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Hrvatska Povijest 20.Indd IVAN MUŽIĆ HRVATSKA POVIJEST DEVETOGA STOLJEĆA BIBLIOTEKA POVJESNICE HRVATA 3 UREDNIK: Prof. Milan Ivanišević ZA NAKLADNIKE: Josip Botteri Zoran Bošković RECENZENTI I. IZDANJA: Dr. sc. Denis Alimov, Sveučilište u Sankt Peterburgu (Rusija) Dr. sc. Danijel Dzino, Sveučilište u Adelaide (Australia) Prof. dr. sc. Darko Gavrilović, Novi Sad Prof. dr. sc. Ivan Jurić, Zagreb Dr. sc. fra Bazilije Pandžić, Zagreb Prof. dr. sc. Ivo Rendić Miočević, Rijeka Akademik Radoslav Rotković, Herceg Novi LEKTOR: Mario Blagaić KOREKTURA: Vesela Romić PRIPREMA ZA TISAK: ACME PRIJELOM KNJIGE: Marko Grgić FOTOGRAFIJA NA KORICAMA: Spomen bana Branimira s hrvatskim etnonimom na arhitravu i zabatu predromaničke crkve na Crkvini u Šopotu kod Benkovca. Snimio Zoran Alajbeg, Muzej hrvatskih arheoloških spomenika u Splitu FOTOGRAFIJE U KNJIZI: Branimirov natpis iz Muća Snimio: Filip Beusan, Arheološki muzej u Zagrebu SVE OSTALE SLIKE U KNJIZI: Zoran Alajbeg, Muzej hrvatskih arheoloških spomenika u Splitu POVIJESNE KARTE IZRADIO: Tomislav Kaniški, Zagreb © Ivan Mužić, Čiovska 2, 21000 Split [email protected] www.muzic-ivan.info Pripremu i tiskanje dopunjenoga izdanja ove knjige u potpunosti su pomogli gospoda: Ivan Kapetanović (Ljubljana - Split), Josip Petrović (Zagreb), Zvonimir Puljić (Split) i Ante Sanader (Split) IVAN MUŽIĆ HRVATSKA POVIJEST DEVETOGA STOLJEĆA DRUGO DOPUNJENO IZDANJE MATICA HRVATSKA OGRANAK SPLIT NAKLADA BOŠKOVIĆ SPLIT 2007 Ženi Vlasti S A D R Ž AJ PREDGOVOR DRUGOM IZDANJU MUŽIĆEVE KNJIGE HRVATSKA POVIJEST DEVETOGA STOLJEĆA (MARIN ZANINOVIĆ) . 9 PROSLOV UZ PRVO IZDANJE KNJIGE HRVATSKA POVIJEST DEVETOGA STOLJEĆA IVANA MUŽIĆA (DANIJEL DZINO) . 19 UVOD O STAROSJEDITELJIMA KAO ETNIČKOM TEMELJU HRVATSKE ETNOGENEZE . .31 I. JAPODI, LIBURNI I DALMATI . 33 II. VLADAVINA GOTA NA TERITORIJU LIBURNIJE I DALMACIJE . 51 III. DOSELJENJE SKLAVINA . 65 IV. NASTAVLJANJE KONTINUITETA KULTURE BALKANSKO- DINARSKIH STAROSJEDITELJA I POSLIJE DOSELJAVANJA DIJELA DRUGIH ETNOSA . 87 HRVATSKA POVIJEST DEVETOGA STOLJEĆA . .121 I. PRVOBITNI SMJEŠTAJ HRVATA NA LIBURNIJSKOM TERITORIJU I FRANAČKO OVLADAVANJE LIBURNIJOM I DALMACIJOM. 139 II. SJEDINJENJE LIBURNIJE I DALMACIJE 818. I OSLOBOĐENJE HRVATA OD FRANAČKOG VRHOVNIŠTVA DO 839. GODINE . .157 III. HRVATSKI KRALJEVI TRPIMIR, KREŠIMIR I MIROSLAV . .171 IV. HRVATSKI BANOVI U DRUGOJ POLOVINI IX. STOLJEĆA . 189 1. DOMAGOJ. 189 2. ZDESLAV . 193 7 3. BRANIMIR. 195 4. MUTIMIR . .205 V. P OKATOLIČAVANJE ARIJANSKIH HRVATA . 209 VI. OSTACI KULTA PREDKRŠĆANSKOGA BOGA VIDA NA TERITORIJU HRVATA . 231 PRILOZI . 247 I. STARA ILI BIJELA HRVATSKA I DOSELJENJE HRVATA OKO 639. GODINE PREMA SPISU DE ADMINISTRANDO IMPERIO . 249 II. DOSELJENJE ARIJANSKIH GOTA, “KOJI SU UISTINU SKLAVINI” U RIMSKU DALMACIJU, A POSEBNO NA TERITORIJ LIBURNIJE, I NJIHOVO SUŽIVLJENJE SA STAROSJEDIOCIMA PREMA VRELIMA TOME ARHIĐAKONA. 265 DODATAK O ARIJANIZMU. 275 III. AVARI, PROTOBUGARSKO OSOBNO IME I HRVATSKI ETNONIM . .277 IV. SABOR NA DUVANJSKOM POLJU U DRUGOJ POLOVINI IX. STOLJEĆA PREMA LIBELLUS GOTHORUM . 295 DODATAK O VLASIMA . 315 BIBLIOGRAFIJA VRELA I POSEBNO KORIŠTENIH RADOVA . 321 UMJESTO POGOVORA PRVOME IZDANJU (DENIS ALIMOV). 331 KAZALO OSOBA (NADA VRSALOVIĆ) . 335 KAZALO AUTORA (NADA VRSALOVIĆ) . .339 POPIS SLIKA I KARATA . .351 KRATICE. 353 O AUTORU IVANU MUŽIĆU (VLADO NUIĆ) . .355 8 PREDGOVOR DRUGOM IZDANJU MUŽIĆEVE KNJIGE HRVATSKA POVIJEST DEVETOGA STOLJEĆA Ivan Mužić dodao je, nizu svojih knjiga, i ovu najnoviju Hrvatsku povijest devetoga stoljeća. Rođen je 1934. u Solinu, prepunom povijesti i njenih spomenika i tu je upijao bez sumnje veličajnu prošlost od naj- mlađih dana. Završio je Klasičnu gimnaziju u Splitu, jednu od elitnih hr- vatskih obrazovnih ustanova. Studij prava diplomirao je u Zagrebu 1958. godine. Već kao mladi stručnjak objavio je studije, koje su izazvale širo- ku pažnju javnosti. Bila su to Razmatranja o povijesti Hrvata 1967., ko- joj je slijedila Hrvatska politika i jugoslavenska ideja 1969. Djelomično otapanje najrigidnijeg totalitarizma u "jugoslovenskoj" varijanti, nakon pada sveprisutne udbaške strahovlade Aleksandra Rankovića, omogući- lo je pristup i nekim zabranjenim temama naše povijesti. Pa ipak, bilo je prerano i sjećam se kako su na ove knjige reagirali južni i sjeverni hrvatski unitaristi, pa se na kraju u debatu umiješali i Centralni komitet SK BiH, Okružni javni tužilac Ljubo Prvan u Vjesniku i drugi. Od tada Mužić nosi žig čovjeka opasnog po federalni javni red. Mraz Hrvatskog proljeća i svih iluzija koje je pobudilo dohvatio je i Mužića i podvrgnuo ga sudskom progonu koji je trajao od početka 1972. do jeseni 1975., kada je apsurd te optužbe sagledan, pa je optuženi od Vrhovnog suda u Zagre- bu bio oslobođen zbog "pomanjkanja dokaza". Bilo bi dobro pretiskati te knjige sa svim njihovim odjecima i optužbama, jer su one dobri doku- menti u kakvom smo društvu i vremenu živjeli. Tim više što i danas ima onih, koji nam prodaju tu "jugoslovensku unitarističku idilu i maglu" kao neko idealno vrijeme za naš narod. Mužić bi učinio dobro djelo, kad bi obradio ta zbivanja, kako bi mladi ljudi, a pogotovo oni, koji će ući u ta proučavanja, doznaju kako je to izgledalo. Sudionici totalitarizma stare i umiru i oni koji to znaju i mogu, dužni su zabilježiti za buduće nara- štaje kako nas je pritiskao. Sjećam se i sam mnogih primjera, a posebno Kerubina Šegvića. On je bio dobar čovjek i vrstan znanstvenik, čiju sam sjajnu knjigu o Tomi Arhiđakonu Splićaninu, u izdanju Matice hrvatske 9 1927. pročitao u gimnaziji. Nikada neću zaboraviti zaprepaštenje koje sam osjetio, kada sam na studiju u Zagrebu nakon 1950. doznao da su ga naši boljševički barbari ubili u njegovoj 85. godini ugušivši ga želje- znom žicom, jer se davne 1937. bio usudio pisati o gotskoj komponenti u etnogenezi Hrvata. Eto, to je bilo bavljenje znanošću u "jugoslovenskoj idili", koja je uništila I. Pilara, M. Šuffl aya, I. Guberinu i tolike druge pisce, pjesnike, književnike, profesore i novinare, nestale u tamnicama Ozne i Udbe. Sreća je da je Mužić došao na javnu scenu, kada ovakve barbarske egzekucije bivaju rjeđe, jer da je djelovao desetljeće ranije, pitanje ka- kva bi ga sudbina bila zadesila. On naime u svojim djelima ruši broj- ne zabrane i raščišćava pojmove. Doživljavam ga kao kolegu po struci, iako sam malo drukčije, arheološke grane. Novo djelo, koje nam je po- klonio, bavi se ranim i ključnim stoljećem hrvatske povijesti. To deve- to stoljeće je, kao i u ostaloj Europi, vrijeme oblikovanja niza sastojnica bilo narodnosnih, bilo teritorijalnih, koje više-manje sačinjavaju i naše današnje odrednice. Ovakve knjige, koliko je meni poznato, trenutačno nema u našoj historiografi ji, pa je i te kako dobrodošla. U našoj "služ- benoj" historiografi ji ponekad nailazimo na svjesno izbjegavanje nekih tema. Nekad su to bila različita ideološka polazišta, čega ima i danas, zatim različiti oblici autocenzure i slične pojave, svojstvene malim sre- dinama a pogotovo u društvima totalitarnih okvira u kojima smo živjeli pola stoljeća. Neki elementi tih pozicija imaju svoje korijene i u ranijim državnim okvirima kako mađarsko-austrijskim tako i u jugoslavensko- kraljevskim, da ne spominjemo komunizam. Ivan Mužić je pravnik i u našoj tradiciji su brojni pravnici bili povje- sničari kao na primjer Josip Alačević, Ivan Strohal, Nikola Tomašić, Antun Dabinović, Lujo Margetić, Marko Kostrenčić (Mužićev profesor hrvatske povijesti na Pravnom fakultetu u Zagrebu), ali i drugi. Mužić je Solinjanin i Splićanin, učenik jedne od poznatih klasičnih gimnazija u Hrvatskoj. Od djetinjstva je bio okružen poviješću i njenim spomenicima koji u njegovu kraju idu u svjetski vrh, što ga je od tih ranih dana zanimalo i privlačilo. Mene je na pr. kao dječarca u osnovnoj školi u Hvaru zanimalo što piše na latinskim natpisima u našoj Stolnici, što se tu krije i što znači. Bilo mi je pomalo tajanstveno, kao i mnogošto drugo u djetinjstvu i želio sam to upoznati. Sve to i odrastanje u stoljetnoj kući i po ulicama sa starim pala- čama, crkvama i tvrđavama dovelo me do arheologije. Odavno je poznato, 10 da čovjekovo podrijetlo, dobrim dijelom, određuje i njegovu kasniju ljud- sku osobnost. Stoga nas ne čudi, da se to dogodilo s našim plodnim povje- snikom i publicistom. Ovo je trebalo reći nasuprot nekim primjedbama na početne radove kolege Mužića. Svojim knjigama on je dao primjer kako se radi i ovom najnovijom knjigom još jednom pokazao svoju znanstvenu zrelost i ši- rinu koja imponira, kojom razmiče obzore naše davne prošlosti. Svojim brojnim raspravama on je već i ranije potaknuo pripadnike povijesne struke da i sami priđu obradi nekih problema, što se i vidi u određenom broju novih publikacija. U našoj je historiografi ji trajno prisutno složeno pitanje o seobi Hr- vata, njihovom podrijetlu i pravcima kretanja. Dvije su temeljne postav- ke i odrednice: Kako su i kada Hrvati došli u ove krajeve, trajanje tih se- oba, a s druge strane čimbenik autohtonosti, koja je naglašenija nego li što smo to nekada mislili, kako to zastupa i potanko obrazlaže Ivan Mu- žić. Ove ranosrednjovjekovne seobe su jedno od najsloženijih pitanja europske povijesti, jer su izmijenile narodnosnu sliku mnogih zemalja i predjela. Često su bile razorne, ostavljajući za sobom pustoš i prazninu, da bi pojedine naknadne i mirne simbioze stvarale nove temelje za slije- deća stoljeća. To nisu bile velike skupine ljudi, ali kada su djelovale bile su dobro vojnički organizirane. Najčešće su to bile konjaničke zajednice, koje su to predvodile, jer je konj u tim vremenima, kao uostalom sve do izuma kojekakvih samopokretnih
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