DOCSLIB.ORG

Needed:A Second Civil War!

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

UNITY VOL. IV, NO. 11 AUGUST EDITION 20 CENTS IN USA NEEDED:ASECOND CIVIL WAR! THEWAR BETWEENTHE CLASSES!! See Raise p. 12 ANTI-MOBUTU PRP LIBERATION FORCES IN ZAIRE TELL THEIR SIDE OF STORY MOBUTU: A PUPPET TREMBLING WITHOUT THE MASTER PULLING STRINGS- PART 1 by Mwana wa Lumumba unlimited praise and admiration. My Dear Colonel, "Mad Mike" Hoare's assessment of It is with a sincere and profound Mobutu Sese Seko. regret that I see you are about to leave The bubble of stability surrounding the Congo. The Congolese Nation owes Zaire since the defeat of the Lumum­ you a great deal and will keep of you a baist guerillas and the routing of the set­ living and edifying remembrance .... I tler led army of Col. Jean Schramme has want you to know that you will always been pricked. Independent African be welcome here and that at all times, states and United States led my house will be open to you. imperialism-the forces which sighed A letter from Mobutu Sese Seko to with relief at Mobutu Sese Seko's con­ white mercenary leader "Made Mike" solidation of power in the late 1960's - Hoare. are apprehensive because of two recent The liberators of the Congo will spr­ stiff challenges to Mobutu's supposedly ing from the blood of Lumumba . monolithic popular regime. PRP, Popular Revolutionary Party of the Congo (Zaire) has operated armed Lauren! Kabila The first crack in the facade of struggle in the eastern part of Zaire. The PRP .are related to earlier Lumumba led authenticity - an assassination attempt revolutionary forces,-1111dhave been integrating M-L-M into the armed struggle to I left his chamber realizing that I had directed at Mobu : which killed six of liberate Zaire from neo-colonialism. They abducted 4 U.S. students near Zaire­ been priviledged to spend some short his bodyguards - weni almost unnoticed Tanzania border in May to apply pressure for the investigation as to the where months in the presence of one of the because of rigid controls on the Zairean abouts and release of kidnapped PRP members of over 2 years. truly great Africans of our times, and media. The second challenge tc RACISMON OUR BACKS,BOSSES IN OUR POCKETS one for whom I had nothing but (Continued on page ]) AND THE UNION ISOUTTO LUNCH On June 7th in Homestead, workers of America played in dis­ MURDER BY FIRE!! Pennsylvania , Black steel workers from crimination against minority workers NEWARK'S SLUMLORDS GENOCIDAL the Homestead Plant of United States and asked why they were not also defen­ Steel met at the MUSA Center to dis­ dants in the case. Many of the workers CONSPIRACY TO BURN OUR PEOPLE cuss a suit against United States Steel present expressed that there was no for discrimination, filed by two black black representation in the Union and steel workers , James Turner and John that the · needs of black workers, Rogers and the meaning of the Consent therefore, were not met. Decree. The attorney representing Rogers and Lawyers from the N.A .A.C.P. Legal Turner pointed out that in their suit, the Defense Fund spoke of the suit that they government , United States Steel, and filed against nine basic steel producing United Steel Workers of America local companies and the government for dis­ I 397 were all defendants. The Rogers­ crimination against national minorities Turner VS. U.S. Steel suit was filed in and women steel workers. During the 197l and claims tha·t Black steel workers discussion of the N.A.A.C.P. suit, one in Homestead suffer discrimination from: of the workers in the audience raised an important factor about the sellout role l. Testing procedures and methods (Continued on pal(e 4) that union officials of the United Steel Education Crisis - Albany On May 25, ·1975, two Black Albany mg arrests of Black students who were High School yout hs were attacked by a defending themselve s against this attack gang of white youths in a predominan­ has exposed the institution of the public tly white community on Madison schools to be no different from other Avenue. Three days later, one of the corrupt, racist institutions and has white students involved in the May 25 brought together parents, students, and incident (about 2 hours after being other concerned people to organize sup­ suspended from Albany High School port for Black students' right to self for attacking another Black student and defense from violence and their right to for possessing a can of mace) led 15-20 quality education. white students with bats, golf clubs, The Albany Congress of Afrikan chains, wrenches, and a gun in still People initiated several meetings which 0 ahother physical attack against Black have developed into a strong, militant parent led organization which is deman­ More than 670 fires have raged and further intensifying the housing students. (Con1inued on page 8) through Newark's predominately Black crisis in Newark which is the deadly The Black students of the High and Puerto Rican community in the last product of the general crisis ii} School fought back in a battle which 3 months killing more than 60 people, capitalism on its deathbed both at home lasted · almost two hours, saw six and abroad. 60 people burned alive in students injured, and the subsequent BLACK LIBERA1ION these firetraps because these criminal arrest of 16 students. Eight of those slumlords have conspired to set their students were Black and were charged SOCIALIST REVOLUTION property afire to collect huge insurance with Riot and Assault! VICTORY TO ALL claims from these rat & roach ridden The handling by the school officials of OPPRESSED PEOPLE tenements! the racist attacks by the white students (Cominurd on~ 5) with bats, and chains, etc. and the result- August, 1975 Page 2 Unity & Struggle p LE ARE PRP LIBERATION FORCES IN ZAIRE ZIMBABWE PEO · TELL THEIR SIDE OF STORY (cont.) THEIR OWN LIBERATORS NO' TO DETENTE ' h • ed an due to the slave wage s paid the cheap T.he past few year s ha~: ~~r~~ . long African labor.) . era m which, throughot t les and It is in this ltght : the bnlltant gains of oppressed and strugg ing theoiffensive the Zimbabwe resistance as well as the , nations have taken over . teories The danger to imperialist and racist plunder and have won great v1c · . h b ' . f V' Cambodi a that the recent conspiracy as to e seen. liberation . 0 n:tn:i:~mbique ar~ The President of Zambia , Kenneth G~mea-B,ssau la f th 's trend Kaunda , has arrested 1,400 of the 1 bnlltant examp es O · fi · I · ZANU H' I The eople of Zimbabwe have not highest of 1c1a. sin . IS ame ex- b n efctuded from this historic move cuse was to 1nv st1gate t.h.e cowardly ee d f · e the early 70's murder of ZAN Us7 chief m1lttary leader, forwar I n act, smc • h · their lib.eration fighters , after years of CHffEPO , who the w o 1e wodd , m- setbacks, have cut the corner and have cludmg .Kaunda, kn?ws was killed by steadily gained the initative . Also to at- 1mpenaltst plot for his noble defense of tack anywhere in Zimbabwe, the main the Zimbabwe Revolution and against liberation force - ZANU - had struck any betra~als. fear and terror at the root of the racist , Trampling on accepted. international minority regime. By 1975, it had norms, the Zambian President . has also liberated 50,000 square miles of the nor- in.terferred m the internal affairs of the theast and was, according to Western Zimbabwean revolution , .he has caUed intelligence, capable of smashing the for the various .organ~zat1ons for Zim- last stronghold of the racist es- b.abwe's hberatton . disbanded , and a tablishment in the next few months. It single sellout organization formed , the Patrice Lumumba. former leader of the revolutio nary anti -imperialist · must be emphasized that the liberation end of armed struggle a~d a start .of forces in the Congo, killed in 1960 by U.S. CIA coup hea ded by the of Mozambique had also add~d impetus "de.te.nte" and dialogue wit~ the racist present president of Zaire (Congo), Joseph Sese Sek u Mobutu, a long to the liberation struggle while further regime. These , the Zimbabwean time U.S. lackey. weaken ing the racist regime. _ revol1.1tion and peo.ple}a".'~. vehemently (Continued J;om paxe I) Col. Joseph Desire Mobutu, a former ZIMBABWE (Rhodosia) 1s an Af- opposed. The massive NO to so-called Mobutuism- the abduction of four persona l secretary to Lumumba before rican nation where 250,000 whites con- "Constitutional .settlement" of Britain's foreign students from neighboring capitulating to the C IA. trol the wealth and destiny of the more Pierce Comm1ss1on 1s enough evidence . Tanzania by anti-Mobutu guerillas- has The United Nations actively aided the than 5 million blacks. Apart from We, the undersigned , know that the reverberated around the world. puppets by refusing Lumumba freedom neighboring South Africa, it is the only imperia.list cons.piracy against Zim- Africa in general and Zaire's nine sur­ of movement and use of the national society where a whole nation has been babwe 1s not an isolated phonome.n.on. rounding neighbors in particular are radio station. The Kasavubu clique had literally enslaved : to labor and cater for It is part of a new react1?nary, poltttcal shaken by these recent events. The nine access to radio facilities across the river the tiny minority and the international counter~attack.
Recommended publications
  • Gender and Decolonization in the Congo: the Legacy of Patrice Lumumba (2010) - Not Even Past

    Gender and Decolonization in the Congo: the Legacy of Patrice Lumumba (2010) - Not Even Past

    Gender and Decolonization in the Congo: The Legacy of Patrice Lumumba (2010) - Not Even Past BOOKS FILMS & MEDIA THE PUBLIC HISTORIAN BLOG TEXAS OUR/STORIES STUDENTS ABOUT 15 MINUTE HISTORY "The past is never dead. It's not even past." William Faulkner NOT EVEN PAST Tweet 0 Like THE PUBLIC HISTORIAN Gender and Decolonization in the Congo: The Legacy of Patrice Making History: Houston’s “Spirit of the Lumumba (2010) Confederacy” by Tosin Abiodun In the 1960s the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) emerged as a political ‘hot spot’ in Africa. The transition from decades of Belgian colonial brutality and paternalism to independence, as historical records reveal, did not go smoothly. Gender and Decolonization in the Congo departs markedly from most work on this process by focusing on gender. There is a tendency on the part of May 06, 2020 scholars to neglect gender in their histories of decolonization in Africa. Political scientists, for instance, are apt to focus on the rise of the Cold War rivalry More from The Public Historian between the United States and the Soviet Union. Much historical scholarship on the DRC shows enthusiasm for resolving puzzles arising from the perennial question: BOOKS who assassinated Patrice Lumumba? Karen Bouwer delivers on her stated goal, to draw attention to America for Americans: A History of Congolese women’s active role in the politics of Xenophobia in the United States by decolonization. Overall, the study goes a long way toward Erika Lee (2019) presenting the first truly groundbreaking investigation of women’s political participation in the DRC. Bouwer illustrates women’s contribution to politics with a narrative woven around the life and popular representation of Patrice Lumumba.
  • Patrice Lumumba and the Struggle for African Independence by Douglas Cioffi and April Francis

    Patrice Lumumba and the Struggle for African Independence by Douglas Cioffi and April Francis

    Patrice Lumumba and the Struggle for African Independence by Douglas Cioffi and April Francis Revolutionary leaders have generally been both deified and pilloried by contemporaries and historians. Evaluations of revolutionaries often depend on the political points of view of commentators and their attitudes toward the revolution itself, its causes, achievements and troubles. Patrice Lumumba (1925-1961) led the struggle in the 1950s against Belgium’s colonial rule in the Congo and helped guide his nation to independence in 1960. He has been a lightening rod for praise and condemnation. Some see him as a martyr who was assassinated by forces aligned with the old colonial regime and other imperialist powers because of his commitment to genuine political and economic independence for his people. Others describe him as an unscrupulous politician and demagogue responsible for the devastation of his country and civil war. The history of the Congo in west-central Africa is a case study in colonial exploitation and the problems of nation building after independence. In 1887, the Congo was taken as a personal fiefdom by Belgian King Leopold II. Under the façade of creating a “civilized” nation, Leopold enslaved the people of the Congo and raped it for its natural resources. Horrific tactics were used to force the Congolese people to work on rubber plantations. Someone could have a hand cut off for refusing to work or working too slowly. Families were held as hostages to force men into the fields. In 1908, as the scale of these atrocities became widely known, Leopold transferred control over the colony to the Belgium government.
  • Development, Post-Leninism and Revolution in Africa

    Development, Post-Leninism and Revolution in Africa

    The African e-Journals Project has digitized full text of articles of eleven social science and humanities journals. This item is from the digital archive maintained by Michigan State University Library. Find more at: http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/ Available through a partnership with Scroll down to read the article. Development, Post-Leninism and Revolution in Africa Ernest Wamba-Dia-Wamba Theories and practices of development are increasingly said to be in emu'1 Is this not another proof that, in most cases if not in all, theories and prac- tices of development have been but theories (ideologies) and practices for further integration of the "less developed countries" into the world capitalist economic hierarchical system now in a prolonged crisis? In fact, can 'national developmentalism', a localised version of progressrvism2 or moder- nism (both variants: perfectibilism and millenarianism), be anything other than bourgeois and capitalist? Communities that have refused to participate in the process of capitalist integration have been either exterminated (eg. in the Americas: Indian com- munities3 ) or are in a process of being wiped out (northern Brazil) or when they have survived, despite state organised systematic pressure to force them to participate (remaining communities of hunters and gatherers,, Hzabe of Tanzania,4 Pygmies of the Equatorial forest, Khoi-San of Southern Africa, etc.). On the other hand, the unsuccessful attempt by Kampuchea,5 under the leadership of the Khazmer Rouges to break away from the world capitalist market, triggered off an intense sentimental and ideological cam- paign of denigration almost universally authorizing the military invasion of Kampuchea.
  • Jeremy Mcmaster Rich

    Jeremy Mcmaster Rich

    Jeremy McMaster Rich Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences Marywood University 2300 Adams Avenue, Scranton, PA 18509 570-348-6211 extension 2617 [email protected] EDUCATION Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. Ph.D., History, June 2002 Thesis: “Eating Disorders: A Social History of Food Supply and Consumption in Colonial Libreville, 1840-1960.” Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Phyllis Martin Major Field: African history. Minor Fields: Modern West European history, African Studies Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. M.A., History, December 1994 University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. B.A. with Honors, History, June 1993 Dean’s List 1990-1991, 1992-1993 TEACHING Marywood University, Scranton, PA. Associate Professor, Dept. of Social Sciences, 2011- Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN. Associate Professor, Dept. of History, 2007-2011 Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN. Assistant Professor, Dept. of History, 2006-2007 University of Maine at Machias, Machias, ME. Assistant Professor, Dept. of History, 2005-2006 Cabrini College, Radnor, PA. Assistant Professor (term contract), Dept. of History, 2002-2004 Colby College, Waterville, ME. Visiting Instructor, Dept. of History, 2001-2002 CLASSES TAUGHT African History survey, African-American History survey (2 semesters), Atlantic Slave Trade, Christianity in Modern Africa (online and on-site), College Success, Contemporary Africa, France and the Middle East, Gender in Modern Africa, Global Environmental History in the Twentieth Century, Historical Methods (graduate course only), Historiography, Modern Middle East History, US History survey to 1877 and 1877-present (2 semesters), Women in Modern Africa (online and on-site courses), Twentieth Century Global History, World History survey to 1500 and 1500 to present (2 semesters, distance and on-site courses) BOOKS With Douglas Yates.
  • Von Wildgänsen Und Pmcs

    Von Wildgänsen Und Pmcs

    Von Wildgänsen und PMCs. Der Wandel in der gesellschaftlichen Wahrnehmung von Söldnern in Film und Fernsehen. Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Eingereicht von David Christopher Jaklin, Mag. phil. am Institut für Geschichte Erstbegutachter: Dieter-Anton Binder, Ao. Univ.-Prof. Dr.phil. tit. Univ.-Prof. Zweitbegutachter: Helmut Konrad, O.Univ.-Prof. Dr.phil. Dr.h.c. 2017 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort 5 I. Einleitung 6 A. Vorgehensweise 8 B. Aufbau der Arbeit 9 C. Verwendete Quellen und Literatur 10 II. Die Problematik der Terminologie 13 D. Definitions- und Differenzierungsversuche 14 1. Völkerrecht und internationale Organisationen 14 2. Die Problembeurteilung des UN Special Rapporteur on the use of mercenaries 19 E. Wissenschaftlicher Diskurs – ein Abwägen der Grauzonen 19 1. Differenzierung von Söldnern und PMCs 19 2. Das Artikulieren der definitorischen Grauzonen 21 3. Tim Spicer – aus den Augen und dem Mund eines Beteiligten 22 4. Die Rückkehr zum alten Söldnerbegriff 23 5. Die moralische Bewertung der “Söldner” 24 F. Exkurs: Die historische Genese der Söldner 25 1. Die Condottieri 26 2. Die Reisläufer 28 3. Die Landsknechte 29 4. Der Krieg im Wandel – der 30-jährige Krieg als Zäsur 29 G. Zwischenfazit – Das Spannungsfeld der Definition 31 H. Die für diese Arbeit verwendete Definition 33 I. Vorgehensweise und Methode 33 J. Forschungsfragen 37 III. Narrative und Stereotypen 38 K. Die weißen Söldner 40 1. Dark of the Sun – The Mercenaries – Katanga 42 2. The Wild Geese und Daniel Carneys Blick auf die Weißen Söldner seiner Zeit 49 3. The Dogs of War und Frederick Forsyths Beitrag zum Genre 56 4.
  • Seychelles.Html the Case of the “Seychelles” the Truth Commission Files

    Seychelles.Html the Case of the “Seychelles” the Truth Commission Files

    http://www.contrast.org/truth/html/seychelles.html The Case Of The “Seychelles” The Truth Commission Files [Seych-Report] Date (coup attempt): 25 November 1981 Place: Mahé International Airport on Mahé Island (Seychelles) Name Victim: Objective of the coup was to bring down the Seychelles government of President France-Albert René and to re-install the former President James Mancham. Information Victim: President France-Albert René: he ousted the former President Mancham in the 1977 coup [SE:167]. Mancham had been 'enthusiastically wooed by former information Secretary Eschel Rhoodie as a politically ally' and SA was unhappy with the rule of René. After the overthrow of Mancham, SA aircraft landing rights were withdrawn and SA'n economic overtures collapsed. [S.Tribune 29/11/81] Perpetrators: Hoare and his 43 mercenaries (Notes*1) were disguised as tourists: rugbyplayers and members of a beer-drinking group called the "Ancient Order of Frothblowers." They arrived in a Royal Swazi jet on Mahé, carrying their own weapons. Nine mercs (members of Hoare's advance guard) were already on the island on the evening of Wednesday, 25 November 1981. Perpetrators information: -In 1978 Seychelles exiles in SA, acting on behalf of ex-president James Mancham, began discussions with officials concerning a coup attempt to be launched in Seychelles.[SE:172] Gérard Hoareau, Seychelle dissident, was one of the authors of the 1981 coup attempt. Later expelled from SA. -As coup plans developed, the operation became en object of struggle between the Military Intelligence service (MI) and the civilian one (NIS). The SA Government allocated the coup operation to MI, but appointed Martin Dolinchek as a liaison officer on behalf of the NIS.
  • Death in the Congo: Murdering Patrice Lumumba PDF Book

    Death in the Congo: Murdering Patrice Lumumba PDF Book

    DEATH IN THE CONGO: MURDERING PATRICE LUMUMBA PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Emmanuel Gerard | 252 pages | 10 Feb 2015 | HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS | 9780674725270 | English | Cambridge, Mass, United States Death in the Congo: Murdering Patrice Lumumba PDF Book Gordon rated it it was ok Jun 13, This feud paved the way for the takeover by Congolese army chief Colonel Mobutu Sese Seko, who placed Patrice Lumumba under house arrest, guarded by his troops and the United Nations troops. I organised it. Wilson Omali Yeshitela. During an address by Ambassador Stevenson before the Security Council, a demonstration led by American blacks began in the visitors gallery. The Assassination of Lumumba illustrated ed. Sort order. This failed when Lumumba flatly refused the position of prime minister in a Kasa-Vubu government. It is suspected to have planned an assassination as disclosed by a source in the book, Death in the Congo , written by Emmanuel Gerard and published in If you wish to know more about the life story, legacy, or even philosophies of Lumumba, we suggest you engage in further reading as that will be beyond the scope of this article. As a result of strong pressure from delegates upset by Lumumba's trial, he was released and allowed to attend the Brussels conference. Paulrus rated it really liked it Jun 15, Time magazine characterized his speech as a 'venomous attack'. He was the leader of the largest political party in the country [Mouvement National Congolais], but one that never controlled more than twenty-five percent of the electorate on its own. As Madeleine G.
  • Culture Clash: the Influence of Behavioural Norms on Military Performance in Asymmetric Conflicts

    Culture Clash: the Influence of Behavioural Norms on Military Performance in Asymmetric Conflicts

    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Innovations: A Journal of Politics Volume 8, 2008-2009 2008 Culture Clash: The Influence of Behavioural Norms on Military Performance in Asymmetric Conflicts Fitzsimmons, Scott http://hdl.handle.net/1880/112888 journal article © Innovations: A Journal of Politics 1998-2052 Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca Volume 8 – 2008-2009 CULTURE CLASH: THE INFLUENCE OF BEHAVIOURAL NORMS ON MILITARY PERFORMANCE IN ASYMMETRIC CONFLICTS Scott Fitzsimmons Department of Political Science University of Calgary Abstract – This paper establishes the ways in which the military cultures of mercenary groups and their opponents influence their military performance in asymmetric conflicts. It develops and tests a constructivist military culture theory of military performance against the empirical record of two modern mercenary groups, one of which achieved victory over its opponent and one of which was defeated. The core logic of the theory is that a grossly outnumbered force must be highly flexible and adaptable if it is to perform the range of military tasks required to defeat materially superior opponents. Norms encouraging the pursuit of a wider range of tactical behaviour should increase military effectiveness, which, in turn, should increase a group’s prospects for military success. If the theory is correct, a military force’s performance should be conditioned by the degree to which the members of the force have been indoctrinated into norms that encourage them to be militarily effective. Specifically, the theory reasons that military forces that strongly emphasize norms encouraging creative thinking, decentralized authority, personal initiative, technical proficiency, and group loyalty, should exhibit greater militarily effectiveness than forces that deemphasize these norms.
  • The Case for Mercenaries in Africa Mayank S Bubna Mr

    The Case for Mercenaries in Africa Mayank S Bubna Mr

    IDSA Issue Brief IDSIDSAA IssueIssue BrBriefief 1 The Case for Mercenaries in Africa Mayank S Bubna Mr. Mayank Bubna is Visiting Fellow at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. Summary Despite the concerns surrounding the use of mercenaries, they remain an indispensable force on the African continent, so much so that they have been welcomed by governments, and grudgingly even been accepted by NGOs, international organizations and civilians. Private militaries are never going to completely go out of business because of the critical need for such services on the African continent. With the world unwilling to intervene in far-off conflicts, institutionalizing such a private force will almost inevitably become necessary to bring about regional stability. The Case for Mercenaries in Africa 2 In 1998, former UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan, stated in a speech that “When we had need of skilled soldiers to separate fighters from refugees in the Rwandan refugee camps in Goma, I even considered the possibility of engaging a private firm. But the world may not be ready to privatize peace.”1 In some ways, he was revisiting an age-old international dilemma over the recruitment of private soldiers to manage deadly conflicts around the globe. Plenty of debate has occurred around the blight of mercenaries – freelance soldiers for hire – especially those operating in Africa. They have been blamed for everything ranging from inciting further conflict and committing human rights violations, to illicit arms sales and neo-imperialism. Like all stereotypes, there is an element of truth in such accusations. Mercenaries in Africa earned themselves particular infamy during the 1960s and 1970s due to the activities of people like “Mad Mike” Hoare, Bob Denard and Jean Schramme who caused mayhem in various parts of the continent like in the Seychelles, Comoros and the Congo, amongst other places.
  • British Withdrawal from India, 1945

    British Withdrawal from India, 1945

    Problem Based Learning (PBL) and ‘Reacting to the Past’ Role Play ‐ Take Home Workshop Pack for History Leaving Certificate British Withdrawal from India, 1945-1947 British Withdrawal from India, 1945‐1947 The Secession of Katanga, 1960 –1965 Problem Based Learning (PBL) Aims and Objectives of the Workshop • To inform in-service teachers about the total education strategy and teaching and learning technique of integrating PBL and Reacting to the Past as an efficient Pedagogy. • PBL challenges learners to tackle real problems and issues related to their area of study or their professional domain and is a total education strategy as well as being a teaching and learning technique. Furthermore, PBL is flexible as a pedagogical approach and can be used cross curriculum and as a scaffold for group work, case studies, independent research, presentations, seminar discussions and written reports. • PBL can be utilized to tackle Development issues such as population growth and carrying capacity, independence and interdependence, individual and community, resource development and resource depletion, renewable energy, ecological footprint, fair trade, production & consumption, injustices and inequalities, culture, ethics, human rights, local, national and international governance, legislation, cooperation, competition, needs and wants and much more. ‘Reacting to the Past’ Role Play • Reacting to the Past is a pedagogy involving collaborative role playing in history-based games. • Role playing has long been used as a novel, engaging, and active learning method in which students spontaneously act out characters assigned to them within a social scenario (Bolton, 1979, 1998; Ladousse, 1987; Livingston, 1983; McCaslin, 2005; O’Toole & Dunn, 2002; Thiagarajan, 1996). • Practitioners and theorists alike have suggested that role playing produces numerous benefits.
  • Vietnam War Turning Back the Clock 93 Year Old Arctic Convoy Veteran Visits Russian Ship

    Vietnam War Turning Back the Clock 93 Year Old Arctic Convoy Veteran Visits Russian Ship

    Military Despatches Vol 33 March 2020 Myths and misconceptions Things we still get wrong about the Vietnam War Turning back the clock 93 year old Arctic Convoy veteran visits Russian ship Battle of Ia Drang First battle between the Americans and NVA For the military enthusiast CONTENTS March 2020 Click on any video below to view How much do you know about movie theme songs? Take our quiz and find out. Hipe’s Wouter de The old South African Page 14 Goede interviews former Defence Force used 28’s gang boss David a mixture of English, South Vietnamese Williams. Afrikaans, slang and techno-speak that few Special Forces outside the military could hope to under- stand. Some of the terms Features 32 were humorous, some Weapons and equipment were clever, while others 6 We look at some of the uniforms were downright crude. Ten myths about Vietnam and equipment used by the US Marine Corps in Vietnam dur- Although it ended almost 45 ing the 1960s years ago, there are still many Part of Hipe’s “On the myths and misconceptions 34 couch” series, this is an about the Vietnam War. We A matter of survival 26 interview with one of look at ten myths and miscon- This month we look at fish and author Herman Charles ceptions. ‘Mad Mike’ dies aged 100 fishing for survival. Bosman’s most famous 20 Michael “Mad Mike” Hoare, characters, Oom Schalk widely considered one of the 30 Turning back the clock Ranks Lourens. Hipe spent time in world’s best known mercenary, A taxi driver was shot When the Russian missile cruis- has died aged 100.
  • Congo to Zaire – and Back

    Congo to Zaire – and Back

    Page 1 of 7 CONGO TO ZAIRE – AND BACK When I was an English schoolboy – many years ago! – one (of many) dates was drummed into me: 1066, the year the Normans overturned the Saxon kingdom of Harold: if a similarly significant date were to be selected for Africa, it would undoubtedly be 1960 when no less than 18 colonies gained their independence, and of these, the largest, the richest and the youngest – only 52 years old – was the Belgian Congo. Twice the size of South Africa, but possibly of greater diversity: from dense tropical jungles sheltering the rare okapi, to snow-capped mountains, vast prairie-like grasslands, mile-high blue lakes overlooked by volcanoes inhabited by gorillas… the list is endless. A diverse population too, speaking well over 500 languages, with a rich artistic culture, in sculpture, weaving, music… The legendary wealth of Congo, once described as “a geological scandal” includes copper & industrial diamonds, cobalt & cassiterite, gold & niobium… the list is endless. Agricultural produce such as palmoil, coffee, cotton, tea were also exported in significant quantities… but its greatest wealth in many ways is the Congo River, 2 nd -mightiest in the world, sweeping like a silver highway from East to West, crossing the Equator twice, before tumbling down to the Atlantic: and in these last 100km the hydro-electric potential – the equivalent of S. Africa’s total present energy generation – could give the country an economic kick-start… 3RD Feb 1960 “The Wind of Change is blowing through this Continent” warned Prime Minister Harold Macmillan, and he was certainly better placed than most of us in Africa to predict the momentous events which were to unfold within the next few months & years.