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Ensayo De Investicacion Biocrafica Sobre El Adelantado Sebastian De Belalcazar *
ENSAYO DE INVESTICACION BIOCRAFICA SOBRE EL ADELANTADO SEBASTIAN DE BELALCAZAR * POR OCTAVIO NOGALES HIDALGO Los primitivos historiadores de Indias, Zárate, Oviedo, Góma- ra, etc., son los primeros que hay que consultar en cuanto son fuentes de estudio sobre la conquista del Perú, y se refieren a Be- lalcazar, en las relaciones de este Gapitán con Pizarro. * NOTA.-Quiero hacer constar, que el presente trabajo tiene ya una páti- na de tiempo. Eiiipezado cuando yo cursaba oficialmente, mi doctorado en His- toria, en la Universidad de Madrid, Curso 1921-22, bajo la dirección del ilustre Catedrático D. Antonio Ballesteros Beretta como iniciación investigadora en su asignatura de Historia de America, quedó así esbozado lo que despues y duran: te los años de 1924, 1925 y 1926 de mi estada en Sevilla, acabé de perfilar en la forma que ahora se publica Pensaba poder constituirlo en tesis doctoral, cuan- do el <.Boletín de la Real Academia de Ciencias, Bellas Letras y Nobles Artes de Córdoba, y en sus números publicados en 1926, empezó la inserción de unas -Notas para la Biografía de D. Sebastián de Belalcazar* por D. Gabnel Delgado Gallego, que con gran aparato bibliográfico, publicó una reseña de la vida del Adelantado. Creo no obstante, que la redactada en aquel ya lejano entonces por mí, y siguiendo idénticos caminos, puede conservar aún hoy, algún interés de apreciaciones no consignadas en el trabajo de Delgado Gallego, fallecido ya ha- ce también bastantes años. 58 REVISTA DE LA Viene después la obra de Herrera, y la más importante, pues de ella son las noticias del anterior, de Cieza de León, que habien- do estado muchos años en Popayan, puede darnos noticias ciertas de Sebastián de Belalcazar. -
Beyond the Conquest
PANAMA & PERU BEYOND THE CONQUEST Rather than a conquest, the arrival of the Spanish in the Americas was a meeting of cultures which resulted in a completely new, incredibly rich, and uniquely surprising culture. From the route taken by Vasco Núñez de Balboa across Panama, and the expeditions made by the Spaniards in search of the treasures of the Americas, including the three voyages made by Pizarro in his quest to be the first European to reach the mythical kingdom of Birú, to the stories behind the founding of Lima, Cusco and the port of Callao: This tour is a journey into the past, to cities that speak for themselves through buildings that are filled with history, including sacred temples and the houses of conquistadores. It is a journey that tells of encounters with pirates, and the construction of the fortresses built to repel those same pirates. We invite you to journey with us through time, as we take you into a past you will never forget. PANAMA Portobelo Colon Panama City PANAMA & PERU BEYOND THE CONQUEST CAJAMARCA PERU LIMA Machu Picchu Sacred Valley CUSCO First Contact with the Isthmus The Isthmus of Panama was inhabited by indigenous people for thousands of years that excelled in the art of pottery making, stone carving and gold work. However, in 1501, an expedition of Spaniards led by Rodrigo de Bastidas gives the first news of mainland and the following year, Admiral Christopher Columbus founded the first European settlement near the gold deposits of Veraguas. He also makes the first report regarding the land between the two seas. -
Pedrarias Dávila
CONTENIDO Introducción 1 1 Antepasados judeoconversos de Pedrarias Dávila 7 2 El Gran Justador 11 3 Obispo Rodríguez de Fonseca promociona a Pedrarias Dávila como 15 Gobernador de Castilla de Oro 4 Requerimiento de Palacios Rubios 23 5 Hambrunas, muertes, intrigas y entradas 29 6 Muerte cruenta del descubridor del Mar del Sur 37 7 Mezquindad de Pedrarias en toma de posesión del Mar del Sur 45 8 Gil González Dávila construye barcos en el Mar del Sur 51 9 Toma de Posesión del Mar Dulce y Golfo de Fonseca, y Diálogo sobre 57 Cosmovisión 10 Exploración del Estrecho Dudoso y fundación de León, Granada y Bruselas 67 Exploración del Estrecho Dudoso 71 Caso de los Desollados 72 Descenso demográfico 73 Fundación de Santiago de los Caballeros de León 74 Fundación de Granada 78 Fundación de Bruselas 79 11 Estrecho Dudoso, cruentos enfrentamientos y decapitación de Cristóbal de 81 Olid 12 Hernán Cortés y Estrecho Dudoso 95 De Tayasal a Nito 95 Fiscal de Audiencia de Santo Domingo, Bachiller Pedro Moreno, en 102 Golfo de las Higueras Hernán Cortés intenta concertación con Francisco Hernández de 106 Córdoba 13 Pedrarias ordena muerte de Hernández de Córdoba 113 14 Ayuntamientos de León y Granada reconocen a Diego López de Salcedo 129 como Gobernador de Nicaragua Pedrarias Dávila: Señor de Horca y Cuchillo 15 Segundo Juicio de Residencia a Pedrarias Dávila 137 Primer Juicio de Residencia 137 Segundo Juicio de Residencia 140 16 Muerte del Furor Domini siendo Gobernador de Nicaragua 145 Intento de ampliación del territorio de Gobernación de Nicaragua 146 Aperreamiento 148 Ilusiones misioneras, Auto de Fe y bautizos a granel 149 Tráfico esclavista y despoblamiento de Nicaragua 154 Ambicioso proyecto de expansión territorial 158 Muerte vence al Gran Justador 163 Bibliografía 169 Índice Analítico 239 INTRODUCCIÓN l descubrimiento del Mar del Sur (Océano Pacífico) en Panamá está estrechamente vinculado con Vasco Núñez de Balboa; y la fundación de las ciudades de León y EGranada, en Nicaragua, con Francisco Hernández de Córdoba. -
Resistance to the Expansion of Pachakutiq's Inca Empire and Its Effects on the Spanish
RESISTANCE TO THE EXPANSION OF PACHAKUTIQ'S INCA EMPIRE AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE SPANISH CONQUEST A Senior Scholars Thesis by MIGUEL ALBERTO NOVOA Submitted to the Office of Undergraduate Research Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the designation as HONORS RESEARCH FELLOW May 2012 Major: History Economics RESISTANCE TO THE EXPANSION OF PACHAKUTIQ'S INCA EMPIRE AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE SPANISH CONQUEST A Senior Scholars Thesis by MIGUEL ALBERTO NOVOA Submitted to the Office of Undergraduate Research Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for designation as HONORS RESEARCH FELLOW Approved by: Research Advisor: Glenn Chambers Director for Honors and Undergraduate Research: Duncan Mackenzie May 2012 Major: History Economics iii ABSTRACT Resistance to the Expansion of Pachakutiq's Inca Empire and its Effects on the Spanish Conquest. (May 2012) Miguel Alberto Novoa Department of History Department of Economics Texas A&M University Research Advisor: Dr. Glenn Chambers Department of History This endeavor focuses on the formation and expansion of the Inca Empire and its effects on western South American societies in the fifteenth century. The research examines the Incan cultural, economic, and administrative methods of expansion under Pachakutiq, the founder of the empire, and its impact on the empire’s demise in the sixteenth century. Mainstream historical literature attributes the fall of the Incas to immediate causes such as superior Spanish technology, the Inca civil war, and a devastating smallpox epidemic; however, little is mentioned about the causes within the society itself. An increased focus on the social reactions towards Inca imperialism not only expands current information on Andean civilization, but also enhances scholarly understanding for the abrupt end of the Inca Empire. -
History of the Panama Canal; Its Construction and Builders
• CHAPTER V SPANISH RULE ON THE ISTHMUS Pedrarias Superseded—Lope de Sosa Appointed Governor of Castilla del Oro— Pedrarias Leaves Antigua—Founds Panama—Espinosa Secures Paris's Gold—Diego de Albites—-His Career—He Re-founds Nombre de Dios —Death of Lope de Sosa—Pedrarias Still Governor—Oviedo's Rule in Antigua—Its Failure—Antigua Abandoned and Burned—Uprise of Panama—Exploration by Pascual de Andagoya—Urraca Defeats Espinosa and Pizarro—Espinosa Founds Nata—Establishment of Alanje —-Gil Gonzalez Davila—-His Search for the Moluccas—He Discovers Lake Nicaragua—He Names the Gulf of Fonseca—His Great Success —His Northern Explorations—He Goes to Mexico—His Return to Spain—His Death—Activity of Oviedo—Pedrarias Again Superseded— Pedro de Los Rios Appointed Governor of Castilla del Oro—Pedrarias Seizes Nicaragua—Foundation of Granada and Leon—Cordoba's Re- bellion—His Negotiations With Cortes—Pedrarias Leaves Panama for Nicaragua—Execution of C6rdoba—Pedrarias's Conflict With Saavedra—Arrival of Pedro de los Rios—Pedrarias Tried and Ac- quitted—Pedrarias Appointed Governor of Nicaragua—Rivalry of Salcedo—Deposition of Salcedo—Exploration of the San Juan River— Pedrarias Deals in Slaves—Holds Gladiatorial Contests—Depletion of the Native Population—Pedrarias Secures Territory in Honduras —Fails in San Salvador—Sells His Interest in Peru—His Death— His Character. THE reports made both by Oviedo, Sea, where he hoped to be independent of the veedor, who had gone back to the new governor of Castilla del Oro. ..With Spain in October, 15 15, and by- this object in view he proposed to his ca- Bishop Quevedo, who had also returned, bildo or council that the capital should be were extremely adverse to Pedrarias, and transferred from its then site to a new one 'it was determined by the Council of the on the other side of the isthmus. -
Narrative of the Proceedings of Pedrarias Davila in the Provinces of Tierra Firme Or Catilla Del Oro, and of the Discovery of Th
WORKS ISSUED BY CJe l^afelugt ^ocictg. THE NARRATIVE OF PASCUAL DE AND A GOYA. COUNCIL THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY. SIR RODERICK IMPEY MURCHISON, K.C.B., G.C.St.S., F.R.S., D.C.L., Corr. Mem. Inst, l*"., Hou. Mem. Imp. Acad. Sc. Petersburg, etc., etc., President. Rear-Admiral C. R. DRINKWATER BETHUNE, C.B. Vice-Presidents. The Rt. Hon. Sir DAVID DUN DAS, M.P. Rev. G. p. BADGER, F.R.G.S. .T. BARROW, Esq., F.R.S. Rear-admiral R. COLLINSON, C.B. Sir henry ELLIS, K.H., F.R.S. General C. FOX. R. W. GREY, Esq. JOHN WINTER JONES, Esq., F.S.A. JOHN W. KAYE, Esq. His Excellency the COUNT DE LAVRADIO. THOMAS K. LYNCH, Esq. R. H. MAJOR, Esq., F.S.A. Sir CHARLES NICHOLSON, Bart. Majob-General Sir HENRY C. RAWLINSON, K.C.B. WILLIAM STIRLING, Esq., M.P. Viscount STRANGFORD. WILLIAM WEBB, Esq. ALLEN YOUNG, Esq., R.N.R. CLEMENTS R. MARKHAM, Esq., F.S.A., Honorary Secretary. ' 3V- 3SAEEATIVE OP THE PROCEEDINGS •PEDRAKIAS DAVILA- IN THE PROVINCES OF TIEEEA FIRME OR CASTILLA DEL ORO, AND OF THE DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTH SEA AND THE COASTS OF PERU AND NICARAGUA. WRITTEN BY THE ADELANTADO PASCUAL DE ANDAGOYA. TRANSIATED AND EDITED, WITH NOTES AND AN INTRODUCTION, BY I CLEMENTS K. MARKHAM. LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY. f M.DCCC.T.XV. 1 1) i^'l G Nb^ (JUBEN STREET. >N : T. BICHARDS, ^7, OKEAT i^ INTKODUCTION Pascual de Andagoya was one of the officers who accompanied Pedrarias, when he went out as governor of the newly discovered isthmus between the North and South Seas in 1514. -
EL ISTMO DE PANAMÁ En La Crónica De Gaspar De Espinosa
Artículos EL ISTMO DE PANAMÁ en la Crónica de Gaspar de Espinosa HERRERA GUILLÉN, NIMIA NIMIA HERRERA GUILLÉN Resumen: El Istmo de Panamá en la crónica de Gaspar de Universidad de Panamá, Panamá Espinosa es un parte de la investigación doctoral “Panamá en las crónicas del siglo XVI” cuyo tema es: “El análisis del discurso narrativo-semántico de las crónicas de Vasco Núñez Cátedra: Revista Especializada en Estudios de Balboa, Martín Fernández de Enciso, Pascual de Andagoya, Culturales y Humanísticos Pedrarias Dávila, Pedro Cieza de León y Gaspar de Espinosa”, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá las cuales permiten conocer e identificar cómo eran los aspectos ISSN: 2415-2358 ISSN-e: 2523-0115 socioculturales, geográficos, políticos y económicos del Istmo Periodicidad: Anual de Panamá, en la primera mitad del siglo XVI, durante el núm. 15, 2018 periodo del descubrimiento y la conquista. El estudiar las [email protected] crónicas coadyuva a realizar un estudio historiográfico de nuestra Recepción: 12 Junio 2018 literatura panameña durante la época del descubrimiento y la Aprobación: 25 Julio 2018 conquista que permitiría conocer sobre qué sucedió durante el URL: http://portal.amelica.org/ameli/ largo lapso de dominio español. jatsRepo/227/2271257014/index.html Palabras clave: literatura panameña colonial, crónicas de Indias. Abstract: e Isthmus of Panama in the chronicle of Gaspar de Espinosa is a part of the doctoral research “Panama in the Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución- sixteenth century chronicles” whose theme is: “e analysis NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional. of the narrative-semantic discourse of the chronicles of Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Martín Fernández of Enciso, Pascual de Andagoya, Pedrarias Dávila, Pedro Cieza de León and Gaspar de Espinosa “, which allow us to know and identify what the socio-cultural, geographical, political and economic aspects of the Isthmus of Panama were like in the first half of the 16th century, during the period of discovery and conquest. -
A Regional Guide to Books Published by the Hakluyt Society
A Regional Guide to Books Published by The Hakluyt Society THE CARIBBEAN, CENTRAL AMERICA AND MEXICO Compiled by Stewart D. Redwood, BSc (Hons), PhD, FGS, FIMMM, FSA Scot INTRODUCTION This regional guide to the Hakluyt Society publications is in two parts, 1) the Caribbean including the Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles and the northern coasts of Venezuela and Colombia, and 2) Central America and Mexico. The Spanish referred to the Caribbean as the Indies, and to the Caribbean coast of Venezuela, Colombia and Panama as Tierra Firme (Mainland), translated as the Spanish Main. In English, the West Indies refers to the British colonies in this region and more generally to the Antilles archipelagos, as well as British Honduras (Belize) and British Guiana (Guyana). The bibliographical details are taken from the lists of Publications of the Hakluyt Society compiled by P. E. H. Hair, R. C. Bridges and R. J. Howgego, and uses their numbering system of series and book number, e.g. from 1/2 being the First Series, No. 2 to 3/22 being the Third Series, No. 22. All books reviewed in this Guide were published by the Hakluyt Society in London unless otherwise stated. Dates in brackets refer to the subscription year if different from the publication year. A number of papers of annual lectures are also included. The books are described in the approximate chronological order of the voyages. CARIBBEAN 1/2. Select Letters of Christopher Columbus, with other Original Documents, relating to his Four Voyages to the New World. Translated and Edited by R. H. Major, Esq., of the British Museum. -
COLEGIO PROVINCIAL SAN JOSÉ PAMPLONA Honor Ciencia Y Virtud 4° TALLER CIENCIAS SOCIALES 7°-01 Grado DOCENTE : SANDRA C JAIMES SEDE CENTRAL
COLEGIO PROVINCIAL SAN JOSÉ PAMPLONA Honor Ciencia y Virtud 4° TALLER CIENCIAS SOCIALES 7°-01 Grado DOCENTE : SANDRA C JAIMES SEDE CENTRAL ESTANDAR. RELACIONES CON LA HISTORIA Y LA CULTURA DBA: Evaluar las causas y consecuencias de los procesos de conquista y colonización europea dados en Colombia COMPETENCIA. Describir los procesos de conquista y colonización que llevaron a cabo por los europeos en territorio de lo que es actualmente Colombia. LA CONQUISTA DE NUESTRO TERRITORIO Los conquistadores españoles que arribaron al territorio, que posteriormente correspondería a Colombia, tenían dos intereses principales, La búsqueda de metales preciosos y el sometimiento de la población nativa, que serviría luego de mano de obra esclava. En su afán por lograr dichos objetivos, los españoles tuvieron constantes choques militares y culturales con los indígenas, lo cual genero un impacto negativo en la población nativa. Las expediciones de la Costa Atlántica ALONSO DE OJEDA NICOLAS DE VASCO NUÑEZ FEDERMAN PEDRO DE HEREDIA FRANCISCO GONZALO JIMENEZ PIZARRO DE QUEZADA JIMENESJIMENES SEBASTIAN DE BELALCAZAR Viajes de los conquistadores en Colombia. Alonso de Ojeda (1499-1501) Vasco Núñez de Balboa (1513) Pedro Arias Dávila (1513-1519) Pascual de Andagoya, Diego de Almagro y Francisco Pizarro (1515-1529) Pedro de Heredia y sus tenientes (1532-1538) Sebastián de Belalcázar (1533-1539) Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada (1536-1538) Nicolás de Federmán (1537-1539) La incursión de los conquistadores al territorio actual de Colombia se inició a lo largo de la Costa Caribe por medio de tres expediciones. Primera expedición de Alonso de Ojeda en 1499; una expedición comandada por Ojeda y con la participación de Juan de la Cosa y Américo Vespucio, arribó a las costas de Venezuela y la Guajira. -
Pizarro Chronology
Francisco Pizarro (1475 – 1541 Conquistador of the Inca Empire in Perú 1475 Francisco Pizarro González was born in the town of Trujillo, in the rough, poor, and dry western region of Spain known as Extremadura, a land from which many Spanish conquistadors came. He was the illegitimate son of a soldier, a profession he practiced from a young age. His mother, Francisca González Mateos, was from a poor family from Trujillo. Hernán Cortés was his second cousin. Later he was given the noble title of marqués de los Atabillos by King Carlos V. 1479-1516 Spain was ruled by the Catholic Monarchs (los Reyes Católicos). 1502 He sailed to Hispaniola in the company of Nicolás de Ovando. 1509 He traveled to Colombia with the conquistador Alonso de Ojeda. This expedition was a failure. 1513 Next he went on the expedition led by Vasco Núñez de Balboa on which Spaniards saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time. They called it the "Mar del Sur" (South Sea) because where they saw it from the coast of Panamá the sea is to the south. 1517-1556 Spain was ruled by Carlos V. 1519 Pizarro was charged with arresting Balboa, who was tried, convicted, and beheaded. Pizarro was rewarded with the position of mayor of Panamá City (1519- 1523). 1519-1521 Pizarro joined Cortés' conquest of México as a common soldier. 1522 Pizarro lived in Panamá, where he heard about Perú (Pirú) and the Incas from Pascual de Andagoya, who is considered the "discoverer" (not the conquistador) of Perú. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 1 1522-1524 Pizarro joined Diego de Almagro to plan the conquest of Perú with 80 men and 40 horses. -
South America
A Regional Guide to Books Published by The Hakluyt Society SOUTH AMERICA Compiled by John Hemming This Regional Guide is divided into four sections: 1. The Incas, Peru and the Andes; 2. The Amazon River; 3. Brazil and the Atlantic seaboard; 4. The Guianas. In each section, Hakluyt Society volumes are arranged roughly chronologically according to their content.1 1. The Incas, Peru and the Andes Memorias Antiguas Historiales del Peru. By Fernando Montesinos. Translated and edited by Philip Ainsworth Means, 2nd series, 48, 1920. This volume was a curious choice for the Hakluyt Society. Montesinos’s text is short (126 pages); it is pure history with nothing about expeditions or discovery; its author was a Spanish Jesuit active in Peru for little more than a decade; he wrote in the 1640s more than a century after Pizarro’s conquest and had no new sources; and Means’s translation was from a flawed edition first published in Madrid in 1882. More importantly, Licenciate Montesinos gave eight chronological tables, listing dynasty after dynasty of several thousand years of Inca rulers, starting with Noah’s grandson Ophir who emigrated to ‘Hamerica’. The book has brief histories of many of these fictitious reigns. In an introduction to this volume, Sir Clements Markham admitted that Father Montesinos had ‘received more abuse at the hands of later critics’ than any other writer about ancient America. This disregard has increased since then. In the 1980s Professor John Rowe showed convincingly that Inca expansion and hegemony started with the ninth Inca Pachacuti’s defeat of the Chanca outside Cuzco in about 1438 AD. -
LOS PRIMEROS ENCUENTROS ENTRE LAS HUESTES DE PIZARRO Y LOS INDÍGENAS: APUNTES PARA UNA TIPOLOGÍA Lydia Fossa University Of
REVISTA DE CRÍTICA LITERARIA LATINOAMERICANA Año XXX, Nº 60. Lima-Hanover, 2do. Semestre de 2004, pp. 71-98 LOS PRIMEROS ENCUENTROS ENTRE LAS HUESTES DE PIZARRO Y LOS INDÍGENAS: APUNTES PARA UNA TIPOLOGÍA Lydia Fossa University of Arizona Los primeros encuentros de Francisco Pizarro1 y su gente con los nativos de las costas del oeste de Colombia, Ecuador y Perú nos los narra Pedro de Cieza de León casi veinte años después que ocurren, a principios de la década de 1550. Este autor recoge una interesante versión de los viajes de exploración de la costa sur del Pacífico gracias a su informante, Niculás de Rivera2, quien parti- cipó como tesorero desde la primera expedición de Francisco Piza- rro (1989:23). A mediados del mes de noviembre de 1523 zarparon en un navío los 80 españoles, los cuatro caballos (1989:11), las vi- tuallas y los esclavos, africanos3 e indígenas4, que no se nombran sino rara vez5. Pizarro, vecino de Panamá, “dio muestras a sus compañeros tener deseo de aventurar su persona y hazienda en hazer aquella jornada” (9)6 y organizó esta expedición. Tenían, los de Panamá, “grande esperança de hallar tierra rica” (9) yendo por la mar del Sur. Pizarro se asoció primero con Diego de Almagro y Hernando de Luque, y después incluyeron a Pedrarias Dávila7, el Gobernador de Tierra Firme, a exigencia de este último: “Pedra- rias se lo concedio [la demanda de aquel descubrimiento] con tanto que hiziesen con el compañia para que tuviese parte en el provecho que se oviese” (Cieza, 1989:9). Acordaron, también, que “sacando los gastos que se hiziesen todo el oro y plata y otros despojos8 se partiesen entre ellos por yguales partes …” (9-10).