Dissertação Luciana Neves Mendes

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Dissertação Luciana Neves Mendes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro A REPRESENTAÇÃO DAS PERSONAGENS FEMININAS PRINCIPAIS DE A MEGERA DOMADA DE WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE EM DUAS ADAPTAÇÕES PARA O CINEMA E A TELEVISÃO Luciana Neves Mendes 2011 A REPRESENTAÇÃO DAS PERSONAGENS FEMININAS PRINCIPAIS DE A MEGERA DOMADA DE WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE EM DUAS ADAPTAÇÕES PARA O CINEMA E A TELEVISÃO Luciana Neves Mendes Dissertação apresentada ao Programa Interdisciplinar de Pós-Graduação em Linguística Aplicada, da Faculdade de Letras, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Linguística Aplicada. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Roberto Ferreira da Rocha Rio de Janeiro Setembro de 2011 M538r Mendes, Luciana Neves. A representação das personagens femininas principais de A megera domada de William Shakespeare em duas adaptações para o cinema e a televisão / Luciana Neves Mendes. – Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ, 2011. 203 f. : il. color. ; 30 cm. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Roberto Ferreira da Rocha. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Letras Anglo-Germânicas, Programa Interdisciplinar de Linguística Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro, 2011. Bibliografia: f. 194-203. 1. Linguística aplicada. 2. Shakespeare, William (1564- 1616) - A megera domada – Adaptações. 3. Cinema e literatura. 4. Mulheres na literatura. I. Título. II. Rocha, Roberto Ferreira da. CDD 822.33 Ficha elaborada pela Biblioteca José de Alencar – Faculdade de Letras/UFRJ A REPRESENTAÇÃO DAS PERSONAGENS FEMININAS PRINCIPAIS DE A MEGERA DOMADA DE WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE EM DUAS ADAPTAÇÕES PARA O CINEMA E A TELEVISÃO Luciana Neves Mendes Orientador: Prof. Dr. Roberto Ferreira da Rocha Dissertação submetida ao Programa Interdisciplinar de Pós-Graduação em Linguística Aplicada, da Faculdade de Letras, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Linguística Aplicada. Aprovada por: ______________________________________________________________________ Presidente – Prof. Dr. Roberto Ferreira da Rocha (Orientador) ______________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. João Luiz Vieira - UFF ______________________________________________________________________ Profª. Emérita Drª. Marlene Soares dos Santos - UFRJ ______________________________________________________________________ Profª. Drª. Fernanda Teixeira de Medeiros – UERJ (Suplente) ______________________________________________________________________ Profª. Drª. Luciana Villas Bôas Castelo Branco – UFRJ (Suplente) Rio de Janeiro Setembro de 2011 DEDICATÓRIA À minha mãe. AGRADECIMENTOS À minha mãe, que sempre me apoiou incondicionalmente em todas as minhas decisões e me ajudou a realizar não só esse, como também outros projetos. Ao meu orientador, Professor Doutor Roberto Ferreira da Rocha, por ter aceitado meu projeto de pesquisa e me orientado durante esses dois anos e meio, compartilhando seu conhecimento. À Professora Doutora Marlene Soares dos Santos, pelas aulas maravilhosas sobre Shakespeare. Ao Professor Doutor João Luiz Vieira, por me fazer ver um filme de outra maneira. A todos os professores que contribuíram para a minha formação intelectual, em especial às professoras Doutora Maria Clara Castellões de Oliveira pela orientação durante o curso de bacharelado na UFJF que foi de grande importância na minha formação acadêmica e Doutora Solange Ribeiro de Oliveira que me apresentou aos estudos sobre adaptação durante o curso de especialização na UFMG. A CAPES, pela bolsa de estudo, sem a qual a conclusão do curso de mestrado e dessa pesquisa seria mais difícil. A Folger Shakespeare Library, que permitiu meu acesso ao seu acervo. Aos meus amigos e colegas, que de forma direta ou indireta, me ajudaram durante a realização do curso e dessa dissertação, em especial Daniele Souza, Fred Mendes, Tiago Pellim e Marcel Alvaro de Amorim. Sempre fomos o que os homens disseram que nós éramos. Agora somos nós que vamos dizer o que somos. Lygia Fagundes Telles ( As meninas , 1973) RESUMO A REPRESENTAÇÃO DAS PERSONAGENS FEMININAS PRINCIPAIS DE A MEGERA DOMADA DE WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE EM DUAS ADAPTAÇÕES PARA O CINEMA E A TELEVISÃO Luciana Neves Mendes Orientador: Prof. Dr. Roberto Ferreira da Rocha Resumo da Dissertação de Mestrado submetida ao Programa Interdisciplinar de Pós- Graduação em Linguística Aplicada, da Faculdade de Letras, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Linguística Aplicada. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo central analisar a representação das personagens femininas principais da peça A Megera Domada de William Shakespeare, Katherina e Bianca Minola, em duas adaptações, uma para o cinema e outra para a televisão, 10 Coisas que Eu Odeio em Você , de Gil Junger (1999) e A Megera Domada , de David Richards (2005), respectivamente. Essa análise será feita a partir dos estudos elaborados pelas teóricas feministas do cinema, Laura Mulvey (1983), E. Ann Kaplan (1995) e Elizabeth Cowie (1997), que fizeram uso da psicanálise, em especial da questão da escopofilia, para analisarem como a mulher é representada nas telas. Também nos basearemos nas análises de Friedman (2004), Resende (2004), Pittman (2004, 2011), Deitchman (2005), Clement (2008) e Kidnie (2009) feitas para os respectivos filmes. Além disso, faremos um breve panorama histórico da condição da mulher na sociedade e dos diversos discursos em relação às mesmas ao longo dos tempos a fim de mostrarmos que alguns velhos estereótipos vinculados ao feminino ainda permanecem. Daremos uma atenção especial a uma figura muito comum na época em que Shakespeare escreveu sua peça, a megera, tanto na sociedade quanto na literatura; além de apresentarmos algumas das principais leituras feitas para a peça que nos ajudarão a compreender como os diretores das adaptações escolhidas abordaram o texto fonte. Palavras-chave: mulheres, cinema, A Megera Domada , William Shakespeare Rio de Janeiro Setembro de 2011 ABSTRACT A REPRESENTAÇÃO DAS PERSONAGENS FEMININAS PRINCIPAIS DE A MEGERA DOMADA DE WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE EM DUAS ADAPTAÇÕES PARA O CINEMA E A TELEVISÃO Luciana Neves Mendes Orientador: Prof. Dr. Roberto Ferreira da Rocha Abstract da Dissertação de Mestrado submetida ao Programa Interdisciplinar de Pós- Graduação em Linguística Aplicada, da Faculdade de Letras, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Linguística Aplicada. This thesis has as its main goal the analysis of the representation of the main female characters of The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare, Katherina and Bianca Minola, in two adaptations made for the cinema and television, 10 Things I Hate About You , by Gil Junger (1999) and The Taming of the Shrew , by David Richards (2005), respectively. We will base our analysis on the studies conducted by the feminist theorists of cinema, Laura Mulvey (1983), E. Ann Kaplan (1995), and Elizabeth Cowie (1997), who used psychoanalisys, especially the concept of escopophilia, to analyse how women are portrayed on screen. Our analysis of the films will also be based on Friedman (2004), Resende (2004), Pittman (2004, 2011), Deitchman (2005), Clement (2008) and Kidnie (2009). Besides, we will present a brief historical panorama on the female condition in society and the many discourses related to them along the centuries in order to show that a number of old stereotypes connected to the feminine still remains. We will focus on the shrew, a very common personage in the Shakespearean age, both in society and in literature; as well as present some of the main readings of the play that will help us understand how the directors approached the text. Key-words: women, cinema, The Taming of the Shrew , William Shakespeare Rio de Janeiro Setembro de 2011 SUMÁRIO Lista de Ilustrações 11 Introdução 14 1. A história das mulheres 19 1.1. Um breve panorama da história das mulheres ao longo dos tempos 20 1.2. Mitos, representações e modelos femininos – os diferentes discursos em relação às mulheres 46 2. A megera 65 2.1. Scolds e shrews 65 2.2. A figura das scolds e shrews na literatura 69 2.2.1. As megeras de Shakespeare 76 2.2.2. As personagens femininas na peça A Megera Domada 78 2.2.2.1 Katherina Minola 78 2.2.2.2. Bianca Minola 87 2.3. As diversas leituras de A Megera Domada 90 2.3.1. Nada além de uma farsa 91 2.3.2. Ambiguidades, paradoxos e jogos 97 2.3.3. Sexismo e violência 99 3. Cinema e literatura ou literatura e cinema 104 3.1. Shakespeare em adaptações 107 3.2. A Megera Domada nas telas 113 4. As teorias feministas do cinema – a representação da mulher nas telas 120 4.1. 10 Coisas que Eu Odeio em Você (1999) 129 4.1.1. Katherine Stratford 132 4.1.2. Bianca Startford 151 4.2. A Megera Domada (2005) 156 4.2.1. Katherine Minola 157 4.2.2. Bianca Minola 182 Considerações Finais 189 Referências Bibliográficas 194 11 LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figuras 1 – Cucking stool 66 Figura 2 – Scold’s bridle 69 Figuras 3 a 7 – Primeiras impressões sobre Kat Stratford 132 Figura 8 – Kat arranca o pôster anunciando a festa de formatura 133 Figuras 9 e 10 – Sr. Morgan demonstra sua impaciência e insatisfação 134 Figuras 11 e 12 – Kat e Bianca conversam no banheiro 139 Figuras 13 a 15 – Patrick observa Kat enquanto ela dança 141 Figura 16 – Kat começa a beber 142 Figuras 17 a 24 – Kat dança sensualmente na mesa enquanto todos a olham 142 Figura 25 – Kat parece encantada com Patrick 144 Figura 26 – Kat parace se sentir lisonjeada com a declaração de Patrick 146 Figura 27 e 28 – Kat ajuda Patrick a sair do castigo atraindo a atenção do professor, mas sua atitude a envergonha 146 Figura 29 – Kat observa a irmã Bianca 148 Figura 30 – Kat se sente traída por Patrick 148 Figura 31 – Dr. Stratford deixa Kat ir para Sarah Lawrence 149 Figura 32 – Declamando sua versão para o soneto 141, Kat chora 150 Figura 33 – Visão panorâmica do estacionamento do colégio 151 Figuras 34 a 37 – Bianca atrai a atenção de Cameron 152 Figuras 38 a 40 – Joey se interessa por Bianca, forma-se o triângulo amoroso 153 Figura 41 – Bianca beija Cameron no carro 154 Figuras 42 e 43 – Bianca passa por uma transformação 155 Figuras 44 e 45 – Dr.
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