European Stud Culture Heritage symposium of the European State Studs Association at Lipica National Stud on October 13th, 2011 Heritage symposium of the European State Studs Association at Lipica National Stud on October 13th, 2011 Forewords Bernard Maurel, President Gustavo Araoz, President of the European State Studs Association of ICOMOS International For the first time since the creation of the "Permanent With great pleasure I accepted the European State Studs Conference of Historic and Traditional Studs" in 2005, now Association's invitation to participate in the "Days of officially constituted in the "European State Studs Associa- European Stud Culture". Aside from being instructive, I found tion" (ESSA), the directors of many of the association's the meeting fascinating for many reasons. partner institutions met experts and specialists of the cultural field during the "Days of European Stud Culture" at First, I was impressed by the commitment and dedication of the Slovenian National Stud Lipica in October 2011. Al- the ESSA members to perpetuate the legacy of the historic though we were always convinced that our responsibility for stud farms of Europe that played such a central historic role the historic horse breeding institutions of Europe is closely for many centuries. connected to heritage preservation, we never thought those links could be as clearly recognized as it turned out at Lipica. Second, I was enthralled by the complexity of work done at During the symposium we discovered that the representa- the national and traditional studs and the challenges they tives of different Ministries of Culture, museum directors, face in jointly conserving the cultural resources of the farms historians and scientists all agree to help us explaining why and the extraordinary horse breeds that rightly are their the protection of our sites and the preservation of our tradi- main concern. tions are essential. Finally, I realized that the mission of ESSA very much echoes First of all, I would like to thank the participants of our sympo- the work that so many in ICOMOS face in making sustainable sium, because their great expertise has given this event an the management of historic environments that are extraordinary extent. We are now sure that our studs, with composed of physical attributes, inanimate objects, living their associated landscapes, crafts, archives, carriages, things and intangible traditions. breeds, etc. are part of our cultural heritage representing a great value. The support of experts of the cultural field is I hope that our contact at Lipica will be the beginning of a immeasurable, because now we have arguments to explain long collaboration between ESSA and ICOMOS, for which I to the political and administrative authorities that our see great potential as well as valuable model for the future heritage is a capacity of local development in many ways, as of ICOMOS. they were presented during the symposium. The best way to show how grateful we are for their contributions will be to work on the many tracks they have given us, with their help and their advice! 2 ESSA European State Studs Support ESSA campaigning for the preservation of European stud culture! The European State Studs education, as places of re- Association (ESSA) cam- generation and cultural heri- paigns for the preservation tage. of the European state studs' To share experience and heritage. Almost in all knowledge, the ESSA European countries, great partner studs cooperate in studs with centuries' old different fields: traditions have outlived time. - Education and Training Through the decline of the - Research in breeding and horses' importance in the welfare of the horse 20th century many of these - Marketing and Tourism unique institutions have - European Law been privatised, dissolved or - Exchange of genetic strongly limited in the past material, especially with decades. regard to sport horses and endangered breeds Around 30 of the most If you wish to support the influential studs of 13 coun- objectives of ESSA, you are tries are connected in the welcome to join the associa- ESSA network, which strives tion as supporting member. to work against this The website www.european- tendency. Through joint statestuds.org provides performances, events and detailed information for promotion activities they friends of European stud raise awareness for the culture. actual and future meaning of the studs as important centers of competence and ESSA members 2012 Photos: Boiselle, Kube Contact: European State Studs Association e.V. c/o Haupt- und Landgestüt Marbach D-72532 Gomadingen-Marbach Horses – Tel. +49 (0)73 85 - 96 57 17 Fax. +49 (0)73 85 - 96 57 38 a European E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: www.europeanstatestuds.org heritage. 3 Heritage symposium of the European State Studs Association at Lipica National Stud on October 13th, 2011 European Stud Culture Contributions to the heritage symposium of the European State Studs Association at Lipica National Stud on October 13th, 2011 Forewords Bernard Maurel, President of the European State Studs Association Gustavo Araoz, President of ICOMOS International . .2 Introduction The European State Studs: A European Heritage Alexandra Lotz, Head of the European State Studs Association's office . .6 Living Symbols Ángela Rojas, ICOMOS International . .9 Living Buildings, Living Heritage – with special reference to Horse Heritage Peter Burman, Arts & Heritage Consultant in Germany and the UK . 12 Historic stud premises – cultural landscapes and architectural heritage The Horse and its Heritage – The Contribution of the French Ministry of Culture to the Protection and Promotion of the Heritage relating to Horses Pascal Liévaux, Head of the Research and Scientific Policy Pilot department at the General Direction for Heritage, French Ministry of Culture . .19 Lipica on Karst Nataša Kolenc, Lipica National Stud, Slovenia and Davorin Gazvoda, Ljubljana University, Slovenia . .22 Redefin – Preserving a treasure of classical style Antje Kerber, Redefin State Stud, Germany . .26 Tradition and Knowledge Slovenia's State Public Service in the Context of Preservation Legislation on Movable and Intangible Cultural Heritage D. Marjeta Mikuž, National Museum of Slovenia, Office for Movable Cultural Heritage and Museums, Slovenia . .28 4 European State Studs Association Classical training of horses and riders at traditional studs and riding schools Patrice Franchet d'Esperey, "Ecuyer" at the "Cadre Noir" of Saumur, Head of the Documentation Office . .32 Topol'cianky National Stud – carriage driving in the past and today Michal Horný, Topol'cianky National Stud, Slovakia . .38 Horse breeding on Bulgarian lands from Thracian times to nowadays Georgi Maystorski, Regional Historical Museum of Shumen, Bulgaria . .40 Saving the studs' written heritage: the policy of the French archives Pascal Even, Head of the common service of the French Ministries for Archives, French Ministry of Culture . .44 Horses – a living heritage Preservation of biodiversity in the horse sector Stefan Rieder, Swiss National Stud Avenches . .46 Filiation – a complex but necessary tool to understand equestrian heritage Nicole de Blomac, Researcher at the High School for Social Sciences, France . .48 Weil-Marbach: Living History Betty Finke, Journalist, Alexandra Lotz, Head of the European State Studs Association's office . 51 The horses of Lipica – a cultural monument of Slovenia Jelka Pirkovic, Institute for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of Slovenia . 57 The Swiss National Stud Farm and the Franches-Montagnes horse: a socio-cultural impact Ruedi von Niederhäusern, Swiss National Stud Avenches . .60 Horse and Society Considerations on Ethics and the Horse – Ethical input for ensuring better protection of the dignity and well-being of horses Pierre-André Poncet, Iris Bachmann, Dominik Burger, Anne Ceppi, Katharina Friedli, Stéphane Klopfenstein, Michaïl Maiatsky, Stefan Rieder, Simone Rubli, Patrick Rüegg, Charles F. Trolliet . 64 5 Heritage symposium of the European State Studs Association at Lipica National Stud on October 13th, 2011 The European State Studs In France it was Colbert, the first minister of Louis XIV, who invented the national stud system with Le Pin, Pompadour – A European Heritage and Rosières-aux-Salines as first national studs. During the French Revolution the studs were closed but Napoleon Alexandra Lotz, Head of the European State quickly reopened them and even added quite a few. After all, Studs Association's office he wanted to conquer Europe and without good horses his chances would have been rather small. The Habsburg Dynasty founded a number of significant The historic studs of Europe derive from a time when horses breeding institutions in the former Austria-Hungary. Many of played a vital role in transport, agriculture, military and them still exist today, such as Kladruby nad Labem in the representation. Before the inventions of the 20th century, Czech Republic, Topol'cianky in the Republic of Slovakia, mankind was for many centuries driven by horsepower and Bábolna in Hungary, Djakovo in Croatia, Radautz in Romania still when we buy a car today we find this reference in the or Lipica Slovenia. term "PS", which means nothing else than "Pferdestärken" – "horsepower". Today, most of the people in our modern The most influential horse breeders on German ground and societies are not aware of the role horses used to play only – not a surprise – the most successful rulers of their time some decades ago. Many of them have never heard of the were the Prussians. In 1786 the "Prussian Stud Administra- great stud farms and can't understand the historic meaning tion" was established containing six actively breeding studs of those institutions. and 16 stallion depots with more than 2000 stallions. The most famous institution was Trakehnen, founded in 1732. Thinking about the horses' relevance in the past it becomes evident why foreseeing rulers founded not only royal studs After the motorization of transport, agriculture and war the for their own representation purposes, but also state studs amount of horses and with them the number of breeding to improve the quality of the horses in their kingdoms.