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Negativní Dopady Sledování Youtube Na Děti Ve Věku 6-7 Let

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Negativní Dopady Sledování Youtube Na Děti Ve Věku 6-7 Let STŘEDOŠKOLSKÁ ODBORNÁ ČINNOST Obor č. 14: Pedagogika, psychologie, sociologie a problematika volného času Negativní dopady sledování Youtube na děti ve věku 6-7 let Matěj Plachta Jihočeský kraj Vodňany, 2019 STŘEDOŠKOLSKÁ ODBORNÁ ČINNOST Obor č. 14: Pedagogika, psychologie, sociologie a problematika volného času Negativní dopady sledování Youtube na děti ve věku 6-7 let Negative impacts of watching Youtube on children aged 6-7 years Autor: Matěj Plachta Škola: Česko-anglické gymnázium České Budějovice, Třebízského 1010/9, 370 06 České Budějovice Kraj: Jihočeský kraj Konzultantka: Mgr. Jana Pechová Vodňany Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem svou práci SOČ vypracoval/a samostatně a použil/a jsem pouze prameny a literaturu uvedené v seznamu bibliografických záznamů. Prohlašuji, že tištěná verze a elektronická verze soutěžní práce SOČ jsou shodné. Nemám závažný důvod proti zpřístupňování této práce v souladu se zákonem č. 121/2000 Sb., o právu autorském, o právech souvisejících s právem autorským a o změně některých zákonů (autorský zákon) ve znění pozdějších předpisů. V Českých Budějovicích dne datum ……………………………………………… Matěj Plachta Poděkování Poděkovat bych chtěl zejména své interní konzultantce Mgr. Janě Pechové za skvělé vedení práce a inspiraci. Dále bych chtěl poděkovat Mgr. Petru Klierovi za trpělivost a Mgr. Evě Draslarové za cennou pomoc při technických nesnázích. Velké díky vděčím též své babičce Ludmile Plachtové za pomoc po gramatické stránce a matce Olze Pražanové za to, že tu pro mě byla pokaždé, když jsem si s prací již nevěděl rady. Tato práce by také nebyla nikdy hotova bez cenných rad mých spolužáků, nejlepších kamarádů a spolukapelníků: Matěje Škopka a Matěje Jančíka. Anotace Ve své práci SOČ jsem se zabýval potenciálními negativními dopady sledování Youtube na děti ve věku 6-7 let. Skrze komparaci již existujících studií, zabývajících se riziky užívání starých a nových médií, s prostředím Youtube, se snažím popsat rizika, která zmiňovaná stránka představuje pro děti v mladším školním věku. Rovněž testuji efektivitu funkcí a aplikací, sloužících k filtrování rizikových videí, které Youtube nabízí. Klíčová slova Youtube; Youtube Kids; Elsagate; závislost; násilí; Annotation In my SOČ work, I observed pontential negative impacts of watching Youtube on children aged 6-7 years. Through comparation of already existing studies focused on the risks of using new and old media and Youtube environment, I aim to describe the possible dangers that the aforementioned site proposes to children of early school-age. I also put the effectivity of functions and applications serving to filter out high-risk videos, Youtube offers, to test. Keywords Youtube; Youtube kids; Elsagate; addiction; violence Obsah 1. Úvod ................................................................................................................................... 8 2. Youtube .............................................................................................................................. 9 Co je Youtube a jeho historie ...................................................................................... 9 K čemu Youtube slouží ............................................................................................... 9 2.2.1. Sledování ............................................................................................................ 10 2.2.2. Youtube Premium .............................................................................................. 10 2.2.3. Nahrávání videí .................................................................................................. 10 2.2.4. Živé vysílání ....................................................................................................... 10 Reklamy na Youtube ................................................................................................. 10 Pro koho je Youtube určený ...................................................................................... 11 Youtube prostředí a jeho funkce ................................................................................ 11 2.5.1. Registrace ........................................................................................................... 11 2.5.2. Rozložení ............................................................................................................ 13 2.5.3. Funkce: ............................................................................................................... 17 3. Vymezení věkové skupiny ............................................................................................... 18 Vývoj základních schopností a dovedností ............................................................... 19 Kognitivní vývoj ........................................................................................................ 19 Emoční vývoj a socializace ....................................................................................... 20 4. Rizika, která může Youtube představovat ........................................................................ 20 Závislost..................................................................................................................... 20 4.1.1. Dělení závislosti ................................................................................................. 20 4.1.2. Dělení internetové závislosti .............................................................................. 22 4.1.3. Shrnutí kritérií pro utvoření závislosti na Youtube. ........................................... 23 Násilí .......................................................................................................................... 24 4.2.1. Rozdíly sledování televize a sledování Youtube: .............................................. 24 4.2.2. Definice agrese a agresivity ............................................................................... 25 4.2.3. Televizní násilí ................................................................................................... 26 4.2.4. Vymezení rizikového diváka a okolností ........................................................... 26 4.2.5. Účinky televizního násilí .................................................................................... 27 4.2.6. Komparace s Youtube prostředím ...................................................................... 28 5. Elsagate ............................................................................................................................ 28 6 5.1. Reakce Youtube ............................................................................................................ 29 6. Praktická část .................................................................................................................... 29 Vulgární videa ........................................................................................................... 29 6.1.1. Použití omezeného režimu na vulgární videa .................................................... 30 6.1.2. Použití aplikace Youtube Kids na vulgární videa .............................................. 35 Videa se sexuální tématikou ...................................................................................... 36 6.2.1. Použití omezeného režimu na videa se sexuální tématikou ............................... 37 6.2.2. Použití aplikace Youtube Kids na videa se sexuální tématikou ......................... 37 Videa obsahující násilí: ............................................................................................. 38 6.3.1. Použití omezeného režimu na násilná videa ...................................................... 39 6.3.2. Použití aplikace Youtube Kids na násilná videa ................................................ 42 7. Závěr ................................................................................................................................. 42 8. Seznam použité literatury ................................................................................................. 44 9. Seznam použitých obrázků ............................................................................................... 45 7 1. ÚVOD Jakožto bratr tří mladších sourozenců přicházím do styku s Youtube téměř každý den a na vlastní oči vidím, jak pozitivní, tak negativní dopady, které sledování videí na jmenované stránce má. Dříve jsem si ovšem žádné z těchto dopadů neuvědomoval a moji pozornost upoutali teprve tehdy, když se mi mladší bratr po cestě z mateřské školy plynule představil v angličtině, vyjmenoval nejméně dvacet zvířat, napočítal od 0 do 10 a odříkal nemalý počet barev. V tu chvíli jsem mu záviděl, že má díky Youtube mnohem bližší vztah s angličtinou, než jsem měl v jeho věku já. To jsem ale nevěděl, že Youtube má i velice stinnou stránku, a že s sebou přináší i mnohá negativa. Poté, co mi mladší bratr ukázal svou velkou anglickou slovní zásobu, jsem se rozhodl, že se podívám, z kterých videí tato slova vlastně zná. Při otevření historie sledovaných videí jsem se ale zděsil. Videa, která se napohled zdála jako poučná, totiž neobsahovala naučné říkanky o barvách nebo zvířatech, ale obsah tak násilný a zvrácený, že i mě, jakožto v tu dobu sedmnáctiletému chlapci, z něj naskočila husí kůže. V tu chvíli jsem si uvědomil, jak velké riziko může sledování Youtube představovat pro děti, které právě nastupují do školy, a jako houby nasakují veškeré dění kolem nich, a začal jsem se tématem zabývat mnohem hlouběji. Čím více jsem zjišťoval o problematice těchto videí, tím více jsem začal
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