B57 IFSEW q Yes (ASK B57a) q No Did the sewage system break down in the q REFUSED past three months? q DON’T KNOW

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B57a. How many of these breakdowns lasted 6 hours or more? ENTER 8 FOR 8 OR MORE

B58 HAND RESPONDENT SHOWCARD 4. q Back-ups q Surfacing sewage Have you had any of the following problems q Septic tank collapse with the septic system during the last 6 q Drain field failed months? q Blocked lines q Frequent pumping required (CHECK ALL THAT ARE MENTIONED) q Smell/stench

B59 TOILETP q Yes q No (SKIP TO B61) Is there a flush toilet anywhere in your q REFUSED house/apartment? q DON’T KNOW

B60 Were there any times during the last three q Yes (SKIP TO B62) months when the/all the flush toilet(s) in your q No house/apartment were broken down or q REFUSED backed up for 6 hours or more? q DON’T KNOW

B61 What type of toilet does this unit have? q Chemical toilet q Outhouse/privy q Other (SPECIFY): ______

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 148 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

87 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

B62 IF RESPONDENT INDICATED THE q Yes HOUSE/APARTMENT HAS A FULL BATH q No IN B4, ASK THIS QUESTION (IF q REFUSED OTHERWISE, SKIP TO B63): q DON’T KNOW

Earlier you said that you have a full bath.

TUB1

Does the full bath contain a bathtub or a shower?

B63 SHARPF q Yes q No Some people live in neighborhoods where q REFUSED some of the houses don’t have complete q DON’T KNOW plumbing facilities. So, they must use other people’s bathrooms. Does anyone not living in your home, not counting guests or workers, regularly use your plumbing or bathroom?

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 149 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

88 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

INTERIOR CONDITION

B64 VISIBLE HOLES IN FLOOR q Yes q No HOLES q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW How about the floors in your house/apartment, are there any holes in the floors big enough for someone to catch their foot on?

B65 HOLES OR OPEN CRACKS IN WALLS OR q Yes CEILING q No q REFUSED CRACKS q DON’T KNOW

People sometimes have problems with cracks or holes in the floors, walls, or ceilings, not hairline cracks or nail holes, but open cracks or holes. In the inside walls or ceilings of your house/apartment, are there any open holes or cracks wider than the edge of a dime?

B66 PEELING PAINT BIGP1 q Yes (ASK B66a) q No Does the inside of your house/apartment have q REFUSED any areas of peeling paint or broken plaster? q DON’T KNOW

BIGP2

B66a. Are any of these areas bigger than 8 X 11 inches? (PROMPT: That would be about q Yes the size of this piece of paper [indicate q No questionnaire].) q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

B67 SIGNS OF RATS (OR OTHER q Yes VERMIN)EVROD q No q REFUSED Have you ever seen signs of unwanted mice, q DON’T KNOW rats, insects, termites or other pests INSIDE your house/apartment?

B68 Is there a problem with mold inside your q Yes house/apartment q No q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 150 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

89 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

C. SATISFACTION WITH HOUSING INTERVIEWER READ: “Now that you have described the features of the house/apartment, I would like to ask you some questions about your satisfaction with this housing unit.”

HOUSING QUALITY

C1 HAND RESPONDENT IF RESPONDENT INDICATES ‘1 - VERY SHOWCARD 5. DISSATISFIED’ OR ‘2 - DISSATISFIED’, CONTINUE TO C2. Overall, how would you rate your satisfaction with the IF RESPONDENT INDICATES ‘3 - NEITHER house/apartment you live in? DISSATISFIED NOR SATISFIED’, ‘4 - SATISFIED’, OR Please tell me using a scale of 1-5 ‘5 - VERY SATISFIED’, SKIP TO C3. where 1 is very dissatisfied and 5 is very satisfied.

1 2 3 4 5 Very dissatisfied Neither satisfied nor Very satisfied dissatisfied

C2 Why are you dissatisfied? What features of your Record verbatim response: house/apartment are you dissatisfied with?

OPEN-ENDED

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 151 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

90 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

C3 Do you think the overall physical condition of this q Unacceptable house/apartment is unacceptable, acceptable, or q Acceptable excellent? Please choose one response. q Excellent

IF RESPONDENT INDICATES ‘EXCELLENT’, SKIP TO D1.

IF RESPONDENT INDICATES ‘UNACCEPTABLE’ OR ‘ACCEPTABLE’, CONTINUE TO C4.

C4 Why do you say that? What problems are there Record verbatim response: with the physical condition of your house/apartment?

OPEN-ENDED

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 152 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

91 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

D. COMMUNITY PREFERENCES INTERVIEWER READ: I would like to ask you a few questions about why you chose to apply for a homestead lease with DHHL and what is important to you when selecting a homestead community. D1 I am going to list some reasons people may have for living in a particular community. How important are these reasons to you?

READ RESPONSE OPTIONS OUT LOUD.

NOT IMPORTANT VERY N/A DK REF IMPORTANT IMPORTANT

D1a Makes it easy to be an active member of the community

D1b Family and friends are all there

D1c Have always lived there

D1d Historic ties to community

D1e Avoiding discrimination/ harassment

D1f Family and friends living on homestead and it is a life style that would be appealing

D1g Access to job or business opportunity

D1h Access to health care

D1i Access to educational facilities and resources

D1j Access to other government subsidies/assistance

D1k Beneficial assistance from DHHL

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 153 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

92 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

NOT IMPORTANT VERY N/A DK REF IMPORTANT IMPORTANT

D1l Good location to raise a family

D1m Good location for

retirement

D1n Easier to practice Native

Hawaiian culture

D1o Is there any important reason I missed?

(SPECIFY: ______)

D2 What features are you looking for q Access to jobs or business opportunities in a new community? q Ease of accessing services (child care, job training, shopping, recreation) q Better access to health care q Better choice of schools for children HAND THE RESPONDENT q Better access to state colleges SHOWCARD 11. q Quieter environment q More affordable housing q Better supply of available housing q Good housing quality MARK ALL THAT APPLY. q Easier to obtain a mortgage q Less crime and fewer safety concerns q Less gang activity q Less prevalence of domestic violence q Less presence of alcohol/drug use q Access to public transportation q Close-knit community environment q Opportunity to grow things q Other (SPECIFY): ______

D3 Is there anything I missed? Specify:

OPEN-ENDED

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 154 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

93 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

E. CULTURALLY-RESPONSIVE HOUSING INTERVIEWER READ: “Next I am going to ask you some questions about your housing preferences.”

E1 Thinking about this house/apartment, can you tell me if each of the following features of your home supports Hawaiian cultural values and practices? I am going to read each feature aloud to you.

READ EACH ITEM IN LIST TO RESPONDENT.

YES NO DON’T REFUSED KNOW Please explain. Please explain.

E1a Exterior appearance (including landscaping)

E1b Architectural design

E1c Floor plan or arrangement of rooms

E1d Number and type of rooms, for example, for family gatherings; quilting; weaving; native crafts; sewing; tools; activities; sharing

music; hula; worship; ceremonies; places for children to study; rooms for extended family, etc.

E1e Structurally conducive to climate: lanai, windows for cross ventilation, shading with roof line extensions, and the like.

E1f Storage for communal/‘ohana materials/supplies

E1g Parking for ‘ohana

E1h Land to grow Hawaiian plants, fruits, and flowers to preserve the culture.

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 155 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

94 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

E2 In general, does the design of housing in your community take into consideration cultural values or practices?

E3 When thinking about the house q Yes you would prefer, do you think of q No features that reflect or take into q REFUSED account traditional Native q DON’T KNOW

Hawaiian values or traditions? IF YES: ASK E4

E4 How would you rate the q Extremely important importance of such features in q Important, but not the decisive factor your decision to select a q A nice added value if I can get it residence?

What are some of the features of a structure that reflect Native Hawaiian cultural values or support Native Hawaiian tradition?

(RECORD VERBATIM)

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 156 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

95 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

F. NEEDED SERVICES AND AMENITIES INTERVIEWER READ: “I would like to ask you about needed services and facilities in your community.”

NEEDED SERVICES/FACILITIES IN YOUR COMMUNITY

F1 HAND THE RESPONDENT SHOWCARD 6. MARK FIVE CHOICES.

Here is a list of services and amenities that are thought of as important for a community. Please look at the list and tell me which five services or amenities are most needed in your community.

Convenience store (for example, 7-Eleven, mom and pop store)

Grocery store (small/large/supermarket) – a store with a full range of fresh and frozen products)

Drug store

Gas station

Bank or credit union

Medical/health care services/health clinic

Dental care

Mental health counseling and care

Substance abuse treatment and care

Emergency medical services

Laundromat

Early childhood education/preschool programs

Primary school (K-8)

Secondary school (9-12)

Child care center

Legal services/assistance

After-school programs

Community college or other adult education

Parks or playgrounds

A recreation or community center

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 157 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

96 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

A community garden

A certified kitchen/IMU

A library

Job placement and training services

Social service office to sign up for/receive benefits (e.g., welfare, social security, disability)

Emergency assistance (rent, utilities, shelter)

Fire station

Food bank/meal assistance/commodities

Help finding affordable housing

Public safety/law enforcement patrols/police substation

Government offices

Church or place of worship

Public Transportation

Senior/Elder Center

F2 Are there any other facilities or services that are most needed in your community but aren’t on this list? OPEN-ENDED

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 158 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

97 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

G. HOUSING TENURE PREFERENCES INTERVIEWER READ: “Some people own their houses or apartments and other people rent them. I would like to ask you some questions about your preferences for owning or renting. I will also ask if you have concerns about potential sale, foreclosure, eviction, or evacuation in the near future.”

G1 Do you own this home or q Own apartment or are you buying this SKIP TO G4: FOR OWNERS ONLY home or apartment with a ”rent- q Buying on ”rent-to-own” to-own” or similar plan? SKIP TO G4: FOR OWNERS ONLY q Neither CONTINUE TO G2

G2 Do you rent or live for free in this q Rent house/apartment? SKIP TO G10: FOR RENTERS ONLY q Live for free CONTINUE TO G3

G3 IF LIVE FOR FREE: Who owns q Parent(s) it? q Grandparent(s) q Other family member (SPECIFY):______q Friend q Other (SPECIFY): ______

SKIP TO G10: FOR RENTERS ONLY

FOR OWNERS ONLY (G4 – G9)

G4 Are you in a home that was built or q Yes subsidized by HUD, DHHL or some q No other government agency? q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

IF YES: What agency? ______

G5 Do you currently have a mortgage on q Yes your property? q No q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

G6 Have you ever applied for a mortgage q Yes and had your application denied? q No (SKIP TO G8) q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

98 159 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

G7 HAND THE RESPONDENT q Didn’t have a sufficient down payment SHOWCARD 7. q Don’t make enough money to pay the mortgage q Don’t have a job MARK ALL THAT APPLY. q Don’t have a long/good job history q My credit score was too low/didn’t have a credit Why was your mortgage application history denied? Please tell me the reasons. q Too much debt (credit cards, student loans, medical/health care costs) q There were issues about title to the land or property rights q I felt I was discriminated against because I am Native Hawaiian q Other (SPECIFY): ______

G8 Would you prefer to rent your home q I would prefer to rent rather than owning? q I would prefer to own (SKIP TO G10) q Don’t know (SKIP TO G10) q Refused (SKIP TO G10)

G9 INTERVIEWER: HAND THE q Less expensive than buying/can’t afford to buy RESPONDENT SHOWCARD 8. q Less responsibility/less risk/don't have to worry about maintenance MARK ALL THAT APPLY. q Can move when I want/can be more flexible q The market is too poor right now Why would you rather rent? q It is easier q Don't have to worry about losing value q Live on a fixed income q Can't afford down payment q Some other reason (SPECIFY): ______q None q Don’t Know q Refused

SKIP TO G14.

FOR RENTERS ONLY (G9 – G13)

G10 Have you ever applied for a q Yes mortgage and had your application q No denied? q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 160 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

99 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

IF YES, CONTINUE TO G11.

IF NO/DK/REF, SKIP TO G12.

G11 HAND THE RESPONDENT q Didn’t have a sufficient down payment SHOWCARD 9. q Don’t make enough money to pay the mortgage q Don’t have a job MARK ALL THAT APPLY. q Don’t have a long/good job history q My credit score was too low/didn’t have a credit Why was your mortgage history application denied? Please tell me q Too much debt (credit cards, student loans, the reasons. medical/health care costs) q There were issues about the title to the land or property rights q I felt I was discriminated against because I am Native Hawaiian q Other (SPECIFY): ______

G12 Would you prefer to own your own q I would prefer to own home rather than renting? q I would rather rent q Don’t know q REFUSED

IF ‘PREFER TO OWN’, SKIP TO G14.

IF ‘PREFER TO RENT’, CONTINUE TO G13.

G13 INTERVIEWER: HAND THE q Less expensive than buying/can’t afford to buy RESPONDENT SHOWCARD 8 q Less responsibility/less risk/don't have to worry [SAMES AS FOR OWNER F9] about maintenance q Can move when I want/can be more flexible MARK ALL THAT APPLY. q The market is too poor right now q It is easier Why would you rather rent? q Don't have to worry about losing value q Live on a fixed income q Can't afford down payment q Some other reason (SPECIFY): ______q None q Don’t Know q Refused

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 161 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

100 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

G14 HAND THE RESPONDENT q Can’t save enough for a house/can’t afford down SHOWCARD 10. payment (down payment) q Can't afford the monthly mortgage payment MARK ALL THAT APPLY. q Can’t find a mortgage lender in the area q Can’t resolve land rights (property rights) Sometimes people find it hard to q Don’t have collateral to get a loan because my land buy their own home. Here’s a list is held in trust of barriers that people face when q Don’t have a job buying their own home. Please q Don’t have a long/good job history q My credit score was too low/didn’t have a credit take a look and tell me if any of history these apply to you. q Too much debt (credit cards, student loans, medical/health care costs)

q No housing available in a location I want to live q No affordable housing in my area q No houses are available for sale or being built that are suitable for me/my family q Don’t know how to buy a home/unfamiliar with loan application process, lending terms, or real estate transactions q Lenders are more likely to deny applications from Native Hawaiian

G15 Are there any other reasons that SPECIFY: you may have found it hard to buy your own home?

OPEN-ENDED

G16 G16a. Would you be willing to q Yes contribute your own labor or that q No of a family member to build your q REFUSED house if that made it possible to q DON’T KNOW own your own home?

G16b. Would you be willing and able to share the cost of the q Yes infrastructure if it would help you q No get into a home faster? q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW G17 Have you ever lived in a housing q Yes (SKIP TO G19) unit where the rent was subsidized q No by the local Public Housing q REFUSED Authority or another public entity q DON’T KNOW other than DHHL?

G18 Do you currently live in a unit that q Yes q No (SKIP TO G20)

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 162 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

101 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

is rent subsidized, like Section 8? q REFUSED (SKIP TO G20) q DON’T KNOW (SKIP TO G20) G19 How would you characterize the quality of the subsidized unit? Please answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’.

a. It was at least as good as q Yes my former residence. q No

b. It was much better than q Yes q my former residence. No

q c. It was not as good as my Yes q No former residence.

d. If the need arose would q Yes you consider applying for q No such a unit again?

G20 Have you ever taken a home q Yes buyer education class or training? q No q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

G21 Have you ever met with anyone q Yes from the DHHL Home Ownership q No (SKIP TO F23) Assistance Program? q REFUSED (SKIP TO F23) q DON’T KNOW (SKIP TO F23)

G22 Please rate the quality of the q Poor service you received from the q Fair DHHL Home Ownership q Good Assistance Program. q Excellent q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 163 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

102 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

POTENTIAL SALE, FORECLOSURE, EVICTION OR EVACUATION

Can you tell me if any of the following circumstances apply to you?

ASK HOMEOWNERS: G23 – G24

ASK RENTERS G25 - G28

HOMEOWNERS

G23 You plan to sell your home in the next year or q Yes two because you can’t afford the mortgage q No payments or need the money that you have in q REFUSED your home (equity). q DON’T KNOW

G24 Your home is in foreclosure or you expect it to q Yes go into foreclosure within the next 60 days. q No q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

SKIP TO G1.

RENTERS

G25 You expect to be evicted from your home within q Yes the next 60 days. q No q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

G26 You expect to be asked to move because you q Yes are behind on your payments. q No q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW G27 You will be asked to leave your home in the q Yes next 60 days so that someone else can move in. q No q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

G28 You will have to leave your home in the next 60 q Yes days because this residence will be demolished. q No q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 164 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

103 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

H. HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND HOUSING COSTS INTERVIEWER READ: “I would like to ask you a few questions about the sources of financial and non- financial support for your household. I appreciate that our questions are, or may be, difficult to answer and sometimes seem intrusive. As with other questions in this survey, we want to reassure you that the information you provide to us is kept confidential.”

YES NO DK REF

H1 I am going to be asking you about your household income, but first, I want to ask you about possible sources of that income. We want to include income earned by everyone who lives in your home, regardless of whether he or she is related to you. Did you (or anyone in your household) receive any income in the last 12 months from (...)?

H1a Wages or salary

H1b Commissions, bonuses, or tips

H1c Self-employment income from a business or farm, including proprietorships and partnerships

H1d Interest payments, dividends, net rental income, royalty income, or income from estates and trusts related to personal investments

H1e Social Security or railroad retirement

H1f Supplemental security income (SSI)

H1g Public assistance, general assistance, TANF/welfare payments from the state or local welfare office

H1h Retirement, survivor, or disability pensions (SSDI)

H1i Other work that you have not yet told me about that you or someone in your household did inside or outside the home such as child care/babysitting, making and selling of traditional craft items, cooking, car repair, carpentry, or other jobs like that.

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 165 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

104 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

YES NO DK REF

H1j Any income, cash, or other compensation from the production and sale of traditional Native Hawaiian crafts or the performance of traditional Native Hawaiian music or dance?

H1k Any other sources of income received regularly such as Veteran’s payments, unemployment compensation, child support, or alimony

H1l Any educational benefits targeted to Native Hawaiians

H1m Other (SPECIFY):

IF ANY SOURCE OF CASH INCOME REPORTED IN H1a –H1m, SKIP TO H2.

IF NO SOURCES OF CASH INCOME HAVE BEEN REPORTED, CONTINUE TO H1n.

H1n No sources of cash income

ONLY ASK IF NO SOURCES OF CASH INCOME ARE REPORTED ABOVE IN H1a – H1m.

H2 Are there any sources of non-monetary support that q Yes (ASK H2a) your household relies on? q No q REFUSED q DON’T KNOW

(NO/REF/DK: SKIP TO H3)

H2a: What is/are the source(s)? q Subsistence activities (fishing, If the respondent is hesitant to identify the source of hunting, farming, gathering) “Other” income, just check the box and do not record q Exchanging/sharing of goods a verbatim response. and services q Food distribution/pantries q Labor in exchange for room & board q Other (SPECIFY): ______

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS:166 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

105 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

H3 Now we have a question about your household’s A. Less than $5,000 income during the last calendar year, that is, for B. $5,000 to $9,999 [YEAR]. Again, I understand that our questions are, or C. $10,000 to $14,999 may be, difficult to answer and sometimes seem D. $15,000 to $19,999 intrusive. As with other questions in this survey, I want E. $20,000 to $24,999 to reassure you that the information you provide to us F. $25,000 to $29,999 is kept confidential. Please look at this card. Can you G. $30,000 to $34,999 tell me the letter that matches your best estimate of H. $35,000 to $39,999 $40,000 to $49,999 the amount of household income you received last I. J. $50,000 to $59,999 year from the all of the sources you just mentioned? K. $60,000 to $79,999 Let me read them back to you. L. $80,000 to $99,999 M. $100,000 to $119,999 INTERVIEWER: REVIEW INCOME SOURCES N. $120,000 or more MARKED “YES” FROM QUESTION H1. O. Don’t know Refused HAND SHOWCARD 12 TO RESPONDENT. ASK P. HIM/HER TO POINT TO THE RESPONSE.

H4 I am going to show you another card. Please look and A. Less than $100 tell me the letter that matches your best estimate for B. $100 to $199 the total amount you pay for or contribute to housing C. $200 to $249 each month, including the rent/mortgage/note D. $250 to $299 payment and all of your utilities (including electricity, E. $300 to $349 water, sewer, gas, and land line phones)? F. $350 to $399 G. $400 to $449 H. $450 to $499 I. $500 to $599 J. $600 to $699 K. $700 to $799 HAND THE RESPONDENT SHOWCARD 13. ASK L. $800 to $999 HIM/HER TO POINT TO THE RESPONSE. M. $1,000 to $1,249 N. $1,250 to $1,499 O. $1,500 to $1,999 P. $1,500 to $1,999 Q. $2,500 or more R. No cash paid for rent/mortgage/ utilities S. Don’t know T. Refused

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS:167 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

106 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

H5 After you take care of housing expenses each A. Less than $100 month—rent/mortgage and utilities—on average over B. $100 to $199 the past year, how much money do you have left to C. $200 to $249 spend on other things? D. $250 to $299 E. $300 to $349 F. $350 to $399 G. $400 to $449 H. $450 to $499 I. $500 to $599 REFER THE RESPONDENT TO SHOWCARD 13 J. $600 to $699 AGAIN. ASK HIM/HER TO POINT TO THE K. $700 to $799 RESPONSE. L. $800 to $999 M. $1,000 to $1,249 N. $1,250 to $1,499 O. $1,500 to $1,999 P. $2,000 to $2,499 Q. $2,500 or more R. Don’t know S. Refused

H6 IF RESPONDENT LIVES WITH ALL PERSONS NOT q Yes RELATED TO HIM/HER ASK: q No q REFUSED Have you noticed any problems with members of the q DON’T KNOW household not being able to make house payments/rent or house maintenance costs?

BEFORE COLLECTING CONTACT INFORMATION FOR VALIDATION ON NEXT PAGE AND PROVIDING RESPONDENT INCENTIVE:

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS:168 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

107 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

“These are all the questions I have. Thank you so much for giving me your time. Now I just need to ask you some contacting information, give you your gift for participation, and do the walk-around outside that I mentioned earlier.”

CONCLUDING THE INTERVIEW I will be sending this document to the study officials in Chicago at NORC, so that your responses can be included in this important research. An editor will check to see that I have indicated an answer to all of the appropriate questions. If I mistakenly skipped a question, a quality control staff person will call you to fill in the missing information. This is standard procedure to ensure that all of the information needed is provided [quality assurance]. All of the employees who may contact you are bound by the same confidentiality rules that I am.

My office may want to verify that I was here. Someone may call you to make sure that I conducted the interview. Please give me your name, telephone number, and mailing address so that my office may contact you. Please be assured that the information on this page will be secured and kept separate from the questionnaire.

NAME OF RESPONDENT:

TELEPHONE NUMBER:

ADDRESS:

Street City State ZIP

THANK THE RESPONDENT FOR HIS/HER TIME AND GIVE HIM/HER THE INCENTIVE. HAVE THE RESPONDENT SIGN THE RECEIPT.

Now, as I noted at the beginning of the interview, I will take a look at the exterior conditions of this dwelling and fill in some information about the conditions. You are welcome to accompany me while I make these observations, but if you would rather not, that’s OK too.

FINISH TIME: ______AM/PM TRANSFER FINISH TIME TO FRONT COVER

CONTINUE TO FOLLOWING PAGE →

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: 169 TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

108 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

I. ENUMERATOR OBSERVATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONDUCTING THE HOUSING OBSERVATION: Once the interview is completed, exit the dwelling and walk around the structure. Record observations regarding the type of structure, the size of the lot it sits on, the general conditions of the exterior, access to the dwelling, other buildings on the lot, and materials used.

American Housing Survey (AHS)

I1 Type of structure ISTYPE Identify the type of living quarters:

q Manufactured/mobile home q One-unit building, detached from any other building q One-unit building, attached to one or more buildings q Building with two or more apartments

I2 For mobile home or single family detached: (Confirm with respondent if necessary.)

LOTQ About how large is the [site/lot]? q Square feet ______

q Feet by Feet ______

q Whole acres ______

SKIP TO I3

q Don’t know: CONTINUE TO I2a

170

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

109 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

I2a LTAC1P Would you say that the [site/lot] is more than 1 acre or less than 1 acre? q More q Less

ACRES About how many acres? ______SKIP TO I2c Don’t know: CONTINUE TO I2b

I2b LTAC10P Is it more than 10 acres? q More q Less

I2c ESTIMATE Could you give me an estimate of dimensions of the lot? ______

I3 Observe the exterior condition of the OUTSIDE of the housing unit. Indicate whether the following conditions are present or not. If not able to observe, then mark “Not Observed.”

Yes No Not observed

I3a EMISSR Does the roof have missing shingles or other missing roofing materials?

I3b EHOLER Does the roof have any holes?

I3c ESAGR Does the roof’s surface sag or appear uneven?

I3d EMISSW Does the outside walls have any missing siding, bricks, or other missing wall materials?

I3e ESLOPEW Do the outside walls slope, lean, buckle or slant?

I3f EBROKE Are any of the windows broken?

I3g EBAR Are any of the windows covered with metal bars?

171 HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

110 Appendix B. Household Survey of Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) Beneficiaries on the Waiting List for a Lease on the Home Lands

I3h ECRUMB Are there any holes or open cracks or crumbling in the foundation, in the base on which the building stands?

I4 Access q Paved road q Well maintained dirt road q Poorly maintained dirt road I5 Other buildings on lot q None q Garage/carport q Barn or stable q Outdoor cooking area MARK ALL THAT APPLY. q Outhouse q Living quarters q Business q Cultural/ceremonial structures (e.g., o’hanas) q Other (SPECIFY): ______I6 Exterior materials q Wood or wood siding q Aluminum siding q Brick q Concrete or block MARK ALL THAT APPLY. q Masonite q Stucco q Other (SPECIFY): ______I7 Roof materials q Asphalt shingles q Tar paper q Metal q Wood MARK ALL THAT APPLY. q Tile q Other (SPECIFY): ______I8 Exterior condition q Excellent or good q Needs minor repairs q Need major repairs q Appears unsafe

172 HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

111 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

• Organizations focused on Appendix C. Stakeholder homelessness. The list also included entities that were Interviews and Discussion present during the January 2011 initial outreach session conducted in Oahu under Groups Selection a separate but related part of this study. Moreover, some of the entities were further C1. Approach re-engaged during a related preparatory site visit to Hawaii by an Econometrica, Inc. team The approach to identifying the member in February 2013. organizations and individuals for the The final list of identified stakeholders stakeholder discussions began with the list of (universe) was 37 entities, excluding potential respondent entities (stakeholders). homesteads. Econometrica staff attempted From this list, the purposive list was refined to contact and schedule 26 entities identified and shared with the Department of Hawaiian as most relevant (excluding homesteads) Home Lands (DHHL) for further input and for in-person discussions during a site visit refinement. The list was designed to attempt scheduled for July 14–25, 2014. Beginning to capture federal, state, local, and private in June 2014, Econometrica staff attempted entities that oversee or are involved with to contact the stakeholder entities that housing in the state of Hawaii, especially as Econometrica and DHHL identified as it relates to housing for Native Hawaiians. priority interviewees. Contact was attempted The list included the following types of by telephone and/or e-mail. Multiple organizations. attempts were made to contact entities, • Local government entities such as and DHHL provided additional points of department of housing/community contact in some cases. Of the stakeholders, development. 20 agreed to participate, although 1 later canceled for medical reasons and could • Federal government program offices not be rescheduled. Of the remaining 19 related to housing/housing for native stakeholders, 3 were unable to meet with peoples. the researchers during the site visit and either participated in a telephone discussion • Affordable-housing developers. or provided written comments. The 19 • Native Hawaiian advocacy stakeholder entities participating in the organizations. discussions are described in exhibit C1.1.

• Housing support service providers (for Participation in the interviews was example, education, counseling, credit voluntary, and no incentive or compensation and financial assistance). was promised or provided to those who participated. The interviews were • Local lenders, especially those offering unstructured discussions focused on eliciting the U.S. Department of Housing and information on the following: Urban Development (HUD) Section 247 and 184A loans. • The work of the stakeholder organization and roles of interview • Homeowner-focused civic participants and how the work involves organizations. Native Hawaiians and/or home lands lease applicants and lessees.

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

112 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

• The stakeholders’ experiences in and individual homestead associations. providing affordable housing or related Attendance at each of the discussion groups assistance to Native Hawaiians and/ was as follows: or home lands lease applicants and lessees. • Maui: four people.

• The interview participants’ perceptions • Hawaii: two people. of the main challenges in providing • Oahu: ten people. affordable housing or related assistance to Native Hawaiians and/or home lands The focus group discussions lasted lease applicants and lessees. approximately 2 to 3 hours each, and a lead interviewer, a second interviewer, and • Where applicable, the participants’ a dedicated electronic notetaker facilitated knowledge and experience with DHHL each group. A representative from DHHL policies and activities, the Native was present at each of the focus groups at American Housing Assistance and Self- DHHL’s request. The discussions focused Determination Act (NAHASDA), and the on the availability, types, and quality of Native Hawaiian Housing Block Grant. housing on the home lands; challenges The onsite interview discussions generally relating to affordability, access to financing, were conducted by a three-person and overcrowding; and DHHL policies and team from Econometrica, with one lead activities. interviewer (who also took handwritten All notes from the stakeholder interviews notes), a designated electronic notetaker, and and focus group discussions were imported a third person who took handwritten notes into NVivo 10 and were coded using a set and helped conduct the interview. Entities of codes that reflect general topic areas were free to include as many participants in (for example, housing affordability, housing the interview as they desired. The interviews quality, financing, overcrowding, cultural ranged from 1 person to groups as large as values, home maintenance). Analysis involved 10 people. The discussions generally lasted 1 reviewing the material for each code to to 2 hours. identify patterns and themes for discussion The research team also conducted three in this report. focus group discussions with organizations representing the homesteads (home lands communities administered under the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act) and homestead residents. These focus groups were arranged through DHHL and occurred during July 11–25, 2014, in community- owned space on each of the three islands: Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii. These groups were advertised electronically to representatives from the respective homestead associations. The outreach was made to 34 beneficiary organizations, which included regional and statewide umbrella organizations

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

113 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

Exhibit C1.1. Stakeholder Organizations

Bank of Hawaii. Bank of Hawaii is the largest lender in the state, with local branches across the islands. Bank of Hawaii handles residential loans under the Federal Housing Administration’s Section 247 program and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD’s) Section 184A program for home lands properties.

Council for Native Hawaiian Advancement (CNHA). CNHA’s mission is to enhance the cultural, economic, political, and community development of Native Hawaiians. CNHA is a Native Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI) and a HUD-certified housing counseling agency providing financial education and technical assistance, grants, and loans to community members for their homeownership and small business- related needs. CNHA is also an advocacy organization, convening stakeholders around policy priorities and solutions to meet the challenges of Native Hawaiians.

County of Maui, Division of Housing and Human Concerns, Housing Division. The Housing Division creates rental and homeownership housing opportunities for low- and moderate-income residents through partnerships with community organizations. The Housing Division manages the Section 8 rental assistance program, monitors the management of county-owned rental housing projects, monitors affordable-housing conditions and fair housing practices, administers HOME Investment Partnerships Program funds, runs a first-time homebuyers assistance program and an affordable- housing fund program, and provides technical and financial assistance to facilitate the approval and development of affordable housing projects assisting low-income families. The head of the Housing Division and two program coordinators/administrators participated in the interviews.

Department of Hawaiian Home Lands (DHHL). Individuals representing four offices within DHHL participated in the interviews.

The Planning Office oversees policy and land use planning. It develops DHHL’s overall agency plans, and plans for strategic programs (for example, water, agricultural development, sustainability, community development) and island and regional development. The office conducts surveys and other research to support the development of these plans, including a periodic survey of beneficiaries. Staff interviewed had from 1 to 22 years of experience.

The Housing Project Branch of the Homestead Services Division is DHHL’s marketing arm for homestead leases and awards. This department conducts the outreach to beneficiaries on the waiting list; processes awards; and supports applicants through financial qualification, blood quantum qualification, contractor and house design selection, lot selection, and lease execution. It also coordinates with self-help and Habitat for Humanity projects for applicants. The experience of the staff interviewed ranged from less than 1 year to more than 20 years.

The Loan Services Branch of the Homestead Services Division administers DHHL’s loan origination, loan servicing, and loan collection programs. This division also prepares and submits loan packages for approval by the Hawaiian Homes Commission. Mortgage loan and collections specialists are on the ground in the community talking with (cont.)

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

114 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

Exhibit C1.1. Stakeholder Organizations (cont.) beneficiaries and working through issues with loan products and delinquencies. Staff interviewed had from 3 to 29 years of service.

The Office of the Chair manages the daily operations of DHHL, providing strategic planning and leadership support and supporting the Hawaiian Homes Commission. Staff in this office support procurement, contracting, special assignments that do not fall within other divisions, and some legal activities (for example, depositions, interrogatories). The Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act (NAHASDA) program is also under the Office of the Chair, including the development of the affordable housing plan and plans for managing the spend down of NAHASDA funding. The staff members interviewed had from 1.5 to 10 years of experience.

Habitat for Humanity. Interviews were conducted with representatives from two Habitat affiliates: Habitat Maui, serving all of Maui, and West Hawaii Habitat, serving the western side of Hawaii Island. These organizations conduct activities similar to those of other Habitat affiliates, including new home construction, home rehabilitation, and education and other supports to help families improve their housing situation. The representative from Maui Habitat said that the population they serve is about 90 percent Native Hawaiian, and most of these families are looking for assistance with homes on the home lands. The representative from West Hawaii Habitat did not know the proportion of the organization’s clients that is Native Hawaiian, but estimated that about 90 percent of the 22 homes they built in 12 years benefited Native Hawaiians on the home lands.

Hawaii County Office of Housing and Community Development. This office plans, administers, and operates all of Hawaii County’s housing programs, such as HUD’s Section 8 rental assistance program and community development and grants management. One major program is Section 8, which has a 6,000-applicant waiting list. The staff interviewed did not know the proportion of the Section 8 population that is Native Hawaiian but said that 80 percent of the Section 8 population lives in the Puna area on the eastern side of the island, which is known as an area chosen by Native Hawaiians because it is more affordable. The office also manages two county-owned properties: one is housing for the elderly and the other is a 33-unit multifamily housing project. Other current development projects include a 96-unit multifamily housing project in Kona that is transitional and provides rentals with project-based vouchers and an affordable workforce housing project of 91 single-family homes.

Hawaii First Federal Credit Union (FCU). Hawaii First FCU has served the Hawaii Island community for 58 years. Its mission is to try to improve the financial standing and personal financial knowledge of lower-income people, including Native Hawaiians. It has between 700 and 800 members, most of whom are Native Hawaiians. Hawaii First FCU originates about 150 construction loans per year, with about one-fourth being on the home lands. In addition to providing loans and other financial services, Hawaii First FCU provides access to counseling and education through its loan counselors, certified housing counselors, and community resource centers. (cont.)

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

115 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

Exhibit C1.1. Stakeholder Organizations (cont.)

Hawaii Homeownership Center (HHC). HHC is a 10-year old nonprofit organization founded to increase assistance available to first-time homebuyers. The organization supports homeownership with financial literacy education/counseling and referrals to sources of capital and services. They educate buyers and provide post-purchase services such as classes/counseling on budgeting, resale and purchase of next home, and foreclosure prevention. HHC is affiliated with a nonprofit mortgage broker (HHOC Mortgage), created as an earned-income stream, which offers downpayment assistance lending to HHC’s clients. The respondent interviewed reported that about 60 percent of HHC’s clients are in the low- to moderate-income category and about one-third are self- identified Native Hawaiian. HHC’s clients are primarily on Oahu but some are on other islands.

Hawaii Interagency Council on Homelessness. The council includes stakeholders from 25 organizations, including city and county governments, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, and service providers. The purpose of the council is to create a new system in the state to address homelessness.

Hawaiian Community Assets (HCA). HCA, the largest HUD-certified counseling agency in the state, focuses on the needs of Native Hawaiians in general, not only those on the home lands. In its 13-year history, HCA has served more than 13,000 individuals. HCA is also a Native Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI).The focus of HCA’s work is in three areas: (1) group housing and financial education; (2) individualized financial counseling; and (3) access to capital, including originating and servicing microloans for debt consolidation, mortgage reinstatement, and so on. HCA currently has a NAHASDA grant through DHHL to provide families with mortgage debt reduction grants. HCA has offices on Oahu, Hawaii Island, Kauai, and Maui.

Helping Hands Hawaii. The mission of this nonprofit organization is to “connect individuals, families, and organizations with essential human and material resources.” Its programs include behavioral health services, bilingual support, housing stabilization services to individuals and families in need (distribution of basic necessities, such as food, clothing, furniture, and basic household items), emergency financial assistance, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program assistance, financial and money management counseling, and information and referral to community services that assist low-income Native Hawaiians in addressing emergency needs and obtaining knowledge and tools to help them build self-sufficiency.

Mutual Housing Association of Hawaii. Mutual Housing is a nonprofit property development and management organization that provides affordable rental housing to families living in Hawaii who earn between 80 and 20 percent of HUD median incomes. The organization also integrates supportive social services in the communities they serve. Mutual Housing owns and operates properties on the island of Oahu and one in Lihu’e, on the island Kauai. One staff member interviewed reported that about 15 to 20 percent of the organization’s clients are Native Hawaiian (self-identified). (cont.)

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

116 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

Exhibit C1.1. Stakeholder Organizations (cont.)

Nanakuli Housing Corporation (NHC). NHC is a nonprofit organization founded in the 1980s by an advocate for Native Hawaiian rights with the aim of providing Native Hawaiians with the knowledge and skills to address issues in the community, specifically credit/financial issues, overcrowding, and unsafe homes. NHC has three main programs: (1) financial literacy counseling, (2) self-help home repair and maintenance, and (3) a base yard that sells donated new and used materials for home repair and improvement. NHC recently started another program called “Building Family Homes Affordably” and developed three homes for low-income families. NHC works mostly on Oahu.

Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA). OHA, a public agency responsible for improving the well-being of Native Hawaiians, is governed by a board of trustees made up of nine elected members who serve 4-year terms setting policy for the agency. A chief executive officer, who is appointed by the board of trustees, administers OHA. The agency has three overarching objectives: (1) advocating to improve the conditions of Native Hawaiians in the areas of land, culture, economic self-sufficiency, education, governance, and health through research and policy activities; (2) providing resources to support improving conditions for Native Hawaiians, including scholarships, loans (for example, business, home improvement and repair, debt consolidation, and continuing education), and grants to community-based organizations that support the focus of the strategic plan; and (3) facilitating collaboration across the islands to help achieve broad, lasting change in the Hawaiian community. OHA receives some funding from the state legislature, but much comes from land revenues (for example, rental of trust lands). In a general sense, OHA is not a direct service provider; it funds nonprofit organizations to support beneficiaries. Exceptions to this limitation are two loan programs: one is for emergency microloans (medical emergencies, car/home repair, funeral expenses up to $7,500), and the other is for business, home repair, education, and debt consolidation.

Rural Community Assistance Corporation (RCAC). RCAC is a nonprofit organization that provides training, technical and financial resources, and advocacy in rural communities in the Western United States and the Pacific Islands. RCAC’s services include technical assistance and training for environmental infrastructure; affordable housing development, including self-help housing; economic and leadership development; and community development finance. The organization provides technical assistance to communities and developers. It also sometimes partners with developers, including DHHL, to develop affordable housing. RCAC serves organizations, rather than individuals.

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

117 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

C2. Interview Guide for Stakeholder Discussions

OMB Number: 2528-0288 Expiration Date: 10/31/15 HAWAIIAN STAKEHOLDER TELEPHONE INTERVIEW GUIDE Introduction/Purpose of the Study

Thank you for agreeing to participate in this interview today.

My name is ______and I’m a researcher from Econometrica, Inc.an organization located in Washington, DC. I’m am contacting you because the Urban Institute, on behalf of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), is studying the housing conditions and needs of Native Americans, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians across the United States. The study will describe housing needs and socioeconomic conditions in Indian Country. It will provide HUD with information on how current programs are operating, the extent to which housing needs are being addressed, and demographic and economic trends. It will also answer questions about home ownership in Indian Country and the impacts of the recent financial crisis.

One component of the study specifically addresses the housing conditions and needs of Native Hawaiians.

[Name of stakeholder organization] is one of several organizations selected for interviews because of services you provide to Native Hawaiians or experience, or knowledge you have about one or more of the Native Hawaiian population cohorts. Interviews will cover access to and the condition of affordable housing for Native Hawaiians.

We will use what we learn today and from other interviews to contribute to a report on housing conditions and needs among Native Hawaiians. This report will be submitted to HUD to inform the federal government of housing needs and challenges.

Confidentiality Statement [Interviewer must read this]:

Before beginning the interview, I (we) want to thank you for agreeing to participate in this study and remind you that your participation is voluntary. I (we) know that you are busy and will try to be as brief as possible. We have many questions and are going to talk to many different people, so please do not feel as though we expect you to be able to answer every question. The interview today should last about 45 minutes. This interview is not part of an audit or a compliance review. We are interested in learning about your ideas, experiences, and opinions about housing for Native Hawaiians. There are no right or wrong answers.

In addition, before we start, I want to let you know that although we will take notes during these interviews, information is never repeated with the name of the respondent in any reports or in any discussions with supervisors, colleagues, or HUD. When we write our reports and discuss our findings, information from all the people we speak with is compiled and presented so that no one person can be identified.

Do you have any questions before we begin?

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

118 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

INTERVIEW GUIDE

1. Could you tell us your name, the organization you represent, and your position at that organization?

2. What are the purposes and objectives of your organization?

3. What has been the involvement of your organization with Native Hawaiians (NHs) in the state of Hawaii? That would include current and prospective Beneficiaries, as well as the self-identified NH community as a whole.

4. What are the responsibilities of your current position?

5. How long have you been in your current position?

6. Prior to your current position, have you had any prior work or project experience that enabled you to work with the state’s Native Hawaiian community?

7. Do you have experience working with the NH community on a statewide basis or only on selected islands or counties? If only on selected islands or counties, please tell us which ones they are.

8. Has your organization coordinates any collaborative efforts with Homestead Associations? (If YES): Could you explain what those efforts involved?

9. In addition to HUD, could you tell me what other types of programs are available to increase the housing stock for Native Hawaiians?

10. In your view, how difficult is it for members of the Native Hawaiian community not living on home lands to find affordable housing? (Difficult, Somewhat Difficult, Not Difficult)

11. In your view, does the affordability of housing available to Native Hawaiians vary significantly by island or county? [If YES] Please specify the regional variance and the degree of affordability variance across parts of the State.

12. In your view, does the quality of housing currently occupied by the Native Hawaiian community vary significantly by island or county? [If YES] Please specify the regional variance and the type of housing quality variance across regions.

13. Based on your experience, would you classify the quality of housing on home lands as better than, equal to, or of poorer quality than that available to the Native Hawaiian households not living on home lands? (If response to question 10 indicates regional differences): Discuss by region. [If poorer quality] Could you indicate the primary types of deficiencies?

14. Based on your experience, would you classify the quality of housing on home lands as better than, equal to, or of poorer quality than that available to the general population in Hawaii? (If response to question 10 indicates regional differences): Discuss by region.” [If poorer quality] Could you indicate the primary types of deficiencies?

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

119 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

15. Based on your experience, would you classify the quality of housing of the non-home lands Native Hawaiian population as better than, equal to, or of poorer quality than that available to the home lands population in Hawaii? [If poorer quality] Could you indicate the primary types of deficiencies?

16. Based on your experience, would you classify the quality of housing on the non-home lands Native Hawaiian population as better than, equal to, or of poorer quality than that available to the general population living on the same island or in the same county in Hawaii? [If poorer quality] Could you indicate the primary types of deficiencies?

17. Based on your experience, are there any significant differences in the quality of housing occupied by the Native Hawaiian applicant population and the rest of the Native Hawaiian population? [If YES] Could you indicate the type of differences?

18. Based on your observations, do you think that a significant number of homestead residences are overcrowded? [If YES] Does this seem to be more of a problem in some islands than in others? [If YES] Please indicate the islands where overcrowding is a more significant problem.

19. Do you think that overcrowding is a more significant problem on the home lands than for the Native Hawaiian and general populations not living on the home lands? [If YES] Please compare and explain.

20. If the level of the overcrowding among the Native Hawaiian population is greater than that of the general population, could you indicate if the overcrowding is more prevalent on some islands than others? [If YES] Please indicate the islands where overcrowding is a more significant problem.

21. Do you think that homelessness is a significant problem among the Native Hawaiian population in the state?

22. Do you think that the degree of homelessness among the non-homestead resident Native Hawaiian population is greater than, equal to, or less than the general population of the state? [If greater homelessness among the Native Hawaiian population] Could you indicate the factors that contribute to this variance in the degree of homelessness?

23. What are some ways that Native Hawaiians cope with or adapt to housing problems related to affordability, overcrowding, and quality?

24. From your observations, do the homestead residents have adequate resources to adequately maintain their homes? [If NO] Could you list the observed items that led you to give this answer?

25. On average, would you judge the support provided by Homestead Associations to their members to be more than adequate, adequate, or less than adequate? [If less than adequate] Could you indicate the areas where you think they could provide enhanced support?

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

120 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

26. If there is one area in which the Homestead Associations could provide more support to their residents, what area would that be?

27. Do you think that the Homestead Associations have adequately “tapped” external sources of funding? [If NO] Could you list factors contributing to this less-than-adequate

28. Do you think that the Homestead Associations have achieved an adequate level of coordination with public service agencies in their “border” communities (e.g., public safety, schools)? [If NO] Could you indicate the areas where there has not been adequate cooperation and/or coordination?

29. Are there any significant barriers to adequate coordination between the Homestead Associations and their “border” communities? [If YES] Could you indicate what those barriers are?

30. Do you have an estimate of the percentage of total household income that the average Native Hawaiian household must devote to housing expenses? [If YES] Could you give us that percentage?

31. If you were able to provide an estimate of Native Hawaiian household income devoted to housing, do you think that percentage is greater than, about equal to, or less than the percentage of the general state population?

32. Could you indicate the most critical unmet need facing the Native Hawaiian households living on home lands (either for individual households or for the Associations)?

33. Could you indicate the most critical unmet need facing the Native Hawaiian households not located on home lands?

Is there any topic or issue you think we should have discussed today but has not been mentioned? If there is such an issue, please let us know what it is and why you think it is important.

Thank you for your time and cooperation.

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

121 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

HOMESTEAD ASSOCIATION DIRECTOR INTERVIEW GUIDE Introduction/Purpose of the Study

Thank you for agreeing to participate in this interview today.

My name is ______and I’m a researcher from Econometrica, Inc. an organization located in Washington, DC. I’m am contacting you because the Urban Institute, on behalf of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), is studying the housing conditions and needs of Native Americans, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians across the United States. The study will describe housing needs and socioeconomic conditions in Indian Country. It will provide HUD with information on how current programs are operating, the extent to which housing needs are being addressed, and demographic and economic trends. It will also answer questions about home ownership in Indian Country and the impacts of the recent financial crisis.

One component of the study specifically addresses the housing conditions and needs of Native Hawaiians.

We are contacting all Homestead Associations for interviews for your insights about housing on state-recognized homelands. Interviews will cover housing conditions and needs on the homelands as well as community development efforts on the homelands.

Confidentiality Statement [Interviewer must read this]:

Do you have any questions before we begin?

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

122 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

INTERVIEW GUIDE

1. What is your current position title at this Homestead Association?

2. What are the duties and responsibilities of your office?

3. How long have you been in your current position?

4. Did you ever serve in this position prior to your current term? [If YES] When and for how long?

5. What is the approximate acreage of your home lands?

6. Could you briefly explain the objectives and activities of your Homestead Association?

7. On your homestead, how many families currently live in homes on a residential homestead?

8. Do you have any pastoral or agricultural homesteads within your allotted area? [If YES] Are there any occupied residences on those homesteads? [If YES] How many?

9. Is there any active cultivation or use of your agricultural and pastoral homesteads? [If YES] Could you please describe these activities.

10. Do these activities result in commercial sale of products outside the homestead area? [If YES] Please describe.

11. Are there any commercial leases on your homestead lands? [If YES] Could you please list them for me?

12. Do you know if these commercial leases have resulted in any employment for homestead land residents? [If YES] Please describe.

13. On an annual basis, how much money do these commercial leases provide directly to your Association?

14. Is your Association actively pursuing additional commercial leases? [If NO] Could you explain why not? If yes, could you explain why and what types of leases you are pursuing?

15. Do you have household data for your residents? [If YES] Could you estimate the average household income for your member residents?

16. How old are the residences on your home lands? Perhaps you could give us a range of ages of the residences on your home lands, from the oldest to the newest?

17. Based on your observations, do you see a need for construction of new residences on your home lands? [If YES] Can you estimate the percentage of your homesteads where new construction would be warranted?

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

123 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

18. In your opinion, is overcrowding a significant problem within the households on your home lands? [If YES] Could you estimate the percentage of households on your home lands where overcrowding is a problem (and please explain your measure of overcrowding)?

19. In your opinion, is overcrowding in some cases a “masking” of a condition of homelessness for some individuals or households? [If YES] Would you say that homelessness is a major, contributing, or minor factor in the overcrowding you observe on your home lands?

20. What is the amount of your annual grant from the Department of Hawaiian Homelands (DHHL)?

21. Is your Association currently receiving any funds from any other state or federal agencies? [If YES] Could you tell us what the agencies are and the approximate amount of the funding you are receiving from each agency?

22. Does your association currently have any other external sources of funding from nonprofit institutions or funds obtained from capital markets? [If YES] Could you tell us what those funding sources are and how you intend to use those funds?

23. Does your Association currently have any short- or mid-term plans for one or more major community development efforts? [If YES] Could you briefly describe those planned efforts and also tell us the likely sources of funding?

24. Overall, are the residences on your home lands maintained well? [If NO] What is the major reason for the poor maintenance (e.g., low household income, lack of access to necessary services, etc.)?

25. Does your organization provide any support to residences for maintenance? [If YES] Could you describe these services?

26. Does any other organization or program provide maintenance services to households? [If YES] Could you describe the organizations/programs and the services they provide?

27. In your opinion, do the households on your home lands have adequate access to health services? [If YES] could you tell us what services are readily available to households? If no, could you tell us what are the barriers to households’ obtaining adequate access?

28. In your opinion, do social problems, such as substance abuse or youth gang activities, have a measurable impact on the quality of housing on your home lands? [If YES] Could you describe the impact you have observed?

29. Is the Association involved in any programs to address problems such as substance abuse or gang activity? [If YES] Could you describe those programs?

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

124 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

30. Do you think that your home lands need additional support in addressing problems such as substance abuse and gang activity? [If YES] Could you describe the type of additional support you need?

31. Could you estimate the number of households on your home lands that do not have sufficient income to cover their basic household expenses, such as utilities and standard maintenance activities?

32. Do you have any data on the number of residences on your home lands that have either a major structural deficiency or health hazard? [If YES] could you tell us what percentage of your homes have a major deficiency? What is the most common deficiency in your homestead housing stock?

33. Do your households have adequate access to services and funding to address these deficiencies? [If NO] could you describe the major barriers the residents face in obtaining the needed services and funding?

34. Do all of the residences on your homestead have what are considered as standard features of modern residences, such as running water, indoor plumbing, and electricity in all parts of a residence? [If NO] Could you tell us what percentage of your residences lack one or more of these standard features?

35. Do the households on your homestead have adequate access to mortgage capital for construction, maintenance, or rehabilitation? [If NO] If there is not adequate access, what are the major barriers to obtaining the needed access?

36. In your opinion, do you have an adequate level of cooperation with the “border” communities next to your homestead to provide such items as public safety services and schooling? [If NO] What steps do you think should be taken to improve the situation?

37. How have infrastructure items, such as roads and water lines, been funded in the past? Do you think that this funding process was adequate, or do you see a need for a new strategy or sources to fund infrastructure?

38. In your opinion, what is the most critical unmet need, related to the quality of housing, on your home lands? Why is this item the most critical unmet need?

39. Are there any topics/issues that we have not covered in this interview that you think we should talk about? Please explain why you think these topics or issues are important.

Thank you for your time and cooperation.

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

125 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

DEPARTMENT OF HAWAIIAN HOMELANDS (DHHL) INTERVIEW GUIDE Introduction/Purpose of the Study

Thank you for agreeing to participate in this interview today.

My name is ______and I’m a researcher from Econometrica, Inc. an organization located in Washington, DC. I’m am contacting you because the Urban Institute, on behalf of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), is studying the housing conditions and needs of Native Americans, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians across the United States. The study will describe housing needs and socioeconomic conditions in Indian Country. It will provide HUD with information on how current programs are operating, the extent to which housing needs are being addressed, and demographic and economic trends. It will also answer questions about home ownership in Indian Country and the impacts of the recent financial crisis.

One component of the study specifically addresses the housing conditions and needs of Native Hawaiians.

We are interviewing managers and administrators within DHHL for your insights about administration of housing programs supported by the state. Interviews will cover housing conditions and needs and operations under the block grant.

Confidentiality Statement [Interviewer must read this]:

Do you have any questions before we begin?

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

126 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

1. Could you please tell us what your position is at DHHL and what your responsibilities are?

2. How long have you been in your current position, and what is the total amount of time you have worked at DHHL?

3. Based on your observation of residences on homestead lands, would you rate the quality of the housing as adequate or inadequate? Why?

4. Do you know of any residences on homesteads that lack features such as running water, indoor plumbing, or electricity in every room? [If YES] Could you estimate the percentage of residences that lack such features?

5. Do you have any data or information that indicates the percentage of household income that home lands residents must devote to their leases and other household expenses? [If YES] Could you tell us what the percentage is and what your data source is?

6. In your experience, have problem behaviors such as substance abuse or youth gang activities been a problem on the home lands? [If YES] Had this activity results in significant damage to residences? [If YES]: Is this damage a major ongoing cost item for households, DHHL, and other service providers?

7. Can you provide an estimate of the percentage of home lands households that you consider to be overcrowded? Also, could you please indicate your standard of overcrowding?

8. Do you think that some cases of overcrowding may “mask” the homelessness of some household members? Why or why not?

9. What is your estimate of the adequacy of the infrastructure (roads, water/sewer lines) currently available to homestead residents?

10. In your opinion, do home lands residents have adequate access to sources of mortgage capital to maintain and/or rehabilitate their homes? [If NO] Could you list the barriers to their getting such access?

11. Based on your observations, on the whole, do you think that home lands residences are adequately maintained? [If NO] Could you list the factors that contribute to poor maintenance?

12. Based on your experience, do you think that the home lands communities receive adequate support from their “border” communities (e.g., public safety, schooling)? [If NO] Could you tell us the service areas in which there is inadequate support?

13. Apart from DHHL, what are the other funding sources that are “tapped” by the Homestead Associations?

14. In your opinion, are there any components of the current Native Hawaiian Housing Block Grant legislation that significantly limit the ability of homestead households and Associations to obtain needed financing? [If YES] Could you describe those limitations?

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

127 Appendix C. Stakeholder Interviews and Discussion Groups Selection

15. If you could make one change to the existing Native Hawaiian Housing Block Grant legislation, what would it be?

16. Based on your observations, do the Native Hawaiians currently on the DHHL “waiting list” have housing that is superior to, equal to, or inferior to that of Native Hawaiians living on home lands? Please explain.

17. Have you or your office observed a significant degree of homelessness among the Native Hawaiian population not living on home lands (this would include the Native Hawaiian population not eligible for homestead leases)? Please explain.

18. How difficult is it for the Native Hawaiian population not living on home lands to find affordable housing (i.e., housing that would not require more than 30% of the household’s standard monthly income)? (Very difficult, Difficult, Sometimes Difficult, Most Often Not a Problem) [If always very difficult OR always difficult] Could you tell us the communities where this “affordability” problem is most acute?

19. Have you observed any noticeable differences between the quality of housing enjoyed by the Native Hawaiians eligible for home lands leases and by those not eligible? [If YES] please describe the differences you have observed.

20. Are there any support services currently not provided by DHHL to homesteads that, if provided, would significantly enhance the quality of home lands-based housing? [If YES] Please indicate why there is a need for such a support service.

21. In your opinion, what is the greatest unmet need in the home lands residential communities? Why is this a critical need?

22. Is there any topic or issue you think we should have discussed today but has not been mentioned? If there is such an issue, please let us know what it is and why you think it is important.

Thank you for your time and cooperation.

HOUSING NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES

128 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research Washington, DC 20410-6000

September 2017