I M M E R S E IMplementing MEasuRes for Sustainable Estuaries

T R A N S N A T I O N A L C O N F E R E N C E E X C H A N G E R E P O R T L A B

12 - 13 June 2019 Gothenburg,

T R A N S N A T I O N A L E X C H A N G E L A B

# I M M E R S E

On 12-13 June 2019, over 60 participants estuaries joined the first IMMERSE Transnational Scheldt (NL/BE), Elbe (DE) Exchange Lab (TEL) in Gothenburg, Sweden. 7 HuIsefjord/Holbaekfjord and Together, they discussed a range of estuary- Roskildefjord (DK), Göta älv related topics and participated in four (SE) and Tees and Humber (UK) interactive workshops on sediment management; governance; and flood partners protection. The IMMERSE Transnational Lead partner: Flanders Exchange Labs provide a platform to share 11 Department of Mobility and practices and progress on the development Public Works (MOW) of solutions for estuarine management issues. The purpose is to advance years development and transfer of solutions IMMERSE will run from across those involved in estuary 3 October 2018 until September management in the North Sea Region. This 2021 report presents a summary of the discussions: more information can be found in the presentations that are available for download on the IMMERSE website.

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Frederik Roose from the Flemish Department of Mobility and Public Works (IMMERSE Lead Partner) kicked off the TEL with a presentation to introduce the IMMERSE project. With a budget of €3.7m (50% ERDF co-financing) and a project period from October 2018 to September 2021, the IMMERSE partnership is made up of 11 partners from 6 different countries across the North Sea Region. The partners,including both direct estuary managers and related knowledge institutes, focus on management issues; developing and implementing measures; and stakeholder engagement. The key objective of IMMERSE is to improve the design, testing and implementation of estuary management measures by using transnational knowledge and stimulating stakeholder integration, which is where the Transnational Exchange Labs fit in. The communication objectives of IMMERSE are approached in line with the stakeholder involvement objectives, making use of existing networking groups, organizing the TELs and developing stories about IMMERSE activities and concrete examples of estuary management across the North Sea.

In order to set the scene and to share with participants the story of the region in which they would spend the two days, Håkan Alexandersson from the Regional Authority of Vastra Götaland gave a presentation on the ‘Regulation of Lake Vänern, a challenge for the Göta River and Gothenburg’. As in most parts of the world, the water level in the Göta Älv is rising, making the design and implementation of flood protection measures of great urgency. Lake Vänern is Sweden and the EU’s largest lake, with a catchment area constituting around 10% of the total surface area of Sweden. With 93 kilometres, the Göta Älv is Sweden’s longest watercourse. It is a complex system with major risks and difficult consequences. The Swedish Geotechnical Institute is developing a plan for continuous stability improvement along the river, while at the same time the Port of Gothenburg is being expanded in order to become the first port in the new era of Arctic navigation. 2 T R A N S N A T I O N A L E X C H A N G E L A B # I M M E R S E P L E N A R Y S E S S I O N

In 2026, dredging will intensify, new locks will be installed and the quay and turning basin will be widened, in order to increase the capacity of the port to receive ocean-going vessels. This will have environmental impacts, affecting the flow of the river and the salt water wedge. The current regulation strategy secures against flooding, but contributes to overgrowing of nature on the banks of the river, threatening natural interests. With a plethora of stakeholders including 18 municipalities, 15000 landowners and the fisheries, shipping, agriculture, industry, tourism and water conservation associations and little coordination between them, the time is right for the establishment of a safe and environmentally adapted regulation strategy for lake Vänern, taking into account both natural values as well as societal interests.

Closing the first plenary session, Nikol Nielsen Gulis from the Port of Gothenburg gave an ‘Introduction to sediment management activities in the Port of Gothenburg’. The port needs to be dredged every four to five years, and 75% of the sediment is classified as contaminated. Since the 1960s, the contaminated sediments, coming mainly from old shipyards that are heavily contaminated with TBT, are stored in a closed part of the port. However, this is now a protected area for birds. The strategy for the future is to instead use the dredged sediment to build land fields with the use of the S/S method. The challenges to do so include the fact that the main pollutant is TBT, and the long process of obtaining environmental permits. At the same time, it is certain that the construction of new locks in the Port of Gothenburg will impact the sediment management, but what this will look like exactly is still not known.

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Introduction The first interactive session focused on sediment management in the Port of Gothenburg and discussed the development of innovative methods for treating and re-using contaminated sediment. The session was moderated by Anna Wilhelmsson and Ann-Margret Strömvall from COWI and the Chalmers University of Technology. Chalmers University (IMMERSE partner) and local institutions are developing methods to treat and re-use contaminated sediments from the Port of Gothenburg. The session introduced the sediment stabilization pilot in the Port of Gothenburg as well as a similar case from the Scheldt estuary in Belgium.

Eduardo Epifano from the Port of Gothenburg introduced the expansion of Nya Arendal. In order to increase capacity and to cope with future freight volumes, the port needs to be dredged every four to five years and the contaminated sediments need to be handled appropriately. To this end, a new terminal is now being constructed in Arendal by stabilizing and solidifying contaminated dredged masses with cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) or oil share fly ash. This treated sediment will serve as the base of the future RoRo and container vessel terminal which will take up a space of 22 hectares. To prevent the release of contaminated particles to sea, geotextile will be placed on the embankments and water from the stabilisation process will be of a lowered pH value through the use of carbon dioxide. The main contaminant in the sediment is TBT, but PAH, PCB and other heavy metals are also found in the sediment of the port. Since TBT is influenced by the pH level the most and as it can be locked up in a stabilized form, this is the focus of the port expansion sediment treatment process.

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Per Lindh from the Swedish Transport Administration and Kristina Bernstén from COWI informed session participants about the stabilization of TBT polluted sediments with a particular focus on technology and environment. By using innovative stabilization and solidification methods, contaminated sediments can be used in construction. A field test was performed in the Port of Gothenburg in 2017, in a new port area called Nya Arendal. The results show good geotechnical properties, with high shear strength and low permeability. The environmental properties also show good results. During the filling phase, special consideration needs to be given to turbidity and TBT in the displaced water, as high pH will increase the leaching of TBT. In addition, it is often difficult but even more so important to design for the differences between lab tests and the actual pilot plant.

Patrick Van Goethem from the Flemish Department of Mobility and Public Works presented the TBT treatment methods from the AMORAS treatment plan in the Port of Antwerp. The dredged sediment here consists mainly of sludge or sand and is treated differently depending on the sediment grain size and level of contamination. Following some recent modifications, AMORAS, the sludge processing plant in the Port of Antwerp, can now accept TBT-contaminated sludge by adding an additional treatment step with activated carbon filters and sand filter systems. The first preliminary results indicate that this has been effective in order to prevent TBT to re-enter the water in the harbour after TBT-contaminated sludge has been presented at AMORAS. After treatment, the non-contaminated sludge is heated up and used as an alternative to fly ash in concrete. The clean and dried sludge ‘cakes’ are then used as liner in landfills, instead of for instance clay, to prevent leachate.

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A short video about the stabilization project was also presented by Martin Jönsson of Peab. It illustrated how the stabilization of dredged materials is a win-win scenario as less materials are sent to landfills and much needed new terminals can be constructed this way. Besides its economic potential, treating the dredged sediment may also counteract the erosion of the coastline, as the sediment is reused on the banks. It is however crucial to develop the technology and to assess the site-specific characteristics, in order to lower the risk of pollutants spreading and to increase the strength of the stabilized sediments. Inspired by the presentations, participants split up into five groups to discuss possibilities and barriers.

Discussion The group discussions stressed that the amount of contaminated sediments that need treatment should be minimized as much as possible and thus that pollution sources should be fixed, because treating the contaminated sediments is de facto tackling the symptoms rather than the core of the problem. It is crucial to continuously work on the removal and prohibition of dangerous contaminants before they reach the sediment in the port, e.g. through fractionation and more analysis. Another aspect that came forward in the discussions was the necessity of creating closed material loops in wider society and to encourage sustainable development, along with the importance of performing life-cycle assessments (LCA) and to consider that locking contaminated sediment into construction sites means burdening future generations. At the same time that the S/S method allows for obtaining a resource from a problem (i.e. building materials from contaminated sediment), the long-term effects of the method are as of yet unknown. In addition, the costs are still relatively high, while critics argue that no one wants to use polluted materials or waste, when there are other materials available. A further barrier is that there is no party that takes overall responsibility. 2

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Looking to the future, stakeholders must feel assured that the method is safe and that toxins in the treated materials will remain locked in. Immediate steps for the future should focus on more technical research, but also to continue to investigate driving forces and stakeholder willingness-to-pay, and to assess how regulations and legislation influence the application of the method. Sharing knowledge is crucial in this regard, and EU regulations need to be clear and interpreted in the same way by all parties involved. Lastly, there may be potential to increase the economic potential of the TBT treatment method by schemes that profit financially from treating sediment from other areas in- and outside of Sweden.

S E D I M E N T M A N A G E M E N T I I : R E S E A R C H A N D M E T A L R E C O V E R Y

Introduction This session discussed the recovery of metals from the sediment in the Port of Gothenburg. Metals and organotins are found in elevated concentrations around ports, marinas and waterways across the world, originating from antifouling paint, industries, wastewater treatment plants, etc. Not only could these parameters be problematic for the environment in too high concentrations, they could also cause high management costs for ports, as landfill prices increase. This session presented a newly developed integrated assessment tool, investigating the potential for metal recovery from sediments and resulting environmental and economic aspects related to mass management.

The session was moderated by Anna Wilhelmsson and Kristina Bernstén from COWI. Karin Karlfeldt Fedje from Chalmers University/Renova Waste and Recycling 2 T R A N S N A T I O N A L E X C H A N G E L A B # I M M E R S E S E D I M E N T M A N A G E M E N T I I : R E S E A R C H A N D M E T A L R E C O V E R Y

presented some background to the research on metal recovery from sediment in the Port of Gothenburg. In order to achieve the agreed sustainable development goals, metals need to be recovered, such as Cu and zinc, which can be recovered from waste materials such as fly ash and contaminated bark. Research has been carried out on phytoremediation, using plants to extract metals from sediments. So far, this has not yielded convincing results.

Anna Norén from the same university, presented the results from the research and explained the testing methods for leaching methods from sediment, which aim to extract metals and degrade the toxic chemical tributyltin into less toxic degeneration products, using environmentally friendly leachate agents as well as tougher ones, altering the pH. The research focuses on the analysis of six case studies across Sweden, where tests are done to assess the potential for sediment treatment and metal recovery.

Lastly, Ann-Margret Strömvall informed participants about how the research will continue and explained the on-going tests with photocatalytic electrolysis and phytoremediation. The research tests the possibilities of using chemical oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation and electrolysis to degrade TBT, as well as organic pollutants and microplastics. By combining these techniques, it may be possible to effectively degrade TBT and to simultaneously recover tin in metallic form. This method could also be used for sustainable and innovative treatment of for example polluted street dust and sand, road runoff, urban stormwater sediment and contaminated soil.

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Discussion The presentations inspired some interesting discussions during the interactive group sessions. It became clear that most participants agreed that there is and shouldn’t be a one-size-fits-all solution: different solutions are needed for different sediments. The discussions also highlighted that it is crucial to work with the sources of the contaminants, in order to minimize future contamination and so to reduce the need to treat the contaminated sediment after dredging. Phytoremediation methods on-site could be interested in this consideration. It must continuously be kept in mind however, that TBT is not the only contaminant found in the sediment. More ecotoxicological research is essential, in order to realize a stronger knowledge body about what is toxic and what is not. In addition, it is important to connect this knowledge to how to treat the contaminants and also to explore the combined and cumulative effects of pollutants. The group also discussed the importance of investing in extensive cost-benefit analyses. Participants suggested that IMMERSE could play a leading role in moving this research field forward, by for instance summarizing treatment methods in an easily accessible and understandable format. Lastly, the groups also discussed the possible effects of climate change on erosion, as well as the fact that different particle fractions are important to reduce volume.

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G O V E R N A N C E

Introduction In addition to being complex and natural environments, estuaries can also be subject to complicated management structures, responsible for considering diverse stakeholder interests. The initial primary results from an IMMERSE activity to improve stakeholder integration by analyzing and discussing past experiences were discussed during this interactive session. The session was moderated by Yvonne Andersson-Sköld (Swedish National Road and Transport Institute) and Sebastian Rauch (Chalmers University of Technology).

Delilah Lithner from the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute presented the results from interviews and workshops with stakeholders regarding the management of the Göta Älv and the Nordre Älv. During 2014 and 2015, under the auspice of the EMOVE project, a Swedish interview/workshop study was undertaken, with the aim of researching how current management activities in the estuary could be improved regarding three main topics: floods and barriers; storm water management; as well as disposal at sea and alternative management of dredged and clean excavated material. The targeted stakeholders included national, regional and local authorities, business organisations as well as non-governmental organisations. The results from the study showed that the currently available resources do not match the ones needed. Specifically regarding floods and storm water management, the study showed that clear responsibilities need to be assigned, as well as a more structured coordination, collaboration and governance.

Yvonne Andersson-Sköld presented the Humber case, where a Landscape and Investment Study was undertaken in order to identify key opportunities for creative flood risk management and to demonstrate how investments can align with the objectives of potential investors. 2 T R A N S N A T I O N A L E X C H A N G E L A B # I M M E R S E

G O V E R N A N C E

The study also aimed to identify potential opportunities for partnerships with multiple benefits to inform the Humber Strategy Comprehensive Review. The aim of the stakeholder involvement of the study was to get local input into the opportunity maps which could be built on for the project. Generally, stakeholders felt positive about the organised workshops and additional follow-up. Lessons learned include that finding an agreeable date and location for the workshops was often difficult, in part due to the lack of resources in different organisations as well as because of disparity across the area.

On behalf of Kirsten Wolfstein from the Hamburg Port Authority, Holger Rahlf from the German Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute presented the Elbe case. Here, the stakeholder process started from sediment management issues, characterised by a complex governmental situation and many relevant stakeholder groups. Organised participation formats include the consultation process Tideelbe (2012-2015) and the Forum Tideelbe (2016-2020). The aim was to achieve a better and common understanding of all aspects of sediment management and to improve communication between different stakeholder groups and acceptance of different interests. In addition, the process aimed to find possible locations for river engineering measures that contribute to improvement of sediment management and ecological aspects of the estuary. Among other things, the process revealed that trust and emotion are key considerations in the stakeholder engagement process.

Discussion Following the three inspiring presentations, the participants split up into three groups to discuss necessary key actions for the short-term. All three groups agreed that it is crucial to invest in a common understanding, and a specific suggestion to realize this included joint fact finding. 2 T R A N S N A T I O N A L E X C H A N G E L A B # I M M E R S E

G O V E R N A N C E

This also includes agreeing on a common definition of key terms and concepts, and to jointly define the problem(s), threats, barriers and possibilities. Considering this, it was also agreed that it is crucial to involve as many stakeholders as possible, from as early in the process as possible. A starting point to jointly finding solutions to an estuary management problem, should be to organise open meetings and workshops where as many stakeholders as possible are invited. These could/should serve to get to know the problem and the task at hand, but also for the stakeholders to get to know each other in a positive setting and to encourage an atmosphere of knowledge-sharing, knowledge-creation and joint problem- solving.

Participants discussed how it is beneficial to try and engage high levels of responsibility, for instance county governors, as well as politicians and local municipalities. One of the groups emphasized that it is crucial to employ a professional facilitator that can serve as an independent actor to guide the discussions in a calm atmosphere. The benefits of organizing such workshops was seen as clearly kicking off a process in an organised way, and it was emphasized that all views should be taken into consideration and that workshop reports should be comprehensive, easy to read and accessible to the public. However, in order to start the stakeholder engagement process, participants suggested that the regional authorities should appoint a responsible party who oversees the stakeholder process.

It was clear from the discussions of all three groups that there is a clear need for action, and that stakeholder engagement processes should show also the alternative scenarios; what would happen if no measures are implemented at all. In addition, the importance of funding and costs must not be ignored during the stakeholder processes. 2 T R A N S N A T I O N A L E X C H A N G E L A B # I M M E R S E

G O V E R N A N C E

Specific exercises for workshops were suggested by participants, including the joint development of business cases (with or without dredging), to try and make the workshops real eye-openers for stakeholders. Lastly, it was emphasized once more that organisers of workshops should really make the effort to understand the stakeholder needs and to invest in creating a sense of ownership. However, the issue of how to fund such workshops was raised by the discussion groups, and the main funding opportunity seemed to be coming from EU projects. In line with this suggestion, the idea of organizing an annual workshop on flood protection was also brought forward, where different types of local as well as regional organisations would be invited.

F L O O D P R O T E C T I O N

Introduction The Flood Protection session introduced the challenges that the City of Gothenburg is currently facing to protect the city from flooding and to share experiences from other estuary managers about flood protection in urban areas. The session was moderated by Frederik Roose from the Flemish Department of Mobility and Public Works (IMMERSE Lead Partner) and Sebastian Rauch from the Chalmers University of Technology.

Ulf Moback from the City of Gothenburg presented flooding issues in the City of Gothenburg. Currently, river side protection alternatives are being developed and tested. Two storm surge barriers are needed to protect the city from flooding.

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F L O O D P R O T E C T I O N

There are a lot of uncertainties, including difficulties in obtaining geotechnical information, as well as a lack of projections on future sea levels. Other barriers include difficult decision-making processes, as well as complex permitting schemes (especially related to environmental aspects). Experiences from the show that decision-making on large storm surge barriers is complex and historical experiences show that there have been many false starts, and it is crucial to have good transparency/traceability in studies.

Koen Segher from the Flemish Waterway presented the Sigmaplan flood protection strategy in Flanders, Belgium. There is the threat that the old city of Antwerp could be flooded, but there are no plans to move any activities. Rather, barriers and defences are being developed to adapt to the flood risks. The tidal difference each day is five metres and the river is getting more narrow as it gets closer to the centre of the city, which means the height of the water increases even further. The original Sigmaplan stems from 1976 and focused mainly on the creation of embankments and control stations. In 1977, concrete water barriers were built, which created the problem of an extra division between the city and the river. Since 200, climate change has been taken into account in the planning of the city, which resulted in an update of the plan with extra control stations, higher embankments and higher barriers. There are three main challenges to renovate the flood protection strategy: stabilisation of quays walls, elevated water barriers as well as renovation/transformation of the public domain. The new master plan is developed by a public-public partnership between the Flemish Waterway and the City of Antwerp. Crucial objectives of the master plan include public participation, preservation of mobility, as well as investments in archaeological studies. The original quay wall has been preserved and the water barrier has been integrated into it. The Sigmaplan now takes into account a sea level rise of 60cm over 100 years.

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F L O O D P R O T E C T I O N

Other projects that are currently on-going that deal with flooding issues include Building with nature project (Interreg North Sea), SPONGE (2 seas Interreg) and Frames (Interreg North Sea).

Discussion Inspired by the two presentations, the participants split up into five groups to discuss the key challenges of integrating flood protection measures into urban planning strategies and the additional benefits of such measures. The key challenges identified by the participants included financing, legislation, establishing responsibility, organisational challenges, as well as how to deal with uncertainty and choosing an appropriate timescale. When including flood protection measures into flood protection strategies in the urban environment, it is key to ensure that this is done in an integrated and multi-functional way. The measures should also be specifically adapted to the sites, and they should be adaptive and follow a systems-based approach. Flexible or at least semi-mobile infrastructure measures are required. It is however a challenge to get and to keep the acceptance by the stakeholders and the wider public and to really convince all levels of authority of the level of urgency. In many places, there is the risk that you will create an additional separation between the water and city, so one should take potential flood protection measures into account when constructing new urban areas (for example in Gothenburg, new buildings and urban areas generally acts as flood protection infrastructure and so protect the old city). Other challenges put forward by the participants include finding the funding for flood protection measures, as well as to navigate nature protection areas.

The benefits of flood protection measures, beyond the obvious, include the possible preservation of ecosystem services such as cleaner air and biodiversity, if the ecosystem is appropriately taken into account.

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There is also the possibility of building in difficult areas and creating new public areas for recreational use, for instance by involving architects to create new fixed urban furniture or public open spaces for urban beaches or sports. Flood protection measures could also be used to build new transport lines such as trams or cycle paths. It could also be considered to integrate technical equipment into flood protection measures, such as sewage or telecommunication cables. Participants stressed that it is crucial to consider both upstream and downstream areas (creating a wider catchment view with regard to flood risks) and the importance of joining forces and working together with a view to long-term planning.

Participants stressed that it is crucial to involve stakeholders and to ensure that strategies are adaptive. It was also suggested to invest in life-cycle analyses (LCAs) and to work as much as possible on a regional level. One must also involve top level management, while considering that cooperation at all levels is needed. A note of caution is that there is a safety issue when there is a big difference between the low water level and the ground level: pedestrians could fall. This is an additional risk to flooding, but participants noted that there is often not much national attention for these risks, creating a situation where there might be a ‘disaster waiting to happen’. It is important to reserve open areas for the future as much as possible in planning the city, which could be used for building with nature, but it was pointed out that there is the risk that in the future such areas are suddenly declared nature protection areas, which means they can no longer be used for flood protection measures (unless they are urban wetlands).

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C L O S I N G S E S S I O N

During the plenary session on the second day of the TEL, the key messages from the four interactive sessions were presented:

The participants were asked what their main take-home messages were from the TEL. These included that partners are dealing with issues in different ways, that may be useful within other estuaries. What is needed, is to learn from others as we all have to deal with similar issues when it comes to climate change across borders. Sharing knowledge and coordinating research efforts is crucial, as is promoting early communication between both the affected as well as the responsible actors in North Sea estuarine management. Shared problems should have shared solutions, and the organisation of the TELs is a great way of organising this. That being said, more research is needed and especially on sediment management, there is still not sufficient consensus and viable solutions for contaminated sediments are not yet perfected.

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C L O S I N G S E S S I O N

The participants, as well as the speakers and the organisation of the first IMMERSE Transnational Exchange Lab are looking forward to the next one, which will take place in 2020. The image below presents the word cloud that was developed by the participants and contains topics of interest for the next TEL.

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First name Last name Affiliation Country of work Håkan Alexandersson County Administrative Board Västra Götaland Sweden Yvonne Andersson-Sköld VTI Sweden Maria Axbrink The Gothenburg region (Göteborgsregionen) Sweden Henrik Bengtsson Länstyrelsen i Västra Götalands län Sweden Kristina Bernstén COWI Sweden Lena Blom Dept. ofsustainable waste & water City of Gothenburg Sweden Dr. Maik Bohne Die Gespraechspartner Love Bojén Länsstyrelsen Västra Götaland Sweden Per Bolin Statens Geotekniska Institut Sweden Clara Coornaert s.Pro - sustainable projects Germany Monica Dahlberg Water Quality Association of the Göta älv Sweden Olle Dahlberg City of Gothenburg Sweden Ole Dalgaard The Danish Coastal Authority Lisa Simone de Grunt s.Pro - sustainable projects GmbH Germany Jannie Dhondt De Vlaamse Waterweg nv België Niklas Edvinsson Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management Sweden Lisa Ekström Göteborgs Stad Sweden Eduardo Epifanio Port of Gothenburg Sweden Johan Eriksson Swedish Maritime Organisation Sweden Josefine Evertsson City of Gothenburg Environmental Administration Sweden Ida Fossenstrand Project manager Sweden Zoe Fraser Tees Rivers Trust United Kingdom Karsten Garborg Sweco A/S Denmark Rebecca Härd Länsstyrelsen i Västra Götaland Sverige Anna Hulterström Göteborgs Universitet Sverige Martin Jönsson Peab Grundläggning AB Sweden Karin Karlfeldt Fedje Renova and Chalmers Sweden Anna Karlsson Tyrens AB Sweden Steven Krol Frames Netherlands Ben Lamb Tees Rivers Trust United Kingdom Gert-Jan Liek Rijkswaterstaat The Netherlands

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First name Last name Affiliation Country of work Per Lindh Trafikverket Sweden Delilah Lithner VTI Sweden Célia Lointier Contaminated sediments Sweden Anna Markiewicz Chalmers University of Technology Sweden Eva Mathsson Traffic department Sweden Alison Miles Environment Agency England Ulf Moback City of Gothenburg Sweden Oskar Modin Chalmers Sweden Nikol Nielsen Gulis Port of Gothenburg Sweden Anna Norén Chalmers University of Techology Sweden Malin Norin FRIST Sweden Thomas Nygren Älvstranden Utveckling AB Sweden Victoria Ortiz Federal Waterways Engineering & Research Institute Germany Cynthia Pauwels Antwerp Port Authority Belgium Lotte Pedersen Sweco Denmark Peter Plantman ÅF Infrstructure AB Sweden Elisabet Porse Kretslopp och vatten, Göteborgs stad Sweden Holger Rahlf Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute Gernany Mats Ransgård Älvstranden Utveckling AB Sweden Sebastien Rauch Chalmers University of Technology Sweden Frederik Roose Dep. Mobility and Public Works Belgium Ann-Christine Schleret Lember Länsstyrelsen Västra Götaland Sweden Koen Segher De Vlaamse Waterweg Belgium Ekaterina Sokolova Chalmers University of Technology Sweden Ann-Margret Strömvall Chalmers University of Technology Sweden Jonas Sundin Swedish Maritime Administration Sweden Anders Svensson The River City, Gothenburg City Sweden Patrick Van Goethem Maritieme Toegang Belgium Clare Waldmann s.Pro - sustainable projects Germany Anna Wilhelmsson COWI AB Sweden Kirsten Wolfstein Hamburg Port Authority Germany

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