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IVAN MUŽIĆ HRVATSKA POVIJEST DEVETOGA STOLJEĆA BIBLIOTEKA POVJESNICE HRVATA 3 UREDNIK: Prof. Milan Ivanišević ZA NAKLADNIKE: Josip Botteri Zoran Bošković RECENZENTI I. IZDANJA: Dr. sc. Denis Alimov, Sveučilište u Sankt Peterburgu (Rusija) Dr. sc. Danijel Dzino, Sveučilište u Adelaide (Australia) Prof. dr. sc. Darko Gavrilović, Novi Sad Prof. dr. sc. Ivan Jurić, Zagreb Dr. sc. fra Bazilije Pandžić, Zagreb Prof. dr. sc. Ivo Rendić Miočević, Rijeka Akademik Radoslav Rotković, Herceg Novi LEKTOR: Mario Blagaić KOREKTURA: Vesela Romić PRIPREMA ZA TISAK: ACME PRIJELOM KNJIGE: Marko Grgić FOTOGRAFIJA NA KORICAMA: Spomen bana Branimira s hrvatskim etnonimom na arhitravu i zabatu predromaničke crkve na Crkvini u Šopotu kod Benkovca. Snimio Zoran Alajbeg, Muzej hrvatskih arheoloških spomenika u Splitu FOTOGRAFIJE U KNJIZI: Branimirov natpis iz Muća Snimio: Filip Beusan, Arheološki muzej u Zagrebu SVE OSTALE SLIKE U KNJIZI: Zoran Alajbeg, Muzej hrvatskih arheoloških spomenika u Splitu POVIJESNE KARTE IZRADIO: Tomislav Kaniški, Zagreb © Ivan Mužić, Čiovska 2, 21000 Split [email protected] www.muzic-ivan.info Pripremu i tiskanje dopunjenoga izdanja ove knjige u potpunosti su pomogli gospoda: Ivan Kapetanović (Ljubljana - Split), Josip Petrović (Zagreb), Zvonimir Puljić (Split) i Ante Sanader (Split) IVAN MUŽIĆ HRVATSKA POVIJEST DEVETOGA STOLJEĆA DRUGO DOPUNJENO IZDANJE MATICA HRVATSKA OGRANAK SPLIT NAKLADA BOŠKOVIĆ SPLIT 2007 Ženi Vlasti S A D R Ž AJ PREDGOVOR DRUGOM IZDANJU MUŽIĆEVE KNJIGE HRVATSKA POVIJEST DEVETOGA STOLJEĆA (MARIN ZANINOVIĆ) . 9 PROSLOV UZ PRVO IZDANJE KNJIGE HRVATSKA POVIJEST DEVETOGA STOLJEĆA IVANA MUŽIĆA (DANIJEL DZINO) . 19 UVOD O STAROSJEDITELJIMA KAO ETNIČKOM TEMELJU HRVATSKE ETNOGENEZE . .31 I. JAPODI, LIBURNI I DALMATI . 33 II. VLADAVINA GOTA NA TERITORIJU LIBURNIJE I DALMACIJE . 51 III. DOSELJENJE SKLAVINA . 65 IV. NASTAVLJANJE KONTINUITETA KULTURE BALKANSKO- DINARSKIH STAROSJEDITELJA I POSLIJE DOSELJAVANJA DIJELA DRUGIH ETNOSA . 87 HRVATSKA POVIJEST DEVETOGA STOLJEĆA . .121 I. PRVOBITNI SMJEŠTAJ HRVATA NA LIBURNIJSKOM TERITORIJU I FRANAČKO OVLADAVANJE LIBURNIJOM I DALMACIJOM. 139 II. SJEDINJENJE LIBURNIJE I DALMACIJE 818. I OSLOBOĐENJE HRVATA OD FRANAČKOG VRHOVNIŠTVA DO 839. GODINE . .157 III. HRVATSKI KRALJEVI TRPIMIR, KREŠIMIR I MIROSLAV . .171 IV. HRVATSKI BANOVI U DRUGOJ POLOVINI IX. STOLJEĆA . 189 1. DOMAGOJ. 189 2. ZDESLAV . 193 7 3. BRANIMIR. 195 4. MUTIMIR . .205 V. P OKATOLIČAVANJE ARIJANSKIH HRVATA . 209 VI. OSTACI KULTA PREDKRŠĆANSKOGA BOGA VIDA NA TERITORIJU HRVATA . 231 PRILOZI . 247 I. STARA ILI BIJELA HRVATSKA I DOSELJENJE HRVATA OKO 639. GODINE PREMA SPISU DE ADMINISTRANDO IMPERIO . 249 II. DOSELJENJE ARIJANSKIH GOTA, “KOJI SU UISTINU SKLAVINI” U RIMSKU DALMACIJU, A POSEBNO NA TERITORIJ LIBURNIJE, I NJIHOVO SUŽIVLJENJE SA STAROSJEDIOCIMA PREMA VRELIMA TOME ARHIĐAKONA. 265 DODATAK O ARIJANIZMU. 275 III. AVARI, PROTOBUGARSKO OSOBNO IME I HRVATSKI ETNONIM . .277 IV. SABOR NA DUVANJSKOM POLJU U DRUGOJ POLOVINI IX. STOLJEĆA PREMA LIBELLUS GOTHORUM . 295 DODATAK O VLASIMA . 315 BIBLIOGRAFIJA VRELA I POSEBNO KORIŠTENIH RADOVA . 321 UMJESTO POGOVORA PRVOME IZDANJU (DENIS ALIMOV). 331 KAZALO OSOBA (NADA VRSALOVIĆ) . 335 KAZALO AUTORA (NADA VRSALOVIĆ) . .339 POPIS SLIKA I KARATA . .351 KRATICE. 353 O AUTORU IVANU MUŽIĆU (VLADO NUIĆ) . .355 8 PREDGOVOR DRUGOM IZDANJU MUŽIĆEVE KNJIGE HRVATSKA POVIJEST DEVETOGA STOLJEĆA Ivan Mužić dodao je, nizu svojih knjiga, i ovu najnoviju Hrvatsku povijest devetoga stoljeća. Rođen je 1934. u Solinu, prepunom povijesti i njenih spomenika i tu je upijao bez sumnje veličajnu prošlost od naj- mlađih dana. Završio je Klasičnu gimnaziju u Splitu, jednu od elitnih hr- vatskih obrazovnih ustanova. Studij prava diplomirao je u Zagrebu 1958. godine. Već kao mladi stručnjak objavio je studije, koje su izazvale širo- ku pažnju javnosti. Bila su to Razmatranja o povijesti Hrvata 1967., ko- joj je slijedila Hrvatska politika i jugoslavenska ideja 1969. Djelomično otapanje najrigidnijeg totalitarizma u "jugoslovenskoj" varijanti, nakon pada sveprisutne udbaške strahovlade Aleksandra Rankovića, omogući- lo je pristup i nekim zabranjenim temama naše povijesti. Pa ipak, bilo je prerano i sjećam se kako su na ove knjige reagirali južni i sjeverni hrvatski unitaristi, pa se na kraju u debatu umiješali i Centralni komitet SK BiH, Okružni javni tužilac Ljubo Prvan u Vjesniku i drugi. Od tada Mužić nosi žig čovjeka opasnog po federalni javni red. Mraz Hrvatskog proljeća i svih iluzija koje je pobudilo dohvatio je i Mužića i podvrgnuo ga sudskom progonu koji je trajao od početka 1972. do jeseni 1975., kada je apsurd te optužbe sagledan, pa je optuženi od Vrhovnog suda u Zagre- bu bio oslobođen zbog "pomanjkanja dokaza". Bilo bi dobro pretiskati te knjige sa svim njihovim odjecima i optužbama, jer su one dobri doku- menti u kakvom smo društvu i vremenu živjeli. Tim više što i danas ima onih, koji nam prodaju tu "jugoslovensku unitarističku idilu i maglu" kao neko idealno vrijeme za naš narod. Mužić bi učinio dobro djelo, kad bi obradio ta zbivanja, kako bi mladi ljudi, a pogotovo oni, koji će ući u ta proučavanja, doznaju kako je to izgledalo. Sudionici totalitarizma stare i umiru i oni koji to znaju i mogu, dužni su zabilježiti za buduće nara- štaje kako nas je pritiskao. Sjećam se i sam mnogih primjera, a posebno Kerubina Šegvića. On je bio dobar čovjek i vrstan znanstvenik, čiju sam sjajnu knjigu o Tomi Arhiđakonu Splićaninu, u izdanju Matice hrvatske 9 1927. pročitao u gimnaziji. Nikada neću zaboraviti zaprepaštenje koje sam osjetio, kada sam na studiju u Zagrebu nakon 1950. doznao da su ga naši boljševički barbari ubili u njegovoj 85. godini ugušivši ga želje- znom žicom, jer se davne 1937. bio usudio pisati o gotskoj komponenti u etnogenezi Hrvata. Eto, to je bilo bavljenje znanošću u "jugoslovenskoj idili", koja je uništila I. Pilara, M. Šuffl aya, I. Guberinu i tolike druge pisce, pjesnike, književnike, profesore i novinare, nestale u tamnicama Ozne i Udbe. Sreća je da je Mužić došao na javnu scenu, kada ovakve barbarske egzekucije bivaju rjeđe, jer da je djelovao desetljeće ranije, pitanje ka- kva bi ga sudbina bila zadesila. On naime u svojim djelima ruši broj- ne zabrane i raščišćava pojmove. Doživljavam ga kao kolegu po struci, iako sam malo drukčije, arheološke grane. Novo djelo, koje nam je po- klonio, bavi se ranim i ključnim stoljećem hrvatske povijesti. To deve- to stoljeće je, kao i u ostaloj Europi, vrijeme oblikovanja niza sastojnica bilo narodnosnih, bilo teritorijalnih, koje više-manje sačinjavaju i naše današnje odrednice. Ovakve knjige, koliko je meni poznato, trenutačno nema u našoj historiografi ji, pa je i te kako dobrodošla. U našoj "služ- benoj" historiografi ji ponekad nailazimo na svjesno izbjegavanje nekih tema. Nekad su to bila različita ideološka polazišta, čega ima i danas, zatim različiti oblici autocenzure i slične pojave, svojstvene malim sre- dinama a pogotovo u društvima totalitarnih okvira u kojima smo živjeli pola stoljeća. Neki elementi tih pozicija imaju svoje korijene i u ranijim državnim okvirima kako mađarsko-austrijskim tako i u jugoslavensko- kraljevskim, da ne spominjemo komunizam. Ivan Mužić je pravnik i u našoj tradiciji su brojni pravnici bili povje- sničari kao na primjer Josip Alačević, Ivan Strohal, Nikola Tomašić, Antun Dabinović, Lujo Margetić, Marko Kostrenčić (Mužićev profesor hrvatske povijesti na Pravnom fakultetu u Zagrebu), ali i drugi. Mužić je Solinjanin i Splićanin, učenik jedne od poznatih klasičnih gimnazija u Hrvatskoj. Od djetinjstva je bio okružen poviješću i njenim spomenicima koji u njegovu kraju idu u svjetski vrh, što ga je od tih ranih dana zanimalo i privlačilo. Mene je na pr. kao dječarca u osnovnoj školi u Hvaru zanimalo što piše na latinskim natpisima u našoj Stolnici, što se tu krije i što znači. Bilo mi je pomalo tajanstveno, kao i mnogošto drugo u djetinjstvu i želio sam to upoznati. Sve to i odrastanje u stoljetnoj kući i po ulicama sa starim pala- čama, crkvama i tvrđavama dovelo me do arheologije. Odavno je poznato, 10 da čovjekovo podrijetlo, dobrim dijelom, određuje i njegovu kasniju ljud- sku osobnost. Stoga nas ne čudi, da se to dogodilo s našim plodnim povje- snikom i publicistom. Ovo je trebalo reći nasuprot nekim primjedbama na početne radove kolege Mužića. Svojim knjigama on je dao primjer kako se radi i ovom najnovijom knjigom još jednom pokazao svoju znanstvenu zrelost i ši- rinu koja imponira, kojom razmiče obzore naše davne prošlosti. Svojim brojnim raspravama on je već i ranije potaknuo pripadnike povijesne struke da i sami priđu obradi nekih problema, što se i vidi u određenom broju novih publikacija. U našoj je historiografi ji trajno prisutno složeno pitanje o seobi Hr- vata, njihovom podrijetlu i pravcima kretanja. Dvije su temeljne postav- ke i odrednice: Kako su i kada Hrvati došli u ove krajeve, trajanje tih se- oba, a s druge strane čimbenik autohtonosti, koja je naglašenija nego li što smo to nekada mislili, kako to zastupa i potanko obrazlaže Ivan Mu- žić. Ove ranosrednjovjekovne seobe su jedno od najsloženijih pitanja europske povijesti, jer su izmijenile narodnosnu sliku mnogih zemalja i predjela. Često su bile razorne, ostavljajući za sobom pustoš i prazninu, da bi pojedine naknadne i mirne simbioze stvarale nove temelje za slije- deća stoljeća. To nisu bile velike skupine ljudi, ali kada su djelovale bile su dobro vojnički organizirane. Najčešće su to bile konjaničke zajednice, koje su to predvodile, jer je konj u tim vremenima, kao uostalom sve do izuma kojekakvih samopokretnih
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    Printable Brochure

    roatia CJewel of the Adriatic June 11th – June 28th, 2022 (18 days) HIGHLIGHTS: 3 nights in Dubrovnik • 2 nights in Split & Opatija • 1 night in Zagreb & Plitvice area • 7 nights stay on a private luxury yacht Walking tour of Opatija, Pula, Rovinj, Zadar, Split, Trogir, Hvar, Korčula & Dubrovnik • Pula Roman Amphitheatre • Plitvice Lakes National Park • Dubrovnik Cable Car Truffle Tasting • Bibich Winery Tasting • Excursion to Konavle Stone Mill & lunch • Tour of Blue Cave (weather dependent) • Traditional Dalmatian lunch Captain’s Dinner • Farewell Dinner ***Please be aware this trip has walking tours (1-3 Kilometres) almost every day with stairs and uneven areas. Passengers need to be able to walk an hour without a rest.*** Day 1 - Flights to Croatia. Overnight flights to Zagreb, Croatia. lakes, a boat ride across the Emerald Green Lake and a train ride back to the entrance. Enjoy dinner at the hotel restaurant and an overnight stay in Day 2 - Zagreb. After arriving into Zagreb and checking into your the Plitvice area. hotel, enjoy an afternoon walking tour of Zagreb. Explore Zagreb’s famous monuments and learn more about its rich history. In the Day 6 - Plitvice to Zadar to Split. Today is all about history, fine food evening, join the rest of the group for a Welcome Dinner. and wine! Start your day with a good breakfast followed by a journey to the city of Zadar known for its Roman and Venetian ruins and the famous Zadar Sea Organs. After Zadar, experience a unique pairing of wine tasting and Croatian Tapas at the famous Bibich Winery.
  • Montenegro & the Bay of Kotor

    Montenegro & the Bay of Kotor

    SMALL GROUP Ma xi mum of LAND 28 Travele rs JO URNEY Montenegro & the Bay of Kotor Inspiring Moments > Visit Venetian-era towns along the Bay of Kotor, a beautiful blue bay cradled between plunging emerald mountains. > Delight in Dubrovnik’s magnificent architecture, towering city walls and INCLUDED FEATURES limestone-paved Stradun. Accommodations (with baggage handling) Itinerary > Sip Montenegrin wines and learn about – 6 nights in Tivat, Montenegro, at the Day 1 Depart gateway city Montenegro’s long tradition of viticulture at deluxe Regent Porto Montenegro. Day 2 Arrive in Dubrovnik and one of Eastern Europe’s finest vineyards. – 1 night in Dubrovnik, Croatia, at the transfer to hotel in Tivat > Discover the serene ambience of two deluxe Hilton Imperial Dubrovnik. Day 3 Cetinje enchanting Orthodox monasteries. > Revel in the remarkable ecosystem and Transfers (with baggage handling) Day 4 Perast | Kotor – Deluxe motor coach transfers during the Day 5 Lake Skadar | Tuzi unspoiled natural beauty of Lake Skadar. Land Program. Day 6 Tivat | Kotor > Step inside a restored Yugoslav submarine at the Maritime Heritage Museum. Extensive Meal Program Day 7 Budva > Uncover the proud history of – 7 breakfasts, 4 lunches and 3 dinners, Day 8 Dubrovnik Cetinje, Montenegro’s cultural center. including Welcome and Farewell Dinners; Day 9 Transfer to Dubrovnik airport tea or coffee with all meals, plus wine and depart for gateway city > Experience two UNESCO World with dinner. Heritage sites. Flights and transfers included for AHI FlexAir participants. Your One-of-a-Kind Journey Note: Itinerary may change due to local conditions. – Discovery excursions highlight the local Activity Level: We have rated all of our excursions with Our Lady of the Rocks culture, heritage and history.
  • Ionian & the Isles

    Ionian & the Isles

    RAZORBACKS ON TOUR IONIAN & THE ISLES 10 nights aboard Nautica VENICE TO VENICE • OCT. 12–23, 2021 2-for-1 cruise fares & free unlimited internet Featuring OLife Choice: INCLUDES ROUND-TRIP AIRFARE PLUS, CHOICE OF 6 FREE SHORE EXCURSIONS, FREE BEVERAGE PACKAGE, OR $600 SHIPBOARD CREDIT ABOVE OFFERS ARE PER STATEROOM, BASED ON DOUBLE OCCUPANCY DAY 1: DEPART FOR ITALY DAY 7: SANTORINI, GREECE In Santorini, indigo-domed churches and chalk-colored homes cling to stony DAY 2: VENICE, ITALY cliffs along the caldera. Black sand beaches dotted with pebbles abut deep, Discover la bella vita—the good life—in the fairytale city of Venice. Take in azure waters, and breathtaking rock formations climb from the volcanic oor. graceful Venetian architecture and ower-strewn canals in this timeless city of bridges, marble palaces, and charming old shops. Enhance your experience DAY 8: CHANIA, CRETE, GREECE with an optional Go Next Venice Pre-Cruise Program. Chania’s charm is contagious. Spend your day here wandering the narrow streets of old town or exploring the small shops and waterfront restaurants that DAY 3: SPLIT, CROATIA line the Venetian Harbour. Alternatively, travel to visit the ruins of Aptera, an Seated on the Dalmatian Coast, Split was built around the fourth-century ancient Minoan and Hellenistic city-state. Roman palace of Diocletian, now a UNESCO World Heritage site. Explore the palace, then visit Split’s Archaeological Museum, or ascend the bell tower of St. DAY 9: CRUISING THE MEDITERRANEAN AND IONIAN SEAS Dominus Cathedral, the world’s oldest Catholic cathedral. DAY 10: BARI, ITALY DAY 4: KOTOR, MONTENEGRO Bari draws visitors with its beautiful Romanesque Basilica di San Nicola, Beneath the limestone cliffs of Mt.
  • The Role of Money in Wartime

    The Role of Money in Wartime

    1 THE ROLE OF MONEY IN WARTIME Second Conference of the Museum of the Bank of Albania Tirana, 20 September 2018 II Conference of the Museum of the Bank of Albania - THE ROLE OF MONEY IN WARTIME 2 Published by: © Bank of Albania Address: Sheshi “Skënderbej”, Nr.1, Tirana, Albania Tel.: + 355 4 2419301/2/3; + 355 4 2419401/2/3 Fax: + 355 4 2419408 E-mail: [email protected] Printed in: 300 copies ISBN 978-9928-262-28-8 Data from this publication may be used, provided the source is acknowledged. The views expressed in the presentations to BoA’s conference on “The role of money in wartime” are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Bank of Albania. THE ROLE OF MONEY IN WARTIME - II Conference of the Museum of the Bank of Albania 3 CONTENTS WELCOME ADDRESS 5 Gent Sejko, Governor of the Bank of Albania OPENING REMARKS 9 Elisabeta Gjoni, First Deputy Governor of the Bank of Albania MINTING OF ILLYRIAN COINS IN WARTIME 13 Special guest: Prof. Olivier Picard, Former Director of the French Archaeological school at Athens, Professor at the Sorbonne University, Member of the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres (Institute of France) SESSION I: ANTIQUITY Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Shpresa Gjongecaj, Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanological Studies COINAGE AND WAR IN THE TERRITORY OF SOUTH ILLYRIA (IV-I CENTURY BC) 25 Dr. Albana Meta, Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanological Studies COINAGE IN ANCIENT WARRIOR EXCHANGE SYSTEMS BETWEEN GREEKS AND NON-GREEKS 39 Dr. Aliénor Rufin Solas, Sorbonne Université, Paris SESSION II: MIDDLE AGES AND POST-MIDDLE AGES Session Chair: Prof.
  • Montenegro Experience with Dubrovnik, Split and Mostar

    Montenegro Experience with Dubrovnik, Split and Mostar

    Head office Slovenia Dunajska cesta 109, Ljubljana T: +386 1 232 11 71 E: [email protected] LIBERTY ADRIATIC Croatia offices Zagreb : Ilica 92/1; T: +385 91 761 08 85 www.liberty-adriatic.com Dubrovnik : Na Rivi 30a; T: +385 98 188 21 32 www.impact-tourism.net E: [email protected] Serbia office Terazije 45, Belgrade T: +381 11 334 13 48 E: [email protected] MONTENEGRO EXPERIENCE WITH DUBROVNIK, SPLIT AND MOSTAR 8 days / 7 nights Discovering Montenegro, Dubrovnik, Split and Mostar TOUR HIGHLIGHTS • Enjoy Budva, the metropolis of Montenegrin tourism • Explore the national park of Lovcen • Relax at Skadar Lake • Discover the picturesque city of Kotor • Feel the rhythm of the winding alleys of walled Old town of Croatian Dubrovnik, the pearl of the Adriatic • Experience Split with its remarkable Diocletian palace and • Visit Bosnian Mostar, a city victim of recent ethnical clash GENERAL INFORMATION CROATIA Travelling through Croatia, Dalmatia or Dubrovnik Region offers immense and rich experiences to every visitor. From the coastal to the continental parts, Croatia’s rich cultural heritage, combined with its magnificent natural beauties, make it the perfect place to spend your vacation at. The capital of Croatia is Zagreb, a charming medieval city of exceptional beauty known for its spirit and architecture, with a population of approximately 1 million. The uniqueness of Croatia lies in its diversity. Situated between the Alps and the Adriatic Sea, Croatia provides visitors with the opportunity to ski in the winter and swim during the summer months, all within driving distance.
  • Balkan Delight

    Balkan Delight

    Moderate September 10 to 23, 2020 18 13 Pace ASK ABOUT AN EARLY PAYMENT DISCOUNT Balkan Delight - Croatia & Montenegro Explore the best of Croa� a and Montenegro! See the Sarajevo War Tunnels, the historic inner city of Split and the ‘Pearl of the Adria� c’ Dubrovnik. Admire the longest and deepest bay in southern Europe and visit Plitvice Na� onal Park. Experience life in rural Osojnik with a local family who will prepare your Be My Guest meal on an open fi re using only local ingredients. Highlights & Inclusions • Roundtrip airport transfers from the CAA Thorold offi ce to Toronto airport • Return airfare, Toronto to Zagreb with Air Canada Rouge, economy class • Twelve nights accommoda� ons in Zagreb, Sarajevo, Dubrovnik, Split and Plitvice • Breakfast daily and fi ve dinners • Be My Guest meal in rural Osojnik with a local family, prepared on an open fi re using local ingredients • Guided city tour in Zagreb, Sarajevo, Kotor, Split and Trogir • Small group guided walking tour through the historic inner city of Dubrovnik • Orienta� on tour of Mostar • Visit the War Tunnels in Sarajevo, Kotor in Montenegro, Diocle� an’s Palace in Split and Plitvice Na� onal Park • View the Cathedral in Zagreb, the Rector’s Palace and city walls in Dubrovnik, and the lakes & waterfalls of Plitvice Na� onal Park • Gratui� es to the Trafalgar Travel Director and coach driver • Services of a CAA Host • Baggage handling with gratui� es Pricing (per person) $5,689 double $6,979 single 1-800-263-7272 | 905-322-2712 | caaniagara.ca/tuxedotours Balkan Delight - Croatia & Montenegro September 10 to 23, 2020 Day 1 - Depart for Croatia Day 8 - Dubrovnik BB, DW Overnight flight, Toronto to Zagreb.