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Deir El-Bahari Supplement IV Supplement P J J T APYROLOGY URISTIC OF OURNAL HE DEIR EL-BAHARI IN THE HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN PERIODS JJP Supplement VI T HE J OURNAL OF J URISTIC P APYROLOGY Supplement IV WARSAW 2005 ADAM ¸AJTAR BASED ONGREEKSOURCES OFANEGYPTIANTEMPLE A STUDY IN THE D AND EIR EL- R OMAN H ELLENISTIC B P AHARI ERIODS DEIR EL-BAHARI IN THE HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN PERIODS APYROLOGY P URISTIC J OF AL OURN J HE T Supplement IV WARSAW UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF PAPYROLOGY THE RAPHAEL TAUBENSCHLAG FOUNDATION THE JOURNAL OF JURISTIC PAPYROLOGY Supplements SERIES EDITORS TOMASZ DERDA JAKUB URBANIK VOLUME IV DEIR EL-BAHARI IN THE HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN PERIODS APYROLOGY A STUDY OF AN EGYPTIAN TEMPLE P BASED ON GREEK SOURCES ADAM ¸AJTAR URISTIC J OF AL OURN J HE Supplement IV T WARSAW 2005 rz04 1/9/06 4:30 PM Page 1 Supplements to The Journal of Juristic Papyrology are jointly published by Institute of Archaeology, Warsaw University and Fundacja im. Rafała Taubenschlaga, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00–927 Warszawa64 tel. (+48.22) 55.20.388 and (+48.22) 55.20.384, fax: (+48.22) 55.24.319 e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] web-page: <http://www.papyrology.uw.edu.pl> Cover design by Maryna Wiśniewska Computer design and DTP by Tomasz Derda and Paweł Marcisz © by Adam Łajtar and Fundacja im. Rafała Taubenschlaga Warszawa 2006 This publication has been published with financial support from the Rector of Warsaw University, Institute of Archaeology of Warsaw University and Warsaw University Centre for Mediterranean Archaeology in Cairo ISBN 83–918250–3–5 Wydanie I. Druk i oprawa: Drukarnia Duo Studio, Warszawa rz05_10 ded+zdj+contents 1/8/06 1:05 PM Page 1 To the Memory of my Teacher Zbigniew Borkowski who started his scientific career in Deir el-Bahari in 1964/5 rz05_08 ded+zdj+contents 1/9/06 1:23 PM Page VII TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface . ix Abbreviations . xiii Cult activity in Deir el-Bahari in Ptolemaic and Roman times . 1 1. Deir el-Bahari before the Ptolemaic Period: topography and history . 3 2. Amenhotep Son of Hapu and Imhotep . 11 3. The cult of Amenhotep son of Hapu and Imhotep at Deir el-Bahari: the sources . 16 4. Early period of the cult before the construction of the Ptolemaic Sanctuary . 22 5. The rebuilding in the second half of the second century BC . 31 6. The history of the cult of Amenhotep and Imhotep in Deir el-Bahari in Late Ptolemaic and Roman times . 36 7. Topography of the cult . 37 8. The gods . 46 9. Aspects of the cult . 49 9.1. The mortuary aspect . 49 9.2. The healing aspect . 50 9.3. The oracular aspect . 56 9.4. Royal cult of Ptolemies . 61 10.Forms of the cult . 62 11. The personnel of the temple . 69 12. The economic side of the cult . 76 13. Visitors to the temple . 80 14.Visitors’ inscriptions: some general observations . 87 15. Deir el-Bahari in Late Antiquity . 94 Addendum . 104 rz05_08 ded+zdj+contents 1/9/06 1:23 PM Page VIII VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS Catalogue of sources . 105 Note on the present edition . 107 Wall inscriptions . 111 Section I. Portico in front of the Anubis Chapel . 111 Section II. Upper (Coronation) Portico, Northern Wing . 112 Section III. Upper (Coronation) Portico, Southern Wing . 122 Section IV. Granite Portal between the Upper Portico and the Court . 146 Section V. North-East Corner of the Court and North Part of the East Wall of the Court . 148 Section VI. East Wall of the Court, South Part . 150 Section VII. Vestibule of the Royal Mortuary Complex . 158 Section VIII. The Chapel of Hatshepsut . 175 Section IX. South Wall of the Court . 214 Section X. South Chapel of Amun . 232 Section XI. West Wall of the Court, Southern Part . 237 Section XII. Ptolemaic Portico . 268 Section XIII. Granite Portal in Front of the Bark Room . 334 Section XIV. Bark Shrine . 344 Section XV. West Wall of the Court, Northern Part . 371 Section XVI. North Chapel of Amun . 384 Other sources . 393 A. Ostraca . 393 B. Stone inscriptions . 405 Indices . 411 Personal names . 411 Rulers and members of their families . 416 Names of gods . 417 Geographical names, ethnics . 418 Names of months . 418 Greek words . 419 Defected words . 428 Latin words . 428 Demotic words . 429 Grammatical index . 429 Concordance with publications . 433 Bibliography . 439 Chronological table of sources . 461 Plans and photographs rz05_10ded+zdj+contents1/8/061:08PMPage3 Temple of Hatshepsut. Photo W. Jerke rz09_11 preface 1/9/06 1:26 PM Page IX PREFACE HIS BOOK STARTED OUT BACK IN JANUARY 1988. Freshly associated with the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology of Warsaw University in Cairo, I was T assigned to the Polish-Egyptian Reconstruction and Documentation Mission in the temple of Queen Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari and asked to help with the doc- umentation of the reliefs and hieroglyphic inscriptions adorning the walls of the tem- ple. Dr. Janusz Karkowski, who was in charge of the documentation work at the time, suggested that as a Classicist by training I should perhaps take a closer look at the Greek inscriptions, which were scattered all over the walls of the upper terrace of the temple, and compare their condition with that recorded in André Bataille’s publica- tion of 1951. Full-size tracing on film was and continues to be the principal documentation tech- nique for recording the reliefs and hieroglyphic inscriptions in Deir el-Bahari. This gave me the opportunity to gain a good knowledge of the Hatshepsut temple, further enriched in discussions with my colleagues Egyptologists and through my own stud- ies. It soon became clear to me that there were many more Greek inscriptions on the walls of the temple than considered in Bataille’s publication. At the end of my first season in Deir el-Bahari in April 1988, I had close to a hundred ‘new’ texts, not count- ing numerous observations and corrections to the inscriptions already published. I continued my work in the Hatshepsut temple in Deir el-Bahari in the double role of documentalist and Greek epigraphist during the next season of the Polish-Egypt- ian Reconstruction and Documentation Mission, which lasted from November 1988 until February 1989, and was back again in January–March 1990, this time as a mem- ber of the Polish Documentation Mission (known also as the Epigraphic Mission). By then, dealing with the Greek inscriptions had become my chief task and it is during those three months that the biggest part of the documentation used in this book was completed. Working with the same mission, I did some additional recording during a one-month stay at Deir el-Bahari in October–November 1995, and then returned to check on some details in January 2002, this time as a member of the Polish-Egyptian rz09_11 preface 1/9/06 1:26 PM Page X X PREFACE Preservation Mission, which succeeded the Polish-Egyptian Reconstruction and Doc- umentation Mission. Until just a few years ago outstanding obligations on my part prevented me from actually sitting down to work on the material collected at Deir el-Bahari in 1988–1990 and 1995. I was finally able to do most of the research in 2001–2002, during a year’s stay at the Institut für Altertumskunde of the University of Cologne with a research grant from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. The final redactional work was done in Warsaw in 2002–2004, in addition to my regular university duties. Now that the work has been completed, it gives me pleasure to acknowledge the contribution of all those who have somehow influenced the end result. First, there are the authorities and the staff of the Warsaw University Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology in Cairo, to whom I am grateful for the long-term scholarships and insti- tutional support, without which my work in Egypt in general and in Deir el-Bahari in particular would not have been possible. Secondly, I wish to thank the Directors of the Polish-Egyptian Reconstruction and Documentation Mission, as well as the Polish-Egyptian Preservation Mission for their all-rounded assistance from which I greatly benefited during my stay in Deir el- Bahari, and particularly for managing the logistics of my work. I am especially indebt- ed to Messrs. Waldemar Połoczanin (1988) and Andrzej Macur (1988-1989), as well as Dr. Zbigniew Szafrański and Dr. Mirosław Barwik (2002). Special thanks are due to Dr. Janusz Karkowski, Egyptological supervisor in the Polish-Egyptian Reconstruction and Documentation Mission and Director of the Documentation (Epigraphic) Mission. He brought my attention to the Greek inscrip- tions from Deir el-Bahari and lent his support, in word and deed, in all my subsequent efforts. Indeed, Dr. Karkowski has always been an excellent colleague (we have spent hundreds, if not thousands of hours together in the temple, both day and night) and he was my first.
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